What are Swedish technology houses. scandinavian houses
For a long time on the Scandinavian Peninsula built frame houses- Inexpensive, durable and warm. Previously, their walls were insulated with reeds, sawdust or straw. These houses stand everywhere among the Swedish and Norwegian fjords, among the Finnish forests to this day.
These Swedish frame houses are over ninety years old! Who said, that wooden house short-lived? With the right design and proper care, wooden frame house can stand for centuries!
Nowadays Sweden is one of the most developed countries in the world. In terms of industrial production, Sweden is only a few percent behind Norway, Finland and Denmark combined! High demands on living standards and energy shortages, increased environmental and safety requirements demanded a universal and inexpensive solution.
Therefore, 80% of all houses in Sweden are built using the technology wooden frame. prefabricated wooden houses, according to this technology, have been industrially produced in Sweden for more than half a century by 245 construction companies.
This is what a completely ordinary modern Swedish country house looks like. frame technology.
Wealthy people in Sweden also build classic Victorian-style frame houses that look quite luxurious.
But if you want to live in a modern house - frame technology is still at your service!
This is how a modern Swedish house looks like using frame technology in the Art Nouveau style, which the DKMK plant can build for you.
What features are typical for Swedish frame houses?
Since Sweden is characterized by enough strong winds, high humidity and a large snow load inherent in the maritime climate, frame houses are made with a reinforced frame and thick walls with power sheathing. The so-called insulated Swedish plate - UShP is used as a foundation. This slab foundation reliably separates the premises of the house from cold ground and is often the basis for a heating system using the "warm floor" system. Since in Sweden energy is generated by nuclear power plants and is quite expensive, for heating Swedish home often a heat pump is used, immersed in the bowels of the earth or in the sea.
We have old houses that once faithfully served state institutions, they are simply demolished. In Europe, they are rebuilt into residential and sold to everyone. Can we go this route?
In Stockholm, Sweden former building department of the Salvation Army was made unique two-storey house. Currently, this house has been restored and began to be used as a private residence. Moreover, during the repair, some old elements were preserved, which made it possible to preserve the historicity of this building and a certain flavor.
The house of 157 square meters is built in the form of a cross, which is quite unusual in itself. Entering the house, the first thing that catches your eye is a small rug, in vintage style. Further on, red double doors open into the living room and dining room, formerly a resting place for Salvation Army personnel.
The living and dining areas are spacious and good lighting. The original emblem of the thirties of the last century has been preserved on the wall in the niche. A large stove in the middle of the room allows you to conditionally divide it into a living room and a dining room. It turns out that sitting in the living room, you can admire beautiful fireplace, and sitting at a large wooden antique table - a magnificent view from the window. It should be noted that in the dining room it was decided to leave even the old wooden benches, which look very harmonious with a bedside table standing near the table with candles and firewood neatly stacked in special niches behind the fireplace. This historic atmosphere of the dining room, oddly enough, goes very well with the modern living room, where modern sofas and hanging on the wall plasma tv. This is explained by the fact that among modern objects one can also find elements that keep history, for example, a woven carpet, an ancient lamp and a braided vessel in the corner of the room.
A staircase leads from the living room to the second floor, and under the stairs there is a bookcase and a small but very cozy office. The kitchen is made of metal and wood, which complement the bright modern elements, such as chairs, and vintage ones, such as paintings on the walls or lamps over dishes.
On the second floor there are bedrooms and guest rooms, which are compact, but each room has its own unique design. For example, the nursery is made in pink colors and filled with bright elements and colors. In the second bedroom, the armchair became the highlight, and in the third - lamps. The bathroom also found a place for an echo of history - wooden cabinets, and they perfectly coexist with a modern bright print on the entire wall.
In all rooms of this house, history and modernity are combined and harmonized, so it takes its rightful place among other design examples on our website.
This section presents projects Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which range from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country are built using a technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.
Features of Swedish houses
As in all Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden are built mainly of wood. Natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, in furniture production. Some characteristic features of Swedish buildings can be noted.
- Simple-shaped houses with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer kitchen, bath often communicate with the main house through a closed canopy.
- Log walls are left unfinished, upholstered with a board impregnated special composition, or painted with permanent paints.
- Windows of a simple form with wooden architraves, usually white. There is no finish (unlike our carving) on them.
The Swedes build log cabins from round logs, the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the upper log rests tightly on the lower one without a visible gap. In the corners, they are connected into a "hexagon", so the log house looks more neat.
A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut on the outside, but is very different from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, underfloor heating, several autonomous heating systems are a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.
Finished projects with working drawings
We implement typical designs of Swedish-style houses, created by our own architectural office. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account in the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:
- description with specification of building materials;
- construction masonry and marking plans;
- schemes and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual units;
- explication of floors, window and door connectors.
At the request of the customer, he produces an architectural passport, which is necessary for obtaining a building permit. A professionally designed project saves the customer from technical errors, and subsequent "alterations", despite the fact that its price occupies an insignificant share in the total cost of building a house.
The concept of "Swedish house" has become a fashionable trend in Russia relatively recently, already in the new millennium, having entered into competition with the so-called "Swedish house" that has already gained a foothold in the market. "Canadian home"
Under the new concept may lie different content. At least two:
- Frame houses supplied from Swedish factories;
- Pre-fabricated houses under construction in Russia using the LSTK frame technology.
Let's figure it out.
One of the main advantages of frame technology construction of LSTK are a small specific gravity of structures
Country houses from Sweden
For example, country houses from Sweden and their projects are offered on the Russian market by several construction companies-suppliers.
Such Swedish houses are delivered to customers in a complete set, so to speak, “on a turn-key basis”, and this concept implies all the necessary components for a comfortable life to the maximum, based on the principle that the purchase (installation) of one’s own house for a person is a very serious and responsible step, which means that clarity and debugging of each of the stages of its construction is needed.
This home offers:
- dubbed heating system when space heating is carried out using several systems. They can function as a whole or separately.
- The entire structure is thermally insulated to avoid extra costs for heating.
- A heat pump is supplied, which works in tandem with boilers on different types fuel, as well as electricity.
- "Heated floors" are mounted;
- Pre-installed wall radiators;
- Air conditioning system and heat recovery in progress;
- A fireplace is placed in the central part of the house;
- Mobile treatment system with the necessary facilities;
- Independent water supply;
- Universal power supply system, which implies the ability not to connect to centralized networks communications.
The set, as you can see, is attractive.
But the "buns" do not end there.
Production time and commissioning
This is also a topical issue - seasonality in the regions of Russia usually presents difficulties with deadlines, as a result, housing construction often drags on for more than one year.
As for Swedish houses, here the whole process of building a house (due to the peculiarities of the frame technology) from the application to its commissioning takes several weeks and it does not depend on the geographical location and the time of year.
Free project
When concluding a contract with a customer for the construction of a Swedish house, the company usually provides free project dwellings.
There are several classes of Swedish houses. Such as ELIT, MASSIV, LUXURY are supplied to Russia - made directly at Swedish factories.
Swedish house in Russian design
The concept of a Swedish home in Russia is somehow conditional. Such a house can now not only be “brought” directly from Europe. But order domestic producers. And even build your own.
The LSTK technology has spread - an abbreviation for the name "Light Steel Thin-Walled Structures".
Such structures based on thin steel up to 3 mm thick are used for the construction of high-speed frame buildings.
These structures include profiled sheets and thin-walled galvanized steel profiles.
Although the profiled sheet of steel today accounts for approximately 70% of all light steel structures produced in our country, the term LSTK has gained a foothold in Russia as denoting the technology of building buildings using galvanized profiles.
Appearance LSTK technologies
This technology was developed in the 50s of the 20th century in Canada. The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number of low-rise buildings for the middle class of the respective climatic conditions countries. The LSTK technology quickly acquired the character of mass application, reducing (and completely eliminating) the use of wooden frames in the suburbs and cities, due to their high cost, susceptibility to decay and the effects of insect pests. But the main factor for the development of LSTK was the possibility of industrial, mass production of steel profiles and the availability of the material.
At the same time, it should be noted that at the moment the LSTK technology does not occupy a leading position in the markets of low-rise individual construction in those countries from which this technology is imported to us. frame construction houses are developed in North America, Canada, the Scandinavian countries, but so far they are building more houses on the basis of a wood frame.
Application
Light steel thin-walled structures are made of galvanized profiles or perforated profiles (thermal profiles). Guides, rack and jumpers are made.
To connect cold-formed profiles use:
- bolts (diameter 5-16 mm),
- self-tapping screws;
- self-drilling self-tapping screws;
- pull rivets;
- powder mounting dowels;
- pneumatic mounting dowels;
- bubbles;
- press connections (Rosette).
Advantages
- Among the first advantages of such houses, environmental friendliness is noted, because. during the construction of a structure based on LSTC, the surrounding landscape, including trees and shrubs, is minimally damaged. In addition, if necessary, the possible complete disposal of the house;
- Construction speed. The construction time for a building based on LSTK usually does not exceed 4-5 months;
- Simplicity and ease of installation. When working, 3-4 workers are enough;
- There is no shrinkage of the foundation either at the time of construction or during operation;
- All-weather installation;
- Lack of heavy equipment during construction;
- Seismic resistance. By the way, the construction of houses using the LSTK technology has gained considerable popularity in Japan and other countries where seismic activity is high.
- Sufficiently low cost of 1 square. m. In Russia, the market value of 1 square. m of such housing from LSTC is approximately from 19-20 thousand rubles.
- High heat saving.
- The service life of houses made of LSTK is declared to be 70-100 years or more.
I note that for the most part, the listed advantages apply not so much to LSTK, but to frame structures in general.
Immediate benefits of LSTC
Stability and accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the profiles
Compact for transport
Factory quality. A kit for the construction of a building from LSTK is produced at the factory and delivered to the site in the form of a ready-made “house kit” with project documentation by assembly.
disadvantages
- There is an opinion that main disadvantage of this technology is thin walls". Many consumers even have the feeling that you can easily break through such a wall with almost a fist. But this is unreasonable, because the materials for the installation of ceilings and cladding are very plastic, and they withstand shock.
- There is also an opinion that a low service life compared to buildings made of stone and brick is ensured if used for the production of galvanized steel thermal profiles general purpose(Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), данный недостаток сводится к минимуму, если в качестве сырья использовать сталь с цинковым покрытием в 25 микрон (Zn >350 g/sq.m.).
- In Russia, the declared quality of structures does not always correspond to the real one. Often, LSTC manufacturers underestimate the real quality characteristics of products in pursuit of a lower cost. Typical situations are reduced profile thickness, thinner layer of zinc (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.). Это прямо влияет на качество конструкции.
- Critical dependence of the customer on the manufacturer. Indeed, sometimes it turns out that the panel is not entirely accurately produced or negligent (forgotten "screw"), and problems may arise during the installation of the building.
- Lack of conclusions on the electromagnetic safety of living in buildings with metal frame, insufficient information on how such buildings react to electromagnetic radiation.
- The design and installation of buildings from LSTK should be carried out by highly qualified specialists. The cost of such mistakes can be high.
Video about LGSF technology
Basic swedish house
At the heart of each project is a basic residential building. Projects differ from each other only in the external environment of this basic house. Therefore, the base usually does not change. But they can change the configuration of its environment.
The foundation is monolithic, deepened by 1.5 m, reinforced concrete. Such a foundation is 7-8 times more expensive than shallow foam blocks or recently appeared screw piles. But these "screwed" foundations have practically no history of exploitation in Russia for construction frame houses. Reinforced concrete monolith is a time-tested solution, which, by the way, is used not only for frame houses, but also for brick houses.