Construction according to Swedish technology and projects of Swedish houses. scandinavian houses

This section presents projects Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which range from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country they build according to a technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.

Features of Swedish houses

As in all Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden they build mainly from wood. natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, and furniture production. It is possible to point out some character traits Swedish buildings.

• Simple-shaped houses with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer kitchen, bath often communicate with the main house through a closed canopy.
• Log walls are left unfinished, upholstered with a board impregnated with a special compound, or painted with resistant paints.
• Windows of a simple form with wooden architraves, usually white. There is no finish (unlike our carving) on ​​them.

The Swedes build log cabins from round logs, the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the upper log rests tightly on the lower one without a visible gap. In the corners, they are connected into a "hexagon", so the log house looks more neat.

A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut on the outside, but is very different from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, underfloor heating, several autonomous heating systems are a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.

Finished projects with working drawings

We implement typical designs of Swedish-style houses, created by our own architectural office. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account in the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:

1. description with specification of building materials;
2. construction masonry and marking plans;
3. schemes and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual units;
4. explication of floors, window and door connectors.

At the request of the customer, he produces an architectural passport, which is necessary for obtaining a building permit. A professionally designed project saves the customer from technical errors, and subsequent "alterations", despite the fact that its price occupies an insignificant share in the total cost of building a house.

Frame technology or construction swedish technology houses on the territory of our glorious country has been used for several decades.

Surely you have already heard such concepts as prefabricated or Finnish houses. Nowadays, such a design of houses among future homeowners is in great demand, having noble characteristics, heat resistance and special practicality. Almost 90% of individual houses in Sweden were built using the frame construction technology, for which such a structure got its name - "Swedish house". If you come to Sweden, you will see many similar houses made using this technology, differing only in color and design. This is a kind of symbol not only of Sweden, but of Scandinavia as a whole. There are also other names such as: Canadian or Finnish technology construction. All of them are united by a common idea, but the approach to construction is quite different from each other.

An example of a house made in traditional style Swedish construction. The main difference can be either the color or the project of the house, but not the construction technology.

Swedish technology differs from the rest in that a special profile is used as elements of ceilings, rafters and frame, for the manufacture of which galvanized steel is used. Due to its special configuration, such a profile has a thermal conductivity 20% lower than a wooden beam of the same size. What keeps heat inside the house does not let it out. Another major advantage is the use of a galvanized profile, which, unlike a wooden beam, is moisture resistant, it does not deform, and during operation, fungus, rodents and various pathogenic bacteria do not start in it.

The advantages of houses built according to Swedish technology include low construction costs, no need for a heavy foundation, powerful construction equipment, efficiency, which is ensured by high energy-saving technologies. Construction companies countries have long mastered the construction of houses using this technology, therefore, when contacting the company, you will be offered ready-made swedish house designs, which managed to prove themselves on the positive side during their operation. As a rule, all house projects are adapted to the harsh Russian climatic conditions, so their construction is now widely practiced in the Far North.

The villa, made according to the described technology, is excellent only for its project. It creates a feeling of warmth and comfort, despite its Nordic roots.

The main advantage, of course, is the cost of building a house, which is built using Swedish technology. Most Russians who want to build individual house it is with this technology that they will save enough money, while receiving a high-quality building for more than a dozen years. And another main plus is the high performance, tested by the cold Scandinavian climate, which differs little from the Russian one, and its laconic appearance. The number of people wishing to acquire their own "Swedish" house is increasing year by year.

We were going to tell you about the so-called Swedish window insulation technology, which is gaining more and more fans in our country. But our readers at the presentations always asked to tell us briefly about what the “Swedish house” itself is like.

Swedish house»

The concept of "Swedish house" in Russia fashion trend became relatively recent, already in the new millennium, entering into competition with the so-called. "Canadian home"
It must be understood that under the newfangled concept may lie different content. At least two:

1. Frame houses supplied from Swedish factories;
2. Pre-fabricated houses under construction in Russia using the LSTK frame technology.

Let's figure it out.

One of the main advantages of the LSTK frame construction technology is the small specific gravity structures

Country houses from Sweden

For example, country houses from Sweden and their projects are offered on Russian market several construction companies-suppliers.

Such Swedish houses are supplied to customers in a complete set, so to speak, "turnkey", and this concept includes all the necessary components for comfortable life to the maximum, based on the principle that the acquisition (installation) of one's house for a person is a very serious and responsible step, which means that clarity and smoothness of each of the stages of its construction are needed.
This home offers:

• Duplicated heating system, when space heating is carried out using several systems. They can function as a whole or separately.
• The entire structure is thermally insulated to avoid extra costs for heating.
• A heat pump is supplied, which works in tandem with boilers on different types fuel, as well as electricity.
• "Heated floors" are mounted;
• Pre-installed wall radiators;
• Air conditioning system and heat recovery in progress;
• A fireplace is placed in the central part of the house;
• Mobile treatment system with the necessary facilities;
• Independent water supply;
• Universal power supply system, which implies the ability not to connect to centralized communication networks.

The set, as you can see, is attractive.
But the "buns" do not end there.

Production time and commissioning

This is also a topical issue - seasonality in the regions of Russia usually presents difficulties with deadlines, as a result, housing construction often drags on for more than one year.
As for Swedish houses, here the whole process of building a house (due to the peculiarities of the frame technology) from the application to its commissioning takes several weeks and it does not depend on the geographical location and the time of year.

Free project

Concluding a contract with a customer for construction Swedish home, the company usually provides free project dwellings.
There are several classes of Swedish houses. Such as ELIT, MASSIV, LUXURY are supplied to Russia - made directly at Swedish factories.

Swedish house in Russian design

The concept of a Swedish home in Russia is somehow conditional. Such a house can now not only be “brought” directly from Europe. But order domestic producers. And even build your own.

Spread LSTK technology- an abbreviation for the name "Light Steel Thin-Walled Structures".
Such structures based on thin steel up to 3 mm thick are used for the construction of high-speed frame buildings.

These structures include profiled sheets and thin-walled galvanized steel profiles.

Although profiled steel sheet today accounts for approximately 70% of all light steel structures, the term LSTK has become entrenched in Russia as denoting the technology of erecting buildings using precisely a galvanized profile.

The advent of LSTK technology

This technology was developed in the 50s of the 20th century in Canada. The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number low-rise houses for the middle class corresponding to the climatic conditions of the country. The LSTK technology quickly acquired the character of mass application, reducing (and completely eliminating) the use of wooden frames in the suburbs and cities, due to their high cost, susceptibility to decay and the effects of insect pests. But the main factor for the development of LSTK was the possibility of industrial, mass production of steel profiles and the availability of the material.

At the same time, it should be noted that in this moment LSTK technology does not occupy a leading position in the markets of low-rise individual construction in those countries where this technology is imported from. frame construction houses are developed in North America, Canada, the Scandinavian countries, but so far they are building more houses on the basis of a wood frame.

Application

Light steel thin-walled structures are made of galvanized profiles or perforated profiles (thermal profiles). Guides, rack and jumpers are made.

To connect cold-formed profiles use:

1. bolts (diameter 5-16 mm),
2. self-tapping screws;
3. self-drilling self-tapping screws;
4. pull rivets;
5. powder mounting dowels;
6. pneumatic mounting dowels;
7. bubbles;
8. press connections (Rosette).

Advantages

• Among the first advantages of such houses, environmental friendliness is noted, because. during the construction of a structure based on LSTC, the surrounding landscape, including trees and shrubs, is minimally damaged. In addition, if necessary, the possible complete disposal of the house;
• Construction speed. The construction time for a building based on LSTK usually does not exceed 4-5 months;
• Simplicity and ease of installation. When working, 3-4 workers are enough;
• There is no shrinkage of the foundation either at the time of construction or during operation;
• All-weather installation;
• Lack of heavy equipment during construction;
• Seismic resistance. By the way, the construction of houses using the LSTK technology has gained considerable popularity in Japan and other countries where seismic activity is high.
• Sufficiently low cost of 1 square. m. In Russia, the market value of 1 square. m of such housing from LSTC is approximately from 19-20 thousand rubles.
• High heat saving.
• The service life of houses made of LSTK is declared to be 70-100 years or more.

I note that for the most part, the listed advantages apply not so much to LSTK, but to frame structures in general.

Immediate benefits of LSTC

Stability and accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the profiles
Compact for transport
Factory quality. The kit for the construction of a building from LSTK is manufactured at the factory and delivered to the site in the form of a ready-made “house kit” with design documentation for assembly.

disadvantages

• There is an opinion that the main disadvantage of this technology is "thin walls". Many consumers even have the feeling that you can easily break through such a wall with almost a fist. But this is unreasonable, because the materials for the installation of ceilings and cladding are very plastic, and they withstand shock.
• There is also an opinion that a low service life compared to buildings made of stone and brick is ensured if used for the production of galvanized steel thermal profiles general purpose(Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), данный недостаток сводится к минимуму, если в качестве сырья использовать сталь с цинковым покрытием в 25 микрон (Zn >350 g/sq.m.).
• In Russia, the declared quality of structures does not always correspond to the real one. Often, LSTC manufacturers underestimate the real quality characteristics of products in pursuit of a lower cost. Typical situations - profile thickness reduction, more thin layer zinc (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.). Это прямо влияет на качество конструкции.
• Critical dependence of the customer on the manufacturer. Indeed, sometimes it turns out that the panel is not entirely accurately produced or negligent (forgotten "screw"), and problems may arise during the installation of the building.
• Lack of conclusions on the electromagnetic safety of living in buildings with metal frame, insufficient information on how such buildings react to electromagnetic radiation.
• The design and installation of buildings from LSTK should be carried out by highly qualified specialists. The cost of such mistakes can be high.

Basic swedish house

At the heart of each project is a basic residential building. Projects differ from each other only in the external environment of this basic house. Therefore, the base usually does not change. But they can change the configuration of its environment.

The foundation is monolithic, deepened by 1.5 m, reinforced concrete. Such a foundation is 7-8 times more expensive than shallow foam blocks or recently appeared screw piles. But these "screwed" foundations have practically no history of exploitation in Russia for construction frame houses. Reinforced concrete monolith is a time-tested solution, which, by the way, is used not only for frame, but for brick houses.
Kitchen, bedroom, bathroom and nursery

The construction of the Swedish House involves the use of only natural materials.
For external walls - planed board with a width of 145 mm and a thickness of 22 mm. It is beautiful, natural and durable.

The frame of the house is frames made of timber (150 x 50 mm).
For thermal insulation, non-shrinking basalt slabs Rockwoll with a total thickness of 150 mm. It is worth noting that this is more effective than 100 mm insulation, which is now considered the standard.

The roof is based on IcoPal soft Finnish tiles. The soft bituminous tile serves long and reliably. Besides, she is beautiful.

The material of the internal walls is drywall on a frame of metal profiles. Such a project means that after interior decoration Finishing the house from the inside will look like a business class apartment. And there is. Details are in the finishing section.

The entire Swedish house is surrounded by a veranda around the perimeter. You can get here not only through the front door in the hallway, but also directly from any room on the ground floor, including the living room and kitchen. This greatly expands the space of the Swedish house, and when the weather allows, the veranda is an extension of the room or living room. In summer it is especially nice to have a meal outside, or just sit outside. The floor of the veranda is a planed timber 100 mm thick, covered with a white Tikkurila antiseptic, specially designed for outdoor outdoor floors. The beam is laid on a monolithic concrete strip foundation with a gap that allows you to wash the floor of the veranda with a hose or a high pressure washer.

The area of ​​​​the veranda is quite large, but we do not take it into account when calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Pay attention to this when you compare the cost of building a frame Swedish House per sq. meter with other proposals in the market for the construction of business-class townhouses.

The quality of the materials used for the construction of frame houses and business class townhouses ensures that you do not have to do the exterior or interior redecorating such a Swedish house in 3-4 years.

Swedish window insulation technology

Insulation of windows using Swedish technology is also becoming more and more popular.

With the approach of winter, the issue of warming the apartment becomes more and more important. In urban apartments, there are mainly doors, and whoever has money and who considers it expedient also has balconies. Thinking about the insulation of windows, people ask questions - what is the best way to insulate them? How to do it? Do-it-yourself insulation or invite specialists? Of course, the answers to these questions depend mainly on the availability of financial resources that can be allocated for insulation. And in recent years, people are increasingly using the services specialized firms to make window frames warm. And many of the modern companies are actively promoting the so-called "Swedish technology" of window insulation to the market. What is it and what is the essence of this technology? Is it worth using it or is it better to do with the old, old-fashioned ways to insulate? Let's figure it out.

small digression

If you came to our site for the query "Swedish technology houses", I suggest you watch (your choice) two short videos.

The first is dedicated to real Swedish houses, their beauty and comfort - that is, in a couple of minutes you can simply see them as they really are in your native Sweden:

The second video was filmed by the producers of the so-called "Swedish houses" in Russia and will be of interest to those who would like to learn more about this technology:

Swedish window frame insulation technology

She came to Russia about 15 years ago, as the name implies, from cold Sweden, where residents are also concerned about the problem of keeping warm in their homes during the cold season. According to the Swedes' technology, only wooden windows were insulated, but over time they began to insulate plastic windows as well (although this is done much less frequently than with wooden ones - plastic ones seem to be a priori warm).

What is the essence of the process?

The work begins with the fact that the wooden frames are removed and taken out to the landing - the craftsmen do not work in the apartment, this is convenient, because. there is no such dirt as after installing new double-glazed windows, for example. In the frames, grooves are sawn from all sides - grooves. A professional tubular seal is inserted into it.

The seal is placed in special grooves - grooves

Firms engaged in insulation using Swedish technology claim that this sealant can withstand temperatures from -50 to + 80 (by the way, when insulating windows, it is assumed that the owner of the room does not want to let the cold into his house. plus temperature (80 degrees) is 30 degrees higher than minus (only 50) - a mystery). Such professional insulation from Sweden should supposedly last 10-15 years, unlike conventional ones, which last a couple of years.

Heaters from Sweden have 5 different sizes - depending on the size of the gap, the right one is selected. Usually, window insulation according to Swedish technology also includes a comprehensive carpentry repair, i.e. craftsmen repair window locks so that they close without problems, align the frame geometry (it is monitored that they close evenly, without catching on anything, do not jam. Such work should be done BEFORE cutting grooves and installing insulation). Offered for an additional fee high-quality painting frames, replacement of drainage and even glass.

For an additional fee, specialists can replace glass in your windows, make drainage systems and paint frames.

Together with insulation using Swedish technology, you can ask for the “glass unit effect” service - this is additional sealing at the junctions of the frame and glass. These gaps are filled with silicone sealant. Glasses are securely fastened and will no longer have free vibration, which means that the level of noise penetrating into the apartment will be significantly reduced.

Please note that the high-quality work of window insulation using Swedish technology excludes the use of glue and nails to fasten the tubular seal, it must be pressed into the grooves - otherwise, after a few years, the glue will come off and the staples may rust.

After all the work has been done - mandatory and additional, the frames are returned to their place, installed and delight their owners with the saved heat.

With window insulation it is better not to pull until the cold autumn

Warming is best done before heating season when it's still warm outside. If you still need to insulate when autumn winds and rains knock on the window - no problem, experts will close the window opening with a special tarpaulin that will not let the cold in from the street - so that after the work is completed, the apartment will have room temperature, not street temperature.

Price

She is interested in the first place - is it worth it? Isn't it better to buy a new double-glazed window? If you have wooden windows in good condition, not rotten (in this case, a plastic bag is definitely better), then insulation using Swedish technology will be cheaper than buying new windows. Depending on the size, the price of insulating a double-leaf window will be 2500-3200 rubles, a three-leaf window - 3500-4600 rubles, a balcony door - 2200-2500 rubles, doors and windows overlooking the balcony, i.e. in general - 3700-4000 rubles. Do not forget that the cost of the main work is also added to this amount. There is also a price additional work but not everyone uses them.

Summary of work

What do we get as a result, after warming according to Swedish technology?

Calculate, decide, weigh all the pros and cons, and let it be warm for you!

You can clearly see the process in the video:

Building a unique private house in Sweden

Last edit: 01/02/17

1. Registration: 02.01.15 Messages: 216 Acknowledgments: 1.276

   Last edit: 01/08/17

   Registration: 02.01.15 Messages: 216 Acknowledgments: 1.276

   So, today is the day off and I continue as promised. I missed last weekend, for which I repent and offer all kinds of apologies, but I had a good reason: I worked hard in the sweat of my face. Yesterday was Saturday and I was at home, but I couldn’t write either, because on Friday the vile bird “quailed” unexpectedly pecked me in the sirloin of magnificent Swedish work trousers and put my not very bright head out of order for a day, so that almost all Saturday I reeling from the injury. But taking advantage of the forced creative downtime, I uploaded to YouTube and edited a video telling about the area where the construction is going on and the principles of the formation of the village. The video can be extremely useful for both representatives of engineering services and ordinary developers. I shot it amateurishly, so do not expect directorial frills - I have pure journalism
   Link to video is here. I recommend watching the video, and then continue reading the manual.

   So, let's get down to the house itself. A house, as you know, is a kind of construction, consisting of thousands of various details, however, for the most part, they are not very necessary, or even completely unnecessary. Be that as it may, this whole pile of building materials weighs not frail tons, and all this wealth puts pressure on ... Who said "on the ground"? It is for amateurs that the house stands on the ground, but for professionals it is not on the ground but on the ground and it does not stand but rests and not the house but the foundation!
   That's where we'll start.
   So at the time of my first arrival, the foundation was ready. Almost approaching the shed, I discovered a seventy-ton structure, called in the language of Celsius and Nobel platta på mark and in the great and mighty baptized with a three-letter sign: U.Sh.P. Summary constructions for those who slept during the sopromat lessons: the soil at the construction site is planned and leveled, upper layer they are removed along with vegetation and living creatures, because flora and fauna should not do where the king of nature (as he naively thinks of himself) and his wife and children will be registered. In this case, the planners got so carried away that they even demolished a piece of rock that rises right behind the house. Having prepared the soil, it is required to lay engineering communications (or rather, pipes and channels), then fill the surface with three rubble dump trucks (about half the weight of the foundation) - carefully tamping every few centimeters of the next layer. then, on the resulting gravel site, a foam pillow is laid out. If someone's virgin soul wandered here by accident and does not believe his eyes, then I confirm: yes, foam. Specifically, expanded polystyrene, more specifically, expanded polystyrene of class S-80, which means that it can withstand a load of up to 8 tons per square meter. True, this is a somewhat fraudulent characteristic, therefore it is written in small letters and upside down, because this is the value of the short-term load at which the material does not have the right to deform by more than 1 or 2 percent - I forgot this detail. And the long-term characteristic is four times lower, that is, two tons per square meter or 20 kilopascals. Actually, this figure determines the "bearing" capacity of foam plastics, plastics and other building materials - compressive strength - and in our country it is determined by the letter S and a number. The most popular foams in our market are ordinary white foam. Even at school age, we drove teachers to hysterics when we rubbed a slobbered piece on glass. Basically, it's just styrofoam. There are also stronger varieties, but they are not of interest to us now. I hope I didn’t mix up anything after the vile peck of the vile bird ...
   So, foam plastic is laid out on rammed rubble. In one layer, 100 millimeters thick. And along the perimeter, the so-called "kant-elements" are laid, these are pieces of the same foam glued at 90 degrees, and one side is already plastered or lined with mineralite - a material similar to drywall but not afraid of street precipitation. This side will subsequently be the base and it will not need to be processed, which is undoubtedly humane in relation to the builders. Elements are bought ready-made in the store. And in the corners, similar corner elements of three plates are installed. Having built the entire perimeter in this way and covering the rubble inside the perimeter, we get a huge foam bath. At the request of the developers, the average layer of floor insulation must be at least 250 millimeters effective insulation. Styrofoam is quite effective for itself, it has a lambda of the order of 0.04 watt-square-kelvin (I don’t remember the exact formula and sequence now, but if anyone needs it, I’ll tell you where to look, gee ...) and we put two more layers of foam on the resulting pillow, the benefit of the height of the sides allows - 400 millimeters. It turns out such a large but shallow bath, only an inch deep, and you don’t need to be a famous mathematician to calculate the exact value of this inch. But under the load-bearing walls, we leave the foam in one layer, there we will have a concrete depth of all thirty centimeters, because the load-bearing walls are cool and require respect. Below I will attach some funny pictures, likened to my shaking curves in Paint, by arrogantly isolating everything superfluous from architectural drawings - everything is in section, full face and profile. Who will not be enough and would like even more details - welcome to Google, he will tell everything with this phrase: platta på mark- and you will find your happiness. Or at least the information you're looking for.
   I continue: The resulting bath is reinforced with pieces of iron, underfloor heating pipes, cold water and hot water pipes are laid in it, if necessary, corrugated hoses for cables and wires, sewage is laid out and when everything is ready, it is solemnly poured with concrete. The concrete surface at the setting stage is rubbed with floats, popularly referred to as "helicopters", and as a result, a smooth concrete surface is obtained, smooth as an expensive marble countertop. Walls, ceilings, a roof are placed on such a slab, and it turns out that the whole house practically stands on foam plastic. Then, click-parquet or other finishing coating is laid on this plate through a standard three-millimeter substrate. There are various subtleties and details, I won’t mention them all, because, as I already wrote, by the time I arrived, the slab had already been filled with three dozen tons of concrete and even covered with snow and ice from above.

   Precipitation attacked while the guys were mounting the awning, and they attacked, melted and froze. And we needed a flat area for work, and here a mistake was made - someone sprinkled salt on the ice. The ice was handled this way, but NEVER do this on reinforced concrete - the salt gets into the concrete and reacts chemically with the rebar. In our case, there was not enough salt, they removed it immediately and the stove will always be dry and warm, but if someone wants to visit a marafet on the balcony, NO WAY!
   But that was only part of the foundation. The main, bearing but part. The fact is that according to the project of the architect, in the place where the rock was cut down, it was necessary to raise walls from another material to the height of the floor. It happens like this: a house, for example, a frame one (the most common private house from new buildings) and in a critical place they pour a concrete wall or build it from lightweight concrete blocks - after all, snowdrifts can collect there, and mountain leaves, it turns out that it’s not harmful to create such a high base in the back of the building. In our case, a block was chosen as the material - and in Russian, a claydite-concrete block with a density ... By the way, I don’t know which one, I think 500 or 600. By my arrival, the blocks had already been bought and even partially put on the stove. And everything would be fine if it were not for one harsh BUT like the Chebarkul meteorite. In terms of plan, the wall consisted of three parts - one end and two pieces along the long walls of the house.

   But on the horizon, this caricature of the model of the great Chinese wall was divided by height above the floor into 10 levels. Ten, Carl! And actually the floor was the eleventh level! Which one? HU... An artist! Did you come up with such a creative solution? Well, two, okay, three, although this is already too much, but ten! Mine is in shock... Here, I'm posting dirt in two planes, dug up by the same barbaric method as the previous graffiti.

   Structurally, the wall was also not the simplest. In fact, two parallel walls were built from expanded clay concrete blocks 10x190x590 mm on the most banal masonry mortar with bandaging of the walls with stainless steel rods (yeah, stainless steel!) With a diameter of 10 mm, but a fifty-millimeter layer of the same S-80 foam was laid between the walls. Well, given that the specific thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks, even without taking into account the seams, is twenty times higher than the similar value of foam plastic, then five centimeters of the latter added as much "heat" as a meter of expanded clay concrete would give. This, by the way, is for those who like to build stone houses without insulation: the thermal transfer level of ordinary foam plastic is 0.04w / m.kv * K versus 0.2 for expanded clay concrete. Manufacturers' data. By the way, let me remind you one more thing: the thermal conductivity of porous and bulk materials strongly depends on their humidity. Without going into details, the manufacturer always declares data for dry material, but in fact its moisture content depends on various factors and in winter time in cold climates (that is, with negative temperatures) outer wall a house made of porous or loose material without proper vapor barrier has a very high humidity and its actual thermal insulation properties are reduced by (there are such borrowed data) 15-20%. manufacturers of foam concrete somehow forget to tell their customers about this moment. Foam plastics are much less affected by this influence due to some factors that I do not plan to talk about now.
   Well, in short, a two-layer wall is built, reinforced along and with connecting transverse bridges through an insulating separating foam. The upper platforms are filled with a five-centimeter "armor belt", the essence of which is not to connect a dozen disparate wall platforms, but to accept and distribute the load from those upper "normal" walls that will put pressure on our "basement" floor. By the time I arrived, the wall was partially built, and I expressed doubts (to put it mildly) about its compliance with local heat resistance standards. Despite the five-centimeter foam, this is clearly not enough. We decided that later we would return to the discussion of additional wall insulation, most likely from the outside with 70 mm XPS or PPU boards. On that they agreed. But it was still too early for me to start work - three qualified specialists were spinning on the same heel, the contractor supplied them with everything they needed, and I still had unfinished work at the previous facility and other people were waiting for a couple of small but urgent matters, so for another week we and broke up. And a week later the material came and we already had everything ready for the next operations, which I will talk about in next time.
   Phew! I hope this post counts as two.
   Always yours- Kostya G. Sweden.
   

   Investments:

   

   Last edit: 01/23/17

   Registration: 02.01.15 Messages: 216 Acknowledgments: 1.276

   We continue the conversation. The other day I found a couple of pieces lying around in the backyard to illustrate the previous narrative. On the first photo - the same "L-edge-element" in person. This is a small model, 200 mm high. Below, probably, they don’t do it, I don’t remember what I would have met. This one is perfect for building. small house, cottages, extensions or barn. In our case, our unfinished garage stands on these. During the installation process, they are fastened to each other with such steel plates as in the photo. This is so that in the process of laying reinforcement and pipes, the blocks do not move apart.

   In the next picture, I attached "back to back" a fragment of the "full-sized" element from which the foundation of the house is built. As you can see, the design is the same, but the height of the basement is higher. Visible and "plaster".

   So while I wandered the hell where busy with other work the guys valiantly built stone walls, received and unloaded building material delivered from overseas for load-bearing walls. Here I consider it unfair not to insert a couple of lines about my colleagues.
   Three middle-aged Latvians communicate with each other in their own, from which I understand six words. But I am a good student and by the end of the object I plan to double GDP oh , vocabulary Latvian. At one time, this happened in the Lithuanian brigade, and now I can chat with any Lithuanian about anything in Russian, inserting all the dozen Lithuanian words I know. In addition to Latvian, my new comrades-in-arms speak Russian and English. English in Europe is generally zapolozhnyak, the Swedes almost all speak it, so if someone decides to go to Scandinavia on vacation, then you will be in full communication with English almost everywhere. I know people who have not taught hard for 10 years Swedish language constantly living here, they had enough available English. Well, after two five-year periods, of course, Swedish is already sticking by itself, in such a time you will learn to understand like a cat. Yes, and Swedish fits into English much better than into Russian. The trouble is that I'm not a Swede or a Latvian, and they didn't teach me English, so I mastered Swedish right away, without an English "intermediary", as a result of which I speak the latter not much better than Latvian. In everyday communication, this does not create problems for me, but when collective meetings at facilities with foreign workers, then everyone automatically switches to English, and I blink my eyes like a fool, trying to understand at least what it is all about. Then I always ask someone again, clarifying the details. One of the Latvians has experience as a signalman, and these are: electrician, data, cables, trenches, tractors and excavators with all related skills. Another has experience both in mega-buildings (it turns out that we both worked on one of these) and in an exclusive carpentry with valuable varieties of exotic breeds) and the third is just a universal soldier. A very sensible set, otherwise it’s always like a construction site, so I’m torn between some narrow specializations alone. Here, then, there is someone to work on the excavator, and pull the electrician, and the water supply. This is good.
   
   In addition to the builders, the facility has a full-sized trailer-cottage used as a chute. The trailer is powered by the mains and is equipped with a kettle, microwave, etc. I practically do not use it, because I also have fresh air good appetite
   The building material was manufactured in Lithuania and delivered. The men unloaded it immediately on the foundation, under the awning, in order to protect it from precipitation. Content this material dry as a baby's booty is a must! I have never worked with this kind of material before.
   The load-bearing walls of the house will be built from blocks made at the "factory". I don't know how big that "factory" is, maybe a small workshop. And even most likely - a workshop, it doesn’t matter, it’s important that it’s clearly not on your knee. These are spatial elements made of wooden beams and plywood, roughly speaking. wooden boxes filled with straw. Straw, Carl! That is, naturally, straw from the fields, even threshed spikelets come across! Despite the experience of harvesting cereals on combines in the open spaces of our once common homeland with Latvians and Lithuanians, I am not strong in collective farm botany and cannot determine the plant variety, but now we have a smell like in a barn in a hayloft! At least bring the heifers of the girls!

   The block design inspires confidence. Plywood and beams are twisted together with concrete self-tapping screws, seats for flat "mounting heads of large press-washer self-tapping screws" are deepened by Forstner. The plywood is even, without visible flaws, the wood is planed, the straw is not rotten, without debris. you can dig down only with a great desire, which I do not have. The discrepancy between the sizes is purely symbolic, in some places up to a millimeter, maximum two, no more. But most of the blocks go head to head, at least load it into a cannon. For such not the most stable material as pieces of wood, this excellent result. In this regard, the Lithuanians pleased. What did not please was the weight of some blocks. The blocks are different. Completely different. All blocks have a total depth due to the wall thickness of 400 mm (yes, 400!), And two other parameters and shape - as unique as the tricks of my children. desk, but large ones with a good wardrobe. And now imagine a chiffonier stuffed heartily with straw. I don’t know how much such a block weighs, but only four of them could lift such a block to a height above the waist, and even then I was worried about my back. I already had an experience when, having dragged a truckload of material for a day, I suddenly collapsed in a couple of days from acute back pain. Fell down literally, right at the workplace, a sudden pain in the lower back just knocked him down. A couple of weeks then he lay at home, for another week he did not lift anything heavier than one board. In short, I have now seen such works without lifting mechanisms in a coffin. But we don’t have mechanisms in stock and we raise it manually, constructing various platforms from racks and other blocks. Fortunately, the guys are healthy and strong, and I'm probably the most frail among them. Or the most cunning one, go and figure it out for me ... Be that as it may, we have these blocks and it's time to mount supports under them. Which is what I did.
   The supports are two parallel beams 45x95mm laid on a sponge rubber tape and pressed to the foundation with steel clamps. Rubber was not chosen by chance: it provides not only insulation of concrete from wood - a prerequisite according to our standards, but also observes almost complete tightness from air suction between concrete and wood. This condition must be observed, since our house must be airtight. Therefore, the pressing should be good, although I don’t worry about this topic - the walls of the house will then press everything themselves as it should. But still, we did not select the fasteners anyhow. Wedged anchors were abandoned - long and expensive. The outer row was fastened with spacers and the inner row with concrete screws. The spacer sleeve is a tube of strong steel cut along the body. Its nose is narrowed and the "hat", on the contrary, is expanded under the appearance of a funnel.
   

   A hole is drilled in concrete right through the beam (however, I previously drilled the beam with a wooden drill, so it’s more feng shui) into which, again, this “crutch” is hammered through the beam with a hammer. He holds it in such a way that it can only be torn out with a crowbar, and even then some of them sit so tightly in concrete that they sink halfway deep into the wood. Concrete screws cannot be torn out at all except with a piece of concrete, but they are much more expensive, so they were used of a shorter length on the inner row of the support and longer driven fasteners on the outer one.
   

   This is something that would inadvertently not get into the tubes of the warm floor in concrete. I used two screwdrivers and two punchers. I drilled the bars with a cartridge screw, then drilled them with a small diameter with a battery punch, then I unrolled these channels with a network punch with the desired drill diameter and I already screwed the screws on the concrete with an impact tool. Network perf brigade, battery devices are mine. Such a two-pass drilling scheme provides maximum hole accuracy, minimum deviation from given point. The accuracy of the installation of the walls depends on the accuracy of the installation of our guides, and given that we are a "designer", an error of half a centimeter will be visible. So, accuracy is the courtesy of kings!

   But here at every step I was already remembering tricky architects! I hope they hiccuped there these couple of days so that they could not even eat! After all, in the plan (the plan is a top view and not what some people thought) all the pieces of wood should line up in perfect lines and in the horizon there are eleven levels! I have never touched their female ancestors!

   Further, foam plastic was laid between the bars, cutting through the "cold bridge" and the entire resulting platform was covered with a four-millimeter substrate, which was originally intended for lining under a laminate or parquet board, but it works quite well here. The substrate is terribly eco-friendly, made from exclusively natural ingredients and you can even eat it along the way, if the cook does not lie to us(C) It feels like a mixture of felt and cardboard, the color is green, the price, I suspect, is immodest, and her last name is .. And her last name is too famous to be called here!
   Yes, I would call it, but the moderator will delete the whole post again, we swam, we know ... So we will call it felt!
   

   Investments:

   

   Last edit: 01/28/17

   Registration: 02.01.15 Messages: 216 Acknowledgments: 1.276

2. In addition, a very clear installation scheme for each wall.

   In general, there were not many problems with identification and installation. The main problem is the weight of individual blocks. If I have to participate in the next order of such a building, I will set conditions so that smaller blocks are made at a level above the first floor. The second problem is the straw that fell into our muzzles, behind the scruff of the neck, in the bosom and in other intimate places. When you work actively in the cold, straw dust and crumbs very cheerfully make themselves felt on your sweaty body. Perhaps it will be necessary to order non-shrinking straw next time
   Fasteners were brought to us in the same kit, they were very serious screws of excellent quality - no savings! Everything is grown-up! Blocks are installed on a prepared foundation and attached to wooden beams and with each other with screws, forming a wall. The following blocks are placed on them. Of course, more than once we swore from the bottom of our hearts and commemorated the architect with a gentle, quiet word...

   
   
   
   So, in a week the entire first floor was built, and suddenly we had nothing to do. The material had run out and the next transport was expected in a week and a half. In general, we somehow hurried with the accelerated pace of work. I again moved to my clients for several days, just there the need arose for me, one of the Latvians went home, the other two were tinkering around at the facility with a garage and some other little things. Then I came back and we sewed up one wall of the garage with a facade board. The facade board for the garage was also not ordinary. This is the so-called Thermowood, a Swedish development, thermally processed coniferous wood. An alternative to pressure impregnated wood (Tryckimpregnerat trä) and naturally rot resistant wood. Pressure impregnation is a method that has come to replace the treatment with creosote - a terribly smelly and poisonous resin, with which our sleepers and roadside telegraph poles were soaked everywhere - remember, right? Creosote was also a strong carcinogen. Creosote was replaced by the method of impregnation with salts of metals - primarily copper, but now there is nothing mixed there. The method itself also changes over time, some salts are replaced by others, the technology also changes, but the essence is something like this - a finished commodity tree (already sawn, planed and properly dried) is placed in huge sealed vats and filled with a solution of these salts, after which a vacuum is created there (or do not create), cook (or do not cook) but in the end they always give high pressure and thus the pieces of wood are saturated with this solution through (or almost through). Places where the brine has not reached are already dense enough and need less special protection, so the whole piece of wood is more or less protected from rotting and mold. This is the same "green" board that I mentioned at the beginning of today's post. The guarantee for such treated wood is from 20 years. This means that even in a swamp, such a piece of wood has no right to rot in 19 years and 11 months, with a receipt, of course! Protection classes are different, there is a light one for window frames or attic elements, and there is one that can really be buried in a swamp. But all this, no matter how cool, is chemistry, and our customer, as you can already guess, did not choose a straw house for that, so that later he would sheathe the facade with a set of salts of heavy metals. will require no protection, not even painting. In this regard, only exotic varieties are better than larch. tropical trees, but there is a price - mom do not worry! For example, this Ipe tree, with which I laid the floor of the terrace and balcony, also will not rot for a century, but a square meter of such a board costs more than 100 euros. However... The truth is beautiful, you can't argue. In short, larch, it seems, fits into the ratio of price and quality, but I opposed it. I stated that I would go around the facade even with impregnated wood, even with exotic, even with saxaul or even sliced ​​\u200b\u200bcacti, but I will not give any guarantee for larch, because it was a sad experience.

Many call frame houses "canadians", and the very technology of construction on the frame - Canadian. Indeed, in Canada, frame houses are widely used, but this technology came there from the Scandinavian Peninsula. Fundamentally, the technology is the same, but different continents, climatic conditions, in the end, the mentality gave rise to two ways of developing the frame technology for building wooden houses.

At the time of settlement North America By Europeans, frame technology turned out to be the most profitable because wood was the most affordable building material. We can say that it was affordable wood that largely determined the rapid development of the territory of modern Canada and the United States. Even today, after 200 years, it remains one of the most popular building materials, but this time because of its high environmental friendliness. Gradually, the Scandinavian traditions of frame housing construction in America began to change, already forming American traditions. So, for example, Canadians prefer to live in long and narrow areas, use a different finish and their own design.

Frame house and plot

Any tradition is always dictated by some circumstances, so its blind copying often turns out to be pointless. The narrow lots of Canadian private homeowners are not due to their personal preferences to live closer to each other, but to the fact that the cost of land in Canada is one of the highest in the world, despite the vastness of this country. For the same reason for Canada, semi-detached wooden houses are not uncommon.

In Sweden, land is also not cheap, but houses are still built at a distance from each other, in the center of the site, because. it is required by the rules in force there fire safety. Most of the plots are square in shape and range from 600 m² to 1000 m². You can get close to neighbors only if the walls of the house have an increased fire resistance class. Almost all wooden houses in Sweden are one-story. In spite of modern technologies flame retardant treatment of wood, the Swedes are afraid of fires, although these days large fires are a rarity.

Houses in Sweden generally do not have basements. Scandinavians would rather build a house with a larger area than equip a basement. Underground there is a ventilated space (60-80 cm, minimum 30 cm). It provides a wooden structure with reliable waterproofing.

Swedish frame houses rarely do without a garage. However, the garage is not always part of the house. It can be built separately, in front of the entrance itself, and not have heating and insulation. Like a house, a garage is built using frame technology.

Traditions of settlers

Few people know that the fashionable now connected spaces originate from the ingenuity of poor Swedish immigrants. Arriving from across the ocean, the Scandinavians first of all tried to secure a roof over their heads, and the issue of interior amenities was in the background for them. However, the idea of ​​combining the lobby, living room, dining room and kitchen turned out to be not so bad. In Canada, the combined layout is still preserved today, although it is now played out a little differently.

In Sweden, the lobby is separated, and the meeting point for guests is a large kitchen-dining room.

Frame house foundations in Canada and Sweden

Depending on the type of soil in both countries under frame house a columnar foundation or foundation slab is laid. On rocky soils, the depth of laying the foundation slab is about 30 cm. Studies show that with good thermal insulation of the floor, low temperature base does not significantly affect heat loss. In any case, it is not advisable to blow up the rocky rock in order to lower the foundation.

In Canada, the drainage layer under the foundation slab is made of sand, and in Sweden it is made of gravel, believing that sand contributes to the capillary rise of moisture and its transfer to concrete.

Construction of external walls

In Canada itself, the supporting structure of the outer walls is made up of vertical pillars up to 14 cm in diameter, connected to beams and braces according to the honeycomb principle. The space between the pillars is filled with insulation, enclosed on both sides in a sheathing made of moisture-resistant chipboard or OSB and a facade finish.

In Sweden, for the past 25 years, not poles have been used for the frame, but wood-composite racks, with a side of 23 cm. The walls are insulated mineral wool, with a layer equal to the side of the rack, due to which the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer is not less than 0.2. Scandinavians often use drywall as the inner lining. In combination with outer skin it also adds rigidity to the frame. From the inside, the insulation is protected by a vapor barrier membrane.

Finishing the facades of frame houses and roofing materials

In Canada, it is customary to use as a facade finish:

• vinyl horizontal siding;
• thin plaster;
• clinker brick.

Thin plaster is used as an outer finishing layer of walls with rigid insulation. It is applied to corrugated plates of self-extinguishing polystyrene foam - styrofoam.

Non-synthetic finishes are popular in Sweden:

• wooden lining;
• facing brick;
• traditional plasters.

The Swedes try to avoid various plastic finishes, at least on their homes. And, first of all, because of the release of strong toxins by them during a fire. A wooden grate is placed between the exterior finish and the insulation, which provides good ventilation of the insulation layer.


Canadian frame houses mostly covered with ceramic or bituminous tiles. In Sweden - various types of tiles, including cement-sand and metal tiles. Frame houses in Canada have very little or no overhangs, while in Sweden, overhangs are rarely less than 60 cm. This is due to the fact that with small overhangs, natural veneer gets very wet and deteriorates quickly, unlike vinyl.

Differences in the construction of frame houses

The Swedes prefer prefabricated structures, which are delivered to the site in the form of finished elements of the house. The heaviest of them weighs no more than 400 kg (but more often up to 200 kg), and is mounted without the involvement of heavy hoisting equipment. In Canada, the frame and walls are assembled directly on the construction site. AT ready-made only sawn timber. Prefabricated houses are rare in this country.

Architecture and design

Traditional swedish frame houses not distinguished by outstanding architecture. Most often, these are one-story buildings of a large area, sometimes with a residential attic. A distinctive black Swedish house is the vertically arranged planks of the lining. The facade decoration of Swedish houses can consist of several types of cladding, for example, a combination of wooden lining and brick. Window frames can have up to three sashes, each of which is divided into 4-6 fragments. Windows may vary in size depending on their location. The smallest windows are located on the side of the house where the front doors are.

Modern Swedish frame houses are very different from the archetypal ones in their architecture. The most daring projects are distinguished by large-scale glazing, non-standard form and internal layout. These can be two-level rectangular houses with flat roof, some of the walls of which are solid glazing, open or protected by a wooden lattice. Swedish houses are characterized by loggias and balconies, verandas and terraces.

Canadian frame houses buildings of the middle of the 20th century already had a complex architecture: one-two-story, with residential attics, a warm garage, verandas and balconies. The rooms on the first floor are distinguished by high ceilings (more than 3 m). The windows are large rectangular or square, arched and ordinary. The overhangs of the roof have become larger, but at the same time they are not finished from below, thanks to which it seems that the roof is, as it were, “put on” on the house. Modern Canadian homes are characterized by minimalist design with its characteristic strictness of lines and extensive glazing.

Prospects for frame housing construction in Ukraine

For Russia, as well as for the Scandinavian countries, the original technology of wooden housing construction is a log cabin. Frame technology among the Scandinavians completely replaced log cabins, since over the years of operation of frame houses it has shown their practicality, durability and ease of construction. In addition, less solid wood is required for a frame house - wood-like materials can be used. According to the principle of frame technology in Canada and the United States, about 80% of all private housing is being built. Frame houses are being built even in Japan, where high seismic resistance requirements are imposed on buildings.

Huge reserves scaffolding make frame technology especially beneficial for Russia. Frame houses belong to the category of prefabricated buildings, which makes them attractive to private developers, because not everyone can afford to spend a whole year on building housing. The frame house is being built within a few months by 3-4 people. Construction works can be conducted at low temperatures, which is especially important in the northern regions, where the summer is very short. Heat-saving properties frame walls with one layer of insulation is several times higher than that of standard stone ones. At the same time, savings on heating can reach up to 300%. An important role is played by the relatively low cost of a frame house. Its weight is 5 times less than that of a stone one, which makes it possible to use a columnar foundation, which is 4-6 times cheaper than a reinforced concrete monolithic one.