Which septic tank to choose for a private house. What should be a septic tank for a house with permanent residence? Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house

The owners of any country house, organizing an autonomous sewage system, have to solve the problem of which septic tank is better. The fact is that designs of this type are on sale in a wide variety, which imposes a certain difficulty on choosing the right option.

Essence of the question

A septic tank is a waterproof container, which includes one or more compartments (chambers). Like any other design, the treatment plant also has its own characteristics. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you have to study the options that are freely available and understand how they work. This will make it possible to make the right decision in the direction of a particular model.

Production material

Several criteria are used to classify septic tanks.

One of them is the type of material of manufacture:

• Reinforced concrete rings. These prefabricated structures are characterized by good reliability and resistance to corrosion. The disadvantages of products include their large mass, which implies the use of special mechanisms during installation.
• Monolithic concrete. Structures of this type are equipped in place by pouring concrete mortar, for which the formwork is first laid. Concrete is prepared at the place of work, or ordered at the nearest concrete goods.
• Brick or foam blocks. To do this, the bottom and walls of the excavated pit are intensively sealed with clay mortar or modern coating materials. Laying is carried out in the traditional way, with a shift in rows.
• Steel tanks. They are characterized by low cost and excellent resistance to mechanical stress. A serious disadvantage of steel products is their tendency to rust, which requires additional waterproofing work.
• Polymer materials. This type of septic tank for a private house is lightweight and belongs to the budget options. However, at low temperatures, the polymer becomes brittle and begins to crack. In addition, structures of this type are often damaged by rodents.
• fiberglass. These rugged, lightweight models are characterized by chemical resistance, which makes them practical and durable.

Regardless of what the septic tank is made of for a permanent residence, it is important to pay attention to its strength and tightness. Under no circumstances should internal effluents be released into the environment.

Purpose

According to the specifics of the function performed, septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are divided into three groups:

1. Cumulative. Structures of this type consist of a strong sealed container or paired communicating wells. A feature of the maintenance of storage septic tanks is the need for constant pumping of wastewater. To do this, you need to order a special machine with a barrel and a compressor.
2. Settling tanks. The complexes include soil post-treatment modules. Without them, the degree of waste purification does not exceed 70-75%. Sumps include one and several compartments. Recycling accumulations involves the separation of liquid from solid particles. All this is accompanied by fermentation, for which anaerobes are introduced into the composition of the liquid.
3. Deep biological treatment modules. These autonomous septic tanks for a private house consist of a set of compartments, which allows for a phased chemical, biological and mechanical decomposition of waste. Organic residues are so harmless that they can be removed directly into the pond or soil. See also: "Autonomous sewage for a private house - types, features of the device, selection rules".

Comparing septic tanks for a country house, first of all, they pay attention to the simplest storage-type structures. Their functioning is based on the gradual stratification of the waste that has got inside. As a result, more massive inclusions move to the bottom, and liquid runoff rises. The operation of settling tanks is also based on the natural separation of insoluble impurities from water: this is called the settling process.

To bring the separated liquid to a safe state, septic tanks for the cottage are equipped with infiltrators. In appearance, these are containers without a bottom, acting like aeration platforms. After getting into the waste infiltrators, they are additionally cleaned. Further, in transit through the soil filter, the liquid is brought out.

The choice of a deep cleaning septic tank involves the use of an integrated methodology that provokes a phased decomposition of waste. First, solid particles are precipitated, then organic substances are biorecycled. Further, the chemical module and the final filter are included in the work. A comparison of septic tanks shows that only deep cleaning units are able to bring the degree of purification to 95-98%. After clarification and antiseptic treatment, the processed masses are allowed to be released into the environment.

Best Options

When choosing a septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to focus on certain criteria. First of all, pay attention to the specifics of the home and the needs of the people living in it. The price of the device depends on the material of its manufacture, the capacity and number of design modules, the type of wastewater treatment technology used, and the use of additional devices.

What are the septic tanks for a private house by type of design and additional equipment:

• With compressors and drainage pumps.
• With filters and float gauges.
• With automatic controls.

Compressors are part of biological treatment complexes. Their task is to supply oxidizing oxygen flows to support the vital activity of aerobes. Drainage pumps stimulate the movement of wastewater inside the septic tank. They are also used to remove the purified liquid in cases where the main complex is below the discharge point.

Why factory models are better than homemade ones

To save money, some owners of suburban areas use tires, bricks or concrete rings to make septic tanks. To build such a structure, you have to spend enough time and effort. With your own hands, you can build not only the simplest drives, but also modular cleaners, consisting of a series of interconnected settling tanks. This makes it possible to achieve a fairly good water clarification.

However, in terms of practicality and efficiency, the best septic tank for a permanent residence is still a factory design. As a rule, products of this type are certified for compliance with building and environmental requirements.

Features of the soil and the depth of the passage of groundwater

In the process of finding the best septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the geological features of the area. For example, treatment facilities in combination with an infiltrator or an absorption shaft require the passage of groundwater 1 m below the cut of the potential bottom of the soil post-treatment complex. It is allowed to discharge the purified liquid into the surrounding space only if there is a layer of sand, gravel or pebbles below the post-treatment system. It can also be sandy plastic soils.

It makes no sense to apply post-treatment on clay soils. The fact is that the degree of water absorption by clay, loams and hard soils is almost at zero level. As a result, the drainage into the soil will stop, and the septic tank itself will flood with water. In such a situation, an additional water supply system is usually used, diverting effluents into ditches or centralized communications. In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth, the use of autonomous purification complexes encounters great difficulties. This also applies to areas where the groundwater level rises sharply during spring snowmelt or heavy rains.

There are the following types of septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater:

1. Sealed storage tanks. As they fill, it is necessary to carry out pumping and removal of wastewater.
2. VOCs. Pumps are used to pump the purified liquid.

The cheapest way to select a septic tank for a site with a high level of groundwater is to purchase a polymer container. It provides for biological treatment and further withdrawal of liquid into the storage tank.

There are two options for emptying the storage tank. If there is a central sewer line nearby, sewage can be pumped into it by means of a pump. In other cases, you have to invite for pumping out sewers. To do this, it is necessary to arrange in advance a convenient access to the location of the tank.

Characteristics of the septic tank

To determine the volume of the receiving block or section, it is necessary to start from the average daily norm of effluents per tenant. At the same time, they are guided by daily consumption with a standard set of plumbing - 200 l / 1 person. According to modern standards, the effluent collector must be able to accept the volume from each person in a three-day rate. If there are four people in the family, the capacity of the septic tank is calculated as 4x200x3 = 2.4 m 3. For those houses where guests are often received, the volume of the receiving capacity must be increased by 20-30%.

Modern septic tanks for a private factory-made house are usually marked with indications of the number of people they are able to serve. The optimal depth of the tank is considered to be 1.5-3 m. In cases where a tank of greater depth is used, additional obstacles may appear when pumping out accumulations of contents with a sewage machine.

Performance Degree

To choose the best septic tank for a country house, which would not fail and work flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account the type of dwelling and the performance of the device:

• Seasonal accommodation. In those dachas that are intended exclusively for relaxing on weekends and during the warm season, it makes no sense to mount expensive treatment facilities from several chambers. The best option for cases where the average daily volume of waste does not exceed 1 m 3 are single-chamber septic tanks of small capacity. The weight of compact complexes is quite small. This facilitates their transportation and installation measures for deepening into the pit. Such work can be done independently, without involving special equipment.
• permanent residence. If a country house is intended for year-round use, it is recommended to use complex septic tanks for a permanent residence 4 5. A good option are sedimentation tanks equipped with ground aftertreatment. First of all, this applies to areas with a low location of the groundwater level. To ensure good efficiency of individual sewage, it is recommended to use aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in its work. They are introduced into containers, which leads to the "eating" of organic matter. Thanks to the use of biological decomposition of wastewater, waste products are brought to the state of process water.

Deep cleaning modules are best installed in those cottages near which there are natural reservoirs. The fact is that after the procedure of deep purification, the effluents are so safe that they are allowed to be poured into rivers and lakes.

Domestic models

Russian manufacturers have been manufacturing autonomous septic tanks for country houses for several decades. During this period, a number of companies specializing in such products have appeared. Some models simply duplicate imported septic tanks from leading European brands. But in most cases, we are talking about really unique developments for filtering wastewater.

The name of domestically produced septic tanks, which are most popular:

• eurobion. A product of many years of development by the leading engineers of the Yubas production association. Complexes of this type incorporate innovative membranes manufactured using a unique technology. Thanks to the use of a rhythmic aerotank, the complexes can be used in the mode of long-term downtime of the sewerage system.
• Poplar. The manufacturer of this reliable septic tank is the Eco-Grand company. The device is characterized by very high-quality cleaning (up to 99%). Thanks to the introduction of original production schemes that open access to the primary chamber, the procedure for maintaining departments has been simplified. To extract large sewer waste outside, the help of specialists is not required.
• Aster. Complexes from the Unilos trademark, capable of producing a level of purification from harmful inclusions up to 75%. The company is represented on the market by several developments designed for a different number of consumers. For additional equipment of the module, a compressor is used, which makes it possible to carry out filtration in several stages. After passing through all stages of treatment, wastewater can be discharged into the environment.
• Tank. Brand of septic tanks from the company "Triton-plastic". The model line of this manufacturer consists of devices of various capacities, from compact tanks for 600 l / day, to powerful stations for 1200 l / day. Their characteristics coincide with those of standard multi-stage complexes for the processing of waste products.
• Triton. This product is also owned by the Triton-plastic company. There are several modifications of this development on the market. They are distinguished by the shape of the tanks and cleaning methods. Models of the "micro" and "mini" categories have a capacity of 450 and 750 liters, and the tanks marked "H" and "T" are designed for the processing of wastewater in volumes from 10,000 liters.
• Tver. A septic tank with pumping out for a private house from the Engineering Equipment trademark. An integrated approach includes the use of both mechanical and biological methods. The modular line has a four-level method of clarification of waste products. The productivity of the station is at the level of 750-1500 m3/day.
• Topas. Models of this type are characterized by low consumption of electrical energy. Thanks to the use of four sections, the degree of wastewater treatment reaches 98%.

In the process of solving the problem of which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of the Triton-plastic company. They are distinguished by a significant thickness of the body walls and the use of stiffeners. As a result, the structure is able to resist large external influences. This is very valuable, taking into account the realities of the climate of some Russian regions, with their characteristic frosty heaving of the soil and sharp temperature changes. Such structures are protected from floating during the spring snowmelt, when the groundwater level rises sharply. When installing structures of this type, you can not use special concrete and metal weighting agents.

One of the best septic tanks for the home is the development of the production association "Leader". We are talking about a whole complex consisting of polypropylene sections: three-stage filtration is used inside this type of equipment. We are talking about mechanical, aerobic and biofiltration treatment, which makes it possible to discharge liquid into natural reservoirs.

Among the most popular septic tanks are the Rostok treatment plants from the EcoProm company. This company has long specialized in the manufacture of anaerobic complex stations, and has achieved a lot of success in this field. However, it should be borne in mind that these devices are able to produce a degree of purity of waste at the level of 65-70%. In order to bring the effluents to acceptable levels for discharge into the environment, it is recommended to use drainage tunnels.

Each of the septic tanks mentioned in this review has a set of individual characteristics, which allows the buyer to choose the best option for himself. In addition to the volume of tanks, performance and cleaning method, the cost of treatment plants is of great importance. Another great advantage of factory complexes is the possibility of their additional completion through the docking of additional modules. This stimulates an increase in the volume and productivity of the treatment complex.

Outcome

In the absence of a centralized sewage system in a private house, there is only one way out - to acquire an autonomous sewage disposal system. There is no single answer to the question of which septic tank is the best. Much depends on the purpose of the house and the number of people living in it. So, for dwellings with permanent residence, it is desirable to use full-fledged treatment facilities with a multi-stage filtration system. The effluents that have passed through such a complex are allowed to be discharged into the nearest reservoir or ditch.

As for seasonal dachas, in the process of searching for which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the simplest settling tanks. To save money, such structures, resembling cesspools, are equipped by the owners of the dacha. For this, concrete rings, bricks or used tires are most often used. However, the most reliable septic tanks are fiberglass factory models that are not afraid of frost heaving and spring floods.

When a residential building is being built, then sewage is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device, household drains are first settled, then they are processed by special microorganisms, and then the drains are filtered. A huge selection of bio cleaners poses pressing questions for consumers, which is the best septic tank for giving with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

Bioseptics are a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewer system of a private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewer, that is, near country houses of non-permanent residence and country houses.

It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, you need to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help you pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. So let's see how this design works:

1. Wastewater flows through sewer pipes into the first chamber, where it settles. Heavy impurities settle to the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
2. Then, after the primary settling, the effluents enter the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio-bacteria.
3. In the third chamber, wastewater is finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a house of permanent or temporary residence, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous purification stations of this type carry out complete water purification, freeing from the need to build filtration fields.

What are the types of septic tanks?

There are many types of local septic tanks that can be used to treat the effluents of a private house: from the simplest do-it-yourself structures to autonomous installations that allow you to purify wastewater to almost 100%.

Treatment plants are classified according to different criteria:

• by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
• according to the material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
• by design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of implemented functions:

1. Cumulative. Such a utilizer consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. Effluent in a sealed vessel is divided into liquid and solid fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. So that the tanks do not overflow, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house, where they rest only on weekends.
2. Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bio-activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a seasonal residential building, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
3. Station for deep purification of sewage masses. This is a tank with three chambers, in which sewage decomposes in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions is biorecycled. The best models of septic tanks of this type are equipped with a compressor. Installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent home. Pumping out will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

In order for the closed sewer system to work more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for it, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove the ventilation pipe from the post-treatment chamber or connect an air compressor, then you will get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, it is necessary to add special microorganisms to it, which process organic substances with the access of oxygen.

Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms makes it possible to purify waste to the state of process water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is made of bricks, concrete rings or tires. However, such a cleaner is only acceptable for a house with seasonal or periodic residence. For long and safe use, it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased version complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.

At the same time, it is not advisable to purchase the most expensive treatment plants, which allow you to drain purified water directly into a reservoir, for private use, but for several households it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity utilizer. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary purification, and the second one filters the liquid and drains it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations use:

1. ZHB rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings are not subject to corrosion for a long time, have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
2. Plastic. Reservoirs made of various polymers are light in weight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept upright at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
3. Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the greatest strength, as well as affordable cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and out. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
4. Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

• for sandy soil, it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water immediately merges into the sand. The filtration field is recommended to be placed higher;
• in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome the sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
• in the case of a high line of surface water deposits, the best solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?

The capacity of the waste disposal unit is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters

If guests often come to a country cottage, then the result is increased by 2/3:

2400 * 1.66 \u003d 3900 liters.

The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the final result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a cottage with occasional residence

If households visit the home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber utilizers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sandy layers-filters are poured into such drives, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport norms, then such a design perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
• after the processing of organic waste, the water settles and is purified in the well, after which it enters the soil;
• storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature extremes;
• compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause trouble with unloading;
• You can install such a utilizer alone, but it is better to do it together.

Recommendations for selection for a permanent residence

For an average family that permanently lives in a country house, the best option would be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber drive and a septic tank filter. The first two containers (settlers) are airtight, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before descending into the soil.

If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewage services, bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit to choose for a house with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out as little as possible?

A good option in the presence of a high boundary for the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This factory. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:

• sump;
• an anaerobic chamber for the decomposition of large waste;
• separator with a filter with bacteria;
• aerobic septic tank (similar to the drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of ​​​​not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that it offers, and the consumer will face the problem of choosing the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the ranking of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such tanks work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.

1. Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle of pre-treatment of wastewater by settling, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of treated water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, which contributes to the resistance to increased loads in summer and winter. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the capacity once a year.
2. Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of biomaterial, followed by the supply of purified waste water to the filtration site. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
3. BARS-Bio. The optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment plants with a high degree of efficiency.

1. Tver. This design provides complex wastewater treatment through a multi-chamber system for receiving and treating large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank resists corrosion, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
2. Leader. The unit of six chambers provides complex purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete cleaning of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line imitating algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping - once every 5 years.
3. Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high-passing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effect of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.

All of the listed models of autonomous septic tanks for private houses have adequately proven themselves in the field of wastewater treatment, they have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.

Owners of private houses often face the problem of wastewater disposal due to the lack of a centralized sewerage system outside the city. For a long time, the only way out was to dig a cesspool, but using it is quite inconvenient and costly. Now they are mainly trying to mount an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - septic tanks for summer cottages, but still which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.

Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will analyze in detail the question of which septic tank is right for you and discuss the best options based on the tasks that it must solve.

Cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly Source: www.saran.kar.diego.kz

What are septic tanks and what are they

Some mistakenly call a septic tank a complete set of treatment equipment. In fact, this is only a part of the treatment plant, which acts as a reservoir and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.

There are quite a few varieties of septic tanks, and each of them has its pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, it is necessary to take into account on what soil the country house stands, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.

Video description

Briefly about septic tanks on video:

Also, even at the initial stage, it is necessary to decide on the type of device - to purchase a non-volatile septic tank or in which a forced supply of effluents (volatile) is organized. The first by and large are ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical wastewater treatment, and the second are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which the output is process water purified by 95-98%.

Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for industrial water Source delfin.one

It is possible to correctly decide which septic tank to choose - for year-round use or able to work effectively even with periodic supply of effluents, you can do it yourself, since there is enough information. Many turn to the help of the Internet for such queries as the rating of septic tanks for a country house in 2017, to get acquainted with the various ratings of septic tanks. But if there are doubts about the correctness of the choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select the appropriate option, tailored to the solution of specific problems.

Cleaning steps

Wastewater goes through several stages of treatment in a septic tank:

Stage of accumulation and settling. This stage consists in collecting waste in a special container, where it is separated into fractions by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles in the form of sediment fall to the bottom, fatty deposits float to the surface, and vapors (carbon dioxide and methane) are removed through ventilation to the outside. At this stage, there is a partial stratification of wastewater, which is then sent to the next tank;

Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to clean the mixture up to about 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, the sorbent has to be washed and reactivated annually to work correctly;

Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks Source mendig.ru

Solid deposits settled in the tanks are pumped out or removed mechanically.

Operating principle

Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without air access) and aerobic (decomposition involving bacteria that need oxygen for life).

Septic tanks have an anaerobic mechanism of action, which act as a storage tank or sump. Such purification systems, without installing additional equipment, carry out only primary clarification of wastewater and require their frequent pumping by a sewage machine.

Important! According to sanitary standards, the discharge of liquid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.

This option is suitable for rarely visited cottages or private houses with a small number of residents. The cost of such a structure is low, the installation does not require much effort, and the operation does not require a constant flow of effluents into the chambers.

The principle of operation of an anaerobic septic tank Source domvpavlino.ru

Often colonies of active bacteria are added to such septic tanks, which help to filter effluent better than with conventional anaerobic treatment.

The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local biological treatment plants. In such septic tanks colonies of aerobic bacteria are settled, which effectively purify wastewater.

Unlike anaerobic crops, they reproduce rapidly, have a wide variety of species, and are more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster, and the output water is practically non-toxic.

For the normal functioning of these septic tanks, the installation of aerators is required, which will supply the oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. Also, aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, then the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be planted again.

Obviously, the best septic tank for a country house is aerobic. But it all depends on the budget, as this type of treatment plant is more expensive.

The scheme of operation of the septic tank for aerobic treatment Source rinnipool.ru

What materials are septic tanks made of?

An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering a finished septic tank, it is made of polymeric materials.

In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:

Metal constructions. Rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;

Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires a lot of money and time. It is mainly used in the construction of septic tanks with their own hands;

Fiberglass structures are the most suitable and frequently used material.

Also, septic tanks can be made from improvised materials (barrels, tires) on their own, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.

Homemade small septic tanks for summer cottages - from tires and concrete rings Source gameasphalt.ru

You can save on the purchase of a cleaning plant by placing an order at the factory. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.

Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks

According to the degree of their autonomy, cleaning systems are divided into:

Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are settling tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations need periodic pumping of waste by a sewage machine. They have a low degree of purification and require additional ground filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a piece of land. The positive aspects include low cost and independence from electricity;

Volatile septic tanks are the exact opposite of non-volatile structures. Due to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems goes through a full cycle of processing and purification, which eliminates the need for maintenance. The disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During the absence of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank acts as a sump.

The pump and aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank. Source bidinvest.ru

Criteria for choosing a cleaning system for a country house

Before choosing a suitable septic tank, the following aspects must be considered:

The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;

The material from which the septic tank is made determines its wear resistance and resistance to aggressive influences;

The relief of the area where the installation of the structure will be carried out and the height of groundwater;

The complexity of installing a sewage treatment system - septic tanks with a filtration field are leading in terms of installation costs, and biological treatment plants are the most profitable in this regard - their capacity just needs to be buried in the ground;

Own budget.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers for country houses. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

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Popular prefabricated septic tanks

To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:

Rostock mini

A simple and reliable option for private homes. A capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for stable sewerage operation when two people live in a house.

Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in the section Source stroychik.ru

It is completely made of polymer material without the use of metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece cast design of the cleaning system allows you to achieve complete tightness. Installation of this model of a septic tank will not cause difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and has the shape of a cylinder. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil during the pumping of the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;

Aster

This model of the cleaning system is very popular in the Russian market. It can be attributed to the premium types of septic tanks. Such structures are made of polymeric materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs high-level wastewater treatment, thanks to the presence of filters of anaerobic and aerobic mechanism of action. The option is designed for country houses, where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a cleaning system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Astra" Source apriltime.ru

bioxi

It is a high-quality non-volatile septic tank made of polymeric materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It has performance and throughput performance similar to the Astra model. This cleaning system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pump unit that flushes the channels in automatic mode. The disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;

Installation of a septic tank "Bioxi" Source instazu.com

This cleaning system is designed to serve no more than 4 people. It is made from sheet polymeric materials. Having average performance indicators, it is able to pass through itself about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it a high degree of filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is at around 2 meters and deeper. However, the model range allows you to choose the right option for any area. The combination of price and quality allows the DKS sewer system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;

The scheme of operation of the septic tank "DKS" Source koffkindom.ru

Leader

The septic tank has a compact size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to the four-chamber structure, each of which undergoes a certain processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires system cleaning once a year. The throughput is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost - from 75,000 - 200,000 rubles;

Delivery of the septic tank "Leader" Source gameasphalt.ru

Tank

This septic tank is endowed with a specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after the installation of a country septic tank. Purification sewerage type "Tank" is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not need to be pumped out by a sewage machine, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the Tank septic tank is in great demand. The installation of the system is carried out manually and does not require pouring the base of the pit with concrete. It is intended both for seasonal use at dachas, and constant operation of country houses. Price - 40-80 thousand rubles;

The septic tank "Tank" has a specific recognizable form Source belydom.ru

Tver

It is made of durable polymer materials, which reduces the weight of the entire structure, and stiffening ribs add reliability to it. A feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires connection to electricity. Does not need constant care. This septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. The disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 - 140,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Tver" Source stroyka-electro.ru

Topas

One of the leaders in the market of cleaning systems, from the company "EcoDom". It stands out with a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of colonies of microorganisms as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and a rectangular body shape, which facilitates its installation. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The construction does not require frequent maintenance and pumping out waste with a sewage machine. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and cottages, as well as large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;

What is needed for the installation of a septic tank "Topas" Source septiksm.ru

Poplar

In the manufacture of used polymeric materials that are resistant to temperature changes. Septic tanks of this type have a long service life, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system tanks is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is the dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price of the Topol septic tank is 70,000 - 170,000 rubles;

Two-block septic tank "Poplar" Source barakyat.com

Triton

It is made of a double layer of polymeric material that is not susceptible to corrosion and decay products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It has a long service life, a high degree of sewage treatment and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: requires the installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters. Ideal for a small country house. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 - 85,000 rubles;

Three-chamber septic tank "Triton" Source remontik.org

Ecoline

Manufactured from special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type have a high efficiency of wastewater treatment. The volume of models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal operation by a small group of people and permanent residence in a country house. Has a reliable and strong design of a cylindrical form. Such a cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. The model range is represented by designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the right option for any need. The cost of Ecoline is 55,000 rubles;

Double-hull septic tank "Ecoline" Source gidroguru.com

Elgad C 1400

The best model from the "mini" class, which is ideal for seasonal use in summer cottages. It has a compact size and a stable design. The capacity of this sewer system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed to serve up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is covered with a layer of anti-corrosion agent. Despite the tightness and integrity of the design, such a cleaning system does not retain unpleasant odors well. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.

Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications Source steklotorgopt.ru

This is not a complete rating of septic tanks for the home - there are still quite a few models of such devices, both domestic and foreign, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.

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A few more words about the choice of a septic tank on the video:

Conclusion

Depending on the budget, you can make a cleaning system yourself from improvised means, or order a ready-made version from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option of studying the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always the right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.

A properly selected and correctly installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for a comfortable stay in a country house.

A practical and successful version of the sewerage device on its site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its intended purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities on the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer in these matters confused. A local installation is included in the sewer system and is used to collect, settle and purify polluted waters from a dwelling. For an ordinary country house, they are of the following types:

Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, eurocube, etc.;

Settling tanks with post-treatment through the ground;

Installations for deep cleaning.

When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).

Types of septic tanks for a country house

Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures were more popular, which were assembled in stages. Cleaning systems made of metal were also used. Today, wastewater treatment most often occurs with the help of ready-made plastic installations. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on the performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.

1. By type of filtration

   
   

2. By material

3. By shape

   
   

4. By location

   Underground - a more common version of the design, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site is not affected.

   The ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground version due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.

What to consider when choosing a septic tank

In order to choose the right and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.

Best option: resume

To correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and make the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always an appropriate construction option in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantee of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best option for a sewer tank will allow you to build a high-quality sewer system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.

Living in an apartment and having access to a central sewer, we most often do not think about how the human waste disposal system is arranged and organized. But in the case of building a private, detached house, the question that sounds like “choosing the best septic tank for a country house” takes one of the leading places in creating comfortable living conditions.

Choosing the best septic tank

It is most convenient to divide septic tanks intended for installation in a private housing stock into types depending on:

• operating principle:
• materials that were used in its production;
• shape of containers and methods of installation and installation.

In general, in a country house or a capital private house, it is quite possible to install any type of septic tank, from the simplest accumulative to complex systems that carry out complete cleaning. The choice of a septic tank depends only on your financial capabilities and personal requirements and wishes for the operation of this system.

Storage (cesspool) tanks

This septic tank for a country house is simply a more perfect cesspool. All waste enters a sealed chamber, where it is separated into fractions (heavy remains at the bottom, light - on the surface).

This is the simplest system that does not require complex manipulations during installation and installation, it does its job perfectly, but it has one significant drawback. This is the need for frequent cleaning with a cesspool. For this reason, storage tanks perform best when installed in houses with a small number of residents (1-2, maximum four people) and where people do not live all year round.

Otherwise, it is better to look at more complex systems that provide some self-cleaning.

Overflow septic tanks

These systems are settling tanks with soil post-treatment of wastewater. They are designed not only for the collection and accumulation of waste, but also for partial processing and cleaning.

Overflow septic tanks are designed for houses with permanent residence with moderate water consumption. The services of a sewer during the operation of these systems will need to be used much less frequently, a maximum of two to three times a year.

How does an overflow septic tank work?

They consist of two chambers, one of which receives house drains, and the other plays the function of a sump.

After separation into fractions in the first chamber, liquid waste enters the second. In it, with the help of special bacteria, cleaning and partial processing of organic substances takes place. The water here is purified up to 70%.

In the future, this water can be used for watering household plants or simply discharged into a reservoir. Before being discharged, the water must necessarily undergo additional purification, flowing through a special rock. You can equip it with gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand. Such a breed will work on the principle of a mechanical purification filter, and almost pure water will enter the reservoir.

This type of septic tank has several distinct advantages:

• it is very easy to maintain and install;
• has a long duration of action;
• most of the effluent is recycled within the system.

But besides the pros, there are also cons. An overflow septic tank for a house cannot be installed in clay soil, which will not allow normal water discharge due to its very low throughput. Also, if the first aquifer is not deep, then this can also create problems when organizing a treatment system.

Biochemical septic tanks

These septic tanks are systems for deep biological waste processing. A septic tank is great for a permanent home and is able to process large volumes of incoming wastewater, it can purify water by almost 100%.

Structurally, they consist of three chambers:

• the first chamber is designed to separate incoming substances from house drains;
• in the second chamber, biological purification of water takes place with the help of bacteria;
• and the third chamber is designed for chemical disinfection using special chemicals.

Biochemical septic tanks are superior to their previous counterparts in almost all respects:

• wastewater treatment is higher than that of other analogues, by almost 100%;
• during the operation of these systems there are no unpleasant odors;
• for installation and installation, the type of soil on the land plot does not matter;
• very fast installation and installation;
• the system is practically maintenance-free.

These septic tanks for a country house require cleaning from dry residue no more than once every 5-8 years, depending on the number of people living in the house and the activity of using the sewer. These are the most successful septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of water consumption.

The only drawback of biochemical septic tanks is their high cost, which is much higher than that of simpler counterparts. But for a house with a permanent residence, this option will still be the most successful.

Also, since for the normal functioning of the microflora of bacteria inside the system, a constant supply of nutrients is necessary, it must be remembered that septic tanks with biological filters cannot be installed in houses where people do not live for permanent residence, and there are long interruptions in the use of sewage.

Having dealt with the main types of organization of septic systems, then you should pay attention to certain parameters, based on which it is worth choosing one or another system.

Overall system performance

Naturally, the need to process various volumes of wastewater will be the main parameter when choosing the system that needs to be installed in the house.

A small house, where 1-2 people live, is very different in terms of the amount of waste produced from a capital house or cottage, where a whole large family lives. You should also consider, in addition to the house, such additional points as the presence of a pool, washing machines or dishwashers.

Typically, the calculation is based on the following parameters:

1. Stock water up to 1 cu. meters. In this case, a conventional storage septic tank will suffice, the device of a more expensive and complex system does not have a special meaning;
2. Stock water volume from 1 to 10 cubic meters. meters. With such a volume, the installation of at least a two-chamber septic tank is already very desirable. Especially if consumption is closer to the upper limit of this range;
3. Stock water with a volume of more than 10 cubic meters. meters. With this volume, the installation of a septic tank with deep biological treatment is strongly recommended. Otherwise, the operation of the sewer system will definitely involve some inconvenience.

Important! Correctly calculate the amount of incoming waste. SNiP establishes a clear minimum volume of a septic tank, which must accommodate effluent flowing within three days.

Keep in mind! An incorrect calculation or an excessive desire to save money will lead to the fact that you will have to use the services of sewers too often. This procedure is usually quite expensive. As a result, your small-volume septic tank can turn out to be more expensive than even three-chamber biochemical treatment systems.

Materials from which septic tanks are made

Also an important factor when choosing a septic tank in the house will be the material for the manufacture of treatment systems.

Here you can go in several ways, which differ from each other in the ratio of cost and labor costs for the organization.

Septic tanks made on site, which one is better to choose? They are usually made from the following materials.

Brick

You can choose a septic tank made from this simplest and cheapest material. However, due to the peculiarities of the brickwork, it is quite difficult to ensure its complete tightness, which is why sewage can seep into the ground and further into the aquifer. To avoid leakage, cement mortars or special mastics can be used.

Reinforced concrete

A somewhat more laborious material to work with, but at the same time extremely reliable. For bulk prefabricated structures, reinforced concrete rings are most often used. When using rings, the main task will be to ensure complete tightness of the joints between them.

improvised materials

Oddly enough, it is quite possible to make a normal septic tank using improvised materials that most people simply find at home. The only thing is that the volume of such a septic tank will hardly be more than 300 liters, which is suitable either for a summer cottage or for a house with a very small amount of wastewater. Schemes for manufacturing such a system are a topic for a separate article, but if you wish, you can always find them in large numbers on specialized forums on the Internet.

Naturally, the most reliable, fastest and most convenient way (and the most expensive) is to purchase and install a ready-made system, usually made of plastic or fiberglass.

• they provide absolute reliability and tightness in operation;
• you can choose any range of volumes, ranging from a small country house to a cottage for 5 people with a swimming pool and irrigation systems;
• ready-made septic tanks provide quick installation and instant commissioning;
• they are already equipped with all the necessary cleaning and filtration systems; you don't need to think about anything else.

Note! Septic tanks made of polymeric materials must be installed in concrete pits without fail and the container must be fixed to the walls of this pit. This is done to protect the septic tank from surfacing when exposed to groundwater, as well as protection from destruction when the soil moves.

How are septic tanks installed?

In general, two types of installation can be distinguished, depending on the design principle of the septic tank:

• vertical systems;
• horizontal systems.

Vertical septic tanks are installed with a recess in the ground and represent the most successful design in case you do not want to see additional elements on your site. It will be completely in the ground. The downside here is that if on the land plot the movement of underground groundwater occurs close to the surface, then in this situation, in order to install such a product, additional installation efforts, special special equipment, etc. will be required.

Horizontal septic tanks are installed on the surface and do not require heavy equipment or any great effort during installation. But at the same time, if you are making a system for permanent residence all year round, then most likely it will be a rather voluminous device that will take up a significant amount of space in your backyard. Plus, if you are planning any landscape design, then it will also be problematic to enter the presence of a septic tank into it.

Which septic tank to choose

As a result, we can unequivocally say that the choice of which septic tank is best for a country house is an extremely responsible matter, which will significantly affect the quality of living in general.

Important! Be very careful about the accuracy of calculating the needs for wastewater treatment, and which septic tank to choose in the end. It is better to install a system with a margin now than to deal with a complete rebuild later, which, moreover, will definitely be much more expensive.

But on the other hand, when you understand for sure that your consumption is minimal, and there are definitely no plans for an increase, then there is no point in overpaying for complex systems that will work at ten percent of their possible potential.

In a small country house, in which a long stay is not planned, you can make a small septic tank with your own hands, for example, from car tires or other materials that you found in your country house or garage. This option is likely to cost almost nothing at all. Just do not forget, properly, to take care of good sealing.

Also, do not chase the most expensive imported models. Our Russian manufacturers make products of excellent quality, in no way inferior to foreign counterparts.

One of the most popular manufacturers in our market at the moment is the products of the domestic company Topol-Eco Neva, which has been operating since 2001. The main models from which you can choose the best septic tank that is right for you are:

• TOPAS;
• UBAS;
• ASTER;
• TOPOL;
• EUROBION;
• BIOXY;
• TANK;
• and many others.

The lines of this manufacturer fully cover all any possible needs, ranging from small houses to large families for 4-5 people. There are also special septic tanks designed to provide life for people who live in much larger groups (from 10 or more people).

Follow these simple tips, talk to experts, contact any thematic forum, and you will solve the question “how to choose a septic tank” without any problems.

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