Equipment for autonomous water supply. We are building an autonomous water supply for a country house

A decade or two ago, living in a private house meant putting up with a number of inconveniences in everyday life, which invariably appeared in this case. As an example, it is easy to name the absence in such a building of a bathroom or at least a shower, sinks in the kitchen, hand washing of clothes and, of course, the fact that the toilet is exclusively outside the house. The lack of a centralized water supply meant constant replenishment of water supplies exclusively with water from a well, which was physically quite difficult. The situation was better if it was possible to draw water from the column.

All the same, this put people in front of the need to constantly walk for water and simply took up precious time. Again, washing dishes in a basin and swimming in it is not the best solution. And most of the above problems were solved only by connecting the house to a centralized water supply. The most interesting thing is that it is not necessary to do this with the help of state structures. You can do it yourself, even on the basis of a well or a well. And this will make it possible to enjoy various civilizational benefits no worse than in an apartment. This article will show you how to put it into practice.

Peculiarities

The water supply of a private house is the provision of a building of the specified type with water. There are various solutions to provide water to residents of the house, depending on what water sources are near the building. It should be noted that one can talk about a normal water supply only if the inhabitants who live in it do not experience any problems in the provision of water resources.

The regulation of this issue should be carried out according to the main regulatory act - SNiP 2.04.01-85 called "The rate of water consumption by consumers." Regulation of water consumption according to this rate ranges from 80 to 230 liters per person per day. Such a large spread depends on whether the house has a sewerage system, a shower or bath, a water heater, and a centralized water supply.

It is clear that in high-rise buildings this issue is practically not at all due to the presence of most of the above benefits. And in a country house or a residential cottage, you will have to provide water supply on your own.

Sources and subtleties of water intake

It should be said that there are several options for the formation of a water intake mechanism. Much will depend on the water supply source, as well as other points.

If we are talking about centralized water supply, meaning water supply, then its creation is possible only if the water main runs at least not too far from the building you are interested in. To connect to it, you should visit the organization that maintains such mechanisms and on whose balance sheet it is located. Here you should be told on what conditions you can connect your house to a water branch.

You should be told where the connection point will be, how deep the water pipes will be laid, what diameter they will have, and also what pressure you can count on.

If we consider the practical side, then this option has certain disadvantages:

• rapid fall or lack of any water pressure;
• rather poor water quality and the presence of various impurities;
• in case of an accident, the building remains without water, and for how long, it is often unknown;
• You have to pay for this service every month.

There is also an autonomous water supply. Such a mechanism, as a rule, is implemented on the basis of the use of a well or a well. Let's consider both options.

The answer to the question whether a well or a well is better depends on the following factors:

• the location of the aquifer and the depth of occurrence;
• the performance that a water vein can provide;
• properties of the earth itself.

If we talk about the well-based option, then it is usually done when the water consumed for food is at a depth of 5-16 meters. The aquifer type must be large in order to have enough capacity to meet family needs.

It is better to count on a family of four. As a rule, such a family needs about 200 liters per day.

The advantages of just such a water supply system will be that if the electricity goes out, and, accordingly, automation, then it will be possible to get water using the simplest bucket on a rope. The operation of the well can be carried out for about 50 years, which is significantly longer than the life of any well. You can also significantly reduce the cost of construction work if you dig a well shaft yourself. In this case, you will only have to pay for the material of the walls of the well and the installation of the rings themselves.

Before making a decision, you should talk to people who are already using the chosen option. You can take water for analysis to see if it is suitable for everyday use. Most often, if there are wells in the area, then there is no point in making wells. Exactly the same situation will be with wells.

If we talk about this option, then the wells are different. For example, there are artesian-type wells or sand solutions.

A sand well is so named because it usually penetrates aquifers from above, which are located in a sandy horizon. Usually it is located behind the loamy layer, which filters groundwater. Typically, such a well has a depth of up to 50 meters. In general, the course of the water layer can be different depending on the region, so the indicated depth of the well can easily differ. There are cases when a depth of 15 meters is enough for drilling a well, if you get to the river underground.

Such a solution will be optimal, because there will simply be no clogging of pipes and filters with sand. Such aquifer system will work for 15-20 years. And the usual sand - a maximum of 5-7 years. It will be much cheaper to make it manually, but the extrusion of the soil will be less. In addition, there are excellent chances to get to a large layer of aquifer type with clean water. But machine drilling will be significantly more expensive and its efficiency will be lower, since the machine simply punches a well of a given depth.

And this is not the case when the deeper the well, the better.

If we talk about artesian-type wells, they usually use an aquifer that is located in limestone rocks. Their depth is much greater than sand and is about 130-140 meters. The water here will be much better and its supply will be practically unlimited. Water intake is carried out without any special equipment, because the water is under the influence of pressure and just shoots up. In addition, it is completely excluded that sewage or groundwater enters such a well. You can use a well for about half a century, that is, in the same way as a well. The cost of drilling will be significantly higher than that of the "on sand" option. This is mainly due to the significantly greater depth.

But the main problem will not even be this, but the fact that such wells need to be registered, because we are talking about strategic state reserves.

And all this paperwork can take a significant amount of time.

Note that options for tech category water intake are usually located no closer than twenty meters from cleaning mechanisms, compost pits, and the like. For their arrangement, it is necessary to choose a site that is not flooded, where flooding and subsequent infection with bacteria are completely excluded. It should also be noted that the water intake structure should be surrounded by a blind area, the width of which is about two meters, as well as a clay castle with a meter depth and half a meter width. Its ground part will have a height of 70-90 centimeters and a cover that protects against dust and precipitation.

Device

The water supply mechanism is one of the main components of home life. There is no point in talking about her work again. The design of the network is made in such a way that the building is fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners.

It is necessary to organize a mechanism so that water enters the water intake points from the water meter unit. This mechanism makes it possible to significantly reduce housing costs.

In order for such a system to function efficiently, it must be equipped with technical devices and equipment that provides not only partially, but also fully automatic operating mode. In order for the system to become such, it is necessary to install a hydraulic accumulator. It is used as a buffer tank, where a water supply is formed, or as a device that allows you to maintain a stable water pressure in the mechanism. A membrane tank will also be needed. It is usually divided into 2 compartments. One will contain water, and the other will contain air. They are separated by a rubber membrane. When the container is filled with water, the air part is compressed more and increases the pressure inside the tank.

When the pressure rises, the electrical relay switches off the pump.

At the moment when a water supply tap is opened somewhere, the pressure in the system begins to slowly drop. The electrical relay again responds to such a change. It reactivates the pump when the water level reaches 50 percent. The use of a hydraulic accumulator allows not only to ensure the automation of all water supply systems and create water reserves, but also significantly extend the life of pumping equipment by reducing the number of switching on and off.

It should be said that autonomous water supply mechanisms usually consist of external and internal elements. The internal part usually includes pipes laid from the source to the water intake points, plumbing equipment, fittings, an accumulation tank, a pump, and a hydraulic accumulator.

In order to select the features of the mechanism as accurately and correctly as possible, you should:

• clearly articulate the requirements for how intensive and regular water supply you need;
• understand what sources of water supply are, as well as how much this or that system will cost;
• analyze water quality;
• select equipment and calculate the approximate cost of laying engineering-type networks.

How to choose?

In order to make a choice of a water supply mechanism in the case under consideration or for some similar type of building, it is necessary to start from a number of criteria. The type of water supply system chosen will also depend on the budget that a person is willing to spend on it. It should also not be forgotten that the choice of a water supply mechanism can be based not only on the conditions in which the family lives and on the goals that are planned to be achieved. This choice is also influenced by the type of water supply system.

There are two main categories:

• gravity;
• pressure head.

Both options have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, the gravity option has an affordable price, and the savings on equipment in this case will be very decent. In simple terms, a gravity mechanism is a water tower or tower, as well as a container. Considering that the capacity of the tower is at the top, consumers receive water without any pumps. Usually, gravity systems are used in summer cottages or in country houses where no one lives on a permanent basis, since heating water in such tanks, as well as cleaning it, is a rather problematic issue.

If you decide to approach this issue more rationally and efficiently, then a pressure analogue will be an excellent solution for you. It works as expected - on a combination of pumps, as well as a hydraulic accumulator, which is installed in the water supply mechanism. The use of this option allows you to be sure that your home will always have water in the required amount. The cost of a mechanism of this type will be higher than a gravity-flow system. But the difference in operation will be significant, and for people who value comfort, this will be a much better solution than the torment of a gravity-fed system.

The installation of pressure solutions will definitely be the right solution if a water supply system is used, which will be based on a well or an artesian source. In such places, the water is clean, that is, there is no need for purification and filtration. In general, if you install a filter, you can be sure that the inhabitants of the house will drink clean water.

But the most important advantage of such a system will, of course, be the possibility of obtaining the required amount of water at any time of the day and year.

Wiring diagram

Now we should talk about plans for connecting various systems, depending on a number of factors. And it's not just about water. Much will depend on the goals of the residents of the house and their wishes and needs. The design of a system built on a well and a system based on an artesian well will be different. For this reason, this issue should be considered in more detail.

wells

The water supply mechanisms of a private house from a well contain three main parts:

• source of water supply;
• pumping device, which consists of a hydraulic accumulator and a pump;
• pipeline.

There is nothing difficult in the device of this type of mechanism, so it is possible to do it yourself. It should be said that even when you make the calculation, do it in such a way that the water supply and drainage are done together and you can mount them all at once. In order to conduct water from the well, a pipeline should be laid from it. The laying of pipes will consist of earthworks, namely digging trenches, laying pipes and creating an airtight connection between them. On one part, the entire pipeline structure is connected to the source, and on the second - to the consumer. Also, one of the types of hydraulic accumulator is connected to the system, which usually has automation. You should also make sure that the pipes are insulated. The best solution would be to simply fill the trenches with concrete, and also treat the resulting tunnel with hydrocement. This technique has been implemented for quite a long time, because first you need to carry out formwork, make reinforcement, provide access, and so on, which makes its cost high.

In this case, you should not try to lay pipes below the freezing point of the soil, unless it is at a depth of two meters. The best solution in this case would be the usual laying of pipes, but also the use of complex insulation and a heating cable. Everything is clear with the latter - it is attached with a special mounting tape, usually made of aluminum according to the instructions. As a rule, one end of the cable is muffed at the factory, and there will be a plug at the other end. When it has been installed, it remains only to plug it into the outlet.

When the cable is installed, it is necessary to make a complex pipe insulation. It is better for her to use foil plan materials, which are based on fiberglass or fiberglass. In order for pipes to resist corrosion, it is better to choose solutions made of polypropylene. To heat the pipeline, use a resistive single-core or two-core cable. It is best to take a two-wire wire and not try to save money.

The important point is that there are such wires with a permanent and variable connection. It is best to take a model with variable resistance, because it will be cheaper and will constantly work at full power.

Yes, this option will be more expensive, but it will consume less energy.

In general, the best solution in this case would be a self-regulating wire that has a variable resistance type. It is usually sold as prefabricated sections that come in different lengths.

Now let's say a little about the accumulator. Through the pipeline, water enters the accumulator, and from there to consumers. Many consumers generally buy expensive pumping solutions from European manufacturers, where a hydraulic accumulator is not needed. But it is not possible to independently mount such a solution, unless the person is a specialist in working with this type of electronic models.

That is why the accumulator will be simply necessary. It must accumulate moisture in itself and provide, maintain a certain level of pressure in the system. As a rule, it is mounted on a storage tank.

Central water supply

If we talk about the water supply scheme of a private house of a centralized type, then it implies the putting in order of all legal documents that secure the right of a person to own a house, as well as the land on which it is located. That is, at the first stage, you first need to get a plan of the site where the house is located in the office of the geological cadastre, on a scale of one to five hundred. On it, all communications passing underground, which are located on the site, as well as the pipe laying routes from the central water pipe passing through it, must be accurately applied in a schematic form.

After the technical conditions for connection have been received, you should write an appeal to the local Vodokanal. It is possible that this service may be paid. In addition, the technical conditions for connection may be prepared by the relevant authority within one calendar month. The formation of the project after receiving them will also be paid, but it must be done. Its implementation can be ordered in a special design department of Vodokanal itself. If there are technical conditions, the next step will be to obtain consent to the connection from the SES. As a rule, this also takes one calendar month. Despite the fact that, as a rule, the organization itself, which develops the project, coordinates it with city utilities - gas workers, power engineers, signalmen, it will not be superfluous to obtain permission from all of the above structures for the applicant himself, since if this is necessary, then the response time to the appeal in these organizations will also be thirty days.

And only after the project has been drawn up and all its approvals have been made with the competent authorities, it is necessary to register it with the sanitary and epidemiological authority in order to obtain the appropriate permits.

Note that in the vast majority of cases, the company that will draw up the project will offer a water supply scheme in the building, where there are several points for connecting household appliances and plumbing fixtures. It is considered standard. Internal wiring in this case can be anything, depending on the wishes of the customer. Although it should be said that it should be such that the system can be easily upgraded at any time.

For example, make it a bypass line in the house.

This is not surprising due to the fact that specialists in design organizations clearly understand that the process of building a house can take a long time and at some point significant adjustments can be made to its design, due to which the internal wiring will have to be significantly changed . The only thing that can be said for sure is that the water meter is always installed in the place where it is marked on the project.

During the design process, if specialists are involved in this process, then immediately at the site of the shooting of the object, the wishes of the owner of the house will be taken into account about where it is better to place certain devices, as well as how it will be better to lay communications. If we are talking about the construction of a standard building according to a standard project, then the design of the water supply system will be carried out according to a standard model for this category of buildings.

Mounting

Like any other work with engineering-type mechanisms, the formation of a do-it-yourself water supply system for a private building should be done in a clear and definite sequence. First, it is necessary to equip the water source directly, that is, to carry out, for example, horizontal directional drilling (HDD).

After that, the installation is carried out:

• pipes, both those outside and those inside;
• various pumps and additional equipment;
• cleaning filters;
• distribution manifold;
• device for heating water.

The final stage will be the direct connection of plumbing fixtures.

It should be noted that the installation methods for water supply mechanisms with submersible and surface-type pumps can differ significantly. If we talk about surface centrifugal solutions, then they are usually installed in the outdoor branch, where the insulation was previously carried out, or directly in the basement of the house. But a submersible pump is usually simply connected to a cable through which electricity is supplied, as well as a hose, after which it is lowered into the water and suspended on a nylon cable, which, as a rule, is included in the device.

To conduct water with a submersible pump, it is necessary to measure the size of the cable and hose before lowering it. They are usually connected with plastic clamps every four meters between themselves and attached to the pump. After that, holding exclusively by the cable and in no case by the cable or hose, the pump is lowered to a depth that was determined in advance and is securely fixed. The manufacturer usually writes on the package the allowable distance to the bottom. Now you need to fix the head on the casing pipe.

Through the hole located in the center, the electrical cable and hose are output. Now you need to tie the cable. At the final stage, it is required to fasten the bolts well so that the entire structure is completely sealed. Now you can proceed to the next step - laying and installing the supply pipe.

If the well is not too deep, then a cable made of nylon, which holds the pumping device, is tied to a rubber band, which is attached to the head, which should dampen the vibrations of the pump.

The next stage is the laying of external pipes. Usually pipes made of polyethylene or metal-plastic are used. The latter solution is stronger, but when it comes to pipe bending, this model will be worse. Steel pipes are also sometimes used for this. They may not have a galvanized coating, or they may have it, as well as be coated with a special anti-corrosion treatment. If the pipe is really of high quality, then it should be marked. It also should not emit a chemical smell. It should not have extra stripes and spots.

If we talk about laying the pipeline, then this must be done lower than the level of freezing of the earth, by 50 centimeters. If laying will be done at a shallower depth, then a heater should be used.

The connection of individual pipe sections will be carried out using collet fittings without seals and fum tape.

Pipe installation is usually carried out as follows. A small trench is dug to a freezing depth plus 50 centimeters. After that, a pillow is made at the bottom of compacted sand of a river or quarry type. Now the bottom must be leveled with a slope of two to three centimeters per meter. The next point is that it is necessary to insulate the section of the water supply that will be laid above the depth of seasonal freezing to the place where it enters the foundation of the building. To do this, we carry out pipe laying and pour clean sand on it so that there is no clay.

When laying pipes, it is recommended to avoid various connections and not to use fittings. Otherwise, it will become more difficult to repair such a pipeline. If there is a need to create branches underground, then it is best to use welding fittings.

As a result of this, you will get a pretty good monolithic solder joint where there will be no thread.

The next stage at which you should stop your attention is the introduction of the pipe into the foundation. It is better to do this procedure through a special sleeve. This is the name of the larger pipe. This decision will make it possible to make repairs to the pipeline, if necessary. And in some cases, if the pipe is not very long, then this will make it possible to pull it out without digging the trench where it is located. You can also make summer plumbing to water vegetables. It does not need to be buried in the ground. If such a system is deepened, then it is imperative to provide for the possibility of draining in order to preserve it for the winter. A standard slope is simply made towards the source of water intake. It is better to protect a number of pipes from exposure to low temperatures, as well as from exposure to the sun's rays.

For this reason, even for summer use, it is better to lay such an option underground.

It should be said that when laying HDPE pipes, the allowed bending radii should be taken into account at a minimum. They will depend on the SDR. Or it may happen that at the point of deflection the radius of the pipe decreases so that this will cause an increase in pressure in this place of the pipe, and the load on the pumping device may increase significantly.

Now we turn to the installation of the internal section of the water supply of a residential cottage. The scheme and installation may differ for different buildings, and very significantly. Based on the individual layout and zoning of the building, the number of floors in it, the availability of plumbing, then an individual water supply system should be drawn up for a private cottage.

You can dilute the internal pipeline using one of two methods:

• collector;
• tee.

In general, they do not have many differences. They can roughly be described as follows. First, mark where the pipes will be located, pre-strobe the walls and install the fasteners. At the outlet of the pipe to the house, it is necessary to mount a ball-type valve. Now the collector is being installed, and pipes will be connected to it, dividing them into several circuits. Pipes made of metal-plastic are best connected using press fittings, and models made of polyethylene and polypropylene are best connected using a welding machine. Before closing the strobes, the performance of the mechanism should be assessed. To do this, it is necessary to inspect the quality of the pipe connection, evaluate the operation of the pumping unit, and also check how the control automation works.

If hot water supply is necessary or the system will be used for heating, then it will be necessary to connect a device to it that will be responsible for heating the water.

Uninterrupted water supply and good pressure can ensure long and efficient operation of various plumbing and household appliances.

In order for the water intake mechanism to be organized correctly, experts recommend:

• It is best to carry out water supply in the summer so that you can understand exactly where the source of water is. In addition, just in summer, the level of groundwater decreases as much as possible.
• When choosing a pump, it is best to choose devices where water sensors are already built in.
• To maintain a permanent high pressure in the plumbing system, too many corners and turns should be avoided during the laying of the pipeline.
• To carry out the installation of the pipeline from the well to the house, it is better to use a special type of food pipe with a certain marking.
• Before using the system, it is necessary to conduct a test run of the device. This will make it possible to check the system for faults and eliminate them without any serious consequences.

• The introduction of pipes into the building is best done through the walls using special "glasses" made of metal and plastic. Places where input is carried out must be insulated.
• For the operation of the water supply system to be uninterrupted, it is necessary that the pressure in the hydraulic tank be 0.2 bar less than the lower limit in the entire water supply system.
• For the correct use of the collector, it is first necessary to install shut-off valves, as well as a tap to drain the water.
• To create a system that will be as efficient as possible, you should not save on consumables, because then it can still cause new costs and costs that will be even more than you would like.

Do-it-yourself water supply organization for a private house is a very important issue, which not only requires increased attention from the owner of the house, but also a clear understanding of how such a water supply mechanism works in general and what features various equipment components have.

Autonomous water supply - a system of engineering communications and special equipment for supplying a private house with drinking and technical water where it is not possible to connect to a stationary central water supply network. Such a system, designed to supply drinking water to the house, includes:

• well or well;
• submersible pump of high power and productivity;
• a hydraulic accumulator to control the operation of the pump and maintain a stable pressure in the system;
• water mains with collectors and wiring;
• water treatment filters (not required for service water supply system);
• water heating unit for organizing hot water supply.

The source of clean water without impurities of clay, lime, iron oxide and copper is a well with a depth of up to 50 meters or more (depending on the occurrence of aquifers), which provides natural water purification (layers of loam and pebbles) or cleaning with replaceable filters. The well can be insulated for all-season use, operates without maintenance for up to 7 years and provides a constant supply of water up to 500 liters.

The principle of operation of an autonomous water supply system:

• the pump pumps water into the reservoir of the accumulator to the set value on the pressure switch;
• water injection stops;
• as water is consumed, the pressure drops, the pump turns on and replenishes the water supply in the tank.

The pump can be turned on manually (budget system), or a water pressure control system in the tank (relay) can be installed, which will control the process automatically. It is profitable to design, install and launch an autonomous water supply in your private house, cottage or dacha in Moscow and the Moscow region, specialists from Vodavod are ready.

Our prices

More details about the cost are written in the price list:

What do you get for this price

Turnkey system:

• Hot and cold water supply;
• Water heater for 80 liters;
• Hydraulic accumulator for 100 liters;
• Heating cable;
• The ability to "mothball" the entire system;
• Time-tested materials from the best manufacturers (Italy, Serbia, Denmark, Spain, Turkey);
• The cost also includes consumables and shipping.

Total turnkey cost: 89,880 rubles.

The cost of work

№	Name	Unit rev.	Quantity	Final price, rub.
1	Installation of pumping equipment	PCS.	1	12 000
2	Earthworks (trench 1.5-1.6 m deep)	m.	5	7 000
3	Installation of a drain valve in a well	PCS.	1	1 000
4	Making a hole for pipe 32	PCS.	2	1 000
5	Cable installation in corrugation	m.	5	500
6	Installation of the water supply line	m.	5	500
7	Heating cable installation	PCS.	1	1 000
8	Installation of a coarse filter	PCS.	1	500
9	Installation of an eyeliner to a water supply point (for one device)	PCS.	1	2 000
10	Water heater and plumbing installation	PCS.	1	2 800

Total cost of work: 28,300 rubles.

Cost of materials

№	Name	Unit rev.	Quantity	Final price, rub.
1	Pump well Grunfos SBA 3-35A	PCS.	1	21 000
2	Cable stainless D3 mm, 630 kg	m.	10	500
3	Cable clamp 3mm, (DIN741)	PCS.	4	240
4	Underwater cable for drinking water 3x1.5 mm 2	m.	15	1000
5	Hydroseal	PCS.	1	500
6	Corrugation	m.	15	500
7	CYKLON Pressure pipe PE100 DN32x2.4 PN12.5 SDR 13.6	m.	10	1 000
8	Kalde d=20x4.4 (PN 20) Reinforced polypropylene pipe (fiberglass)	m.	10	650
9	Flexible hose 1"	PCS.	1	1 000
10	Itap IDEAL 091 1"	PCS.	2	2 200
11	Cable heating vnutr. with gland 4m (Spain)	PCS.	1	4 800
12	Energoflex Thermal insulation SUPER 35/9mm (2m)	m.	4	200
13	Itap IDEAL 091 3/4"	PCS.	2	900
14	AquaFilter AQM Housing 10" inlet 3/4" FHPR1-B filter assembly (cartridge, wrench, bracket)	PCS.	1	1 500
15	Gorenje TG 80 NB6 vertical storage water heater, mounted. Casing metal	PCS.	1	9 600
16	Hydraulic accumulator Model 100 l for water supply vertical (color blue)	PCS.	1	6 000
17	Axial pressure gauge 50mm, 0-6 bar	PCS.	1	600
18	Itap 110 1" 5-way distributor for pumps and containers	PCS.	1	700
19	Watts PA 5 MI Pressure switch 1-5 bar	PCS.	1	1 200
20	Socket w.protect.	PCS.	1	400
21	fork	PCS.	1	200
22	Expendable materials	PCS.	1	2 000
23	Set of polypropylene fittings	PCS.	1	1 890
24	Delivery of materials*	PCS.	1	3 000

Total cost of materials: 61,580 rubles.

Features of autonomous water supply systems

We design the autonomous water supply of a private house taking into account the operating conditions of the system and offer two installation options - for summer (seasonal) and year-round use.

Seasonal (summer or temporary) water supply system involves:

• ground laying of aquifers or laying pipes in shallow trenches;
• serial connection of the system;
• conservation for the winter without forced draining;
• installation of hydroaccumulator tanks without insulation.

Pumps are installed if necessary, a caisson is not equipped, basement drilling is not carried out. Such a system is economical and requires minimal costs, but is functional only in private houses, cottages and summer cottages, if the owners live in them only in the warm season. When cold weather sets in, water is drained from the system, communications are disassembled and stored in a protected place.

All-weather (winter) water supply system requires:

• earthworks and deep laying of pipe communications (below the level of soil freezing);
• installation of a hydraulic accumulator inside the house, insulation of connections and the tank itself (installation of insulating boxes or a heating system is possible);
• installation of several cascade pumps to maintain maximum pressure in the system;
• installation of internal wiring and collector combs;
• obligatory installation of conservation elements (draining water from the system through electromagnetic drain cocks).

System installation

Installation work during the construction of an autonomous water supply system is carried out by our specialists on a turnkey basis. The full range of works includes:

• drilling a well with rotary or auger drills with strengthening, backfilling and arrangement;
• installation of a surface pumping station in a box above the well or a caisson in a specially dug and concreted trench up to 2 meters deep;
• digging trenches (depth up to 1.5 meters) and installation of pipe communications;
• equipment of the surface soil system (protection from the cold);
• installation of water treatment filters (cleaning from mechanical, manganese, ferrous impurities).

Works are carried out consistently and in strict accordance with building standards. The price for autonomous water supply in Moscow depends on the depth and complexity of drilling a well, the need to use heavy drilling and earthmoving equipment, the type of water supply system (summer / winter), the need to install a caisson, the cost of casing and pumping equipment.

Autonomous water supply of a private house from VodaVod

• Prepayment of everything
  10% of the cost
  materials
• Own
  car park
• Minimum
  terms
• Free departure
  engineer
• Democratic
  prices
• Materials of the best
  manufacturers

The Vodavod.msk company has been operating in the metropolitan market for the design, construction and maintenance of engineering water supply and sanitation systems since 2013 and performs professional installation of autonomous water supply in a private house on a turnkey basis.

We offer customers:

• services of certified engineers and installation specialists with 10 years of experience;
• own fleet of specialized construction machines;
• free departure of an engineer to the facility for measurements and consultations;
• modern technologies and practice-tested ready-made technical solutions of any complexity;
• selection, acquisition and use of the highest quality equipment and the best structural materials;
• performing a full range of installation on their own;
• minimum terms of performance of work (1-3 days) and compliance with the approved cost estimate;
• prepayment of only 10% of the cost of materials and full payment only after the successful launch of the autonomous water supply system;
• 2-year warranty for the operation of the finished engineering system and a passport for the well.

Among all the communications of a private house, plumbing is undoubtedly the most necessary. This statement does not need to be proved to someone who has been rewarded with the opportunity to scour water in buckets from the nearest well, especially in winter. Lucky are those who have the opportunity to connect their home to a centralized water supply system. The same article is intended for those who do not have such a prospect in the coming years. We offer for review an article that details how to build an autonomous water supply for a private house: tips on how to install such a water pipe with your own hands, we hope it will help you a lot.

The main components of the autonomous water supply system of a private house

To date, a fairly rich tradition has developed for the construction of autonomous water supply systems for private buildings. All of them may differ to a large extent, but their basic structural elements remain the same:

• Autonomous source of water consumption (well or well -).
• An electrical or mechanical device for lifting and supplying water to a system. It can be a conventional pump or a pumping station.
• A hydraulic accumulator is a device for accumulating water and creating pressure in the system.
• System of external and internal water pipes.
• Necessary valves and plumbing fixtures.

To organize hot water supply, a hot water boiler of any principle of operation can be integrated into the system. It is most convenient to use double-circuit gas boilers for these purposes, which, in addition to heating water, perform the function of a power plant to provide heat to the house. If there is no gas on the site, then it would be quite reasonable to use a storage electric boiler.

What are the types of autonomous water supply of a private house

When planning an independent water supply device for a country house, first of all, you need to draw up its detailed project. It should take into account all the details of the future plumbing, both internal and external. In addition, it should include an indication of the exact location where the water intake will be located, its type, depth and distance from the house. An important parameter is the pressure of water and its quantity. In the end, the cost of all components and the production of the work itself is of no small importance. Therefore, what type of water supply was chosen is of no small importance. There are several of them:

• Ordinary well.
• A shallow well "on the sand".
• Artesian well.

All these objects have such a different device that it is worth talking about each in more detail.

Wells and their features

This is perhaps the most ancient invention of mankind for obtaining drinking water from aquifers in the depths of the earth. The design of wells has come down to our days from time immemorial almost unchanged. As a rule, this is a pit several meters deep with reinforced walls and a manual device for lifting water. The walls are reinforced with a wooden frame or concrete rings.

Digging a well on your site is worth it only if the depth of water does not exceed 5 - 15 m. In addition, its supply must meet the needs of the family and household. For 4 people, at least 200 l / day is required. If these standards are met, and you are ready for hard physical labor, then you can start digging. This is done manually using a winch to lift the container with soil. In the process of digging, a log house or concrete rings gradually sink to the bottom of the pit. They dig until the water fills the well quickly enough to the required height.

For the purposes of autonomous water supply of a private house through the water supply network, manual water lifting devices are not suitable, so you need to decide on the pump. There are two options for installing the pump: directly near the well itself and in the basement of the house. It doesn't matter which option was chosen. In any case, a trench 50 to 70 cm deep should be dug from the house to the well. To protect the future pipe from freezing, a sand cushion is arranged at the bottom of the trench.

It would be optimal to use a 32 mm pipe, but its diameter can be increased if the distance to the well is more than 7 m. In addition, this pipe must have a slope towards the well of at least 2–3 cm per linear meter. The pipe is introduced into the house through a hole in the foundation and connected to a pump. In this case, its opposite end should sink into the water column in the well. If the pump is installed near the well, then an insulated room is built for the pump. The pipe in the trench should be insulated, especially where it passes through the foundation. The best option would be to wrap it with a heating cable, which will completely eliminate freezing.

The pipe brought into the house is connected to the internal water supply system, which distributes the flow of water already to the end points.

Before dwelling on such a system, it is worth considering everything carefully, since groundwater, which is not clean and safe, may well get into the well. In any case, before digging a well, you should find out the opinion of neighbors who already have it, take their water for analysis. The advantage of a well is that you can dig it yourself, and even if there is a power outage, you will not be left without water, since it can be scooped up in the usual traditional way - with a bucket on a chain or rope.

The device of the well "on the sand"

People have learned to drill wells for a long time. They turned out to be an excellent alternative to wells for a country house. Many owners, even with a central water supply, arrange a well in order to have the purest drinking water. After all, in terms of its taste, it cannot be compared with tap water. Today, two types of wells are known, one of which is called “on sand”.

This name is not accidental, because the depth of such a well is such that it touches only the upper layer of sandy rocks. Loams are already going deeper, filtering groundwater. The thickness of this loamy layer can reach 50 m. The aquifer in the sand is located at a depth of 5 to 15 m, so you can even drill a well to such a depth yourself using the simplest hand tools. Machine drilling will cost money, but it is much faster. The main and only drawback of such a simple system is a short service life, no more than 8 years. After drilling, a casing pipe of the required diameter is installed in the well, the bottom of which should be provided with many holes for water to enter from aquifers and a mesh to prevent pebbles and small stones from entering. Surface-type pumping equipment or, better, a deep-well pump is installed on such a well.

Note that recently a lot of companies have appeared that have drilling equipment that can pierce a thin well right in the basement or even the underground of a private house. For such wells, the best solution would be to purchase a pumping station, which is also installed in the basement by the specialists who drill the well. You will only have to make an intra-house wiring and connect it to the pumping station. Such a system is beneficial in that it is cheaper and does not require any pipe insulation work. Less pipes will be required for its construction. The disadvantage is that in such a well there is not so much water at the same time, but this is compensated by a hydraulic accumulator.

What is an artesian well

This is a very deep (up to 135 m) well, penetrating deep into limestone rocks. In this horizon there are unlimited supplies of water, and its quality is the best. It is ideal in all sanitary indicators, both chemical and bacteriological. The advantage of such a well is that a pump is not needed to raise water to the surface. At such a depth, the water is under very high pressure from the surrounding rocks, which is pushed out with force, even forming fountains.

An important advantage of an artesian well is its durability (50 years or more). However, it is impossible to drill a well of such a depth on your own; the help of specialists and heavy drilling equipment is required. In addition, all artesian wells require mandatory registration, since water deposits at a given depth are a mineral and are subject to subsoil legislation, which are a strategic reserve of the state. The water supply to the house is carried out directly under the pressure of the bowels or pumping station.

Stages of work on the supply of water from the well

Whatever well you use to organize the water supply of your country house, it will require certain equipment, which should be installed in the following order:

1. It is necessary to purchase a deep pump of sufficient power, which will allow not only to raise water from the depth of the well, but also to create sufficient pressure in the system, allowing all plumbing fixtures to work properly. Characteristics of the pumps are available in the technical documentation for them. The submersible pump is lowered directly into the well and is suspended by a steel cable. It should not touch the bottom of the well, but at the same time it should be far from the water surface. The power supply cable to the pump must be waterproof.
2. Then an automation unit is installed that allows you to control the entire operation of the pump. This automation is equipped with protective devices that protect the expensive unit from power surges, overheating or dry running. Attention! This stage should not be ignored, since in conditions of constantly jumping voltage, a pump failure is a matter of time.
3. It is desirable to supply such systems with a capacious hydraulic pneumatic tank, which not only accumulates water and reduces the number of pump on and off, but also eliminates the risk of water hammer, which can lead to equipment failure. The best option for a country house is a 100 liter hydraulic accumulator.
4. Another important structure that protects the system from freezing is the caisson. It should be installed at such a depth that there is no freezing of the soil there. All wiring to the house comes from him. This structure must be carefully insulated with heat-insulating material, preferably foam, as it gets wet.

A lot has been said about the external water supply system, so let's move on to considering the internal wiring device.

How to design an internal water supply system in a private house with your own hands

Making internal wiring in a house with your own hands is much easier than digging a well or drilling a well. To do this, stock up on the required number of plastic pipes 1/2Ø and 3/4Ø, shutoff valves and various fittings for the pipeline. If necessary, you can build a collector, which will significantly increase the efficiency of the entire pipeline system. To construct a water pipe inside the house with your own hands, you don’t need so many tools. For polypropylene pipes, you will need a soldering iron and scissors to cut these pipes. Metal-plastic pipes generally require only a set of wrenches and the same scissors. To know how many and what kind of fittings you need, you need, as mentioned at the beginning, to make a detailed pipeline project.

If you do not have the skills to work with a soldering iron and generally assemble pipelines, then you should think about whether it is better to entrust this work to specialists. If you still decide to cope on your own, then first practice on pipe cuts so as not to spoil the entire system and follow the recommendations of specialists.

Thus, the construction of an autonomous water supply system for a country house "from scratch" is quite laborious and resource-intensive, but feasible for those who are not afraid of physical labor and know how to handle hand tools.

To provide the site with water, it is not enough to lower the pump into the cut well and install the head containing the check valve. This task requires taking into account many details, as well as the patience and care of the person who is involved in the installation.

There are many factors hindering the organization: low water temperature that does not allow irrigation, unsuitability for drinking, pressure may not meet the requirements, etc.

To make the consumption of moisture available on the site economical, it is worth installing an autonomous water supply system.

Dependence of water parameters

Everyone is well aware that in every cottage there should be constant water, as it is necessary to do laundry, wash dishes, cook food, take a shower or bath. It is also used in baths, garages, for watering a personal plot, as well as for creating decorative elements: small fountains and ponds. How and where the water will be used, its quality should depend on. For example, water used in baths and showers for washing dishes and laundry should have a limited amount of iron. Also, it must have a certain softness, and not contain any viruses and microbes that can have a negative effect on the human body.

The hydroaccumulator tank is conveniently located in a warm utility room, basement or on the basement floor of the house

The water used for irrigation of a personal plot may contain silt and sand (these facts can be regarded as positive). However, there is a condition that must be met in this case - the water temperature should not be less than 12 degrees Celsius. Otherwise, the plants will be damaged.

An artificial pond can be an excellent habitat for fish and many other animals living under water. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the water does not contain microbes and bacteria that can destroy the inhabitants of the underwater kingdom. For this reason, water in artificial reservoirs must be partially renewed at strictly defined intervals.

The highest demands are placed on water when it is used for drinking and cooking. After all, in this case, the health of people using it directly depends on the quality of water.

Thus, all consumed water can be divided into drinking, intended for irrigation of a personal plot and for household purposes.

The presence of a central water supply system makes it possible to satisfy each of the above categories, as it supplies water of adequate quality for domestic and drinking use. However, situations arise when the suitability of such water for drinking raises some doubts, and in this case it is necessary to create all the necessary conditions for additional filtration. Filtration is especially important in the spring, when the possibility of polluted water ingress is highest.

I must say that all problems are solved if you create your own water source on the site that can satisfy all of the above needs. This solution can be a well or a well. Many mistakenly believe that water taken from its own source is always of a high degree of purity and is suitable for drinking!

The most common water problem is hardness due to high iron content. Such water may be unsuitable even for household needs.

Naturally, modern facilities allow for a high degree of water purification, but to perform this operation in large volumes, it will take a lot of money, and the water pressure will have to be reduced.

The most acceptable is the division of the total water flow into smaller flows, each of which will be used for different purposes. For each of the generated streams, you can install the appropriate equipment that performs filtration.

To begin with, let's try to decide on the issue of creation and figure out how to organize the presence of several threads.

The importance of water pressure and system pressure

Undoubtedly, such a parameter as the amount of water entering the system is very important and this figure must fully satisfy the needs of consumers. At the same time, the pressure of the water is of no small importance, because no one will like it if on the top floor of the house the water flows out of the tap in a thin stream. Coming from underground, it must have sufficient pressure so that even when taken from several points, everywhere the pressure is acceptable for specific needs.

Free head is the minimum height to which water must be raised above ground level. This should take into account the resistance of the pipes, which prevents the rise of water to a certain height.

SNiP indicate that for the first floor of buildings, the free head should be 10 m, and, rising to 1 floor, each time 4 m should be added to this value. Thus, the parameter in question can be calculated absolutely for any floor. However, this requirement is not the only one, and to create the necessary pressure of water coming out of the tap, the pressure must be 2 or more bar (atm), for and - 1.5 bar, the irrigation system must be fed with water supplied at a pressure of 3-4 bar, - 2 bars, and for devices called - 4 bars. But this is not all the requirements - we should not forget that water can be taken from several points at the same time. In this case, the so-called pressure drawdown will reduce the total pressure. For comfortable use of all systems that use water, their pressure must always be at least a certain level, even when several devices are turned on at the same time.

The daily water consumption in different houses may differ and this parameter may be limited. But there are situations when the pump has a high performance, and there are few consumers. Often this leads to increased pressure in the pipes and the narrowest joints will begin to let water through. Therefore, there is an indicator characterizing the maximum allowable water pressure in pipelines -6 bar. This value is indicated in the relevant SNiP and must be taken into account when creating each plumbing system.

The debit of a well or a mine well located in sandy rock differs downward from an artesian well, and sometimes this value may be lower than the actual daily water consumption. As a result, the level of water in the source may decrease. This forces the owners to take into account, when choosing the pump performance, not only the size of the daily water consumption, but also take into account the flow rate of the well. Moreover, the number of pump starts (frequency) per day must be calculated.

Practice shows that the amount of water consumed per day can depend not only on the number of people living in the house, but also on the season: in summer there is always an increased consumption of water. This should also be taken into account.

Summing up, I would like to highlight a few basic parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a pump: the performance of the device, the required pressure in the pipes. When calculating the daily water consumption, one should take into account the summer period, in which consumption is characterized as maximum.

Another important point is the fact that the operation of the pipeline can be divided into two modes: creating and maintaining a certain pressure of water during maximum consumption, as well as limiting the pressure, when water is practically not consumed. This also affects the choice of pump performance, pressure parameters in pipelines, the selection of a specific material from which pipes are made, and the diameter of pipelines. It is also worthwhile to evaluate the need to install additional containers and their volume. It is also worth considering a situation where it may be necessary to complicate the plumbing system by adding some elements to it. In this case, it is often necessary to increase the length of pipelines, the number of consumers, etc. Therefore, the choice of a pump with a power reserve is always welcome and although this will require additional attention and costs during the assembly of the system, in the future the work will be simplified, as well as its cost will be reduced.

Usually, the replacement of the pump due to the lack of its capacity is 5-7 times more expensive than the funds provided in advance and purchased, which allow further expansion of the water supply system.

When specifying the maximum water pressure in pipelines, they are also guided by the depth of immersion of the pipes. So for pipes that will be located at a depth of up to 50 m, a pressure of up to 6 bar is allowed. At a depth of up to 90 m - 10 bar., up to 150 m - 16 bar., up to 230 m - 25 bar.

Some features encountered during the installation of an autonomous water supply

The installation of a protective or, as it is otherwise called, a buried underground chamber, will be required to protect the system from freezing of the tip, as well as to protect against seepage of surface water into the well. These products allow you to keep the water clean and the functionality of the system in any weather and any season.

Layout diagram of the outer part of the water pipeline when laying pipes from the caisson to the inner part of the water pipeline ("F-PLAST"):
1. Pump
2. Shrink sleeve
3. Pump power cable
4. Well head
5. Caisson
6. Water supply pipe (polypropylene)
7. Safety wire clamps
8. Coarse filter
9. Hydraulic accumulator
lator tank
10. Control and protection unit
11. Automatic air extractor
12. Pressure gauge
13. Pressure switch
14. Emergency automation kit

The bottom of the chamber must be filled with concrete or made of steel sheet, the thickness of which must be at least 5 mm. During installation, care must be taken to ensure that the pipelines are at a depth that is below the freezing depth of the soil. The upper part of the casing pipe should protrude above the level and at least 0.5 m (or more). This pipe must be made of steel and passed through a special cuff made of rubber or hydrostekloizol. This cuff is inserted into the prepared hole in the concrete bottom. It is also possible to weld around the circumference of the hole to the metal bottom. The chamber, or rather its walls, are made of concrete rings, steel sheet or brick. Hence, the shape of the well in section is obtained in the form of a circle or rectangle.

In the case when the well is made of steel sheet, it is not required to waterproof the system, since the sheet is welded to the steel bottom and the possibility of leakage automatically disappears. The capacity that is formed as a result of this construction method is called a caisson. It has now gained wide popularity, as it is quite simple to manufacture and has excellent characteristics.

If a mine well is chosen as a water source, and a jet pump is involved in the pumping process, then it can be located at a fairly large distance, for example, indoors. When choosing the length of the suction pipe, you can not take into account the water level in the well, since this parameter in this case does not play a decisive role.

But when it comes to the use of centrifugal pumps, the length of the suction pipe is very important and this parameter is selected within 30-40 m.

Another important task for builders is to create a so-called castle near the well. This lock is made of clay and goes 1.5-2 m deep, and its width is about 0.5 m. This solution prevents surface water from entering the well, which allows maintaining a certain level of purity of the water in the well and flowing through pipelines .

The location of the shaft well or well on the site is important, and in the case of sandy soil, it is very important to take into account the occurrence of surface water. They can affect the operation of the system, so they must be taken into account.

And if we consider the process of drilling an artesian well, then we can say with confidence that its location is not tied to any factors. Such a well can be drilled where it will be most convenient to use it.

Very often, when choosing a place, they try to take into account the wiring and reduce the length of pipelines. Also, when choosing a location for a well, they try to position it so that there are no intersections of any routes in this place. Also, there should be no lowlands in this place so that water does not accumulate above the underground chamber. Otherwise, water may enter the system and interfere with its operation.

The pump must be turned on at the moment any tap installed in the plumbing system is opened. At the same time, if several family members actively use various devices that require water (shower, toilet, etc.), the pump will often turn on and off. As a result, its service life is reduced and additional funds will have to be spent on its purchase. This problem can be solved and the number of starts-stops can be reduced. To do this, you will need to install a battery capacity that will create a certain supply of water. If you imagine the principle of operation of a water tower, then this capacity can be compared with it. The tank acts as an intermediate buffer that creates a supply of water and is replenished periodically. Now, when users turn on several devices at the same time, water flows under constant pressure, and its value can be adjusted, varying within certain limits.

An automatic system, or rather an electric relay installed in the tank, allows you to automatically start the pump when water runs out in the battery tank. Even after the tap is closed by the user, the pump can continue to work until the tank is filled and a certain pressure is created in it, which is set in advance.

The organization that installs the water supply system is responsible for setting the pressure in the tank. Moreover, representatives of the organization will select a tank of the required volume, as well as set the pressure at the level that the pump of a particular model can allow. Also, it is necessary to take into account the approximate consumption of water per day. The pressure values ​​​​(upper and lower) are recorded in special documents that are drawn up during the installation of the system.

The screws that allow the pressure to be set to a certain value are sealed to prevent changes to the parameters by people who do not have experience and relevant knowledge. In the event that the seals are broken, the system manufacturer's original warranty is immediately void.

A good solution is to use a single main pipe, through which water will first flow into the house, and then wiring will be carried out throughout the site. It is important to leave a gap between its outer surface with the walls of the hole in the wall or foundation. This gap is filled with an elastic material that does not allow water and gas to pass through. And the material must be surrounded by a rigid shell to maintain its strength.

It is not allowed to perform rigid sealing of the pipe. It is best to install the battery capacity to the place where the water supply will branch. It is recommended to install it in the caisson or immediately after entering the house.

A non-return valve is installed at the inlet to the tank (if it is absent in the pump), which serves to prevent water from flowing back into the well. A manometer is installed at the outlet, which allows you to control the pressure. An automatic valve is also installed, which serves to inlet and outlet air entering the water supply.

Sometimes water from one well comes not only to the house, but also to other “branches” of the plumbing system: to the garage, irrigation system, bathhouse, etc. In such cases, battery tanks can be installed in each of the branches to ensure high stability .

Most often, water pipes have two branches: one of them for seasonal use, the other for year-round use.

When installing a branch for year-round use, the pipelines are buried below the freezing level of the soil to ensure uninterrupted operation at any time of the year. Those pipes that belong to a system used only in the warm season are laid to a depth slightly exceeding 1.5 bayonet spades. In some cases, pipelines for these systems are installed above the ground, and the pipelines used for such cases are made of steel. Pipes that are laid underground are most often made of polypropylene or HDPE, since these materials do not rot, have high strength, regardless of temperature and other environmental indicators.

The summer branch, installed underground, should have a slope of up to 2 degrees to the horizon. Moreover, the slope can be both in the direction of the source and in the direction where the consumers are located. Due to this, after turning off the water supply, it drains and in the winter the pipe will not freeze, which will save it from the appearance of deformations and damage.

The number of installed taps directly depends on how branched the irrigation system is, as well as on the habits of the owners: some of them prefer to periodically irrigate the plot, others use water only when necessary.

If there is a reservoir in the territory of the site in which fish live, it will be necessary to periodically clean the water and update it. An adjustment for such costs must be taken into account when creating an autonomous water supply system on your site. The rules for the degree of water purification used for specific tasks are discussed in dedicated to this topic.

Which pipes to choose

When creating a water supply system, several types of pipes are used: pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-pressure polyethylene (), copper, steel and metal-plastic.

HDPE pipes, as a rule, are supplied in the form of coils, so cutting pieces of the required length can be quite simple and this will not create any problems. Pipes of this type are especially convenient during installation, as it is possible to significantly reduce the number of connections, which in the future will allow you to get rid of the problems associated with leaks.

Pipes of all other types are produced strictly in pieces with a length of 4 to 6 meters. Polypropylene products can be assembled directly at the installation site into one pipe of the required length. To perform such an operation, four-meter pipe fragments are fastened by heating the intermediate fittings.

The distribution of pipelines over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site is carried out, as a rule, with cheap pipes made of polypropylene or HDPE, and all types of pipelines listed above can be used indoors. The most prestigious and, of course, expensive are copper pipes. They are fastened together by soldering, which allows you to achieve high strength and tightness of the joints. However, it is worth remembering that the use of copper pipelines will hit the family budget well.

Pipes made of metal-plastic lend themselves well to molding, that is, they can be easily bent to the desired shape. This will allow you to easily and quickly change the configuration of the water supply, making it the most optimal. Their use is especially convenient in hard-to-reach places, where the pipe paths can take a very complex shape and the use of copper or PVC pipelines can cause certain difficulties. Also, metal-plastic pipes are widely used to create temporary structures and to add any elements to an existing plumbing system. Be sure to take into account the fact that non-metallic pipes have limitations on the pressure exerted on them. This parameter can be in the range of 6-10 bars.

For laying the outer parts of the water supply, pipes are used that have a nominal diameter, denoted as Du, equal to 32 or 40 mm, in another system, these figures look like this: 11/4 ″ or 11/2 ″, respectively. For internal wiring, pipes with a diameter of 15 mm or 1/2” are used.

Consideration should be given to the fact that the mass of the so-called riser pipe must be kept small, i.e. the pipe with the smallest mass must always be selected. Also very important is the torsional stiffness parameter, which must be sufficiently high, that is, the pipe must have high rigidity. This requirement is due to the fact that starting and stopping the electric motor installed in the submersible pump develops a large torque. Therefore, a monolithic HDPE pipe is very popular today. Also, polypropylene pipes have gained wide popularity, which include sections welded together, each having a length of 4 meters.

The diameter of the pipe is selected depending on how deep the pump will be submerged, on the type of pump used. The most commonly used pipes are DN 40 and 50 mm (11/2” or 2”).

The temperature underground is approximately 4 degrees Celsius, and as a result, the temperature deformations, which are so often spoken of, indicating their danger, are not terrible for these pipes. The reason for this is the structural features of the plastic and its high resistance to temperature extremes.

Many experts assure the consumer that structures created by welding polypropylene pipes are the most beneficial for the buyer, since they have a large wall thickness, which leads to increased strength. Also, these structures without any problems allow you to build up a pipe, connecting new elements of the system with it and thereby expanding the water supply. The need to build up the pipe arises, as a rule, in cases where the flow rate of an artesian well decreases.

After all, it is easy to guess that after an increase in the number of wells in a settlement, the water level in them can significantly decrease, bringing certain inconvenience to users. Sometimes such changes require adjustments to the plumbing system.

It would seem that it is best to use a metal pipe, which has the maximum rigidity of all the types considered, however, in this case, there is one negative point associated with the large mass of the pipe. This greatly complicates the construction and dismantling. Moreover, the price will also increase by a significant amount.

More about plumbing with one and two levels

Satisfaction in the drinking water of one family does not create any problems and is quite simple. But as for domestic needs, watering the garden, especially in hot weather, there may be certain difficulties associated with a lack of water. Therefore, many are thinking about installing additional so-called storage tanks that will create a certain supply of water for a specific period of time to solve specific problems.

Distinguish between single-level and two-level water pipes. The first is characterized by the fact that the water that comes from a well or a well is used for its intended purpose immediately after pumping. The second type of water supply system is distinguished by the use of reserve tanks that create a supply of water.

These containers can be cylindrical or prismatic and are made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride. The service life of such tanks is approximately 10 years, which is a considerable amount. Modern tanks used to create water supplies have a volume of 560-4500 liters and are made of light-stabilized polyethylene, which is painted in various colors.

Very often, water is not filtered before it enters the tank. And if filtration is nevertheless carried out, then it is designed to rid the water of fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing compounds. The positive fact is that the largest part of the iron compounds after some time will settle to the bottom of the tank, and the harmful hydrogen sulfide compounds simply disappear over time.

A vessel having a capacity of 1-5 cu. m., it is best to install above the ground in the free space of the site. Recall that this solution is considered for a container in which there is water used only in the summer. This will help to heat the water in the vessel as soon as possible and reduce the waiting time to fill the irrigation system, because it cannot be filled with cold water, as the plants may simply die because of this.

Moreover, the location above the ground will allow you to create a crane in the bottom or side of the tank, which will serve to clean the battery tank from precipitation accumulated over the entire period of operation. The supply of water to the vessel can be carried out through an electromechanical valve provided in advance, and the seasonal branches of the water supply system can be fed by gravity or using a centrifugal pump. In both cases, a water level limiter must be installed, which can independently turn on and off the water supply to the tank. By type, float and electrode limiters are distinguished. I must say that both of them do an excellent job with the tasks assigned to them.

The need for water used for household needs exists throughout the year. These tasks include: the use of water in a bathhouse, house, garage, to fill the pool, etc. Therefore, it is advisable to bury the reservoir in the ground. The volume of such a tank is usually 3-5 cubic meters. m..

As you know, underground containers in winter can be pushed to the surface with great force. To prevent this phenomenon, a concrete slab is laid under the bottom of the tank, which also prevents pushing out associated with the presence of groundwater. The battery capacity can be placed not only within the site, but also under the house, which will save usable space by planting it with beautiful ornamental plants.

The water taken from the tank is sometimes warmed up, but this operation is optional. However, there is a requirement related to the fact that water must be filtered from silt and sand, as well as from various iron-containing compounds. Otherwise, it may lead to blockages. The harm from the lack of water purification and filtration can be clearly seen by looking at the snow-white plumbing elements, which over time become covered with a yellowish tint, confirming the presence of impurities in the water.

Water is supplied to the pipes using a special pump, which serves only for pumping. The coordination of this device is made by means of a level limiter, which is a well-functioning device that provides appropriate control and is placed inside the tank.

Autonomous water supply control system

When the pump is turned on or off, all the water inside the water supply system is sharply activated or also braked sharply. And it is not difficult to guess that at such moments there are corresponding pressure surges in the system. This phenomenon is called hydraulic shock. It is this fact that most often causes the failure of equipment and pipelines. Particularly critical are the connecting points, where there is often a violation caused by a sharp pressure drop and, as a result, a smudge is formed. In some cases, there is even a separation of the water column located in the water pipe and its further fall onto the pump during a stop.

Therefore, during the installation of the battery capacity, a throttle valve equipped with an electric drive is often provided and installed. This device can open very quickly during start-up and close when the pump is stopped. This solution is widely used in emergency situations. An example of this would be a pipe break that requires immediate draining of water from the system.

A more convenient and smooth start of the system, as well as a no less smooth stop, is carried out by changing the current frequency of 30-50 Hz. Moreover, this action is performed for a short time (about 30 s). The programmable type controller allows not only to get rid of water hammer, but also helps to maintain a constant pressure in the water pipes. This is done by changing the speed of the pump. This allows us to conclude that during operation, the performance of the system can change along with a change in the pump speed. At the same time, we can safely say that the resource of the device will increase significantly.

The cost of the considered control device ranges from $300 to $600 and it depends on the version and the parts used in the production process.

Regarding the controller device, we can say that any device of this type is a frequency controller capable of executing dozens of commands while controlling the rotation (speed) of the electric motor. A feature of the device is that it is able to provide the optimal mode of operation of the pump during its hard work. An example is the sudden current surges in the electrical network that can occur during the use of a manual arc welding machine. The controller will allow the negative influence exerted by these current surges. At the same time, it is possible to avoid turning off the pump during a voltage drop in the electrical network, for example, in rural areas, where such facts are recorded quite often.

Depending on how water will be consumed from the well, you can set the most rational pump operation mode. At the same time, it is possible to reduce overloads and exclude overheating of the engine, because both of these facts adversely affect the operation and shorten the life of the device.

This mode can be set manually or automatically using a special control panel. Very convenient to use remote control is the ability to automatically program the operating mode.

The system allows you to test the pump at any time and determine its performance.

In shaft-type wells located near houses in which no more than 4 people live, and their total water consumption does not exceed 4 cubic meters. m. per hour, small pumping units can be used. Vivid examples of such devices can be the Hydrojet or TJ Auto models. The prices of these devices are $300 and $140 respectively.

Battery capacity with a volume of 24l and 50l, as well as a pressure switch, allow you to set the economical mode of operation of the so-called suction pump. This is achieved by reducing the number of starts of this pump.

It is very convenient that all the components of this device can be assembled in one compact package. This also includes the control panel. The device can be safely installed even under the sink in the kitchen, while maintaining the aesthetics of the interior.

In cases where the water pressure at the outlet is insufficient, the automatic system will turn off the pump and then try to start it for a day. If the pump overheats, then the same system will immediately stop it, preventing it from failing. And when the pump cools down, the unit will start it again.

Well problems

Do not be afraid of the situation when, after a certain period of work, an artesian well begins to act a little. This is manifested in a decrease in flow rate, deterioration in water quality or an increased content of sand in it. In order to identify the causes of such ailments, you can make the so-called television inspection. This operation is performed using a special camera, which will need to be lowered into the water. The device will record on a video cassette and allow assessing the condition of the internal walls of the water-lifting pipeline along its entire length - this operation is called "well telelogging". In the future, by carefully reviewing the video footage, it is possible to identify the reasons for the failure of the well. There may be several such reasons: destruction (partial or complete) of the production string filter, as well as the appearance of a hydraulic connection between the aquifer and rock layers located above. Also, the cause of problems in the operation of the well may be mechanical damage to the wall or violation of the connecting sections of individual sections belonging to the casing. Another ailment is a sharp increase in the number of wells in the area.

Specialists involved in the installation and maintenance of autonomous water supply systems claim that telelogging allows not only to correctly determine the cause of a well failure, but also to make the right decision in a timely manner to eliminate the problem. The price of this study is from $ 3 per 1 meter of the length of the study. At the same time, it will be possible to reduce the cost of research and identifying the causes of failure, which can sometimes be carried out for a long time, and after all, no one wants to lose a continuous supply of water to their homes.

Rainwater collected from rooftops

It is noted that the greatest loads associated with water consumption in the central zone of Russia occur, as a rule, from May to August. This phenomenon is annual and requires a solution. This fact is explained by the fact that the amount of water used far exceeds the amount of natural precipitation falling during this period.

A fragment of a gutter system that allows you to collect rainwater from the roof of the cottage

In the considered period of time, for those who are very fond of crop production and pay maximum attention to ensuring that the site is green and lush, the solution may be to install a storage tank.

The time from August to November is characterized by abundant precipitation, which can be safely collected in an installed storage tank. In the future, the accumulated water can be used for household needs during the same year.

The water that falls during the rains has a good softness index and can be used for washing or washing, but it is forbidden to use it for food purposes, as it may contain a fairly large amount of sulfur dioxide that falls during the "acid" rains.

The Hydrorain installation has a capacity of 0.5-2 cubic meters. m, and is also equipped with an accumulator tank and a pump that makes it possible to automatically supply the collected water to a toilet, watering tap or washing machine. Ease of installation allows you to install the system yourself. You need to place it in a place where rainwater is collected: from the roof of a bathhouse, garage or cottage. The system can be connected to a seasonal water supply using a flexible tube made of metal-plastic. Modern drainage systems that collect moisture are able to independently purify water from various impurities.

Cost and maintenance of autonomous water supply

The cost of installations of various manufacturers is different and is in the range of 20 - 200 thousand rubles. This amount includes the cost of land and installation work.

Once every 5-6 years, the system should be inspected by a specialist to identify problems in connecting and other places.

The system requires a constant supply of electrical energy and in the event of a power outage in the network, you can resort to using an autonomous source.

We emphasize that before creating an autonomous water supply system, it is recommended to carefully consider the wiring diagram and the location of the individual elements of the system. You also need to consider a grounding system and a device that protects against lightning strikes.

The water supply of a private house can be organized in various ways. Although it is quite difficult for an unprepared person to independently understand all the intricacies and nuances of the operation of a water supply system, it will be useful to know the basics, at least for competent control of the work of installers. In order to competently choose the most optimal water supply option for your home, you need to understand its main types.

Water supply equipment is located in a separate room Source kolodec.guru

Types and methods of water supply of a private house

Water supply in a private house is divided into two main types:

Autonomous. Water is supplied from our own well.

centralized. Water is supplied from a water main, which in turn is fed from a water tower or pumping station.

Each of these options has its pros and cons, as well as the features of the installation work, which ultimately affects the final cost of organizing the water supply of a private house.

Centralized water supply: advantages and disadvantages

The main criteria for choosing a water supply system for a private house are usually:

The presence of a water main in a particular area is banal, but this issue is sometimes paid last attention;

The quality of the water supplied (in some holiday villages there is only technical water);

Reliability and uninterrupted operation;

Dependence on external factors (some lines are turned off for the winter);

Cost (sometimes it is cheaper to make an autonomous water supply than to crash into a highway).

Video description

Highlights on the required documents and permits, as well as how preliminary preparation is carried out - on the video

The advantages of a centralized water supply system include the following factors:

Automatic maintenance of the required pressure in the system;

Water initially undergoes purification - demineralization, removal of various impurities and mechanical particles, disinfection;

Low cost of connection and all installation works.

The disadvantages of this option include:

Dependence on external factors;

The need to obtain permits;

Monthly fee;

The pressure in the system can vary greatly;

The quality of water often leaves much to be desired due to the high concentration of chlorine and other chemical elements.

Autonomous water supply: pros and cons

The organization of autonomous water supply of a private house requires large financial and labor costs at the construction stage. This is due to the need to dig a well, or drill a well, draw up a plan correctly, and then select and purchase all the necessary equipment. Next, everything needs to be mounted and connected.

Despite the high costs of organizing an autonomous water supply for a private house, this method has several advantages:

Independence from external conditions;

Possibility to carry out water supply in places where there is no water main;

There is no need to pay monthly water supply services;

Water quality is usually much higher, plus the ability to independently install the necessary filters, depending on specific conditions.

Autonomous water supply is more difficult compared to the main Source communications.ru

As a result. Based on the foregoing, it is impossible to unambiguously answer which water supply system for a private house is better. The first option (centralized) is a lower initial cost and a relatively simple installation procedure. But the second way is independence and the absence of monthly payments, the best water quality and the reliability of the entire system, provided that the water supply scheme of a private house is drawn up correctly, the selection of equipment and its installation are carried out in accordance with all technological norms and standards.

Features of water supply from a well

Most often, when implementing an autonomous water supply for a private house, they use the option of supplying water from a well. This is due to the following factors:

The quality of water from a well is usually much better than from a well.

The volume of water is stable throughout the year, seasonal fluctuations are insignificant.

Durability (except for shallow wells "on the sand") and no need for periodic repair work.

The disadvantages of a well are more expensive drilling compared to digging a well, as well as the need to use more expensive borehole pumps.

Video description

Comparison of wells and wells in the video:

Types of wells

There are two main ways to organize the water supply of a private house from a well - the scheme may involve the use of an artesian well (up to 150 m deep) or the so-called "on the sand" (15-50 m). They differ not only in depth, but also in service life. The former can be used for up to 50 years, while the service life of the latter is usually 8-20 years.

Drilling of artesian wells is carried out using special equipment. Each such well is registered and a passport is issued for it. As a result, this work can only be entrusted to professionals.

Drilling wells "on the sand" can also be done manually, using an auger drill and extending its handles with pipes of suitable diameter.

Selection of pumping equipment

Pumping equipment is used to supply water to consumption points from a source. These can be separate pumps of various types (most often submersible - centrifugal or rotary) or pumping stations. When choosing such equipment, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters and technical characteristics:

Water consumption;

Minimum water supply column;

The highest point of water consumption;

well depth;

Nominal pressure (indicated in the passport);

Productivity (m³/hour).

In addition to the passport, all characteristics of the pump are indicated on the tags Source kolodec-mos.ru

The most popular and widespread are submersible pumps, the head of which is 60-80 m, and the productivity reaches 4 m³ per hour.

Scheme of water supply to a private house, water supply design

The organization of water supply of a private house begins with the preparation of a project. At this stage, it is necessary to take into account which type will be chosen, the frequency of use, as well as the source of water, the number of water loss points and the equipment used.

The water supply scheme will be fundamentally different, depending on which pumping equipment is selected for use. For example, it can be a submersible pump that is immersed in water and equipped with special automation. The second option is a pumping station or a surface pump. Most often installed in a house, utility room or caisson. The third option is the use of hydraulic accumulators.

Hydraulic accumulators for autonomous water supply of a private house Source b-a.eu

The latter option is considered the most preferable, as it allows you to significantly reduce the number of on-off pumping equipment, to prevent water hammer, thereby significantly extending the service life.

What factors should be considered when designing

An important role is played by the methods of purification and filtration of water, which are planned to be used. This can be a simple arrangement of a filter layer at the bottom of the well and the use of simple filters, or it can be the installation of filter systems.

Another important factor that must be taken into account when drawing up a water supply scheme for a private house is how hot water will be supplied.

In addition, the depth of the water pipes must be taken into account, which depends on the depth of soil freezing in a particular region.

A less expensive option for implementing autonomous water supply to a private house is to supply water from a well. This is due to the lower cost of digging a well, its long service life. Possibility of using less expensive pumping equipment.

Scheme of autonomous water supply from a well Source pinterest.com

Wiring diagrams

The most common water supply scheme is with a serial connection. This is especially true for rooms with a small number of appliances and equipment that is powered by a water supply system. The main advantages of this option are the ease of installation work, the relatively low consumption of pipes and fittings. The disadvantages are a decrease in pressure in the pipeline, at the end points, the difficulty in determining the location of the leak, and it is impossible to turn off a separate pipe.

An alternative to a series circuit is a collector connection. The main advantages are aesthetics (hidden gasket), high reliability, due to the minimum number of connections, plus simple and easy access to them. In addition, such a mounting system makes it possible to separately adjust each element of the system and plumbing fixtures. Disadvantages - more expensive cost of work and the need to use more pipes and accessories.

Water supply scheme: single-pipe and through a collector Source stroyobzor.info

Features of hot water supply of a private house

In order to organize hot water supply to a private house, electric boilers, gas water heaters, and solid or liquid fuel boilers are used. Each of these options has its own characteristics, pros and cons. Recently, solid fuel boilers on pellets, husks, sawdust and other waste from woodworking or paper production have become increasingly popular.

In our directory, you can find the most popular companies specializing in country house water supply, among the houses presented at the exhibition Low-rise Country.

Boilers allow you to organize the heating of a private house and hot water supply - at the same time, double-circuit models do better. They are characterized by high efficiency, ease of maintenance, cost-effectiveness, inexpensive fuel and durability. One of the most optimal options for organizing hot water supply is the use of buffer tanks (heat accumulators).

Video description

Clearly about the use of a heat accumulator in the video:

A properly planned water supply system of a private house, plus correctly selected equipment and high-quality installation of all elements, allow the system to be operated for many decades, without any payments and special problems.