Types of I-beams. Steel I-beam: types, characteristics, applications

A beam is, in construction, not only a support for flooring and interfloor ceilings, but also an element that performs the functions of fastening the entire structure of the building, giving it the necessary rigidity. In the list of materials and products used in construction, you can find many possible options for the manufacture of floor beams. But the main and most commonly used types of load-bearing beams include metal, reinforced concrete and wood.

Source drive2.com

Wooden floor beams must meet such requirements as strength, rigidity, fire safety. The calculation of the beam is made depending on the selected material.

The beam is a key fragment of the floor, the purpose of which is to separate the floors in the house, as well as to carry and distribute the load from the components located at the top - walls, roofs, communications, furniture, interior details.

Source dom-expert.by

Advantages of wood beams:

low labor intensity during installation in comparison with metal or reinforced concrete counterparts;

affordability of prices for wood materials;

quick installation without the use of expensive mechanisms and tools;

aesthetic appearance;

light weight;

maintainability.

Disadvantages of wood beams:

without special protective impregnation combustible;

low strength compared to reinforced concrete or metal beams;

exposed to moisture, fungus and living organisms;

can be deformed by temperature changes.

Source ivd.ru

Types of wooden floor beams

Wooden floor beams are classified according to the type of section, material and size.

The length of the floor beams depends on the distance between the walls. To this value, you need to add a margin for resting on the wall - usually add 200-250 mm on each side ..

According to the cross section, wooden beams are divided into the following types:

square;

rectangular;

I-beam;

round or oval.

The square section of the beam is considered the most unfavorable, since it is the least fitted to the force diagram in the element.

For reference! Plots of forces - graphical display of the change in internal forces along the entire length of the bar. They are used in the calculation of permissible loads.

The best option when choosing wooden floors are beams with a rectangular section, while their short side is placed horizontally, and the long side is vertical, since the increase in height affects the strength better than the width.

Source rubankom.com

The I-section of the floor beam is a broadened element in the lower and upper parts, and in the middle is reduced to the maximum possible size. This section option significantly reduces the consumption of wood and allows its rational use.

Buying I-beams will not be so easy, as they are distinguished by complex manufacturing technology. For the same reason, they are rarely found in construction.

Source cekapuw.haberu.ru.net

Wooden beams of round or oval section are used, as a rule, for the installation of attic floors. Depending on the diameter, round beams have a high bending resistance. In addition, it must be borne in mind that the floor beams are wooden, the dimensions are quite limited. Their maximum length is 7.5 p.m.

According to the material, wooden floor beams are classified into the following types:

from a solid bar or board;

from glued timber.

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer house design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

The use of boards and solid timber in a beam structure

An ordinary board or solid timber can be no more than 4–6 m long, which is almost half the distance that glued laminated timber can handle.

Builders often make beams from boards fastened together on site. In terms of quality and strength, they can far exceed the solid beam structure. In addition, it is possible to vary the thickness of the beams by the number of boards pulled together.

Connections are made using bolts with nuts and rubber or plastic washers. They will prevent moisture from entering the metal fasteners and subsequent corrosion and will not allow the nut to cut into the wood when tightening.

Source fabrika35.ru

If you need to increase the length or strength of solid beams, then they are fastened together and this is usually done manually when installing floors. Glued laminated timber initially consists of several bars glued together at the enterprise. The thickness of the glued beam is set by the number of layers of material glued under the press. In this way, wood is given additional strength qualities, a beam made of glued laminated timber can be up to 12 meters long.

After gluing, the beam retains all the qualities of wood, that is, it is perfectly nailed, sawn, cut. But glued wooden floor beams are much more expensive, so before you opt for them, you need to think about whether the end justifies the means. Often this kind of beams is used to create an arched ceiling.

Source en.inwood.com.ua

Wood for the manufacture of floor beams

For the load-bearing beams of the floors of small houses and buildings, in the vast majority of cases, the wood of coniferous trees is used.

But it is not worth categorically rejecting the use of local wood species. Since ancient times, in the steppe regions, where there are no coniferous trees, oak, acacia, and maple have been used. The main requirement for them is humidity with optimal indicators of 12-14%.

In attic floors, where, by definition, it must always be dry and air circulation is ensured, beams from local wood species become stronger over the years, not inferior in performance to metal beams.

Source stroyassortiment.ru

On the quality and strength of wooden floor beams

Designers in the calculations of floor beams lay building materials with specified characteristics and operating standards, based on the laws of applied mechanics and strength of materials. Knowing this, the question arises: how did the builders of individual houses a hundred years ago do without this knowledge? At the same time, the houses they built are still alive today.

The explanation is simple: they left a much greater margin of safety for the materials used. A little later, Soviet GOSTs were deliberately calculated and approved with large, sometimes up to 100% safety margins. It is uneconomical, sometimes cumbersome and pretentious, but reliability was a priority, and will always remain the most important indicator in construction. Today, this practice is being replaced by an accurate calculation of a wooden beam - this allows you not to overpay for excessive, unclaimed strength.

Source orgtorg.org

Comparison with the old methods would look out of place in the description of floor beams, if not for one circumstance.

Buying a bar or beam of a certain size on the market, with pre-calculated characteristics, a private developer without much experience often acquires the wrong material that guarantees reliability.

Source informer.by

Many seemingly insignificant nuances can nullify all calculations:

high humidity;

irresponsible storage;

hidden defects;

sorting;

poor linear geometric parameters;

predetermined wood diseases.

There is only one conclusion and way out: the market will always try to deceive a novice builder, so the best way to save money is to entrust the work to a professional.

Source lineyka.net

Basic starting points for calculating dimensions

Before starting the installation of wooden beams, they should be cut to the required size or spliced.

The ends of the beams are deepened into the walls by at least 15 cm, with or without embedding.

The thickness of the bearing walls of the building is usually at least one brick, or 25 cm, when using wall blocks - 20 cm. This means that the ends of the beams resting on the walls will be protected from external atmospheric influences.

For a glued beam, the launch into the walls can be reduced to 10 cm. In extreme cases, the beams can go to a depth of 7 cm, but the material of the timber used must be of the highest quality.

Video description

For more information on how to calculate wooden floor beams, see the video:

Runs, spans, step, anchoring: 10 basic concepts and installation conditions

Floor beams are a load-bearing element, this is the basis of the strength of the entire structure.

The scheme of beams with a span (beam length) of 6 m or less assumes a load from the weight of the filling between the beams and the floor.

Beams are laid in a direction parallel to the smaller side of the span. The distance between the beams, called the pitch, depends on the material and section.

The step of the beams, depending on their type: plank - from 60 to 80 cm; from a bar - from 60 to 100 cm; from logs and glued beams - from 60 to 120 cm.

Spans of more than 6 m are covered with beams (girders) with a large cross section.

Source ivd.ru

The cross section of wooden beams is determined by calculation; in practice, its height is in the range of 4–5% of the span length.

To fasten walls and floors, the ends of the beams are either anchored into the walls, or steel ties are used.

It is possible to step anchors through one beam, but not less often.

In rooms with high humidity, ceiling beams should be left open.

For the installation of floors along the beams, logs or logs from a bar are laid, floor boards are nailed to them.

To calculate, you need to know the distance between the beams, the span width and the load on the structure. Source piorit.ru

How to calculate

To calculate wooden floor beams, an online calculator is not always required. It is enough to know a few formulas and the following data:

the length of the wooden floor beam (the distance between the bearing walls);

the distance between the beams (their step);

load on the structure.

The calculation of floor beams will allow you to have no doubt about the rigidity and strength of the structure, determine the maximum length allowed for a particular section.

Video description

Why the floor beam burst, look at the video:

In order to find out the load on the structure, it is necessary to add the variable value and the constant. The latter includes the preliminary mass of the beams themselves, insulation, ceiling filing, rough and finishing floors. Temporary includes the mass of furniture and people - approximately 150 kg / m2 - according to the normative documents of residential premises.

For the attic, the value of the live load may be less, but it is better not to risk it, and use the same one in the calculations. So you will provide a certain margin of safety and in the future, if you wish, you will be able to equip the attic in the attic without reconstructing the load-bearing elements.

The calculation of a wooden beam is carried out according to the following formulas:

Mmax = (q*l2)/8;

Wreq = Мmax/130.

q is the load per sq. m of overlap, including a mass of structures and 150 kg of useful value. The indicated values ​​\u200b\u200bmust be multiplied by the distance between the beams, since the calculations require loading per linear meter, and initially the value is calculated per square meter.

l2 - the distance between the bearing walls on which the run rests, taken in a square.

Knowing Wreq, you can choose the cross section of the floor. W = b*h2/6. Knowing W, an equation is drawn up with one unknown. Here it is enough to specify one geometric characteristic b (width of the section) or h (its height).

It is important! Despite the apparent simplicity of the calculations, it is better not to trust them to people without specialized education, since the cost of an error can be very high.

Source centermira.ru

Metal beams: traditional reliability

When the developer has the opportunity and request for a more ambitious and overall construction, he uses metal floor beams of various sections: a corner with different sizes of shelves, a channel, a tee, an I-beam. If we exclude the possibility of metal corrosion, then there is no replacement for such beams in terms of strength. But the use of metal in individual housing construction is also limited by a number of indicators:

it is difficult to work with metal at height;

special mechanisms for installation are required;

welding, cutting metal and protecting it from corrosion are additional costs;

high cost of the material;

metal beams are subject to insulation from the attic.

Metal beams also have positive points:

they do not burn;

more durable;

metal spans can be made longer and the distance between the floor beams can be made larger;

types of metal beams are very diverse and allow you to create almost any design complexity.

In any case, it is better to entrust the calculation of a metal beam to professionals.

Source kamtehnopark.ru

Conclusion

The choice of the type of flooring, the material for the beams, the careful preparation of the project, the calculation of loads, including using an online calculator - these are all pleasant worries that can be safely shifted to the shoulders of professionals. And then it will be pleasant to remember these worries in a year, enjoying the coziness and comfort in a good, solid house.

Not a single building object, whatever its purpose, can do without the use of floor beams. Its function as an engineering structure is to successfully redistribute vertical and horizontal loads during its own bending work.

I-beams are a type of structural steel made from high quality steel. Steel can be either low alloy or carbon steel. This type of long products is in the form of a bar oriented horizontally or obliquely. Or, in simple terms, a steel I-beam structure is a rolled product of a certain shape, made of profiled steel of a special design. The shape is determined by its design features. Most often, it looks like the letter "H". This form enhances the strength of the structural elements and gives additional rigidity. Where are I-beams used?

I-beam: application

A metal I-beam made of steel is better known as an element of the ceilings of the frames of industrial buildings with large spans. They are also used in the construction of bridges and other overhead paths, columns and other in all those places where there are increased loads and they need to be resisted. They perceive the load from the vertical transverse impact, which is simultaneously reflected on the walls, columns and other supports.

A wooden analogue of a steel I-beam is used in frame housing construction. It should be noted that recently it has often been used in the design of buildings as a design element.

Their correct calculation provides a greater efficiency of metal consumption than this indicator for a conventional hot-rolled design. When installing an I-beam, the mass of supporting structures is reduced, which reduces construction costs. I-beams are also used in heavy engineering when creating heavy equipment.

Their low weight and extremely high rigidity make them ideal for use as a foundation for heavily loaded structures.

Interesting

Note that I-beams are much stiffer than square profiles and corners.

Types of I-beams

In the designs of I-beams, the inner edges of the shelves can be inclined or parallel. , which has an I-beam, characteristics, dimensions are mainly determined by the distance between parallel (P) or inclined (U) external faces.

Standard sizes and GOSTs:

• I-beam GOST 26020 83 is characterized by parallel edges of the shelves. This standard includes I-beams with a height of 10–100 cm and a shelf width of 5.5–40 cm. According to the latter parameter, they are classified into: narrow-shelf (U), normal (B), medium-shelf (D), wide-shelf (W) and columned (TO). Columned I-beams differ in almost the same profile height and shelf width.

I-beams, characterized by inclined faces, are classified into:

• ordinary (GOST 8239 89) - restrictions on the slope of the inner faces are about 6–12%;

• special (GOST 19425 74) - M: overhead tracks with an inclination angle of not more than 12% and C: for reinforced mine shafts with an inclination angle of up to 16%.

A product made in accordance with GOST fully complies with the parameters of the drawing, that is, it has a given cross section, shelf dimensions (height, width and thickness) and more.

Marking: how to decipher

Let's start with two numbers at the beginning of the marking. They mark the height in centimeters of a particular group of profiles. The following indices are alphabetic, they indicate the type of profile in accordance with the width of the shelves, for example, U, K, etc. If the profiles in the group differ in the dimensions of the walls and shelves, then the size of the profile in the series is indicated in the marking. For example, marking an I-beam with parallel edges may look like: 25B, 100Sh, 35K, 24DB1.

Mounting

Metal I-beam is made in stages. First of all, the metal is cut into strips of the required dimensions. To improve the penetration, the edges are cut on a special machine. Prepared strips are mounted on an assembly mill. They are placed on the input conveyor, clamped, positioned and fixed. The assembly is completed by welding on a special machine. It is welded with two sets of submerged arc welding heads. An I-beam basically consists of three elements. Waist seams are welded with automatic welding machines, and stiffeners are welded across more often manually, in extreme cases - semi-automatically. Welded structures are assembled in various ways: using clamps and tacks or in a special jig.

metal I-beam: production process

The finished I-beam is cleaned of rust, grease, dirt and other deposits using a shot blasting machine. After that, the quality of its coating of paint and varnish is noticeably improved.

When constructing a structure, the seams of the belts are sometimes welded using manual technology. Then the assembly sequence completely changes. First, a vertical wall is mounted on the belt in the lower part of the structure, followed by stiffeners. They are captured and the belt is mounted in the upper part. The assembled structure is clamped with clamps and proceed to welding.

on the photo is a metal beam I-beam

The most critical stage of installation is the joining of I-beams. The seams of the belts in both directions from the joint are not welded to a length one and a half times greater than the belt width. The joint of the I-beams is welded in the following order: the joints of the vertical wall, two belts are welded, first the one that works in tension, then the second one that works in compression. The joint is completed by welding the seams on the belts in those areas that remained unwelded.

For welding field joints, it is necessary to use electrodes of the highest quality.

A welded construction has a lot of advantages over a rolled one, and, first of all, these are its higher strength characteristics with a mass that is about a third less than the rolled one.

I-beam metal: assembly on video

Materials for the article.

An I-beam (an I-beam) is a type of high-quality metal-roll, characterized by a high bearing capacity. It has a recognizable H-shaped section, which predetermines the technical characteristics of the product. One of the most demanded materials in various industrial fields.

You can always find on our website the current prices for a new I-beam and.

Purpose and scope

I-beams are used as load-bearing elements in the construction of metal structures and in large-panel construction. The use of rolled products of this type makes it possible to simplify design solutions without losing the bearing capacity of structures. Most often, I-beams are used to solve the following technical problems:

It is allowed to use beams of this type in the construction of any structures that are subject to increased requirements for bearing capacity. It is recommended to place an I-beam in the body of a concrete structure; for open installation, mandatory anti-corrosion treatment is required.

Product Benefits

The specific shape of the section provided an excellent load-bearing capacity of this structural element. Compared to standard rectangular profiles, the I-beam has 7 times increased strength and more than 30 times rigidity. In terms of its design features, an I-beam is close to a channel, but the latter is mainly used in the construction of lighter structures; it will not be able to work effectively under a significant load.

The massive use of I-beams is determined by the following advantages.

• High resistance to bending and torsion deformations.
• Increased bearing capacity.
• Reduced weight compared to other types of rolled metal with similar technical characteristics.

Production features

In practice, two main methods for the manufacture of I-beams are used.

1. Hot-rolling technology that allows for the production of products on an industrial scale.
2. Production of I-beams using welding technological lines. Welded beams have a more precise geometry, but are inferior to hot-rolled beams in some technical parameters.

The production of this type of load-bearing structural elements is carried out using high-carbon low-alloy steels, which determines the mandatory anti-corrosion treatment for open installation.

In accordance with GOST 27772-88, which regulates the production of hot-rolled shaped steel, steel of the following grades should be used for the manufacture of I-beams: C 235, 245, 255, 275, 285, 345, 345K, 375.

Existing classes and corresponding GOSTs

All varieties of I-beams produced by the rolling method can be divided into three main classes, the requirements for which are determined by the current standards.

Welded products are produced on the basis of the manufacturer's specifications TU U 01412851.001-95. Individual manufacturers use their own specifications for the production of one or another type of I-beam.

According to the features of the section, the following categories of products are distinguished:

• Beams with normal flange width (B).
• I-beams with increased width of shelves (W).
• Column I-beams (K).
• Monorail I-beams (M).
• Beams of a special series for particularly difficult conditions (C).

Manufacturers ship batches with a multiple, multiple measured, unmeasured length of I-beams. Standard dimensions involve the manufacture of products with a length of 4 to 13 meters, the production of beams that go beyond the specified parameters can be arranged by agreement directly with the manufacturer.

Features of the calculation of needs

When determining the amount of material needed for various structures, choosing the method of transportation, it is necessary to know the ratio of the dimensions and weight of the I-beams. The need to transfer one value to another also arises in the development of project documentation.

You can solve this problem with the help of online calculators, and if they are not available, it is recommended to use special tables given in regulatory documents.

So for hot-rolled steel I-beams, the ratio is shown in the following table.

And to determine the total surface area of ​​I-beams of the same GOST, we recommend using the following table.

Such reference data will greatly simplify the calculation and development of project documentation.

New Articles

The construction of any, even the smallest building, is impossible without the use of a number of elements that, during the construction of buildings, have long been referred to as the so-called basic components. One of the so-called basic elements can be called an ordinary metal beam. It is a metal product with an H-shaped section, which is actively used in various construction areas for the creation of bridge structures, overhead tracks, supports, ceilings, as well as various types of metal structures.

If we talk about the function of this element, then its main task is to perform the function of a support for the entire structure. In life, we can meet it as a ceiling and roof. And if, for example, you use the so-called 2-tee beam, then you can quickly make a simple but extremely effective rack crane that will allow you to move bulky goods. For the same purpose, a rack profile is used, like guides or rails. In addition, its configuration makes it possible to use it for laying railway connections.

What are they like

To date, there are several categories of beams that are manufactured by large enterprises:

• I-beam, made according to GOST;
• welded;
• of steel;
• tee;
• from metal;
• welded double tee.

They can also differ in a number of characteristics: in the thickness of the shelves and walls, in the location of the edges, in the production methodology, and the like. If we talk about the main characteristics, then the beams are:

• hot-rolled steel;
• I-beam steel;
• I-beams made of low-alloy and carbon steel.

• with parallel edges. This includes normal, wide-shelf and column beams;
• with sloped edges. They are ordinary and special;
• special steel;
• hot-rolled steel;
• high density carbon low alloy steel.

It should be said that all beams of the 2-tee category are divided into 2 categories according to the production method. The first is hot-rolled beams, created when heated billets are passed through the rolls of a rolling mill. The second type of products is produced using welded technology, when a metal sheet is cut into pieces, after which the so-called tack is made, and then welding is already performed.

In addition, steel beams with parallel type faces are divided into three groups:

• normal;
• with wide shelves;
• category column.

Beams where there is a slope of the faces are divided into:

• conventional with a slope of 5-11%;
• special.

The latter, in turn, can be classified as:

• M. These are steel products designed to create overhead type tracks. The slope of the inner faces here will be at least 5 percent;
• C. Metal products that are used to strengthen shafts in mines. In this case, the slope will be at least 11 percent.

If you are interested in quality steel beam in Rostov , then it can be purchased cheaply at the "Steel Industrial Company" in a short time.

Where else can you use these devices?

Continuing the theme of the purpose of steel beams, let's say that they are used not only as integral elements in the construction of industrial, public and other types of structures. Also, they often act as structural parts of the roof, can act as parts of floors between floors, and also be the basis for crane-type racks. I-beam options are often used to create columns and ceilings. They are also used in steel floor trusses. The widespread use of just this type of beams is explained by the fact that they are quite simple to make, and in operation they are classified as very reliable.

Also popular are products that are made from low-alloy steel. The chemical composition during their creation must necessarily comply with GOST standards. Separately, it should be said that the number of a metal beam means its conditional size in centimeters. The smallest number is ten and the largest is one hundred. Creation of beams with other characteristics is possible only by special order. The size of the considered steel product is the value between the outer edges of its shelves.

Usually a beam in a horizontal position, takes the transverse vertical load coming from the weight. But quite often one should take into account the influence of a number of hypothetical horizontal forces of the transverse type. An example is the wind load when taking into account a possible earthquake.

Such a product under load also affects the supports, which can be columns, walls, suspensions, or the same beams. After that, the load passes on and in some cases, it is perceived by various structural elements working in compression - supports. We can also say separately about the case of a truss structure, where the rods rest on a beam that is in a horizontal position.

Also, it should be said that the strength characteristics of the product depend on the following physical parameters:

• the material from which it is made;
• length;
• areas, as well as cross-sectional shapes;
• the way it is attached to other elements.

Where can I buy quality steel beams

If we talk about where you can buy high-quality steel beams in Rostov, then this can be done at the Steel Industrial Company. Only high-quality beams are sold here, made of durable metals with high characteristics, which have been tested for strength and for defects. Here you can also make a number of beams to order, if you need some non-standard solutions in this matter. In addition, the price of beams in the "Steel Industrial Company" is quite affordable, which is explained by the absence of intermediaries when selling beams to a client.

- the type of rolled steel, most often used in the creation of load-bearing structures. The shape of the section, resembling the letter "H", provides the I-beam with significant rigidity. For the manufacture of these steel products, “black” carbon steels or low-alloyed types 09G2S are used. There are two ways to produce H-profile products: hot rolling and welding.

Classification of hot rolled I-beam

According to the cross-sectional shape, a hot-rolled I-beam is divided into two groups: with a slope of the inner edges of the shelves (manufactured according to GOST 8239-89 and 19425-74 for special types) and with parallel edges of the shelves (GOST 26020-83).

I-beam with a slope of the inner edges of the shelves

Products manufactured in accordance with GOST 8239-89 have an allowable edge slope of not more than 12%. Rolling accuracy: increased ("B") and normal ("C").

Beams for special purposes (GOST 19425-74) are used for:

• "M" - structures of overhead tracks (the slope of the inner edges of the shelves is not more than 12%);
• "C" - reinforcement of mine shafts (slope can reach 16%).

I-beams with parallel flange faces

The range of these products includes rolled products with dimensional parameters:

• height - 100-1000 mm;
• shelf width - 55-400 mm.

Types of I-Beams with Parallel Flange Faces

• "B" is normal. This type of rolled products is in demand in the construction of structures with lattice columns.
• "Sh" (20Sh-100Sh) - wide-shelf. The width of the shelves is equal to the height. These products absorb compressive forces in structures with small columns.
• "K" (20K-40K) - columned;
• "D" - I-beams of the additional series.

The same types of hot-rolled products with parallel flange edges are manufactured, in addition to the standard 26020-83, according to the specifications of STO ASChM 20-93. Their dimensional parameters in some cases do not match, differences are especially common in large-sized products.

General characteristics of hot rolled H-beams

These products are characterized by flexural and compressive strength. The use of an I-beam in construction makes it possible to avoid shifts, shrinkage, and cracking during the operation of buildings.

Hot rolling is the main production method for I-beams. The process is highly productive and achieves good dimensional accuracy. The disadvantage is the presence of scale on the surface. Such products are manufactured on expensive and difficult-to-adjust rail and beam mills. Slabs or squares (for small assortment) are used as blanks (depending on the size of the final product).

The strength characteristics of products are affected by:

• steel grade - for the manufacture of products for critical purposes and / or intended for operation in harsh climatic conditions, low-alloy steels of the 09G2S type are used;
• total length of the structure;
• type of cross section (with parallel edges of flanges or with a slope of internal edges);
• method of fixing the beam and type of load.

The main disadvantages of rolled products with an H-shaped section:

• the tendency of the used steel grades to corrosion, which makes necessary protective measures - galvanizing or painting;
• bearing capacity decreases significantly with increasing span length.

Differences and common characteristics of hot-rolled I-beam and channel

The main difference between these two types of shaped steel is the shape of the profile, which affects strength and areas of application:

• With an H-shaped configuration, the sections of the shelves protrude on both sides of the wall to the same distance. Due to this, the wall works practically only in compression, the efforts tending to twist the I-beam are small or absent. The rigidity of the wall is provided on both sides.

Attention! In the construction of large-sized buildings to create large-span floors that experience high loads, preference is given to I-beams.

• The shelves protrude from one side of the wall, so they play the role of one-way levers. Significant twisting forces can occur in the product. If it is necessary to increase the rigidity, the walls of the two channels are welded to obtain a product similar to an I-beam. In terms of strength characteristics, it is not much inferior to a hot-rolled I-beam with similar dimensional parameters. In addition to welding, rivets or bolts are used to connect the walls. When installing a channel as a carrier beam, it can be welded into a box with structural reinforcement with steel plates. However, the creation of such products is a very laborious process. The advantages of the channel: ease of installation at the junction with other elements, lower cost compared to the I-beam. Basically, these products are used in private low-rise construction, in the construction of garages and outbuildings.

When comparing an I-beam and a channel, one can distinguish their common feature: these products are not designed for significant efforts applied perpendicular to the plane of the wall.

Welded I-beam: production features and main characteristics

In certain cases, a more profitable option, compared to a hot-rolled counterpart, is a welded beam. These products are widely used in the construction industry: in the construction of residential buildings, industrial and public facilities, infrastructure facilities.

Stages of manufacturing a welded I-beam

• Cut steel sheets into strips of the required dimensions.
• Cutting edges on a special machine. This operation is needed to improve penetration.
• With the help of special equipment, the workpieces are placed on the conveyor of the assembly mill, positioned and fixed.
• Submerged arc welding is carried out on a special machine, on which sets of welding heads are placed, moving along the portal.

Attention! A feature of the process taking place on modern automatic lines is that its quality is constantly monitored by a laser system. If defects are found, they are eliminated, the inspection is repeated.

• Editing, drilling and trimming on machines with numerical control.
• Shot blast cleaning from rust, dirt, oil.
• Can be lacquered.

Advantages of a welded I-beam

• Depending on the application, the product can be manufactured with variable profile thickness, in two types of steel for shelves and walls - less expensive and more expensive - with perforations that reduce weight. Such options make it possible to reduce the cost of products while maintaining strength in the loaded areas.
• An I-beam in frame structures reduces the weight of the structure, which allows the use of a less massive foundation.
• The use of these products makes it possible to create complex architectural forms.

Varieties of a welded I-beam produced by modern manufacturers

• The assortment is similar to the assortment of rolled I-beams "B", "Sh", "K" with parallel edges of the shelves, manufactured in accordance with GOST 26020-83 and STO ASChM 20-93. Welds for ordinary lightly loaded I-beams are made according to the 2nd category, according to GOST 23118-99 or SP-53-101-98. TZ seams (double-sided corner without beveled edges) must comply with GOST 8713-79.
• Special products made according to customer drawings.
• Lightweight perforated beams with "windows" in the walls, allowing to lighten the structure while maintaining strength.
• Products of variable section.
• Beams with shelves of various widths.
• For work in difficult conditions, with planned cyclic and variable loads, products are made reinforced with stiffeners.

I-beam marking, according to GOSTs

H-profile products are marked as follows:

• two initial digits indicate the height of the profile in centimeters;
• the letter index indicates the type of profile in accordance with the width of the shelf - "B", "W", "K".

Welded I-beam marking usually contains:

• manufacturer code;
• cross-sectional dimensions in mm: height x wall thickness, width x shelf thickness;
• the leg in mm and the design of the waist seams are indicated by the letters - "O" (one-sided seam), "D" (two-sided), "P" (with full penetration of the wall);
• the type of rolled I-beam is indicated in brackets, which is replaced by a welded analogue, this parameter is optional in the marking;
• code of the normative document to which the welded profile corresponds.

Designation example - DZT 174x8 200x12 6O (20K2) DSTU BV.2.6.-75:2008, where:

• enterprise code - DZT;
• wall section - 174x8 mm;
• shelf section - 200x12 mm;
• one-sided waist seam with leg 6 mm;
• the product is similar in size to a rolling I-beam 20K2;
• regulatory document - DSTU BV.2.6.-75:2008.

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