Internal heating systems of apartment buildings. Individual heating in an apartment building - documents and installation rules

Heating apartment buildings, in most cases, is carried out according to a centralized scheme. New systems are constantly being developed and put into operation, which are more modern and technologically advanced, but it is the method of supplying heat to houses that has been proven over the years remains the most common and in demand.

Behind long time the use of centralized heating, it has proven its effectiveness and, with uninterrupted operation, has the right to exist.

This scheme differs from other options in that heat is produced outside the house and supplied to the apartment using complex system communications. This is a very complex mechanism, located on an impressive area and providing heating in many buildings at the same time.

It consists of several basic structural elements that depend on each other and function as a whole.

The first one is the heat source. These can be boiler houses or heat and power plants in which the heat carrier is heated. They differ from each other in that the heating of water, which is subsequently transferred to the consumer for space heating, is carried out in different ways.

In boiler houses, it heats up immediately, but in CHP plants it is first converted into a state of steam, and this steam is used to generate energy. This energy is already used to heat water, which is sent to the pipe system.

The next element is heating systems. They are an extensive pipeline through which hot water is transported to the consumer and the waste heat carrier is returned to the heat source.

It most often consists of steel pipes large diameter, from 1000 to 1400 mm. Heating networks can be laid both underground and on the surface, with mandatory thermal insulation.

Heat consumers are radiators located directly in apartment buildings and other buildings.

Central heating classification

Centralized systems, despite the single principle of operation, can be divided according to several criteria. Depending on the mode of use, they are divided into seasonal, operating exclusively in the cold season, and year-round, producing heat without interruption.

According to the type of heat carrier, the following types of central heating can be distinguished:

Water. It occurs most often when heating houses. The system is easy to use and allows you to supply heat over impressive distances. It is possible to increase or decrease the temperature in the heating network.
Air. In addition to heating buildings, it is used for ventilation interior spaces. Due to expensive installation and operation, it is quite rare.
Steam. The most economical system compared to previous types. The pipes through which heat is circulated have a relatively small diameter, which simplifies their use. In most cases, such a scheme is found in industrial premises where water vapor is needed.

Systems can be open, in which hot water comes from heating networks, and closed, in which it is taken from a common water supply with subsequent heating.

Pros and cons of a centralized heating system

There are a number of advantages of such a heat supply scheme. residential buildings:

The use of district heating does not require large financial costs.
A clear system of control and regular checks has been developed, carried out by specialized services. This circumstance ensures the reliability of the system and reduces the risk of problems with the circulation of hot water.
This method is the most environmentally friendly.
The system is easy to use.

However, it is worth noting a number of some disadvantages:

Almost always, heating is supplied according to a clear schedule and consumers do not have the opportunity to influence these terms.
There are no ways to adjust the temperature directly in the living quarters.
Pressure drops can often occur.
While hot water is in the heating network, its temperature may decrease. Especially often such situations arise when the consumer is at a considerable distance from the boiler room.
Thermal equipment and its installation are expensive.

Individual heating

In multi-apartment residential buildings some residents organize heating systems for their apartments that are independent of municipal services. Also, similar methods of heat supply are often used in private homes.

The heat source in this case is either located in the building itself, in a separate room, or nearby, in a specially equipped small building.

This location is due to the fact that there is a need for constant temperature control in the heating system. It is most expedient to equip one autonomous boiler room, from which the whole house or microdistrict will receive heat.

This solution has many advantages. Residents of a house in which an individual heating system is installed pay only for the amount of energy that was spent.

There is also no risk that the heating will suddenly turn off, and the degree of heating of the radiators can be adjusted depending on weather conditions. The consumers themselves will start and end the heating season. This decision will not depend on utilities.

There are statistics according to which an autonomous heating system for residential buildings is up to three times more economical than heating buildings using a centralized boiler house. Therefore, this method of supplying hot water to radiators located in apartments is much more profitable for the consumer.

How to switch to autonomous heat supply

AT apartment building the transition to individual heat supply and the creation of its own boiler house is carried out after a general house meeting.

After a positive decision is made by a majority of votes, it is necessary to proceed with the registration necessary papers, purchase of equipment and, after obtaining permits, to the installation of the structure.

If the location of the boiler room was foreseen in the house in advance, then there should be no problems with the documentary side of the issue. Otherwise, more time and effort may be required.

First you need to purchase a heating boiler with a closed combustion chamber. If periodically there are problems with the supply of hot or cold water, then it is necessary to install a hot water circuit.

The type of boiler can be any. The most optimal solution is to install a model made of polypropylene. In any case, it is important to consider the features of the house. You must not forget about shutoff valves, which regulates the circulation of hot water.

Radiators

There are several options for connecting radiators to the heat supply system, providing hot water circulation to all radiators in the apartments.

The single-pipe scheme is low cost, but it is not always appropriate to install it. This method is designed for heating small rooms.

The two-pipe scheme is the most common, it allows you to organize the circulation of water in such a way that it will always be hot in the coolant and directly in the radiators, and the cooled water will be discharged through the return channel, the so-called "return".

It is also worth noting another important advantage - a two-pipe water circuit allows you to adjust the temperature in the radiators by installing thermostats, which ensures that the required level of battery heating in each apartment is maintained individually.

There is also a radial method of piping. Its main advantage is that radiant heating allows you to adjust the temperature of each radiator separately. This contributes to serious fuel savings in the boiler room and, as a result, to a reduction in financial costs.

Required documentation

Paperwork is the most difficult part of the transition to heating system which takes quite a lot of time.

It is necessary to collect and prepare a lot of various documents and certificates, and the decision itself can be delayed for quite a long time.

It is necessary to carefully study the list of required papers, since in each case the package of documents that must be provided is purely individual. Like obtaining any other permit, this process can require a huge investment of not only time, but also effort.

But all efforts will not be in vain, because the installation of an individual boiler room after obtaining permission will have a serious positive influence on the condition of the house as a whole, not to mention the serious savings that an autonomous heating system of a residential building will provide.

On average, the entire procedure for processing documents takes a month and a half, but this period can be extended, it all depends on the work of various services. Therefore, it is best to prepare papers in advance, long before the onset of cold weather, in order to have time to switch to new system. It is not worth taking risks and delaying this decision, since few of the residents will be pleased with the prospect of being left without heating in the winter.

Summarizing all of the above, it should be noted that individual heating systems are much more beneficial for residents of houses than centralized ones.

They allow you to control the amount of energy that is consumed in the production of heat, and regulate the temperature level in heating networks. Many new buildings have their own boiler room.

Owning an apartment in the city is a luxury item. It is also comfort and coziness for its owners, as city apartment is the most common place to live among modern citizens. It should be noted that an important role in creating a comfortable environment in such an apartment is good system heating. Heating scheme high-rise building is a very important detail for any person.

AT modern life such a scheme has many design differences from conventional heating methods. Therefore, heating schemes for a three-story house and more guarantee effective heating of the walls even in the most unpredictable weather.

Features of heating an apartment in a multi-storey building

After carefully reading the instructions for the heating scheme of a multi-storey building, you can make sure that all norms and requirements must be observed without fail.

In any apartment there should be appropriate heating, raising the air temperature to 22 degrees and keeping the humidity in the room within 40%.

Heating system diagram apartment building provides for its competent installation, due to which it is possible to achieve such a temperature and humidity.

In the process of designing such a heating scheme, highly qualified specialists should be invited who will be able to qualitatively calculate all the necessary aspects for work. They must also ensure that uniform pressure of the coolant is maintained in the pipes. Such pressure should be the same both on the first and on the last floor.

Main Feature modern system heating of a multi-storey building is manifested in the work on superheated water. This coolant comes from the CHP and has a very high temperature - 150C with a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres. Steam is formed in the pipes due to the fact that the pressure in them rises greatly, which also contributes to the transfer of heated water to the last houses of the high-rise building. Also the heating scheme panel house assumes a considerable return temperature of 70C. In the warm and cold seasons, the water temperature can vary greatly, so exact values will depend solely on the characteristics of the environment.

As you know, the temperature of the coolant in the pipes that are installed in a multi-storey building reaches 130C. But the batteries are so hot modern apartments simply does not exist, but all due to the fact that there is a supply line through which heated water passes, and the line is connected to the return line using a special jumper called the "elevator unit".

The heating system of a multi-storey building, the scheme, which is the most efficient, in any case, should provide for the presence of an elevator unit.

Such a scheme has many features, since such a node is designed to perform certain functions. The coolant with a high temperature must enter the elevator unit, which performs the main function of heat exchange. The water reaches a high temperature and with the help of high pressure passes through the elevator to inject the coolant from the return. In parallel, water is also supplied from the pipeline for recirculation, which occurs in the heating system.

Such a 5-storey building is the most efficient, therefore it is actively installed in modern multi-storey buildings.

This is how heating in an apartment building looks like, the scheme of which provides for the presence of an elevator unit. On it you can see many valves that play an important role in heating and uniform heat supply.

As a rule, such valves are manually adjusted without problems. But the adjustment of valves, as a rule, is carried out only by highly qualified specialists who work in public services.

When installing heating in an apartment building, the scheme should also provide for the presence of such valves at all possible points so that in the event of an accident it is possible to shut off the flow of hot water or reduce pressure. This is also facilitated by various collectors and other equipment that operates in automatic mode. Therefore, this technique provides greater heating performance and efficiency of its supply to the last floors.

A large number of multi-storey buildings have single-pipe heating systems that involve lower wiring. It is worth noting that the design of the high-rise building itself and many other aspects that may affect the heating scheme are also taken into account.

Depending on these aspects, the coolant can be supplied both from top to bottom and from bottom to top. Some houses have special risers that act as a supplier of hot water up and cold down. Therefore, in many apartments they install cast iron batteries which are very resistant to temperature extremes.

A significant part of residential and utility rooms is heated centrally, despite the variety of other options. First of all, heating schemes for multi-storey buildings are relevant in the construction of entire microdistricts and small settlements. One boiler house is able to provide heat a large number of objects.

Benefits of Centralized Networks

A distinctive feature of such systems is the location of boiler equipment in a separate building. The coolant is delivered through pipelines that are laid directly along the street to each facility.

Such networks are not arranged with their own hands, since the amount of work being done is very large.

Any heating scheme for a multi-storey building is well thought out by specialists, so serious failures rarely occur.
The operation of such systems is usually carried out on fuel, the price of which is low.
A centralized heating network, as a rule, is serviced by special services, which means that there is no need for performance monitoring.
With this option, it is not necessary to place the boiler within the dwelling, which saves space.

Note!
As for the minuses, they include the functioning of the system according to a certain schedule and the inability to carry out individual settings temperature regime.

Approximate system structure

Centralized heating in terms of device practically does not differ from autonomous systems. However, the cross section of pipelines in this case is much larger, and the equipment installed in the boiler room is much more complicated.

The heating source is large and small boiler houses, as well as special thermal power plants.. In the first case, the coolant acquires a given temperature directly during the combustion of the fuel. In another embodiment, heat is provided by steam. In addition, thermal power plants are capable of generating electricity.
With the help of a network of pipelines, the coolant is transported to the facilities. The diameter of the input and output elements usually reaches 1000 mm. As for laying, it can be done both on the ground and underground.
Heating equipment provides the ability to transfer heat to rooms. They act as the main instruments. They are installed in heated rooms.

Reference!
One thermal power plant (CHP) allows you to replace several small boilers, in connection with this, construction costs are reduced.
It also frees up a lot of space.

Basic classification methods

Any scheme of the heating system of a multi-storey building can belong to one category or another. Classification centralized systems can be done in several ways. You can learn more about them by reading the information below.

Depending on the type of coolant

Liquid networks are most widely used for heating multi-storey buildings. They allow you to deliver the coolant over long distances without a sharp deterioration in quality characteristics.
Steam systems are used much less often, but still occur. They allow you to produce with a smaller diameter. This option is mainly used where water vapor is required.

Based on connection method

Independent networks involve heating the coolant in a special heat exchanger.
Dependent systems involve providing heat directly through pipeline branches.

More about the device

To heat an apartment building centrally, it must be connected to a thermal route that runs from a CHP or boiler house. For this, inlet valves for thermal units are made in the main pipeline.

Immediately after the locking elements, mud collectors are installed, which are necessary for the precipitation of salts and metal oxides. Thanks to these devices, you can extend the operating period.

Directly in the house circuit, tie-ins for hot water are made. After them, the main unit should be located - the heating elevator.

System wiring

Usually, the heating scheme in an apartment building assumes the presence of one supply pipe with a lower or upper filling. It can diverge into a certain number of branches that are sent to the building from the basement or attic.

With the lower wiring, pairs of risers are combined using special jumpers located in the attic or top floor. An air vent must be installed at the top point.

Heating system with top filling implies installation on the technical floor expansion tank with air vent. The valves serve to cut off each riser from the common network.

The correct slope during the installation of pipelines makes it possible, when opening the air vents, to ensure the discharge of the coolant.

The branch with the top bottling has some features.

The temperature of the heating devices decreases with the advancement of the coolant down, so it will be lower on the lower floors. You can compensate for heat losses by installing additional sections of radiators.
Starting the system is quite simple, because for normal operation you only need to open special valves, as well as air vents for a certain time.
Draining the coolant from the risers is somewhat complicated, since it is necessary to first overlap on the technical floor. Only then does the reset open.

Important!
The heating system of multi-storey buildings is adjusted by changing the diameter of the elevator nozzle.
That is, when its size changes, the heating level increases or decreases.

Optimization process

When the coolant is delivered from the source to the heating devices, rather large heat losses occur, so certain measures must be taken to maintain the temperature regime.

In fact, there are only two ways out of this situation.

Installing equipment with higher efficiency improves the performance of the system.
Additional thermal insulation of pipelines can significantly reduce heat loss.

About the main cons

Any centralized system works according to a certain schedule, so during operation you have to adapt to it. In addition, it is impossible to independently adjust the temperature regime.
The cost of boiler equipment and pipelines is quite high, which means that if the work is carried out poorly, huge amounts of money can be spent.
Work on the installation of centralized heating is very time-consuming, therefore, in the event of an emergency, it will take quite a bit of time to fully or partially restore the system.
Periodic pressure drops in centralized network can reduce the heating efficiency to some extent.

As a conclusion

Above, an instruction was presented that considers the installation of heating systems in high-rise buildings so that apartment owners can assess the scale of the centralized network and its effectiveness. If necessary, a standalone branch can always be created that will support desired temperature in a residential area. More information on this topic can be found by watching a special video.

Due to the high cost of centralized heating, many people increasingly prefer autonomous heating, completely switching to individual heating devices. But many do not realize that an autonomous heating unit in an apartment building is calculated and arranged according to the same principle as the installation of a centralized heating main.

Immediately I would like to answer the question of interest to everyone, from what date the heating is turned on. This issue is decided by the authorities of the settlement or city.

According to the current schedule, the heating system of an apartment building is turned on under two conditions:

At the start of a certain period of the year. As a rule, heating in high-rise buildings starts working in the first half of October. And when it will be turned on, on the 1st or 15th, depends on the weather conditions.
Average daily temperature on the street is within the limits of up to 8 ° C and does not exceed this figure for five days.

It does not matter whether the temperature drops in October or September. In Salekhard, for example, the heating season begins already in the first ten days of September, while in the Crimea, even at the end of October, heating is not always turned on.

If you think that individual system heating in an apartment of a multi-storey building has a lot of differences from a centralized one, then you are deeply mistaken. Of course, there are some differences between them, but they are not as fundamental as between a multi-storey building and a private household.

So, how is the heating system in an apartment building? During the construction of the structure, a heating main is laid, on which a certain number of thermal valves are mounted. These are nothing more than thermal circuits, so their number is closely related to the number of risers in the structure.

Next, the system is equipped with a mud collector. Sometimes two such structural parts are installed at once. If the design of the heating system in an apartment building is carried out according to the Khrushchev type, then the scheme in this case involves equipping the hot water supply with sliding elements. They are necessary in case of an unforeseen descent of fluid from the line. Gate valves of this type are mounted by tie-in. There are two methods for installing this feature:

to the coolant supply pipeline;
to the return circuit.

Some difficulties in installation and the use of a huge number of components and parts when installing a heating system in an apartment building are caused by the fact that hot water circulates through it as a coolant, the temperature of which can reach 80 ° C, and sometimes even higher.

Through a certain hydraulic pressure in the thermal circuit, the liquid is not converted into steam, but gradually gives up its energy to the heating devices.

What is return used for?

When the coolant has a critically high temperature, it becomes necessary to use liquid from the return. This is due to the fact that on the circuits through which the cooled heat carrier is returned, the pressure is an order of magnitude lower than on the supply pipeline. As soon as the water temperature drops to acceptable level, the liquid again enters the system from the supply section.

In fairness, I would like to pay attention to one important detail: often, thermal units are located in small areas, to which only employees of public utilities have access. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to avoid emergency situations and accidents. After all, if unauthorized actions are applied to the heating of an apartment building, for example, by children or people who are poorly versed in this matter, then this can end very badly. Well, if only the heating in the apartment building stops working. It is much worse if a stream of hot water splashes on a nearby person.

Why batteries are often barely warm

Of course, many are interested in the question why, at a sufficiently high temperature of the coolant in the main, radiators in most cases remain slightly warm? The answer is simple: the heating risers in an apartment building are equipped with elements that protect the circuit from overheating and, as a result, from its deformation.

The second question immediately arises: why warm the water to a critical point, if all the same its heat does not go to heat the room? Everything is even simpler here: the coolant is heated at thermal power plants, which are located far from your homes. So, if the water warms up to 40 ° C, which is necessary to warm up residential buildings, then by the time it reaches your house through a centralized highway, its temperature will drop by 20 degrees. Ultimately, your batteries will generally be cold.

Appointment of the elevator node

Many of you are probably hearing this term for the first time. Although this is nothing more than an injector that is included in any piping of a multi-storey building. It is into this structural element that heated water is pumped from a centralized line. In addition, by means of the elevator unit, the return coolant is injected, after which it begins to actively circulate through thermal circuit, giving its energy to the heating device and pipeline. In this unit, hot water is mixed with cold water from the return to the temperature that we feel when touching the radiators.

On the back, before elevator nodes usually have shut-off valves. With the help of such structural elements, in the event of an emergency, one or another stand can be turned off without damage to the heating system of the entire structure.

Recently, in order to save money, people began to equip heating circuits with meters. Thanks to such devices, it is possible to monitor not only the temperature of the coolant, but also the amount of heat consumed by a certain section of the house. In most cases, meters are installed in the amount of one device per house. Less often, people equip individual entrances with such devices. This allows you to more accurately calculate the consumption of thermal energy.

The principle of tying the heat main

Most of the multi-storey buildings have a single-loop piping. What does it mean? The heating scheme of an apartment building in this case is a single (for a single entrance) heat main. The coolant supply of a single-circuit scheme is carried out both from the bottom up and from the top down.

The top-down coolant supply device provides a 20% reduction in heat loss compared to another option for supplying heated fluid to radiators. That is why in multi-storey buildings on the upper floors it is always warmer than on the lower ones.

As for determining the area of \u200b\u200bheaters, then remove everything much easier. So, according to SNiP, it is necessary to spend about 100 watts to heat 1 sq.m. Knowing the quadrature of the room and the heat transfer of the radiators (a bimetallic battery for 8 sections produces no more than 120 W), you can independently calculate how many sections are needed in order to heat the structure.

Many of us are greatly mistaken when they say that the higher the building, the more complicated and confusing is the scheme for tying it with a thermal circuit. Regardless of how many floors the building has - 5 or 55, the principle of organizing heat supply is the same. It is not as complicated as it seems at first glance, but quite effective. We hope that the information presented above helped you figure out how heating is arranged in an apartment building.

Video: How heating is supplied in an apartment building

AT Russian Federation for the most part, the heating systems of multi-storey buildings are centralized, that is, they operate from a thermal power plant or a central boiler house. But the water circuits themselves are mounted differently, that is, they can be made both single-pipe and two-pipe.

For passive users, this does not matter, but in the case of a major overhaul of an apartment with your own hands, you will have to learn how to understand these nuances.

Centralized heating systems

First, let's pay attention to the local or autonomous heating system, used mostly in the private sector and in rare cases (as an exception) in multi-storey buildings. In such cases, the boiler house is located directly in the building itself or near it, which allows for correct adjustment of the coolant temperature.

But the price of autonomy is quite high, so it is easier to build a thermal power plant or one powerful boiler house to heat an entire residential area with it. The coolant from the center is supplied through the main pipes heat points, from where it is already distributed among the apartments. Thus, at the TP it is possible to produce additional adjustment coolant supply using circulation pumps, that is, this principle of supply is called independent.

There are also dependent systems heating, as in the photo above, this is when the coolant enters the apartment radiators directly from the CHP or boiler house, without additional distribution. But the temperature of the water does not depend on whether there are distribution points or not. Such nodes basically serve as something like an additional circulation pump in an autonomous heating system.

It is also possible to divide systems into closed and open, that is, in closed system hot water supply, the heat carrier from the CHP or boiler room enters the distribution point, where it is separately supplied to the radiators, and separately to the hot water supply (hot water supply). such distribution is not provided, and the selection for hot water supply occurs directly from the main. Therefore, in open systems outside heating season provide tenants hot water impossible.

Connection types

It is not in your power to change the scheme of the centralized water circuit, therefore, the heating system of an apartment building can only be adjusted at the level of your apartment. Undoubtedly, there are situations when, in a single building, residents completely redo the system, but here the so-called “location to the area” comes into force, and the principles of heating with one or two pipes remain unchanged.

On this page you can also watch a video clip that will help you understand the topic.

Single pipe heating system

Single-pipe heating systems for apartment buildings, due to their economy, have many disadvantages, and the main one is a large heat loss along the way.
That is, water in such a circuit is supplied from the bottom up, getting into the radiators in each apartment and giving off heat, because the water cooled in the device returns to the same pipe. The coolant reaches the final destination already pretty cool, so complaints are often heard from the residents of the upper floors.

But sometimes such a system is simplified even more, trying to raise the temperature in, and for this they are cut directly into the pipe. It turns out that the radiator itself is a continuation of the pipe, as shown in the diagram below.

Only the first users benefit from such a connection, and the water gets even colder into the last apartments. In addition, the ability to adjust the radiators is lost, because by reducing the flow in a single battery, you reduce the water flow throughout the pipe.
It also turns out that during the heating season you will not be able to change the radiator without draining the water from the entire system, therefore, in such cases, jumpers are installed to turn off the device and direct water through them.
For ideal solution there will be an arrangement of radiators in size, that is, the first batteries should be the smallest and, gradually increasing, at the end you need to connect the largest devices. Such a distribution could solve the problem of uniform heating, but, as you understand, no one will do this.
It turns out that cost savings on installation heating circuit results in problems with the distribution of heat and, as a result, in complaints from residents about the cold in the apartments.

Two-pipe heating system

A two-pipe heating system in an apartment building can be open and closed, but it allows you to keep the coolant in the same temperature regime for radiators of any level. Take a look at the heatsink wiring diagram below and you'll see why.

In a two-pipe heating circuit, the cooled water from the radiator no longer returns to the same pipe, but is discharged into the return channel or into the "return". Moreover, it does not matter at all whether the radiator is connected from a riser or from a lounger - the main thing is that the temperature of the coolant remains unchanged throughout its entire route through the supply pipe.
An important advantage in a two-pipe circuit is the fact that you can regulate each battery separately and even install thermostatic taps on it to automatically maintain the temperature. Also in such a circuit, you can use devices with side and bottom connections, use dead-end and associated movement of the coolant.

DHW in the heating system

Hot heating systems in Russia for multi-storey buildings are mainly centralized, and water for hot water supply is heated by a heat carrier in central heating points. Hot water supply can be connected from a single-pipe or two-pipe heating circuit.
Depending on the number of pipes in the line (one or two), in the morning you can get either warm or cold water. For example, if you have single pipe system heating a multi-apartment 5-storey building, then opening hot tap, within the first 20-30 seconds you will get cold water out of it.

This is explained very simply - at night there is practically no analysis of hot water, and the water in the pipe cools down. When you open the faucet, water from the central heating system is supplied to your house, that is, a breakdown appears and the cooled water is drained until hot water appears. This disadvantage also causes water overspending, because you simply drain unnecessary cold water into the sewer.
In a two-pipe system, the circulation of water is continuous, so there are no such problems. But sometimes through DHW system they loop the riser with heated towel rails, then this results in a problem - they are hot even in summer!
Many people have a question, why does hot water disappear with the end of the heating season, and sometimes for a long time? The fact is that the instruction requires post-heating tests of the entire system, and this takes time, especially if you are in a damaged area. But here it is possible to characterize public utilities very positively, as they try by any means, even by changing the supply scheme, to provide citizens with hot water - after all, this is their income.
Also in the middle of summer heating system waiting for current and major repairs, when you have to turn off certain sections. With the onset of autumn, the repaired sections are being tested and some places may not withstand, and this is again a shutdown. Do not forget that the system is still centralized!

Radiators for centralized heating system

Many of us have become accustomed to cast iron radiators, installed since the construction of the house, and even, if the need arises, they are replaced with similar ones. For centralized heating systems, such batteries are good enough because they can withstand high pressure, so in the passport the battery has two digits, the first of which indicates the working pressure, and the second - the pressure test (test). For cast iron appliances, this is usually 6/15 or 8/15.

But in a nine-story building, the working pressure usually reaches 6 atmospheres, so the batteries described above are quite suitable, but in a 22-story building the pressure can reach 15 atmospheres, so devices made of steel or bimetal are more appropriate here. Only aluminum radiators are not suitable for central heating, as they will not withstand the operating state of the centralized circuit.

Recommendations. If you have started overhaul in the apartment and you also want to replace the radiators, then, if possible, replace the wiring pipes.
These ½ or ¾ inch pipes are probably also not in very good condition and it is better to use ecoplastic instead.
Steel and bimetallic (sectional or panel) radiators have narrower waterways than cast iron ones, so they can become clogged and lose power.
To prevent this from happening, put a regular filter on the water supply to the battery, which is installed in front of the water meter.

Conclusion

If the heating system of a multi-storey building does not live up to our expectations, then we often scold utilities or even a particular plumber, but in 99% of cases they do not deserve it. The main problems with heat arise from the design of the water circuit and service staff no longer able to change anything.

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