Old house projects. Projects of pre-revolutionary houses and dachas

The living conditions of the present time have created special kind owners who seek minimal cost build your own nest.

As always, demand caused supply, and entrepreneurs came selling small plots of land in the immediate vicinity of the capital. The buyers of such land plots are in most cases working people who do not have large in cash and therefore those who seek to build themselves a dacha or a house, possibly in an economic way.

Going to meet such a desire of the majority, I offer to the attention of the respectable public a real collection of projects for inexpensive country houses. Each of the projects presented in this issue should be considered as a scheme that can be changed at will without incurring unnecessary costs.

The method of building dachas now practiced in the vast majority of cases comes down to a simple deal with a contractor, often an illiterate person, who builds at his own peril and taste, inherited from the same predecessor, and the result is a worthless dacha of a barracks-chest type in best case trimmed with various decorations in the false Russian style with cockerels and horses. The objective of this collection of architectural projects for summer cottages is an attempt to streamline the construction of summer cottages, acquainting the public with the elementary requirements of elegance in architecture, and the basics of building art, at the same time give a few typical plans buildings suitable for habitation, plans that can be changed according to the desire of each according to his requirements and aspirations.

Vl. Story. January 1914

We took the liberty of changing the projects a little, adding rooms for sanitary facilities, in accordance with modern requirements.

New historical projects

Projects of pre-revolutionary houses

Square: 200 m2

Square: 155 m2

Square: 150 m2

Square: 290 m2

Square: 320 m2

Square: 235 m2

Square: 120 m2

Square: 85 m2

Square: 130 m2

Fairy-tale tower based on V.M. Vasnetsov
Square: 350 m2

Square: 140 m2

The project of an old Ural peasant hut
Square: 85 m2
If the length of the log is equal to or exceeds 8 meters, then the walls must be pulled together with additional capital log walls.

All necessary building materials (saw mat, hardware, temporary roofing, moss, etc.), which will be required at the stage of assembling the log house.

Loading, unloading, delivery of the log house and the necessary building materials to the assembly site. Shipping costs included within a radius of 70 km. from MKAD.

Assembling a log house on a finished foundation.
This item is mandatory, because it is not very reasonable for both the Customer and us to entrust the assembly to a team that did not cut the log house.
At this stage included:

Floor beams made of logs with a diameter of 18 to 24 cm.
Primary caulk (moss or tow is included in the price)
The cost of using a truck crane (if necessary)
Assembly and disassembly scaffolding, including necessary materials
Overlapping of a house under construction or a bath
Manufacturing and installation truss system
Equipment of gables and, if possible, preparation window openings in the gables
roof lathing
Covering the roof with a temporary roof

After installing the log house on the foundation, a technological break necessarily follows, until the end of the initial shrinkage of the bath log house (from 4 to 12 months)

Recently there has been a trend to decorate wooden houses antique. Of course, it is common for every person to look back into the past, analyze this past and smile at good and pleasant memories. Same with the old house. Here it is - all dilapidated, old with a porch mowed from time to time and a roof overgrown with grass. But suddenly the eye falls on the lace of the carved architraves, on the carved elements of the roof, miraculously preserved over the past years, and you understand that you can’t just take all this wealth and forget it.

Examples of interiors with antique elements

Solid wooden houses have always been a symbol of prosperity, and in early XIX centuries, stone houses came into fashion European type and the most luxurious palaces. However, this fashion trend bypassed most family estates: old wooden houses spoke of the noble history of the family. So the old noble families tried to separate themselves from the same rich, but humble merchant family.

How to build an antique house

The 20th century in our country is the century of mass faceless construction. People are tired of the same apartments and the same type of housing in Brezhnev, Stalin and Khrushchev, and that is why today it is so popular to return to individual housing and to antiquity, emphasizing the tradition of Russian architecture. Historical, traditional surroundings give rise to a special spirit home comfort. And thanks to new materials, this effect is achieved without sacrificing comfort. And for less cost.

Construction technology wooden houses semi-antique is no different from any other construction of a wooden cottage. The house can be built from timber and rounded logs. And giving a distinctive look is the task of finishing and the difference is only in the type of finishing materials.

The most common types facing materials imitating antiquity:

Roofing - instead of copper sheets, characteristic of rich, wealthy owners, metal tiles are now used. A little trick - a weather vane, a small decoration peculiar to European medieval architecture can decorate and perfectly transform appearance roofs.Russia was characterized by a weather vane in the form of a bird

Remember the famous tale of Pushkin A.S. "About the Golden Cockerel":

"Put this bird,

He said to the king, - on the knitting needle

My golden cockerel

Your faithful watchman will be:

Imitation walls and tiles natural stone, artificial facing brick, siding to match oak boards. Windows - most often PVC with imitation of natural materials.

The interior of the house can also be finished using not only old technologies, but also artificially aged materials.

To maintain the overall picture, the site itself, where the house is located, is also undergoing changes. It will complement the image of the building with an excursion into history. Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of the garden, paths and gazebos and recreation areas with alpine slides and weirs. Small wooden bridges across a stream or small pond ik will fit into this concept chic. From inexpensive options- ordinary wooden fence, painted in dark tones or tinted stain. Forged fences and boulders will serve as an additional decoration.

Variants of houses "antique"

Chopped hut
scandinavian house

Chopped hut is a native Russian dwelling. Not only temples, but also the mansions of princes, boyars and merchants were built from huge centuries-old trunks. As for the common man, there was no choice, only a tree, which is simpler and closer. The main purpose of the house is protection from cold winter and the enemy: robbers, Pechenegs and nomads. Therefore, these houses were built from massive logs, the diameter of which reached half a meter. Projects of such house-terems are in great demand. Only there are not so many centuries-old trees left, and it is not easy to find good woodcutters. Such houses cost a lot, as they require considerable investments even at the stage of logging.

Examples of antique furniture and decor

Less whimsical and more popular is another type of semi-antique house - a Scandinavian house-chalet, which can be built from profiled timber or round logs. Wall decoration in these houses is not done. These houses tend to have a simple geometry, mostly one-story or with attic floor are simple and reliable. The squat appearance of these houses is a functional shelter from the strong icy wind and fluffy snow. Now such houses with extended, sloping roofs attract not only tourists from ski resorts and residents of Scandinavia, but also the flat inhabitants of the Russian land.

Other types and variants of "antique" houses are also worthy of attention, but all these houses have one distinct concept. You can use any material that gives a touch of antiquity, any if you want to achieve a retro style.

AT last years private houses built in the style of old Russian estates are becoming very popular.

Cottages created in modern "technogenic" styles are beginning to lose their relevance. Increasingly, customers are turning to architects with a request to create a private house project in the Russian style in order to return to ancient traditions. Many people think that only elite houses can be built in the form of a noble estate, but this is absolutely not the case. If the customer wishes, even a small cottage can be made with elements of the Russian historical architectural style. It will turn out a very beautiful, compact mini-estate. Such a house does not have to be huge and three-story at all.

In modern cottage villages, homesteads are increasingly appearing. They are fundamentally different from neighboring buildings built in modern styles. The cottage-estate is a classic, such an architectural style will not go out of fashion in a few decades. If you want to build a real "family nest" not only for yourself, but also for children and grandchildren, choose this particular architectural style. Even after many years, such a cottage will look luxurious.

It is in the manor houses that an indescribable feeling of comfort and tranquility is created. Of course, this is possible provided that the architectural and interior style is maintained correctly. In this case, the house will really have an amazing atmosphere. It will be truly "home" and incredibly comfortable. Why, among the abundance of architectural styles, this one seems so dear to many people? It's probably genetic memory. No matter how interesting and attractive cottages in the Mediterranean, Swiss, Scandinavian, exotic styles may seem, only the traditions of their people can touch the strings of the soul.

How were noble estates built in the old days?

To create modern cottage in that architectural style, must deal with historical facts, to understand what Russian estates were like, what are their distinctive features. Absolutely all old estates are characterized by a combination of luxury, comfort and quiet village life. This is what creates that unique atmosphere of comfort and tranquility. In those days, there was no frantic rhythm of life, from which we all get so tired in modern times. Therefore, the old estates are imbued with the spirit of calm and regularity. If you want to make your home really cozy, where you can truly relax from the hustle and bustle, choose this particular architectural style.

As a rule, the word "estate" meant not one house, but a whole complex of buildings that were built in the same style, decorating the facades with stucco and columns in the same way. Such houses were built for a long time, but "for centuries". That is why many have survived to this day, collapsing only for the reasons that they are not restored or completely left abandoned and uninhabited. Such a “family nest” was built taking into account the fact that several generations would live in it. Therefore, the rooms were made very spacious, the facades were decorated with stucco, statues, and all this was done very high quality so that children or grandchildren did not have to do it. overhaul estates.

What does everyone imagine when they hear the words "noble estate"? Of course, a luxurious house with white columns, a terrace, a huge garden for walking and even a private lake. Main Feature of such estates was that they fit perfectly into the surrounding landscape. Around the house necessarily created luxury garden with many paths for walking, they certainly built cozy gazebos. Only the best craftsmen were trusted to perform facade work during the construction of the estate. Probably everyone knows that there are no two completely identical noble estates. All of them are somewhat similar, because they were built at approximately the same time, but at the same time, they are all radically different. The facade was the real "face" of the estate, it was necessarily decorated with stucco, columns and statues. Sometimes there were even too many decorations, which is why general form the manor turned out to be rather pompous. But in those days it was considered the norm and a sign that the owner is rich and belongs to a high class. The facade of the estate was evaluated financial well-being its owner. That is why the landowners competed among themselves whose house would look richer and more luxurious.

In those days, wood and stone were used to decorate the facade, it was made monumental so that it would serve several generations, while maintaining its presentable appearance. Modern building materials make it possible to make luxurious facades in the historical Russian style, which will also serve for decades. The compositions and materials that are created in our time are much more resistant to weather factors, they are also light and do not weigh down the walls. Previously, the architect could “make a name for himself” on the construction of the estate. Glory about luxury home spread very quickly not only in the region, but also throughout Russia and even beyond its borders. That is why the architects put their soul into their creations, they thought over not only the appearance of the estate, but also helped the owners with interior design. The decoration of rooms in those days was treated responsibly, furniture and decor were made to order from the best craftsmen. The owners of the estate sought to ensure that the facade of the house and the interior of the premises were in harmony with each other.

Even in those days there were standard designs for estates. But they were taken as a basis, the architect each time came up with a unique facade, making it unique due to the abundance decorative elements. Also, redevelopment of the premises was done at the request of the owners. That is why in Russia there are no two completely identical estates.

It should be noted that there were several types of noble estates:

If they were located in a village outside the city and were a place permanent residence, they were adapted for this purpose. Stables, a barnyard, greenhouses for growing vegetables and fruits were necessarily built nearby. Pheasants were set up in the garden, where decorative birds were kept.
A little later, estates that were built "in the European manner" became fashionable. Their main feature was the presence of huge summer greenhouses and winter gardens.
There were also city estates, which differed from country estates. They occupied a smaller area, so the owners invested even more money in creating beautiful facade and luxurious furnishings in the rooms.

The main features of the layout of rooms in a noble estate

The estate was necessarily divided into two halves. In the smaller one there were rooms for servants, as well as all kinds of utility rooms, a kitchen. It was indecent for the landlords to walk along the same corridors with servants. Therefore, in the estates, almost all rooms were made through. That is, they had three doors, through one of them it was possible to get into long corridor, and through the other two - in adjoining rooms. The owners walked "through wide doors", that is, they very rarely used the corridors, but simply passed through all the rooms to get to the right one. The servants walked along the corridors so as not to interfere with the owners. On the first floor, a huge room was necessarily allocated, making it a room for balls and banquets.

Also, in the noble estate, a whole room was allocated for the library. Of course, these features of noble estates are not relevant to our time. Now it is absolutely not necessary to divide the house into half "lordly" and half for servants. Also, no one makes huge ballrooms now. Instead, on the ground floor, you can make a spacious living room with a fireplace, it can be combined with a dining room.

How to build your house in the style of a noble estate:

First of all, it is necessary to develop individual project future cottage or choose one you like from existing ones.
It is very important to choose the right land plot for construction. It must be in a picturesque and quiet place. It is very desirable to have a nearby river, lake or at least a small pond. It will be great if small pond will be on the territory, it can be turned into a "highlight" of your future family estate.
A house in the style of a noble estate must be decorated with columns. They are made not only on the facade of the building, but also in the living room. Such a house seems to “dissolve in time”. In a few years, guests who see your estate for the first time will be sure that it is old and passed to you by inheritance. But to create such an effect, it is necessary to abandon the use of "technogenic" building materials. For example, there should be no plastic, windows should only be wooden.
Care must be taken not only convenient layout rooms, but also about making the facade of your estate unique. It needs to be made a real masterpiece of architectural art. If you wish, you can borrow some elements by looking at photographs of the estates you like, but never completely copy the facade decoration. Wood carving will look luxurious. Do not worry that the wood will crack and turn black in a few years, there are a huge number of special antifungal impregnations, as well as varnishes that will protect the wood from moisture on long years while keeping its beauty exposed. Making stucco decorations thanks to modern materials is now very simple. For this, ready-made patterns and foam products are used, which are glued in right place, they require mandatory finishing. Also, to decorate the facade, there are ready-made stucco elements made of gypsum. They are attached with special glue, as they are quite heavy.
The main and most spacious room in such a house should be the living room. It is sure to make a stone fireplace in order to create with its help unique comfort and emphasize your chosen architectural style.
The house, which was built in the style of a noble estate, should look old, but at the same time, it is possible and necessary to make modern air conditioning, plumbing, lighting and other systems in it.
The house-estate must be very cozy and warm, for this you need to use modern heat-insulating materials.

Take care not only of the appearance of the cottage, but also of the interior in the rooms. Agree, it will be rather strange if the outside of the house looks like old manor, and inside it is decorated in the style of minimalism, hi-tech or loft. There should be no signs of "technogenic civilization" in the interior. Take responsibility for the choice of furniture and decor. Ideally, they should be vintage, now it’s not a problem to get a real one. antique furniture in great condition. But the new one is fine too. modern furniture, but all of it must be done in antique style. Chandeliers must be luxurious and massive in the "noble" style. Candle lights are ideal. The best elements of decor will be all kinds of antique gizmos.
In the living room you can make huge windows from ceiling to floor. They need to be curtained with plain curtains with lambrequins and large tassels made of dense threads.
Take Special attention arrangement of the territory around your estate. In the courtyard there must be a gazebo, made in the same style as the facade. You can also do small fountain or a waterfall. Be sure to take care of the beautiful night illumination of the yard, install lanterns that will look like old ones. If there is a small pond in the yard, you can throw a bridge with a wrought iron railing over it.
Take care of creating beautiful landscape design. To emphasize the style of an old noble estate, be sure to plant ornamental bushes along the paths, which will need to be trimmed regularly, giving them a neat shape.

A peasant hut made of logs has been considered a symbol of Russia from time immemorial. According to archaeologists, the first huts appeared in Russia 2 thousand years ago BC. For many centuries, the architecture of wooden peasant houses remained practically unchanged, combining everything that every family needed: a roof over their heads and a place where you can relax after a hard day's work.

In the 19th century, the most common plan of a Russian hut included a dwelling (hut), a canopy and a crate. The main room was a hut - a heated living space of a square or rectangular shape. A crate was used as a storage room, which was connected to the hut at the expense of a canopy. In turn, the canopy was a utility room. They were never heated, so they could only be used as living quarters in the summer. Among the poor strata of the population, a two-chamber layout of the hut, consisting of a hut and a vestibule, was common.

Ceilings in wooden houses were flat, they were often hemmed with dyed hemp. The floors were made of oak bricks. The decoration of the walls was carried out with the help of red board, while in rich houses the decoration was supplemented with red leather (less wealthy people usually used matting). In the 17th century, ceilings, vaults and walls began to be decorated with paintings. Benches were placed around the walls under each window, which were securely fastened directly to the structure of the house itself. Approximately at the level of human height above the benches along the walls, long shelves made of wood, which were called crows, were equipped. On the shelves located along the room, they kept kitchen utensils, and on others - tools for men's work.

Initially, the windows in Russian huts were portage, that is, viewing windows that were cut in adjacent logs half a log up and down. They looked like a small horizontal slot and were sometimes decorated with carvings. They closed the opening (“clouded”) with the help of boards or fish bubbles, leaving a small hole (“peeper”) in the center of the valve.

After some time, the so-called red windows, with a frame, framed by jambs, became popular. They had more complex design than drag ones, and were always decorated. The height of the red windows was at least three diameters of a log in a log house.

In poor houses, the windows were so small that when they were closed, the room became very dark. In rich houses, windows with outer side closed with iron shutters, often using pieces of mica instead of glass. From these pieces it was possible to create various ornaments, painting them with images of grass, birds, flowers, etc. with the help of paints.

Our country is rich in forest resources, which led to the widespread use of lumber in construction. This material has a number of advantages, such as manufacturability, ease of processing, positive impact on human health. An individual project of the estate, made by a professional architect in the Russian style and implemented by highly qualified craftsmen, will organically fit into.

The lower level of the building is often a multifunctional structure, which is also the foundation. Here, in addition to the garage box, there is a shower, a bathroom and a real bath or sauna.

At present, there is an increased interest in traditional Russian architecture in our country. Original volumetric and spatial solutions are embodied in buildings reminiscent of old merchant or noble mansions. Individual and standard projects wooden estates are becoming increasingly popular among representatives of almost all social groups.

Architecture firms offer a variety of options, ranging from inexpensive low-budget buildings to luxury buildings. , which is sufficient to accommodate following premises on the first floor:

living room with a working fireplace made of natural stone;
a large dining room next to the kitchen, which is equipped with everything you need;
bathroom with jacuzzi, shower and other modern sanitary equipment.

The second floor is designed for work and leisure, it provides:

bedrooms for good sleep;
children's room or any other room for rest and relaxation;
additional bathroom, so as not to go down constantly.

For the convenience of permanent and temporary residents, this level has a well-equipped bathroom and a convenient lavatory. A special charm to the premises of the second floor is given by the walls sloping inward with skylights special design. This design approach allows the most complete use of the entire internal volume of the building with the lowest possible total height of the house.

Foundation and foundation of estates

The country house, made in the traditional Russian style, is characterized by solidity and reliability. This is expressed in the use of one of the most durable modern building materials for the lower level - monolithic reinforced concrete. To strictly follow the chosen architectural concept and organicity, natural stone is used for facing the foundation.

Combination natural wood and wild stone gives the building a special charm. At the same time, the materials used, while maintaining authenticity, were subjected to serious processing using innovative technologies. This made it possible to give the raw material a more perfect form, adapted for construction work.

Cast together with walls and ceilings. All elements of the structure are reinforced with steel or fiberglass rod. The monolithic structure has high mechanical strength and resistance to external influences. To protect the base from moisture contained in the adjacent soil masses, a set of measures for waterproofing is carried out.

To reduce heat loss through monolithic walls they are carried out using extruded polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam. The use of materials can significantly increase the energy efficiency of the building and significantly reduce the cost of maintaining it in general and heating suburban housing in particular.

Log house materials

Russian architects were famous for their skill and ability to build architectural ensembles of wood. Multi-tiered buildings with complex transitions are several simple log cabins combined into a single structure. As the main building material for country house a log that has been processed on special equipment is used.

In the process of cylindering, the material is given the correct geometric shape, which greatly simplifies the work of builders and the appearance of the building. Whips of freshly sawn trees are used as raw materials. conifers pine or cedar. Wood of the first type is more accessible to the general consumer, primarily in terms of cost.

The wood that grows in the northern regions of Siberia, Karelia and Pomorie has the best characteristics. When choosing a material for the construction of a country house, in no case should you save on its quality. It is recommended to involve a qualified specialist to inspect rounded logs offered by suppliers. The forest must meet the requirements of national and international quality standards.