Projects of houses from various blocks. Projects of houses from aerated concrete Project of a house from blocks with drawings
Annotation: The project of a one-story house made of aerated concrete
Project one-story house from aerated concrete blocks 7 by 7 has all the amenities for living outside the city of the whole family. Three zones can be distinguished in the layout of the house: a sauna with a shower room and a bathroom, an active pastime zone, and a vestibule. One of the bathrooms can be converted into a boiler room. Entrance to Vacation home from aerated concrete goes through an open terrace.
External walls - aerated concrete blocks. The facade of the house 7x7 m is lined with facing stone and plastered, it can also be used decorative plaster for finishing the facade, PVC siding or facing facade blocks. Download a free project of a one-story aerated concrete house 7.55 x 7.62 m.
Aerated concrete house project with a garage 8x9 m
Annotation: 8x9 aerated concrete house project with a garage
House project from aerated concrete blocks 8 by 9 with a garage has all the comforts. It has an entrance hall, combined living room and kitchen on the ground floor. The living room has two large windows. In the finished project of the house made of aerated concrete, there are two bedrooms on the second floor. Finishing can be done from any material. Aerated concrete house project with a garage for free.
Annotation: The project of a two-story house made of aerated concrete 6x9
Aerated concrete house project 6 by 9 has all the amenities for living the whole family outside the city. In the layout of the house made of aerated concrete, several zones can be distinguished: in the first there is a shower room and a bathroom, in the center of the house there is an active pastime zone, on the second floor there are bedrooms. Next, you can download for free a project of a house from an aerated block with drawings of 10x10 m.
Annotation: Ready project of aerated concrete house 10x10 m
Aerated concrete house project 10 by 10 meters is distinguished by a careful drawing of the facade, which allows you to fit a cottage made of aerated concrete into any complex. Internal layout the first floor is comfortable and divided into three parts, each zone has its own functional purpose.
On the ground floor of the house made of aerated concrete blocks, the living room and kitchen are designed in one volume, in accordance with the latest ideas about comfort in ergonomics, which allows you to increase the interior space. Additional comfort is provided by the presence of a built-in garage with access from the hall of the house. On the second floor there are three bedrooms and bedrooms.
Ready-made project of aerated concrete house with an attic 8x10 m
Dimensions: 8.2 x 10.5 m Total area: 129.6 m2 Bedrooms and rooms: 4 |
Many of our compatriots, when acquiring or inheriting a summer cottage, receive along with it a small building. Large country house this is great, but you can’t accelerate much on Soviet 6 acres, so classic one-story summer cottages 6x4 without insulation or country houses from block containers.
Standard house 6x4
Summer cottages of this size have been built for about 30 years. For areas with a small quadrature, this best option, provided that there is a desire to set up another garden and vegetable garden.
wooden house
Suppose you have received a ready-made light wooden country house 6 by 4. It is impossible to demolish and build a new one, since this requires serious investments. But you can rebuild and insulate an already finished structure, having received good dacha for reasonable money.
Initially, you need to carefully inspect the load-bearing beams and if they are in order, you can begin the conversion. Normal Height gable roof it does not always allow you to equip an attic under it, so it is better to dismantle the old structures and re-roof it. It is optimal to make it a broken line, thereby expanding the space for the second floor.
Walls can be insulated from the inside and outside. In our opinion, it is not advisable to insulate from the inside. Firstly, a lot of usable space is eaten up already small house. Secondly, if the house is not new, then exterior finish greatly improve its appearance.
Both floors and floors can be insulated with foam, but it is better to use expanded clay. The price will not be much higher, but the material is environmentally friendly and vapor-permeable. As for the walls, here you can also use foam, but better quality mineral wool followed by cladding or siding.
Tip: when choosing between polystyrene foam and mineral wool, you should ask about the quality of the mineral wool.
The fact is that cheap mats will be of poor quality and will soon begin to crumble, causing serious harm to health.
Therefore, if it is not possible to buy a quality mineral insulation take styrofoam.
House from block container
This type of building in summer cottages is common. In fact, this is quite convenient, because you immediately get a ready-made sealed, often insulated structure with a subfloor, walls and ceiling. The width of such a block is about 2.5 m, the length varies from 3 to 6 m.
So by connecting 2 four-meter blocks, you immediately get a one-story country house 5 by 4. It used to be popular to use construction trailers, which, in fact, are also a kind of block containers and have similar sizes. With a competent approach, all these structures can be entered into overall plan new home.
A monolithic strip foundation for such a structure can be poured, but this is not advisable. It is much faster and more profitable to lay it with your own hands.
The instruction is elementary simple.
- Pits are dug along the load lines in increments of 1.5 - 2 m, with a depth exceeding the freezing point by 100 mm.
- After that, a sand and gravel cushion is made and well compacted.
- Then a reinforced concrete layer is poured, the minimum thickness of the pour is 150 mm.
- On such a base, you can simply lay several levels of cinder block, this will be enough for a light wooden or frame structure.. But we advise laying out solid brick pedestals. The masonry is made by a well, the internal space is reinforced and poured with concrete.
Important: if you subsequently wish to build a house from foam or aerated concrete, then brick-concrete, reinforced pillars can easily withstand such a construction and you will not need to fill in a new foundation.
A country house 4 by 4 or 4x6 can be made from a block of containers using 1 container to which it is attached open veranda or a closed vestibule with a wardrobe. To ensure the solidity of the structure, it is necessary to weld a single strapping of metal I-beam from below. On this basis, you can confidently build a house with an attic.
For the construction of an extension frame for a house with an attic, it is recommended to use wooden beam section 100x100 mm or 100x50 mm. To expand a one-story change house, a beam of 50x50 mm is enough.
House layout
A country house 4 by 5, assembled from 2 blocks of containers 2.5x4m, without an attic will be quite miniature. Therefore, in this case, the attic add-on will not only increase the number of square meters, but also turn your cottage into small house from a fairytale.
Plan country house 4 by 5 from block containers, might look something like this. The first block will be occupied by the kitchen and a small wardrobe, the second will be used as a living room or bedroom. AT two-story version much more possibilities. Here the first block is divided into wardrobe and spiral staircase on the second floor, in the second block there will be a living room combined with a kitchen, and upstairs there will be 2 bedrooms.
Important: the use of block containers for the construction of summer cottages is also convenient because the metal is already covered with anti-corrosion paint, plus the wavy configuration of the sheet provides good ventilation for external insulation.
Let's talk about the attic
As mentioned earlier, the attic in houses with a small quadrature is best done with a sloping roof.
We will proceed from the fact that the second floor must be fully insulated and suitable for use in the winter.
- Let's start with the fact that for roof insulation on greater territory our country needs at least 200 mm. The price of monolithic rafters with such a depth will be higher, so it is more profitable to splice 2 beams of 100x50 mm, plus such a beam is well suited for.
- With outside a crate is stuffed on which slate or other roofing material. From the inside, the crate and rafters are lined with a waterproofing film with a small ventilation gap.
- The insulation itself is mounted on the waterproofing, it is advisable to use high-quality mineral wool, but foam plastic may be suitable as an economy option.
- Next, the insulation is hemmed with a layer of vapor barrier, which is fixed with lathing strips. You can already attach to the crate facing material to your liking, but the most common option for giving is lining.
Tip: 2-3 people can rebuild a finished house or build a structure based on a block of containers in a week, a maximum of 2.
Therefore, if there is no power supply yet, renting a diesel generator for giving will help you out.
Conclusion
If on your suburban area there is a small house do not despair, with great desire, using the recommendations of the specialists of our site, you will be able to qualitatively rebuild and insulate the structure with your own hands.
Recently, the construction industry has been developing more and more thanks to new technologies and developments. Moreover, construction is now being carried out in any direction, both in the non-residential fund and in cottage settlements. Therefore, block house projects are becoming very popular, which have become a real breakthrough in the construction industry.
Block houses are a great option for low-rise construction
It's no secret that building a house is a very expensive process. financial terms, as well as with respect to time. Starting construction, it is difficult to imagine how long this whole process will take. It consists of several stages. No wonder everyone who dreams of own house, tries to at least slightly reduce the construction time.
How to do it
If use the right materials and work with the right people, you can significantly save the time allotted for construction. If urgent construction is planned, then it is best to use blocks for these purposes. Building from blocks will eliminate the need for constant monitoring of each stage of construction and significantly save time.
Project two-story house from foam concrete blocks Another significant advantage of block houses is that their foundation is much easier to make than the foundation for an ordinary brick house. The structural features imply that a lightweight version of the strip foundation will be used, which will allow the house to look more sophisticated and aesthetically pleasing, and its owner will be able to get a nice bonus in the form of very large savings compared to buildings made of traditional material.
It's warmer in a block house
Another reason why many began to order, or from blocks of some other material, is that in such a structure it is much warmer than in any other.
Not so long ago, studies were conducted that finally confirmed that they have excellent resistance to cold, which is important in cold period time.
Claydite concrete houses
Deservedly popular options for building houses are the construction of premises from expanded clay concrete. , like all similar buildings, are very quickly and easily erected.
- A feature of the construction of houses from expanded clay concrete is that this material is resistant to cold, so work can be done year-round.
- Expanded clay blocks are absolutely not afraid of moisture.
Expanded clay concrete structures are very warm in themselves, and if you also insulate them additionally, then in winter you will not feel any discomfort or inconvenience at all. In addition, the financial costs of expanded clay concrete are not so great, so this is one of the best options for construction.
Private residential building built of expanded clay concrete blocks Houses made of ceramic blocks
This type of block houses is also the most popular in the construction industry. provide for mandatory Finishing work, so the blocks themselves are not protected from a humid environment. If it is not possible to spend money on expensive exterior finishes, then it is better to spend more money on the material and purchase moisture-resistant expanded clay concrete.
ceramic blocks Another fact that cannot be ignored is the price. As with the construction of a house from expanded clay concrete, it is quite acceptable.
Thermal insulation is one of the advantages of ceramic blocks. If additional work is carried out on exterior finish, then the building will be reliably protected during the cold period.
Project of a house from large ceramic blocks Porotherm Features of aerated concrete
Consider the features of aerated concrete blocks, which have also recently been very popular among users. Aerated concrete blocks have been used in construction for a long time, and their popularity given material does not lose, but only gains, thanks to the latest technologies construction industry.
However, it has several features that should be discussed in more detail and that should be taken into account when drafting a house from this material.
So, aerated concrete is a material of artificial origin, which, nevertheless, has very high performance and is beneficial in construction.
Its main feature is the low weight category compared to other materials, and the thermal conductivity is very low. Thus, this lightweight material will perfectly protect against frost as well as a classic brick or even a tree loved by everyone.
True, its artificial origin does not allow it to be as useful as a tree. True, the price of a house made of aerated concrete is much lower than a house made of wood. In addition, aerated concrete is very durable and fire resistant, which is also a huge plus, given the amount of various equipment it is now customary to place in the house.
The project of a two-story house of aerated concrete blocks Each of us has a desire to have our own personal fortress - a durable home that would be warm and cozy. Quite popular among developers in 2018 are architectural projects of houses made of ceramic blocks.
To secure such a home, you need to select Construction Materials with knowledge of the technology of their application. Any violations of it can negatively affect the properties of the materials, because of which it was decided to buy it.
This material will be useful, first of all, to developers for whom the projects of houses made of ceramic blocks are a priority, as well as to everyone who, in principle, is interested in houses made of blocks (photos, diagrams, draft designs, drawings and videos can be viewed in this section of the catalog) and properties this masonry material.
Author's and standard plans for projects of houses from blocks: the main technical parameters of ceramic products
Ceramic products are made from raw materials such as clay. It gives the blocks the following individual features:
- Good heat-shielding performance provided by the porous structure of the material, as well as the ability to accumulate solar heat inside the house from blocks (projects and sketches can be viewed in this section). A single-layer wall is characterized by a heat transfer equal to 0.29 W / m2K.
- Optimal costs: having excellent thermal protection, ceramic block masonry does not require insulation, which significantly reduces the cost estimate.
- Comfort: breathable blocks provide a comfortable air environment in residential cottages due to the balance of humidity in the room.
- Reliability: the strength of buildings made of ceramic blocks makes it possible to implement plans for houses made of blocks in areas with increased seismic hazard.
- Refractory properties: thanks to the firing of blocks during manufacture, their fire resistance increases, reaching 4 hours.
Layout of house projects from blocks: how to avoid common mistakes when implementing it on a turnkey basis
Forewarned is forearmed! Often, the process of laying the walls of private houses from ceramic blocks is accompanied by annoying mistakes that can seriously reduce the expected quality. finished structures. The following rules will help you avoid breaking the technology.
- For cutting blocks it is allowed to use only a specialized tool. This will eliminate the possibility of breakage of products and keep the thickness of masonry joints (cold bridges) within acceptable limits (8-15 mm).
- A house made of blocks will be warm if there are no bricks in the walls. Ordinary brick will significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the wall.
- Since the insulation is characterized by a minimum thickness of 80 mm, it is important to leave a gap in the wall masonry of at least this value for high-quality installation of the insulation layer of monolithic products (ceilings, lintels).
- The durability of the masonry is ensured by the device of a horizontally even base of the foundation. If the deviations in height are insignificant, it is better to level them with a cement-sand screed. Fine-grained concrete a good option to even out large gaps.
- It is forbidden to neglect the dressings in the laying of ceramic blocks.
- If the layout of houses from blocks involves the construction internal walls and partitions, then make from the same ceramic blocks that were purchased for the device external walls, inappropriate. This is a direct increase in the cost of construction.
- It is important to fill vertical joints with mortar, only if there are no ridges in the products and or the gap between them is more than 5 mm.
- When preserving, be sure to cover plastic wrap laying of ceramic blocks even with a short suspension of construction due to waterlogging of the material by precipitation.
So, in order for new houses made of ceramic blocks to be reliable, it is important to ensure compliance with the technology, as well as the experience and qualifications of the construction team. To create an original image of the house for a separate price, the client can order the design of houses from blocks, an individual project of a turnkey block house and a number of other additions.
Enjoy your viewing and choice!
Pavel
Answer:
| Hello Pavel. 21-65 belongs to a series of houses - Cayman30 . ceramic blocks Cayman30 outnumber
House project for free
. |
Cayman30 The return on investment in warmer walls is 303 years.
According to the required thermal resistance for external walls residential buildings in outskirts of Moscow - 3.14 m2*S/W.Thermal resistance of an external wall built using a heat-efficient ceramic block Cayman30 and lined with slotted brick - 3.7344 m2*S/W.
Cayman30- 0.094 W/m*S.
Thermal resistance of an external wall built using gas silicateblocks D500 with a wall thickness of 500 mm and lined with slotted bricks - 4.1526 m2*S/W.
Thermal engineering calculation is presented below.
The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient λа aerated concrete blocks D500
- 0.126 W/m*S.
The total cost of building a house for the project 21-65 will be lower by 381 317 rubles when choosing a ceramic block Cayman30. A detailed cost comparison is provided below.
Walls out aerated concrete block D500 with a wall thickness of 500mm have a higher thermal resistance, 9%
higher. You can count on a return on investment in "warmer" external walls due to savings on heating during the operation of the house.
The issue is the return on investment.
Obviously that heat losses during the heating period will occur not only through external walls.
- 30-35% heat loss occurs through ventilation ducts and chimneys.
- The thermal resistance of modern window structures is 3 times lower than the thermal resistance of an external block wall Cayman30. As a result, heat loss through windows is 20-25% .
- Heat escapes through the structure of the walls and floor of the basement, as well as attic floor. It's still 10-15% all heat losses.
- Maximum on the walls 30% heat losses, i.e. in the check for heating, only 30 percent of the amount falls on the walls.
As noted above, the thermal resistance of the external wall structure of the block gas silicate blocks D500
will be higher 9%
.
Calculate the approximate monthly savings associated with the replacement Cayman30 to a warmer gas silicate blocks D500 with wall thickness 500mm.
Savings = 2,000 x 30% x 9% = 180 rubles/month.
In that climate zone where you plan to build a house, heating season lasts Seven months.
As noted above, investment in more warm wall will increase the cost of 381 317 rubles.
Let's count return on investment by saving on heating costs.
381 317 rubles / 180 rubles / month / 7 months = 303 years.
1. Strength.
So ceramic block Cayman30
Kaiman 30
To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Shchelkovo, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.
R, m 2 *S/W).
Schelkovo.
GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,
where,
t in 20
- 22 °С);
t from Schelkovo
meaning -3,1
°C;
z from Schelkovo
meaning 216 days.
R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b
where,
R tr 0
a and b a b - 1,4
R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158
Where,
Σ
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
n
R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r
Where,
r
according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 r 0,98 .
R r 00 required.
λ a or λ in
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SNiP " Thermal protection buildings" 1st step. Let's define h Schelkovo |
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According to the city table Schelkovo 2nd step. |
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dry. 3rd step. dry, Schelkovo normal. |
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Summary. |
Natalia
Answer:
 Hello, Natalia. House project you are considering 29-51 belongs to a series of houses - The project of the house was designed using gas silicate blocks . The project of the house you are considering, in which a ceramic block is used as the material of the bearing walls Cayman30, is listed in our catalog under the number . ceramic blocks Cayman30 outnumber gas silicate / aerated concrete blocks according to all the main characteristics: strength, heat saving. At the same time, the final costs will be lower when choosing ceramics.. For more details, see the cost comparison below.
Projects of houses from ceramic blocks are included in the action House project for free
. |
Let's compare the materials under consideration - gas silicate blocks and ceramic blocks in terms of characteristics and construction costs.
Kerakam Kaiman30 gas silicate block D500
100 109 rubles.
1. Strength.
The strength of wall materials is determined by the limiting pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of force (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the material surface.
So ceramic block Cayman30 has a strength grade M75, which means that one square centimeter is able to withstand a load equal to 75 kg.
The value of the strength grade of a gas silicate block with a density of 500 kg / m 3, y different manufacturers, ranges from M35 to M50. As a result, according to the instructions of the manufacturers of gas silicate blocks, every third row of masonry should be reinforced, as shown in the photo below.
Ceramic block masonry Kaiman 30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, per meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, which is laid in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive chasing and subsequent covering of the reinforcement in the strobe with glue is not required.
Masonry mortar during the installation of ceramic blocks is applied only along the horizontal masonry seam. The bricklayer applies the solution immediately to one and a half to two meters of masonry and starts each next block along the groove-ridge. The laying is very fast.
When installing gas silicate blocks, the solution must also be applied to side surface blocks. It is obvious that the speed and laboriousness of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.
Also, for professional masons, sawing ceramic blocks is not a problem. For this purpose, it is used reciprocating saw, with the help of the same saw, they are sawn and gas silicate blocks. In each row of the wall, only one block is required to be cut.
2. The ability of the structures under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. keep the house warm in winter, cool in summer.
Below is a heat engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings".As well as the economic justification for the use of the Kaiman30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from gas silicate blocks.
To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Bronnitsy, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.
The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).
Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °С ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city Bronnitsy.
GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,
where,
t in- the design temperature of the internal air of the building, ° С, taken in the calculation of the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - by minimum values optimal temperature corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the range 20
- 22 °С);
t from- average outdoor air temperature, °С during the cold period, for the city of Bronnitsy
meaning -3,4
°C;
z from- duration, days / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period from average daily temperature outdoor air not more than 8 °C, for the city Bronnitsy
meaning 212 days.
The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings is determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)
R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b
where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value a should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4
The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the considered structure:
R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158
Where,
Σ
– symbol of summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which can be taken as a constant for simplicity.
Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.
R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r
Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with heterogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, vestibules, etc.)
according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry of large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .
At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
- we recommend laying with a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates heterogeneity at the joints);
- as links bearing wall and facing masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic bonds, which literally conduct heat 100 times less than steel bonds (this significantly levels out the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
- window slopes and doorways, according to our design documentation, they are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in the places of window and door openings, porches).
R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.
We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what thermal conductivity coefficient λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.
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The procedure for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified normative document Let's follow the step by step instructions. 1st step. Let's define hon the humidity level of the building region - the city of Bronnitsy using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". |
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According to the city table Bronnitsy located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept the value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table No. 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that during the heating season, the humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for a person. |
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According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and a relative humidity of up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for city Bronnitsy, as explained earlier, is the value normal. |
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Summary. |
Larisa
Answer:
 Hello Larisa. House project you are considering 20-36 belongs to a series of houses - The project of the house was designed using gas silicate blocks . The project of the house you are considering, in which a ceramic block is used as the material of the bearing walls Cayman30, is listed in our catalog under the number . ceramic blocks Cayman30 outnumber gas silicate / aerated concrete blocks according to all the main characteristics: strength, heat saving. At the same time, the final costs will be lower when choosing ceramics.. For more details, see the cost comparison below.
Projects of houses from ceramic blocks are included in the action House project for free
. |
Let's compare the materials under consideration - gas silicate blocks and ceramic blocks in terms of characteristics and construction costs.
Looking ahead, I inform you that the construction of the house you are considering from a ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman30, superior in all respects gas silicate block D500
, will be less expensive, the savings will be 114 052 rubles.
You can see the calculation in numbers at the end of this answer.
1. Strength.
The strength of wall materials is determined by the limiting pressure of the distributed load on the test sample and is characterized by the number of kilograms of force (kgf) applied to one square centimeter of the material surface.
So ceramic block Cayman30 has a strength grade M75, which means that one square centimeter is able to withstand a load equal to 75 kg.
The value of the strength grade of a gas silicate block with a density of 500 kg / m 3, from different manufacturers, ranges from M35 to M50. As a result, according to the instructions of the manufacturers of gas silicate blocks, every third row of masonry should be reinforced, as shown in the photo below.
Ceramic block masonry Kaiman 30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, per meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, which is laid in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive chasing and subsequent covering of the reinforcement in the strobe with glue is not required.
Masonry mortar during the installation of ceramic blocks is applied only along the horizontal masonry seam. The bricklayer applies the solution immediately to one and a half to two meters of masonry and starts each next block along the groove-ridge. The laying is very fast.
When installing gas silicate blocks, the solution must also be applied to the side surface of the blocks. It is obvious that the speed and laboriousness of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.
Also, for professional masons, sawing ceramic blocks is not a problem. For this purpose, a reciprocating saw is used, with the help of the same saw, gas silicate blocks are also sawn. In each row of the wall, only one block is required to be cut.
2. The ability of the structures under consideration to resist heat transfer, i.e. keep the house warm in winter, cool in summer.
Below is a heat engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings".As well as the economic justification for the use of the Kaiman30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from gas silicate blocks.
To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Dmitrov, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.
The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).
Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °С ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city Dmitrov.
GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,
where,
t in- the design temperature of the internal air of the building, ° С, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - according to the minimum values of the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the range 20
- 22 °С);
t from- average outdoor air temperature, °С during the cold period, for the city of Dmitrov meaning -3,1
°C;
z from- duration, days / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period with an average daily outdoor temperature of not more than 8 ° C, for the city Dmitrov meaning 216 days.
The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings is determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)
R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b
where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value a should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4
The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the considered structure:
R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158
Where,
Σ
– symbol of summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which can be taken as a constant for simplicity.
Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.
R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r
Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with heterogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, vestibules, etc.)
according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry of large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .
At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
- we recommend laying with a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates heterogeneity at the joints);
- as connections between the bearing wall and the front masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which conduct heat literally 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly eliminates the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
- slopes of window and door openings, according to our project documentation, are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which levels out heterogeneity in the places of window and door openings, porches).
R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.
We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what thermal conductivity coefficient λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.
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The procedure for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified regulatory document, we will follow the step-by-step instructions. 1st step. Let's define hmoisture content of the building region - Dmitrov using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". |
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According to the city table Dmitrov located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept the value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table No. 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that during the heating season, the humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for a person. |
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According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and a relative humidity of up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for city Dmitrov, as explained earlier, is the value normal. |
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Summary. |
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