Divorce of water supply pipes in the country. Arrangement of a well for water

For a comfortable stay in a country house or change house, it is desirable to create minimal amenities, including running water. The first thing to do is set up offline source water supply: a well, a well or a storage tank. Next, you need to solve the main task - to lay the water supply in the country with your own hands and organize its smooth operation. How this is implemented in practice in various ways is described in this publication.

Ways to organize water supply

For country houses there are 3 options offline feed water:

from storage tank installed in the attic;
from a well or a closed container using a surface pumping station;
from a well with a submersible pump.

Note. From a shallow well (up to 8 m), water can be pumped by the same pumping station, and for a well or tank, apply submersible pump. But for a summer residence, the latter solution is not economically justified, since the price of downhole equipment is higher than that of surface equipment.

The choice of a suitable system largely depends on the source of water supply. The option with a well is the most costly, especially when there is none on the site. You are unlikely to manage drilling on your own, you will have to turn to specialists and pay money. In addition, you need to purchase submersible pump and a cable for connection, laid in conjunction with the water supply. Dedicated to the solution of this issue.

A well or a pit for a water tank is dug out by hand in 1-2 days, plus another day for arrangement. There are two cost items: the purchase of reinforced concrete rings and the application of waterproofing, which will cost less than drilling and installing a casing pipe with a column. If it is not possible to get to aquifers, a variant with a capacity of 3-10 m³, filled from a tank truck, is being implemented.

Scheme with an attic tank

This is the cheapest way to organize an autonomous water supply for a summer residence, used in small houses with gable roof. The bottom line is simple: any suitable reservoir is placed in the attic - a tank or several barrels with a total volume of 200-600 liters, from where water flows into the dacha premises by gravity. There is no hydraulic accumulator and automation, only internal wiring to the toilet and bathroom.

Such a system is attractive to users for the following reasons:

minimum costs for the purchase of plumbing and pipelines;
the container is filled with any pumping unit through a hose;
if the tank is insulated, then the circuit is able to function in winter.

Reference. Filling an attic tank is usually done from a well using a simple centrifugal pump used for irrigation garden plot and vegetable garden.

The main disadvantage of the system lies in gravity: the more the tank is emptied, the weaker pressure in the water supply network. Some modern sanitary appliances (for example, showers) do not work without backwater from the side of the main. The same applies to storage boilers for hot water supply. Well, the owner himself is troublesome once a week, or even more often, to top up the tank.

System with pumping station

This scheme with automatic water supply in the country provides constant pressure in the network and consists of the following elements:

a pipeline with a check valve at the end, immersed to a level of 30 cm from the bottom of the well;
a pumping station complete with a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch responsible for turning off and starting the engine (colloquially, a hydrophore);
a coarse filter that traps particles larger than 100 microns;
a dry-running relay (sometimes included with the station), which prevents the pump unit from turning on in the absence of water in the line.

The pump pressurizes the system until the relay is set to a certain pressure. During the drawdown, the rubber "pear" of the accumulator pushes out the accumulated water supply, after which the pressure drops and the relay starts the station's electric motor again.

In terms of execution, this scheme is more expensive than the previous one, because you will need to buy the listed equipment and materials, and then dig a trench for laying a water line. But it is reliable and autonomous in operation, the owner of the house will only occasionally have to spend time on maintenance or reconfiguring the relay.

About summer plumbing

The so-called summer water supply in the country - this is a way to reduce the cost and simplify the previous scheme, used in the warm and transitional period of the year, when the street temperature has not dropped to zero degrees. Instead of a pipeline laid on the bottom of a trench with a depth of 1 m or more, a conventional watering hose. It is unwound directly on the ground and attached to the pump nozzle, secured with a clamp. The principle of operation of the circuit and the equipment used remain unchanged.

An important point. The hose cannot be buried in the ground, so it lies on the surface and often gets in the way underfoot. Such a highway is prone to accidental damage and leaks, it can simply be gnawed by a yard dog. Once empty, the pump will not be able to pump water until you fix the problem and manually prime the hose.

To avoid trouble summer plumbing they are made from cheap plastic pipes - HDPE or PPR, buried 10-20 cm into the ground. It is important here to observe the slope towards the well and install a drain valve in order to empty the system in the fall. Another option is to run the pipeline along the wall of the house, as done by the master in the following video:

Installation instructions

As mentioned above, a full-fledged "winter" water supply in the country is hiding from frost in a trench. Its depth depends on the location of the soil freezing boundary, below which it is necessary to go down. If in force different reasons this is not feasible, the pipe is buried as deep as possible (at least 1 m) and well insulated. In some cases, when the line lies close to the surface, it is heated with a special electric cable.

The stages of work on the device of country water supply look like this:

Digging a trench and laying a pipeline from the house to the well with a water intake device.
Installation of a pumping station (hydrophore) in technical room with electrical connection.
filter installation, stop valves and internal wiring.

Note. After starting the system, it may be necessary to adjust the pressure switch, which we will discuss in the last section.

Before the main cycle of work, prepare - select a room and a place in it for installing a hydrophore and outline the route for laying the pipeline from the building to the source of water supply. One recommendation: try to keep the track in a straight line, going along the shortest path to the house. If this is not possible, provide for smooth turns of the trench so that underground pipes do not have to be joined with fittings, but bent with an acceptable radius.

Laying the outer line

The first stage - digging a trench along the intended route, is carried out manually. Ideally, you need to go deep 30 cm below the freezing line of the soil and arrange a sand cushion 100 mm high. The latter is not necessary if the water supply is planned to be laid inside the case from the sewer pvc pipes with insulation, as shown in the diagram.

Advice. Dig a trench with a slight slope (5 mm per 1 m of length) towards the well to empty the line if necessary. The width of the ditch is arbitrary, but not less than 30 cm, otherwise it will be inconvenient to lay pipes.

The device of an external water supply system from the source to the dacha is carried out in the following order:

Dig a trench close to the walls of the well and the foundation of the building, as shown in the photo. If the latter does not provide a mortgage sleeve, then you will have to drill a through hole to enter the pipe into the house. Its diameter must be at least 150 mm. Do the same operation with the wall of the well ring, making an opening Ø50-100 mm.
Pour a sand cushion 10 cm high and lay a HDPE pipe with a diameter of 32 mm along the ditch, leading it into the room and into the well. Another option is to lay Ø100 mm PVC pipes (used for sewage) in a trench, and stretch the water main inside the resulting case.
Carry out passages through the foundation and the wall of the concrete ring in sleeves with mineral wool insulation.
At the end of the pipeline leading to the well site, install a 90 ° elbow and attach to it vertical section water intake with a check valve at the end.

Advice. Do not use polypropylene (PPR) pipes for the external underground network, which are intended only for internal communications.

Drilling the foundation can be avoided if the water level in the source is low. Then the trench digs deeper, and the pipe starts up in country house under a concrete base. There is no need to hurry with backfilling the ditch. It is done last, when the country water supply system is launched and tested in operation. How the trench is prepared and, look at the video:

Installation and connection of the pumping station

The convenience of installing a hydrophore lies in the fact that the main elements of the system - a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch with a pressure gauge - are already assembled according to the scheme, it remains only to connect the communications. But there are some tricks here, so when working, follow these recommendations:

Locate the pumping station close to a vertical pipe coming out of the floor. The horizontal section from the pump to the inlet should be as short as possible and be sloped.
Fix the unit to the floor through vibration-proof spacers.
It is better to connect the supply line to the pump through a strainer installed in a horizontal section.
Most stations have filling holes that are small and inconvenient. Therefore, at the outlet of the pump, put a tee and a pipe Ø32 mm with a tap for filling the system, as shown in the photo.
Attach a 100 micron water filter to the second branch of the tee, and then spread communications around the house.

Since the power consumption of standard pumping stations rarely exceeds 1 kW, a separate electric line pulling from the shield is not necessary, it is enough to put a good socket with a grounding contact. If you plan to heat water for hot water using an electric boiler, then without laying a separate supply cable and installing circuit breakers not enough. Connect your pumping unit to the same line. How the hydrophore is strapped is described in the next video:

Starting and configuring the system

Suction-type surface station can only operate with a water-filled pipeline. Therefore, before starting, the line must be filled with water through the previously provided neck. A non-return valve installed at the water intake end will not let it flow into the well. Fill the system slowly, allowing air to escape through the top, then turn off the tap and turn on the pump. If everything is done correctly, there will be no problems with water supply.

If you are not satisfied with the factory settings of the pressure switch (upper limit - 2.8 bar, lower limit - 1.4 bar), then proceed as follows:

Switch off the unit, unscrew and remove the plastic cover of the pressure switch.
By turning the nut on the large spring with a wrench, change the value of the trip threshold. A nut on a small spring adjusts the delta between the upper and lower limit.
Check the operation of the unit and close the relay cover.

Having completed a successful launch, check the entire street pipeline for leaks, after which you can safely bury the trench.

Conclusion

Self-laying winter version plumbing when arranging a summer house is a rather laborious process, although not difficult. With no experience plumbing work line installation and pumping equipment with strapping will take 1 day without taking into account the digging of the ditch. Special attention pay attention to the tightness of the pipe joints: due to the slightest leak, the pipeline will empty overnight, and in the morning the station will not be able to provide water supply.

Thought independent device summer water supply is visited by many owners of country houses. Water is necessary for summer residents for technical needs (watering plants, feeding animals, etc.) and taking hygiene procedures (shower, bath, etc.). Not all summer residents have the ability to connect to a centralized pipeline, there may be several reasons for this phenomenon:

remoteness of the site from the point of insertion into the centralized water supply system;
high cost of work;
the need to install water consumption meters to pay for resources, etc.

The birth of an idea

Sometimes the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a summer water supply system visits new owners of country houses, when living in a country house is seasonal and investing in the installation of a centralized water supply is economically unreasonable.

Before installing an autonomous summer water delivery option, you must carefully study all possible options by comparing the effectiveness of certain materials. AT last years iron and steel pipes gave way to new pipeline fragments - polypropylene pipes. The cost of such products is almost 4 times lower than the same diameter and length of steel material. There is an economy. In addition, the lightness of polypropylene allows you to mount any water supply system with your own hands, without special equipment and a professional team.

The easiest way to assemble a summer water pipe with your own hands:

Design and procurement of materials

Before you go to the store for materials and consumables for the future summer water supply, you need to carefully consider its scheme. Ideally this scheme is drawn on paper, indicating all the branches and selection points. It is definitely worth considering the issue of creating a couple of releases “just in case” (possible expansion of the irrigation zone for the next year, etc.).

A sketch transferred to paper is necessary for an accurate calculation of the volume of materials. When designing, the following nuances should be taken into account:

water in the summer water supply will move at low pressure, with positive temperature parameters environment. Any types of propylene pipes (PN-10, PN-20, etc.) are suitable for these requirements;
the pipeline passing along the surface of the site must have the necessary level of rigidity, which can be provided by pipes with a diameter of at least 25 mm. The optimal length of products is 2 m (it is convenient to transport even by private car). In addition, couplings (straight and angled) are required;
a coarse filter at the inlet to the pipeline will save the system from frequent blockages and breakdowns;
an important detail is the coupling, which has union nut for quick separation of pipes;
outlets - for connecting to a watering hose system, creating a household outlet, etc. On releases, you will need to install Ball Valves 1/2″;
combined transition fittings - for connecting pipes with metal elements;
to create an outlet for summer shower- pipes with a diameter of 20 mm.
Tees equipped with plugs - plugs for draining water at the end of the summer season. These parts are installed at the lowest points of the system so that water flows out of the pipes by gravity.

Important: summer water supply can be laid directly on the ground, because there are no temperature differences (from heat to frost) from May to September

Tool selection

To connect the polypropylene pipes of the summer water supply, you will need a special tool - a soldering iron. This welding machine is designed specifically for this work and consists of the following parts:

a soldering iron equipped with a heating element and a control unit (with a temperature relay, indicators and switches);
a set of interchangeable nozzles for different diameters of polypropylene pipes. Attached to the heating element with special bolts;
stand necessary for fixing the soldering iron during welding.

Important: Teflon nozzles are strictly not recommended to be cleaned with abrasive particles, this leads to abrasion of the upper layer (responsible for the quality of the connection of parts).

How polypropylene pipes are connected

Diffusion welding of polypropylene parts of the pipeline is a melting of the surfaces to be joined after being placed in them welding machine. Experts recommend connecting only pipes of one manufacturer, this is the only way to achieve a high result.

Before placing the soldering iron head into the pipe, it is necessary to try on cold parts if it is necessary to mark the immersion depth (mark the top and bottom if necessary) with a simple pencil or marker. It is imperative to adhere to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the welding machine for compliance with the modes cold welding: heating - welding - cooling. Elements for connection prepared in advance are placed on the nozzles of the device:

fittings - move onto a special nozzle - mandrel;
pipes - are inserted into a special coupling nozzle.

Important: do not move the connected elements, scroll or otherwise change the position of pipes and fittings. This will weaken the strength of the seam, which will subsequently negatively affect the strength of the entire structure.

The exact time required to withstand when welding polypropylene pipes is shown in the table:

Important: the countdown of the welding itself must begin from the moment the melted parts are joined.

In the described way, all pipes of a home-made water supply are connected, in right places- fittings, adapters and taps are inserted. If you purchase materials in advance and prepare the machine for welding, you can get the job done over the weekend.

If, during the assembly of the pipeline, excessive pipe stresses are formed in certain sections (uneven relief, sharp turns, etc.), the polypropylene pipe itself can be slightly bent using building hair dryer and a special nozzle.

To cut plumbing parts, you will need scissors that are produced specifically for cutting plastic pipes. These scissors differ in the size of the cut diameter (40-75 mm). Some craftsmen use roller cutters. cutting tool it can be a simple grinder, a hacksaw or an electric jigsaw.

Plumbing in the country is not a luxury, but a sign of a civilized owner. The suburban area can be made so comfortable that staying and working on it will bring joy and pleasure.

Water supply is one of important points country life. The lack of a normal water supply system causes a lot of trouble and spoils the nerves.

It is quite possible to make plumbing in the country with your own hands. Patience, accuracy, expert advice - and you all year round you will be provided with water. So, carefully study what types you can equip in your country house.

Centralized water supply.

Centralized water supply is divided into two types:

Used all year round;
For the summer period.

What is a centralized water supply?

This is a system of pipes that are laid at a strictly defined angle towards a distribution or drain well, at the base of which a solenoid or drain valve is necessarily mounted.

Thanks to this design, the intra-house system and in all buildings located nearby is completely freed from the water masses present in it.

With this type of water supply at your dacha, you can have hot water. It is enough to purchase and install a storage water heater.

Important: to connect all buildings to centralized water supply it is necessary that one condition be met: the pressure in the water supply system must be constant, within acceptable values.

If the pressure is rather weak or there are sharp drops, it is recommended to choose the following type of water supply:

Plumbing from a well.

Providing water at your dacha from a well is reliable, practical, profitable.
The basis is a well, which has a number of advantages over a well:

There are no iron impurities;
Sludge pollution is less common;
The cleaning process is easier (bucket + shovel);
Ease of use;
Preservation for the winter (and not only) is much easier;
The solenoid valve or pump can be replaced without dismantling the tight connections.

Modern technologies make it possible to carry out the installation of a water intake from a well in such a way that noise remains minimal during operation, and the conservation process is as simple as possible. To perform these tasks, it is recommended to install water supply systems in which a submersible pump plays the first violin. This unit is located under water, so the noise from the operating unit sinks in the thickness of the water masses.

Draining all the water with such a pump is quite easy. You need to open a special valve and ... That's it, the water is gone without a trace. With a surface pump, things get much more complicated.

Such a submersible pump is installed directly into the well. The distance from the bottom is not less than 0.8 meters. After 3 meters from ground level, a special drain valve is attached to the pipe that supplies water. During operation, this valve will ensure a high-quality discharge of the entire amount of water.

Important: In order for the water to drain completely, do not forget to lay the pipes at a slope to your well!

Please note that the water supply in your country house, mounted by yourself, will function throughout the entire period without failures if you think carefully about the depth at which it should be located.

The laying depth parameters are as follows (depending on the season of use):

Spring - autumn: up to 1 meter;
Winter - more than 2 meters.

You can lay plumbing into the house under the foundation. If direct access to the subfloor is not possible, then installation is carried out through the wall of your house.

Note that both options will allow you to use plumbing system even when sub-zero temperatures. A water heating cable laid where there is no heating will allow maintaining a positive temperature in this segment. Install a DHW tank well water has a low temperature.

This type of water supply system also allows for high-quality watering of the site. It is possible to install separate watering racks and the option of docking with a crane from the side of the street.

Important: be sure to install a dry running and pressure switch. These devices maintain the required pressure, soften the jumps during the turning on and off of this pump, turn off the unit in the event of an emergency drop in the water level.

Video plumbing from a well in the country on their own:

A well for delivering water to the house.

If you decide to live outside the city throughout the year, you can equip the water supply in the country using the well method.

The composition of the water supply system using a well:

I. The well itself.
II. Submersible pump.
III. Inter-house pipelines.
IV. Filter.
V. Complex of automatic adjustment.
VI. Taps, valves, fittings.
VII. Hydraulic accumulator.

Wells are:

Sandy. May contain clay and sand particles. Requires a mechanical filter.
Artesian. A special filter is needed to remove iron and some other trace elements. It is worth conducting a chemical analysis of the composition of water.

It should be noted that autonomous water supply country house using a well has many advantages:

Water supplies are not limited.
You can take a lot of water in case of increased need.
Long service life (more than 50 years).

To increase the life of the well, equip a pipe of the desired diameter. The top is hermetically sealed with a cap that will not let dust, insects, small particles of debris in. Drilling is carried out only by special organizations.

The water is pumped out by a submersible pump. This operation requires careful handling of long hoses for lowering and raising the pump and electrical cables.

The supply of water from the well to the house passes through the pipeline. Give preference to plastic pipes. Advantages:

Long service life;
Are not subject to corrosion;
Low hydraulic resistance.

For use in the warm season, it can be laid at a depth not exceeding 1 meter. Do not forget to drain all the water in the fall, in order to avoid a gap.

If you plan to spend the whole year in the country, lay pipes, adding to the freezing depth of the local soil, another reserve: at least 20 cm. The type of soil greatly affects the freezing depth. For example, clay freezes to 1.35 m, and stony soil to 2.00 m.

It is also possible to install a heating wire inside (aka), which will make it possible to install pipes at a shallower depth. Provide thermal insulation modern materials, for example, Penoplex. It will last more than a dozen years.
Filters are selected based on water quality tests.

First, a filter is installed, and only after that a hydraulic accumulator is mounted, which, together with automation, will allow:

Choose optimal mode pump operation. The number of starts and shutdowns that cause equipment wear is reduced.
The pressure is kept at a constant level.
The possibility of a sharp increase in pressure when the pump is turned on is nullified, because frequent hydraulic shocks will break the unit.

At self-assembly don't forget about important details, which will need quite a lot. It's about about various taps, valves, check valves and fittings that will connect all the nodes in a closed circuit.

The structure in the form of a tree, which branches from the bottom up, allows a quick drain of water and allows you to quickly repair or preserve for the winter.

Do-it-yourself winter plumbing.

Arrangement in winter time years is realistic if you have a boiler. The accumulative option is preferable.

Models are predominantly "vertical". Volume - about 100 liters, power: up to 2.5 kW. The calculation is made for a family of 3-4 people.

The basement is rarely heated, so during installation it is necessary to lay a heating cable so that the system works without failures in cold weather.

The sources for the winter version are different:

Centralized highway;
Well;
Well.

The first and second options are preferable, since the well requires large financial costs during operation. And if it is not used for a long time, siltation and stagnation of water occur.

If you decide to carry out winter plumbing in the country, choose polypropylene as the material. They have a lot of advantages if a comparative analysis of indicators is carried out along with metal or polyethylene pipes:

Features of winter water supply in the country.

The conservation system is the most important attribute. Before the planned departure, all the water is drained, so a gap is excluded.
They are laid below the freezing depth corresponding to the given area. Middle level- below 1.5 m.
It is important to observe the slope in order to easily drain the water during conservation.
The special electric heating cable does not freeze.
The wiring method is necessarily consistent.

Components of the winter water supply system.

Modern polypropylene pipes.
Pump (preferably submersible).
Solenoid tap or drain valve.
Hydraulic accumulator.
A special type of water heating cable.

How to make hot water out of cold water.

Who said that your dacha should have Spartan conditions?! Be sure to install an electric storage water heater that will provide for you and your family hot water all year round.

Boiler - best option installation. Manufacturers of water heating equipment offer consumers models of different sizes, capacities and designs. Choose the one that will fully meet the needs of the family.

From 30 to 100 liters - this is the range of tank volumes electric water heater. Pay attention to an important point.

A bathroom or shower cubicle requires a tank with a volume of at least 80 liters. In the absence of a boiler of 30 or 50 liters, it is quite suitable.

A tankless water heater consumes more electricity, the power of suburban substations is small, which can lead to problems and power outages.

Advantages of storage water heaters:

Automatic mode of operation;
Maintenance of the set temperature;
System automatic shutdown overheating;
Long service life.

Important: during operation, rust, sand, clay particles accumulate inside the heating tank. Once every 2 years, it is necessary to carry out preventive cleaning of the inside of the tank in order to avoid damage to the unit.

When arranging a system using a well, hot water supply is paramount.

The advantage of a deep well is that the water does not heat up well even in the summer heat.
The questions discussed above will allow you to independently install the water supply system at your dacha.

Remember that in such a serious and responsible matter as arranging a water supply system with your own hands, there are no trifles.

Calculate the required amount of materials, make an estimate, consult with experts in this field. After completion of work, it is necessary to draw up documentation giving the right to operate the constructed water supply system.

Here, as in the well-known proverb, you need to measure everything seven times, that is, calculate in advance how much water you will need for normal living at the dacha of the whole family, and do this even with a small margin.

The calculation should be made taking into account all points of water consumption and water intake, taking into account the amount of their constant use by all family members. The most water-consuming objects should also be taken into account - a sauna, a bathhouse, the area of \u200b\u200bthe site allotted for growing vegetables, an orchard, which in some regions is now difficult to grow without irrigation.

With each liter of water counted in water consumption, the proposed future source of water supply should also become more abundant.

When locating a water supply source, be sure to take into account the fact that every ten meters of the pipeline will reduce the pump head by 1 meter. This is necessary so that water can be delivered to the most remote corners of the site.

With a small flow of water - for example, if you use the house only as a summer home and a place to relax, you can make a shaft well. It is easy to build, relatively inexpensive, and all the work on its device is easy to do with your own hands. It is fed with water by ground water, the depth of which ranges from 4 to 15 meters.

The device of a mine well is the simplest: a cap above the ground, underground reinforced concrete rings or a frame made of wooden beam thick, usually 25 cm.

The shaft of such a country well should be deepened into the aquifer by 3, and even better by four meters. At the bottom of the shaft well, layers of sand, gravel, crushed stone are alternately covered, each of which should be 20-25 centimeters thick, subsequently they will act as a natural filter for cleaning incoming water. Many, in addition to the bottom flow of water, also make holes in the concrete rings so that it comes from the sides. Then set to the bottom.

The amount of water that a shaft-type well can provide cannot, of course, be calculated in advance. This can be done after its construction - for this, the initial volume of water that has entered it by gravity is calculated, after which it is pumped out by a pump and the time is measured after which it will be filled again to the previous level.

In principle, it is always enough for a normal water supply for a summer cottage, they also dry up extremely rarely, in my practice of a “shabashnika” this happened only a few times, and even then after pumping out the water and cleaning, disinfecting the well, the water began to flow again.

If groundwater is deep

If a suitable aquifer is located at a depth of more than 15 meters and deeper, then the option with a well is eliminated, in which case a well will have to be drilled. They are drilled "on sand" and "on limestone".

Let's explain:

Drilling a well in sand is much faster, much cheaper, and so much easier that if you borrow a tool from someone, even an inexperienced person can handle this job.

To construct a well in sand, only a pump, a filter mesh, and a casing steel pipe with a diameter of 125-133 mm will be needed.

Drilling a well "on the sand" takes no more than two days. Such a well will provide you with a volume of water equal to a cube per hour. This is not much, but quite enough for most owners of a personal plot.

Among the disadvantages of drilling a well “on sand”, it can be noted that the water from it is not very clean, and, therefore, the well will “silt up” over time. As a rule, even with its not very intensive use, the life of the well "on sand" is 4-5 years.

An artesian well or a “limestone” well is expensive, takes a long time, 90% of summer residents will not be able to drill it on their own, but ... It lasts a long time, from 30 to 75 years (depending on the amount and concentration of suspensions) and can give out “to the mountain” from 5 to 100 cubic meters of water per hour (at a depth of 30 meters).

Drilling artesian wells or wells "on limestone"

The most commonly used method is to run the casing to the limestone layer through the clay layers. The next stage is the “opening” of the limestone layer, which is drilled with the so-called “open hole”, to the very aquifer.

In order to avoid damage to the rock, through which surface water can penetrate deep into, grouting is used, which consists in pouring a small volume of cement-sand mortar through a special steel pipe upon reaching the limestone layer. There is such a peculiar filling of cracks through which contaminated surface water could get into the "artesian".

By the way, the water contained in limestone (from 30 m and deeper) is no longer groundwater, but artesian water. To get it, you need to get permission from the authorities. Work can only be carried out by a specialized licensed company.

This type of wells is even required to obtain a special "well passport".

Using the so-called European well drilling technology (so-called because the same technology was used a long time ago in some regions of the USSR), the well device is of a two-pipe nature.

The first pipe with a large diameter stands on the limestone itself, after which a well is drilled with a final, working diameter. In order to avoid contamination of the artesian well surface waters between the two types of used pipes, a sealing plug is made of compactonite clay.

Such a well will cost more than an ordinary one-pipe well by more than 50%. As a rule, several neighbors drill them together, but even that comes out all the same expensive. Their very existence at such a cost is explained very high quality water.

Lifting water from a well or well

So, we got to the rise of water from a well or well. To establish the supply of water from a not very deep mine well, the vast majority of summer residents use surface pumps.

The main condition for their use is the distance from the water source to the house: in most designs of such pumps, it cannot be more than 50 meters (or rather, it can - there will be no sense).

If the well is deep, or a filter well is used to extract water, these are the same surface pumps, but already ejector ones. More often, submersible well pumps are used, which can easily “master” a distance of 40 meters (depth).

Well, if you are a happy owner of an artesian well, then you have to use a submersible borehole pump, which is quite capable of lifting water from a depth of 100 meters.

If there is a desire to automate the whole thing, then you will have to resort to buying a CAB (autonomous water supply system), which consists directly of the pump itself, a hydraulic accumulator and a control pressure switch. The thing is excellent, but for many expensive.

Pros and cons of different methods of extracting water

Mine well Labor-intensive work. Despite the fact that a lot of its construction can be done with your own hands, you will have to call in equipment and assistants, at least at the stage of digging, excavating earth from the well space and lowering concrete rings there. The advantages of the mine well design are obvious: the possibility of self-repair, cleaning and disinfection as such a need arises (it may not occur for decades - it all depends on the place). It is recommended to resort to a shaft structure in dachas and areas with a close level of groundwater.
What is a driving, or in other words, an Abyssinian well This is a design in which a steel pipe is driven into the ground until it reaches the underground water table. On its lower link there is a filter and a head with holes made in it, through which the water will actually get inside this very steel pipe and be pumped out from there by a pump.
What is a well chamber The option that people move to the country for permanent residence now not uncommon - hence the need for water constantly. In this case, a well chamber is built to protect electrical appliances from the effects of precipitation. The chamber is easy to build with your own hands from the same concrete rings or blocks with maximum waterproofing. Cover required.
What is a drill well This is such a water supply device when a well is drilled to the groundwater table. Then, to a depth of 7-8 meters, an ordinary sewer pipe (115 millimeters in diameter) is mounted in it, after which, using a filter segment (such blue polyethylene pipes), water enters the pipe and climbs up.

Water supply from a well - both cold and hot: how to do it?

If the dacha already has a well (maybe made by hand, or maybe left over from the previous owners), then with a relatively low cost you can organize not only cold, but also hot water supply at home. In our case, an inexpensive submersible pump "Aquarius" was used to lift the water. The pipe exit from the well is waterproofed with silicone and cement. The distance from the well to the house is 5-6 m. So that there is no stagnation of water in the system, a valve is placed at the lowest level of the network.

We conduct water with our own hands - step by step

Using a cable, the pump was lowered into the well, preventing tension on the power cable and supply hose. Fixed the cable to the surface. A cap for water intake was installed on the supply hose.
We supply water to the house through a polyethylene pipe stretched along the bottom of a trench 50 cm deep. At the same time, a second pipe was laid, inside which an electric cable was passed.
The supply pipe was connected to the - further part of the water supply using a check valve to prevent the water from draining back into the well. A mechanical (coarse) filter was installed.
They brought the supply hose into the house. A pressure switch, a pressure gauge and a fine filter were installed on the inlet dispensing unit. Connected everything to the mains.
After being cleaned and filtered, the water enters the accumulator, which maintains the required pressure in the pressurized water supply system, saving the time the pump is turned on.
From the distributing unit, wiring was carried out along the walls of polypropylene pipes. The bathroom has a shower, sink and water heater.

Every summer resident who is puzzled by the question of its construction should know the requirements for the “correct” well.

Often on suburban area, not connected to a centralized water supply, cottage owners have to drill a well or dig a well. The task is not easy. But even in the event of a power outage, the well will provide continuous water supply.

With a relatively small depth of groundwater in the area (up to 40 m), they construct mine wells, water enters them through the bottom of the well (90%) and partially through loose wall joints (10%). The usual depth of such a well is 10-15 meters.

Summer plumbing

First, consider the plumbing device in the country, which will be operated only in summer period time. Such a water supply system is used for watering plants in the country, connecting and current household needs. In winter, its operation is not provided. Summer water supply in the country can be both permanent and collapsible.

The most common is the water supply, the pipes (hoses) of which lie directly on the ground. They make such a water supply system from simple rubber or silicone hoses connected to each other by adapters.

Connecting adapters are commercially available, they are made of galvanized steel or plastic. On sale there are also special latches on the one hand, which have "ruffs" where the hose is put on, and on the other hand there is a convenient spring-loaded connector. These latches can be connected and disconnected in one motion. They are quite capable of providing a reliable joint.

Note that when buying hoses, you need to take rubber ones with thick walls, which are reinforced with nylon fibers. Of course, plastic plumbing in the country will cost less, but such hoses will last longer - at least 15 years.

For a permanent summer water supply, pipes must be laid in the ground, and water taps should be brought to the surface. In this case, it is enough to just cover the pipes with earth a little so as not to stumble over them and to protect them from theft.

The main disadvantage of a permanent summer water supply is the need to observe a slope to the connection point - to the main highway. At this lowest point of the water supply, a drain valve is placed in order to drain water for the winter. Otherwise, the water may freeze and break the pipes.

Now let's talk about more solid and capital schemes. Let's start with a description of the winter plumbing. Winter does not mean that it can only be used in winter, it just means that the water supply system is carried out according to a permanent scheme and can be operated at any time of the year, even winter.

To supply water from a well, it is better to use a submersible pump. Its power is chosen depending on the depth from which water will be supplied. For a well up to ten meters deep, a rather small “brook” or “aquarius” is quite small. If water is supplied from a well, then you will have to buy a more powerful pump, which will cost much more.

Due to the fact that during the installation of a winter water supply, the pump must be connected to a voltage source, it is permissible to combine cable laying and water supply in a single casing made of plastic sewer pipes. It will protect well from freezing and mechanical damage.

Plumbing

For laying water pipes, you can use plastic pipes with soldered connections or special plastic fittings. For soldered joints, a special electric soldering iron is used. It is not very expensive, besides, in specialized stores, such soldering irons are often offered for rent. To install the pipeline, you will need a soldering iron for no more than a day. Connections on fittings are made with “bare hands” without a soldering iron. For a regular dacha, pipes with a diameter of 20 or 25 millimeters are quite suitable.

When laying a water pipe, pipes must be placed below the freezing level of the soil. The value of this value for each specific climatic zone can be found in special reference books. But often, in order not to dig too deep a trench, you can use one of the following methods:

Fill the pipe laid at a depth of 60 centimeters with a 20-30 cm layer of insulation made of foam chips, furnace slag, expanded clay, etc. The main condition is that the insulation does not absorb moisture well and is strong enough.
Insulate the pipeline with an insulation system consisting of special thermal insulation and a casing made of corrugated polyethylene. With the help of such a system, the depth of the trench can be made much smaller (about 30 centimeters).
Lay a heating cable that allows you to lay pipes on the surface at all. But you have to pay a lot for electricity.

It should be noted that the trench should approach the house at a right angle, because it will be necessary to dig the foundation, which is fraught with its settlement and the formation of cracks in the wall.

To connect the pump to the water supply next to the well, it is necessary to arrange a pit, one meter deep and 70x70 centimeters in size. The walls of the pit are laid out with bricks, or they are strengthened in another way, for example, boards impregnated with an antiseptic. It would be more correct to fill the bottom of the pit with concrete or on extreme case fill with rubble and tamp.

Take out and fix in the pit water pipe with a "ruff" for attaching the hose that comes from the pump, as well as the electrical wire. The function of the pit is that, if necessary, you can easily disconnect and remove the pump. The pit is insulated to prevent freezing of water in the pump hose.

To connect the pump, install a waterproof outlet or use a hermetic contact connector, better known as "father-mother". The main condition is that the pump can be safely connected and disconnected, even if the cable is energized.

Water folding devices

With how to make plumbing in the country, we decided. Now let's take a closer look at water-folding devices. For outdoor use, bronze or cast-iron gate valves, as well as ordinary taps with valve axle boxes, are quite suitable. Ball valves have an attractive appearance, but it is undesirable to use them: when the tap is in the open position for a long time or vice versa - closed, as well as with strong temperature fluctuations and exposure to precipitation - such taps can quickly fail.

The most complex plumbing unit is a water folding unit, which is located outdoors, or in unheated room. Special requirements are imposed on him, because he will have to work at low temperatures. Usually use water columns. The disadvantage of the column is the complexity of installation and high cost.

Plumbing in the country is a vital necessity. Without water it is impossible to get a normal harvest, it is impossible to live a single day. Do-it-yourself plumbing in the country is relatively easy to install. The main difficulties, as always, with finances. If they are, then it is not difficult to buy everything you need.

How to make a water network?

Do-it-yourself plumbing in the country is done based on the following considerations:

If a person is at their summer cottage only during the warm period, then it is possible to build a summer water supply system, which will be completely removed or preserved during the cold season.
If a person visits a summer cottage and in winter period, then a full-scale scheme for installing water supply and sewerage should be applied, which will allow the use of winter water supply in the country.

The main thing is that a pipe of the central water supply or a well should come to the site. If not, then you will have to fork out to create a source of water. It is best then to call a brigade that is engaged in drilling wells. The depth of the structure should be at least 120-200 m, then the performance of the pumps will allow you to get up to 10 cubic meters of water per hour. If it's too big then simple well 15-30 m will provide a country house with a plot of approximately 1.5 cubic meters. m of water. It all depends on the area occupied by the suburban area.

After the owner has decided and the water has appeared on the site, you can start harvesting materials and tools. If summer water supply is installed in the country, then you must do the following:

On the construction market you need to choose pipes for water supply or thick-walled hoses.
Purchase all the necessary plumbing fittings and tools.

After that, you can begin to mount the plumbing with your own hands.

Required plumbing work

How to make plumbing in the country? To do this, you must first draw up a plan for the passage of summer water pipes throughout the site. The system is used for watering plants and introduced into a country house for technical needs. If there is a well on the site, then a pumping unit is lowered there, from the exit of which they begin to carry out plastic pipes.

But first, a special pipeline exit is made - a straight line, which should have a depth of about 1 m, and its dimensions are 700x700 mm. It is better to concrete its bottom and walls and cover with an antiseptic. This is necessary so that, if necessary, it is possible to remove the pump from the well. Electrical cable must connect the unit to a protected, moisture-proof socket.

If there is little time for arranging a summer cottage, then in order to create a summer water supply in the country, you can do it quite simply. To do this, purchase hoses and fittings - twins or tees. From them, right on the ground, they assemble the simplest network for water, which in winter can simply be quickly dismantled and put in a barn until spring. You can also use special "ruffs" with latches and use them to assemble the desired water network from the hoses.

But if the owner does not plan to dismantle the entire structure for the winter, then it is better to make it out of plastic using a soldering iron for plastic pipes.

After connecting all the details (angles, tees, valves) according to the plan and entering a half-inch pipe into the house through a special hole, a mixer is installed there. In places where plants are watered, a special fitting can be provided at the end of the pipe for rubber hose. The laying of the summer version, which will provide water supply to the cottage, can be carried out independently. To do this, they dig shallow trenches (30 cm deep) and lay the entire pipeline in them according to the plan. All its parts should be laid with a slight slope, and a drain valve should be installed at one of the ends. It is needed so as not to leave water in the pipes for the winter period, otherwise they will burst in the cold.

You can choose to install watering a polyethylene sleeve that will supply water to the grooves around the beds. In order not to trip over plastic pipes or hoses, you can dig shallow grooves for them, drowning and covering the entire network with earth.

To install a country water supply that can withstand severe frosts, it is necessary to choose thicker-walled plastic pipes. Such a water supply system with your own hands can be built in a few days.

To do this, you must first lay ditches with a depth of at least 50-60 cm according to the developed plan. Then they lower and assemble the water supply network with all the necessary elements into the trench. They make special exits for taps with fittings, which should be on the surface of the earth. After that, you can wrap the plastic heat-insulating material and cover the pipeline with earth.

A pipe is introduced into the house from the bottom of the foundation, for this a special heat-insulated hole is made. Sewer pipes must be taken from the house to the place where he is cesspool. They are installed at an angle to wastewater could go out on their own. The depth of these pipes is about 50 cm.

Such country water supply will allow you to have an uninterrupted supply of water all winter.

What do you need to have for a water supply in the country?

Necessary materials, tools, equipment:

Pipes low pressure from polyethylene for arranging sewerage.
Plastic water pipes.
Rubber hoses, metal or plastic fittings.
Well pump unit.
Plumbing fittings (tees, elbows, gaskets, valves, faucets).
Shovel, measuring tool, scrap.
Soldering unit for welding plastic pipes.

During earthworks, a small shovel and a crowbar work effectively in country conditions. No need to skimp on the creation of a well - it will last 15-20 years with proper operation and constant cleaning. The main thing is not to rush. It is necessary to draw up a detailed plan for the location of valves, outlet fittings, calculate the required amount of plumbing fittings, and only then get down to business.

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