Do-it-yourself home decoration: applying decorative plaster. Application of decorative plaster Sequence of application of decorative plaster

The desire of many owners of private houses to give their home a completely unique look is quite understandable. Relief plasters come to their aid, which are made from solutions on various bases and applied to the surface of the walls either with special tools, or with improvised, sometimes completely unexpected objects, depending on what effect is planned to be obtained.

Do-it-yourself decorative wall plastering is a great way to stand out from the crowd. Before deciding on the choice of the desired pattern and the technique of its reproduction, it is necessary to consider various options finishes. After the desired relief is determined, it is advisable to carry out practical lesson, and plastered it in accordance with the plan.

Some techniques for working with decorative plaster can be called art, since three-dimensional paintings with various subjects are molded from it, which can become an exclusive decoration of the wall of an apartment or a country mansion. Experienced craftsmen, using them, create real works from ordinary plaster mass that set the style for the entire design of a room or facade.

For a long time, decorative plaster was used to decorate walls, and with a change in interior styles, its plot patterns and relief changed, becoming more complex or, conversely, for the sake of fashion, simplifying. It has not lost its relevance to this day - in our time, with the help of a similar technology, both the facade parts of buildings and the interior walls of the room are finished.

Most often, a plaster coating is used, which, in addition to being decorative, also performs a protective function, preventing moisture and dust from penetrating to the main wall.

For interior walls, a uniform pattern finish or an embossed plot panel can be used. Choosing a relief in the form of a picture to decorate your home, you can be sure that it will be guaranteed to be original, since it is almost impossible to depict the same drawing twice in this technique in exactly the same way.

Reliefs applied to the wall are usually covered with one or more shades of color, which give them a deeper volume. If desired, when the original color of the decorative plaster gets tired, it can be easily changed to another. Moreover, this process can be carried out both on a homogeneous coating and on a panel. The paint is applied to relief panels with a brush and sponge, and on a homogeneous surface - using a spray gun or roller.

Decorative plaster can have a deep relief, which is called a bas-relief - it protrudes 8 ÷ 15 mm above the wall surface, or it can be almost smooth and stand out only in color. Today, in construction stores, you can find compositions that, when applied with a conventional spatula, can form a relief surface, and for some of them special nozzles are used that are installed on rollers. They are able to imitate tree bark, tall grass, layered rocks and many other volumetric drawings.

The plaster mixtures used to create the relief are quite plastic. They are easy to apply on a pre-prepared wall surface and transform into various patterns.

Fundamentals of technology for applying textured plaster

The work on finishing the walls with decorative plaster is carried out in stages, in accordance with the requirements of the developed technology. It includes several stages.

The first step is to determine the pattern that will have to decorate the walls, as well as the tools needed to reproduce it. The relief sample during work should be in front of the eyes so that its contours can be repeated. This is especially important if the plot version of the panel is chosen.
Next, you need to prepare the tools that will knead the plaster composition, apply it to the wall and create a relief pattern.
When everything is ready, you can proceed to the preparation of the walls. This process is carried out in almost the same way for both facade and indoor walls - it includes cleaning surfaces from old coatings, rough leveling, and then priming them. It is better to choose the composition of the primer with antiseptic additives, then the walls will be protected from damage by mold, fungus, moss, etc., as well as from the creation of nests by insects.
Then, a starting leveling layer of plaster is applied to the prepared, well-dried surface - it will become the basis for the textured finish layer.
After the starting layer is well dried, the wall surface is recommended, once again, to create a higher adhesion between the layers of the plaster composition.

The next step, again, after the soil has completely dried, a finishing textured plaster is applied, from which the relief is formed. In some of the techniques used, the upper part of the applied plaster is compared to one plane, and textured recesses remain inside, creating a uniform but chaotic relief.

When reproducing some drawings, the application of several layers of decorative plaster is required, in which case each of them requires good drying.
Further, if the color has not been added to the plaster mixture, the paint is applied on top of the textured layer. If the surface is given a uniform pattern with recesses, then it is best to carry out this process with a spray gun. If it is planned to produce an uneven color, then you can use a sponge or a brush for tinting. The paint should be applied in such a way that it emphasizes the beauty of the relief of the decorative coating. When tinting a panel, the paint is applied in several stages to create a visual perception of its depth.

When performing work, you must strictly follow the step-by-step instructions. Making any changes to the relief manufacturing technology can adversely affect the design result. Therefore, do not rush - it is necessary to thoroughly dry each of the layers, observing their order. It is better to immediately prepare for the fact that it will take more than one day to create a high-quality relief wall covering.

Now that the general principles of decorating a wall by applying decorative relief plaster to it are known, it makes sense to consider the tools that can be used for these technological operations.

decorative plaster

Tools for working with relief plaster

Finishing the wall with decorative plaster and forming a relief pattern with it, use the following tools:

To mix the plaster mortar, you will need a drill and a mixer nozzle. With their help, you can easily and quickly enough, without much effort, make the mixture plastic and homogeneous.

Spatulas of various sizes - these tools can be called the main ones in working with any plaster, since they are indispensable when applying any of the layers of the finish.
or a trowel are also quite often used to cover surfaces with plaster solutions.
A special mitten, which is used both to create a relief and to color it.

Brush with hard or soft bristles, plastic wrap, rubber gloves, sponge or plastic dishwashing net.
The use of a roller and rubber nozzles for it can be called the most popular way to make a wall embossed. The variety of these devices allows you to choose one of the many textured patterns offered by the manufacturer.

In addition, using this technique, the work is faster, and the print on the wall is neat and aesthetic, however, such reliefs cannot be called exclusive. Roller nozzles can have patterns of floral pattern, waves, various curls, geometric shapes other.

Reliefs imitating the texture of leather or tree bark, as well as other natural materials, look especially impressive.

Nozzles can create a textured pattern, located vertically or horizontally, chaotically or perfectly correctly - this factor will depend on the preference of the owner of the finished housing.

Textured plaster expands the possibilities of transforming walls, and the presence of a variety of tools opens up scope for creating numerous drawings. It should be noted that craftsmen who are professionally engaged in this art, when making reliefs, often use completely unexpected tools and household items, for example, wood cutters, spatulas for manicure, or even ordinary teaspoons.

Materials for decorative plaster

In addition to well-chosen tools, it is necessary to choose the optimal plaster composition. The range is quite wide, as many well-known manufacturing companies offer special ones that allow you to easily transform the facades and premises of houses.

Starting plaster

In addition to the decorative mixture, it is necessary to purchase starting plaster, with which it will be possible to level the surface of the wall, preparing it for relief design. For this purpose, it is better to purchase compositions made on the same basis as the finish, then we can say with confidence that good adhesion will be created between the base and the outer plaster layer. So, for the starting, leveling layer, fit:

Plaster starting on a plaster basis. A distinctive feature of this mixture is a short time before setting, so you need to work with it very quickly. If there is no experience in leveling walls, then it is better to choose a mixture that will allow for longer work.

For example, a cement-based mortar is perfect for both experienced craftsmen and beginners. It can be bought at ready-made, or make it yourself from cement and well-sifted sand, taken in a ratio of 1: 3. For the plasticity of a home-made mixture, PVA glue or liquid soap is often added to it. Thanks to these components, the solution will become softer and at the same time “sticky” to the walls, and it will be easy to work with.
Sometimes clay is used for the starting layer, which can also be purchased at a hardware store in an already prepared form. Most often, clay mortar is used for plastering wooden surface, but recently masters still prefer to work more modern materials. Although clay has numerous positive qualities, such as elasticity, good adhesion to the surface, environmental friendliness, and in addition, it is a "breathable" material.

Decorative plaster compositions

For decorative finishes special plaster compositions are used, which are also made on different bases. They are intended for a variety of relief patterns, so some of them are equipped with various additives. On the package, the manufacturer indicates the name of the relief for which this mixture is intended, since solid crumbs from different materials can be used as additives, having a large and small fraction and giving various effects finishes.

The proposed table presents some types of decorative plaster, which are most often used for finishing the facade of the house and walls inside the premises.

Appearance of the package	Embossed pattern on the wall	The basis of decorative plaster	Additive fraction size, mm
		Mineral Ceresit CT 35	"Bark beetle" 2.5÷3.5
		Mineral Ceresit CT 137	"Pebble" 1.0÷2.5
		Polymer Ceresit CT 77	Mosaic 0.8÷2.0
		Acrylic "Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64"	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2.0÷3.0
		Silicate-silicone Ceresit CT 175	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.0; "bark beetle" 2,0
		silicate Ceresit CT 73	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2,0
		Texture acrylic "Capital"	"Quartz coat"
		Based on white cement Master	"Lamb" 2,0
		Acrylic "Optimist Elite"	"Venetian plaster" white thick homogenous paste

As can be seen from the presented table, plaster mixtures are produced in a dry and pasty state. Ready-made pastes diluted to the desired consistency will usually cost a little more than dry mixes, but they are much easier to use, since you do not have to calculate the proportions when kneading.

Ready-to-use plasters can be used immediately after the primer dries on the prepared wall. Upon completion of the work, the rest of the mixture is closed in the packing bucket, and during the next stage, the paste can be reused, since it can be stored for quite a long time in the closed state.

If you want to create your own plaster, you can take as a basis the recipes given in the table below:

Components of the solution	Appearance and color of plaster
	Under white marble	Like yellow marble	Under red granite	Under gray granite
	Quantity in parts by volume
Portland cement M400	1	1	1	1
lime dough	0.5	0.25	0.1	0.1
marble flour	0.5	0.25	-	-
Marble chips	3	3	3	3
Mica (from cement volume)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pigment in % by weight of cement	-	Ocher 3÷5	Iron Minium 5÷10	Manganese peroxide 1÷5

Priming compositions

Wall primers used at the preparatory stage are sold in pasty and liquid consistency.

plaster

To treat the wall for applying the starting layer, it is recommended to use deep penetration liquid compositions, including antiseptic additives.

After the starting plaster has dried, it should also be primed, thereby creating good foundation for the final decorative layer. For this process, it is best to use a primer that has a thicker, closer to pasty consistency.

Each of the layers applied to the wall must be completely dried, and only after that the next one can be applied. Otherwise, the plaster may begin to crack or peel off the surface.

Coloring compositions for decorative plaster

They can be tinted, or they are painted before starting work. Sometimes the color is applied by the manufacturer to the plaster, in other cases color additives are purchased separately and also added to the paste or dry mix before kneading or applying it.

Another option for giving the finished decorative plaster the desired color is to paint it with a spray gun, roller or brush. In this case, a composition of white or gray color, and then, after it dries, it is given a uniform or volumetric staining.

For painting textured plaster applied to the wall, paints made on water based- these are emulsion and water-dispersion. Such paints are produced in various colors, but if you wish, you can give them a shade yourself, by purchasing a separate white “base” and the color you like. Their mixing is done immediately before applying to the wall, in which case you can achieve a darker or, conversely, lighter shade, which will help give the pattern on the wall volume and depth.

Lacquer for decorative plaster

For textured plasters that have a shallow relief or a relatively smooth surface structure, a varnish or wax protective decorative coating is usually used.

Varnishes can be matte or glossy, and can significantly enrich the color of the wall finish. Thanks to even one layer varnish coating, the plaster will retain its original appearance much longer.

In some cases, in order to achieve the desired effect, it is better to apply varnish on the wall surface in several layers. For example, if an imitation of polished stone or crocodile skin is reproduced on the wall.

Wax is most often used as a protective agent for Venetian plaster, which can acquire a matte or even mirror shine after application. The wax is odorless and environmentally friendly. pure material. It is able to protect the wall covering from dust and yellowing, and besides this, it creates a water-repellent layer, and at the same time it has good vapor permeability, that is, the walls do not lose the ability to “breathe”. Due to these qualities, the wax coating can be used in living rooms and in rooms with high humidity.

Wax is produced in a colorless version and retains the color of decorative plaster in its original state. In addition, it can be tinted with metallic pigments or pearlescent additives. For example, the CERA wax shown in the illustration is available in three color options - colorless, silver and gold, which allows you to enrich the decorative finish with a pleasant soft sheen.

masking tape

In some finishing works You can't do without masking tape. It is used to protect adjacent surfaces when working on one of them, as well as in cases where it is necessary to separate different textured or color patterns from each other. The tape is easy to stick to any surface and can be removed without leaving marks. It has a low price, so in any case, stocking up with all the materials necessary for finishing, it should be purchased as an aid.

When buying any finishing materials, it is very important to pay attention to the manufacturer's clarifications, which are placed on the packaging - about what kind of work they are intended for, internal or external. Many compositions for external use are also well suited for decorating the walls of rooms, but materials for internal use when applied to the facade, alas, will not last long.

Versailles plaster

Wall surface preparation

Now, having figured out how to choose a material, and what tools will be needed for work, we can proceed to consider the process of preparing walls for applying plaster solutions.

Preliminary preparation of wall surfaces

To get a quality result, it is very important to clean the wall well from old coatings, and such actions are performed both on external walls and on internal ones. It is imperative to remove old wallpaper, paint or whitewash from them, otherwise the starting layer of plaster will have insufficient adhesion to the surface.

The main measures for the preparation of wall surfaces are shown in the table below:

Illustration
	Removal of the old layer of plaster from the walls. This process is especially important to carry out very carefully if the old decorative coating has begun to peel off from the main surface. If you need to remove a thin plaster layer, then for this purpose you can use a grinder or a construction grater with coarse-grained sandpaper installed on it.
	In the event that the walls are covered with wallpaper, the old canvases must also be removed. Usually pasted old wallpapers are moistened with a spray gun, and this process is carried out several times, since the canvases should get wet up to the wall itself. After that, the finishing material is removed with a spatula.
	Another option for cleaning walls from wallpaper is steaming. For this purpose, a special tool or a steam iron is used, and in addition, an air humidifier can be used, which is directed towards the wall that needs to be cleaned of wallpaper.
	If the wall is painted, then the paint layer must also be peeled off, otherwise the plaster layer simply will not lie on the wall. Paint removal is done with a scraper, softening the old paint with a hot stream from a building hair dryer. You can also apply the abrasive method, using grinder with an iron brush or an electric drill with an abrasive nozzle.
	After the old decorative coating is removed from the wall surfaces, a leveling plaster layer or simply the capital concrete base itself will open. On concrete, depressions and irregularities are often found, which will have to be leveled by applying a putty layer.
	If a good quality plaster is found that does not separate from the main wall, then it can not be cleaned off. In this case, notches with a depth of 5 ÷ 7 mm are made on the surface of the wall with an ax or a chisel. They will be necessary to ensure better adhesion of the leveling starting layer to the wall. However, they often do without them, using modern primers of the "betonokontakt" type, which provide excellent adhesion of the applied plaster compositions.
	However, quite often the situation is such that the old plaster has to be removed completely, as it crumbles and does not adhere securely to the surface. This flaw can be detected when notches are applied, since when tapping in some areas of the wall, the plaster layer can “bump”, or even just fall off. If a layer separation occurs on a large section of the wall, then it is best to remove the old coating completely - the process, as they say, has already begun, and no one can guarantee that the remaining areas will be stable.
	After the old plaster layer is removed, serious damage can be found on the wall in the form of deep cracks. They must be repaired, otherwise they will eventually appear on new plaster layers, and the work will be spoiled.
	The detected cracks are embroidered, that is, they are made wider and deeper. Then they are cleaned and treated with a deep penetration primer. Their filling is carried out with a plastic repair compound. Special repair solutions are on sale, and for internal works you can use the usual starting putty. The repair mortar must fill the entire volume of the cut crack, to the full depth or width. If a wide crack is found, it can be filled mounting foam with little extension. Its excess, which came out after the material hardened, is cut flush with the wall. In some cases, to strengthen the crack and avoid its manifestation through new finishing layers, a reinforcing serpentine mesh is glued on top of it on the putty mortar.
	After the repair “patches” on the cracks dry out, they must be cleaned with a construction grater with an abrasive mesh installed on it first, and then with sandpaper.
	The next step is to coat the wall with a deep penetration antiseptic primer. If the first layer of primer is absorbed into the wall surface without a trace, then one or even two more layers of primer are applied. The primer will penetrate into the pores of the plaster or wall material, strengthen its surface and create good conditions to bond materials. The solution can be applied with a roller or with a wide brush. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

On a primed and dried wall, plastering can be done.

Applying a base leveling layer of plaster

The next important stage is plastering, which finally prepares the surface for further application of decorative plaster. Alignment is carried out on a primed and well-dried wall.

Methods of plaster leveling of surfaces may vary somewhat - depending on the material of the wall and the quality of the surface. But general technology nevertheless general, and more about it - in the table below:

illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	If, when performing a wall test with building level it turned out that it requires major alignment, then the first step is to put beacons made of special metal profiles on the surface. They are fixed on the wall with a step of 1000 ÷ 1200 mm, controlled vertically and horizontally using a building level and a long rule. These profiles are fixed using cement mortar with the addition of gypsum or only a gypsum mixture, since this material sets quickly and will not delay the implementation of subsequent work. Between the slides of the solution, on which the beacon profiles are attached, they maintain a distance of the order of 400 ÷ 500 mm.
	Having set the beacons, you can proceed to mixing the plaster. It must be homogeneous, without hard inclusions, otherwise it will be problematic to align it to the ideal, since voids can form near large hard fractions, which will weaken the coating. Before applying the solution, the wall can be slightly moistened by spraying it with a spray bottle or a brush. The next step is to throw a thick layer of plastic mortar onto the surface, which should be 30 ÷ 50 mm higher than the beacons. Excess mortar will be removed by the rule when leveling the plaster.
	Further, the wet solution applied to the wall is leveled with a rule that moves along the beacon guides. Work begins from the bottom of the wall - as a rule, slowly, it rises up, while it is slightly moved from side to side for a better distribution of the solution in the space between the beacons. At the same time, the excess plaster mixture is usually collected, which can later be used for application to adjacent sections of the wall.
	After plastering the surface, it should be left for 2-3 days to set. At the same time, it is recommended to spray the wall periodically with water to obtain greater strength of the applied layer. Further, the still wet plaster is overwritten, throwing cement milk over it. These works are carried out with the help of a plaster trowel or grout, which is lightly pressed against the wall and the surface is rubbed in a counterclockwise circular motion, making it even. The worn surface is left to dry completely, which depends on the thickness of the layer and can take from 5 to 15 days.
	The dried plastered wall should be well primed using a paste-like thick primer, which is applied with a roller. Hard-to-reach areas of the wall are processed with a narrow brush. A water-based primer dries quickly enough, so very often after 2-3 hours it becomes possible to proceed to the next stage of work.
	If we are talking about interior work, then in order for the result of wall finishing to be of high quality, it is recommended to apply a thin, 1.5 ÷ 2.0 mm, layer of gypsum-based plaster to the leveling plaster layer. It will make the surface smooth, correcting all the shortcomings of the base layer. The plaster is applied with a metal trowel or with a wide spatula, making semicircular movements. At the same time, it must be remembered that gypsum mixture quickly seizes and hardens, so knead a large number of the solution is impossible, since it will no longer be possible to “revive” it by adding water. It should be noted that as this starting layer for decorative plaster, you can also use a ready-made cement-based mixture, or one of the common putty compositions. After drying this layer, it must be primed.

Decorative plaster - application and painting

When all the leveling layers are dry and the wall is fully prepared, you can proceed to the final stage of work - applying a decorative plaster layer.

Several popular embossing methods

This is perhaps the most interesting creative process, after which the wall will take on a completely updated look. For this stage, a decorative paste-like plaster mass or a dry mixture is used, which is kneaded independently, in the same way as the base solution, that is, using a mixer mounted on an electric drill.

In any case, the mass should be plastic and homogeneous, unless, of course, such a coating as "bark beetle" or "lamb" is chosen, which contains additives from stone chips. But even with such a solution, the solid fractions should be distributed in the plastic mass quite evenly.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	Venetian plaster can have a different relief pattern, but it is always shallow and chaotic. However, sometimes it is the background for clear geometric or floral patterns. Decorative plaster is applied with a metal or rubber spatula in thin layers, the number of which can be from 5 to 8. Despite such a considerable number of layers, the total thickness of the plaster made using this technique is only 3 ÷ 4 mm.
	To reproduce Venetian plaster, an already tinted composition is most often used, otherwise it will be necessary to stain after completion of its application and drying, and in this case, part of the intended effect will be lost. The desired effect of the "silk" surface is achieved by the presence of several layers of the same color, each of which is applied and rubbed in different directions. Thanks to this technique, strokes that differ in direction give a different reflection of the light hitting the wall. Thus, the surface shines with a silky sheen. In some cases, in order to create the effect of a deeper spatial volume, translucent from the inside, several color shades close to each other are taken.
	Each of the layers of the plaster composition applied with strokes is smoothed out, but this process is carried out with tangential movements with the application of certain efforts. For each of the layers, professional craftsmen use spatulas and trowels of different thickness and width, creating a multilayer chaotic relief pattern from the solution. With the help of this plastering technique, it is possible to imitate the pattern structure of various finishing stones on the wall. To enhance the imitation effect, after completion of the plaster application, after waiting for it to dry, the surface is polished with wax or covered with matte varnish.
	A more affordable option for a non-professional embossed plaster. The composition is applied with a conventional spatula in one or more layers, each of which must be dried. The relief of each layer can be smoothed out, or its protruding fragments can be left in their original form. Smoothing the solution is carried out with a metal trowel, with gentle touches. Using this technique, you can create various reliefs, and their shape and direction will depend on the creative mood of the master.
	If you intend to create a relief that has the correct smooth shapes and lines, you can use a notched trowel (trowel), which is usually used to apply glue when finishing surfaces, to reproduce it. ceramic tiles, or a special comb.
	This type of embossed pattern will be easy to reproduce for the master who first picked up a plastering tool. The first step with the usual wide spatula a layer of plaster is applied to the wall, and it is not necessary that it be perfectly even. Then it displays a relief in the form of semicircles, checkerboard lines or other patterns that you can come up with on your own.
	Another version of the relief, available for reproduction for any creative person, is an impression from an ordinary polyethylene film on wet plaster applied to the wall. In this case, fantasy can also not be limited, since the film can be used unfolded or rolled into a roller, as well as simply crumpled it randomly. In addition, you can come up with your own version of the use of this material, since, achieving the desired pattern, you can safely experiment with a solution and a film.
	When removing the film, after it has been pressed against wet plaster, it will inevitably pull the mortar along with it, and as a result, peculiar relief protrusions are formed that can be smoothed with a spatula or trowel. Using this method of creating decorative plaster, you can use a tinted solution, or paint it after the wall dries after applying the relief.
	Quite popular for decorating both internal and external surfaces of walls is such a textured pattern as "bark beetle". For this, a special plaster composition is used, which includes hard stone fractions with a size of 1.5 ÷ 3 mm. Such a solution is applied using a metal trowel, and it can be distributed on the surface in different directions, depending on what relief is intended to be obtained. Rigid fractions when applying plaster leave furrows that mimic damage to the surface by insects. These in-depth stripes can be arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, in the form of a semicircle or whole circles - the direction of the relief pattern will depend on the preference of the master and the intended design.
	A frequently used tool for applying relief is a roller, which leaves a textured pattern on the surface of the wall. This method of recreating volume can be used by any homeowner, even if he has never done plastering before. It is enough to purchase a roller with a relief you like on its rubber nozzle and leave an imprint on a fresh solution applied to the wall. The choice of nozzles is so great that they can be chosen for any, even the most sophisticated taste. If desired, the nozzle on the roller can be made independently, using pieces of foam rubber, wound coarse rope, polyethylene film, fur, fabric with a deep relief or other materials that can leave the desired impression on wet plaster.
	If it is planned to create the correct one on the walls vegetable drawing, in the form of grass and leaves of various shapes and sizes, then a roller with such a pattern will have to be purchased ready-made. The work on decorating the walls using this technique takes place quite quickly, since there will be no failures in the process - the plaster mixture is applied and distributed on the surface with a spatula, and while it remains wet, it is passed over with a roller, which will leave the selected pattern on the surface.
	And this is a completely simple way that does not require special expenses for the purchase of a tool for reproducing relief. For the finishing process, a regular flat brush with soft or hard bristles is used, depending on how clear the pattern is to be obtained. The relief is recreated according to the same principle as when using a spatula with a notched comb - according to a fresh plaster mortar applied to the wall.
	Another technique of decorative plaster, which is not performed over the entire surface of the wall, but only in its individual areas. One of the above-described types of shallow relief can serve as a background for it. Panels are usually made from gypsum plaster. The composition is applied in slides to the marked area of \u200b\u200bthe wall according to the drawing and left to dry. After drying, they go cutting tools- it can be a knife, cutters of various shapes and a spatula - with their help, the necessary forms are created. In addition to incisors, you will need sandpaper with fine and medium grain, which smooths out the cut out elements of the three-dimensional pattern. In order not to spoil the wall, it is recommended to experiment by creating a small panel or its individual parts on a plywood sheet. Only after making sure that everything works out, you can proceed to reproduce the intended relief pattern on the wall.

In addition to those listed above, there are other items that can be used to create relief patterns on the surface of the wall. For this purpose, not only professional tools, but also improvised devices or even plant fragments, for example, tree leaves or branches of various thicknesses.

Painting decorative plaster

As mentioned above, you can buy colored decorative plaster in hardware stores, but working with it is much more difficult, since it is necessary to reproduce all complex ones with one color. Therefore, most often a white plaster mixture is chosen, which, after final drying, is covered with the selected shades, which greatly expands the creative possibilities of the home master.

In addition to applying color to a finished relief wall, there is another technique for creating a colored surface. In this option, a certain color is added to white plaster before it is applied, and then from the material different shades a relief is made on the wall. This is a fairly complex technique, and a professional artist or a person with the appropriate talent can handle it. Therefore, the best option is to color the finished relief.

Usually, water-based paints are used to paint decorative plaster, to which the desired color is added. It is recommended, when choosing a color, to make it one or two shades darker, since when the paint dries, it will brighten.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The most used technique when giving color to relief plaster is to cover it light tone, the selected shade. Such coloring will become unifying for the whole composition. The paint is applied to the entire plane using a roller, after squeezing it out on the ribbed surface of the paint tray. If the relief has a depth of more than 5 mm, then a long-haired roller is used to tint it, or especially deep fragments are tinted with a soft brush.
	The first paint layer is applied in one go, otherwise the coloring will turn out to be uneven. Therefore, if the paint is tinted on its own, it must be kneaded so much that it is enough for the first layer for all the walls in the room or at least for one wall, but always for its entire area. This is especially important if the surfaces will be painted in one color without additional shades and streaks. Staining is carried out different ways, depending on the depth of the relief and the desired end result.
	One of the options for uneven staining is done with a sponge. Then, on a still wet painted surface, they pass with a soft cloth or a dry sponge, barely touching the protruding elements of the relief. This execution technique is aimed at enhancing the “depth of space” of the relief not only with the help of volume, but also with the use of color play.
	This method of finishing decoration consists of two stages - painting and cleaning the protruding elements of the relief with sandpaper. In the first step, the entire area of the walls is painted with a common color - this process can be carried out using a roller or spray gun. The second stage is done after the paint is completely dry. Fine-grained sandpaper is installed on a construction grater, after which this tool is passed along the protruding parts of the relief. In this way, paint is removed or lightened from the surface, thereby showing a three-dimensional pattern. If desired, the cleaned surfaces can be covered with paint close in tone to the main color, darker or lighter than it, depending on what effect you want to get. A light shade is usually chosen, as it visually increases the volume of the relief.
	A relief panel can only be done experienced master, but you can try to paint it yourself. However, you need to take into account the fact that this process is quite complicated and lengthy, since it will have to be done with thin brushes, so the work will take a lot of time. It is recommended to cover the finished plaster relief panel with a primer, dry it, and only then proceed to painting. Do not take clean bright colours, since the relief will not be visible behind them. Therefore, they are diluted to the state of shades of the selected color, or a certain amount of them is added to white paint.
	In this variant of painting decorative plaster, two colors are used - one is the main one, and the second is an auxiliary one, which will highlight the relief pattern. The work is carried out in two stages. First, the entire surface is covered with one, primary color. This process can be carried out with a roller, a wide brush or a spray gun. Then this layer should be well dried. The second stage consists in applying paint with tangential movements to the protruding parts of the relief with a soft brush, foam sponge or mittens worn on the hand. The applied paint should be thick enough, and the brush or sponge should be dry.

Video: an interesting example of painting a wall finished with embossed plaster

The final stage of work on decorative plaster is coating the walls with varnish or wax. This process must be carried out carefully, as by applying the final layer carelessly, you can spoil the whole work.

In conclusion, I would like to say that if there is little or no experience in performing decorative plastering, then it is not recommended to choose too complex design techniques. In the same case, when a specific drawing is chosen and a decision is made to reproduce it on the wall at all costs, you should carefully study the instructions and practice on a small section of the wall or plywood shield.

Video: demonstration of various techniques for applying and decorating decorative plasters

"Versailles plaster": technology available to everyone - step by step

In the final section, as an example, the design of the wall with the so-called "Versailles plaster" will be considered. In the proposed finishing technology, instead of the plaster composition, two types of putty are used - starting and finishing, which allows you to save a decent amount on finishing. In addition, the advantage of this method of original decorative wall decoration is that even a novice master can do it. The main thing is to acquire high-quality material and use it correctly.

In addition to two types of putty, to obtain the desired result, you will need "Quartz-primer" to be applied to the wall under decorative cladding, which creates increased adhesion between materials, and also prevents the putty from drying too quickly. The presence of this material is a prerequisite for decorating a wall using this technology.

In order for the plaster layer to turn out to be aesthetic, it is necessary to purchase two more components, without which the desired effect will not work.

This is, firstly, a decorative coloring coating of the "Adagio Silver" type - on an acrylic binder, containing small metal particles various forms. Gives a very interesting iridescent effect, giving the wall a silky look.

Secondly, the so-called glitter is used, consisting of the smallest particles of a polyester film of various shapes. This component is also added to one of the decorative wall trim layers.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The first step is to knead the model mass, consisting of starting and finishing putty in a 1: 1 ratio. Mixing takes place as follows: Part of the starting and part of the finishing putty is poured into the container with water in turn, then the sequence is repeated, and so on until it is filled up right amount dry mix. If necessary, a little water is added to the bucket, and then the mass is mixed with a mixer attachment. Further, ready solution left for 10 ÷ 12 minutes - this time is necessary for it to "ripen". After this time, the mass is mixed again until a homogeneous state. It should be very well mixed and have a consistency of medium density, that is, not very liquid, and not thick.
	The finished putty composition is applied to the prepared, leveled, treated with "Quartz-primer" and dried wall surface. If the mass is applied not from the ceiling, but below, along the broken line on the wall, then it is recommended to first stick masking tape on it, which will help keep the upper part of the wall clean and keep the upper border of the decorative finish even. Work starts from the top line. First of all, the putty mixture is distributed along the masking tape.
	The applied layer should have a thickness of 2÷3 mm. Particular attention should be paid to filling the joints of the planes, for example, if the putty will be applied from the ceiling line. The mixture is applied to the wall with a trowel, in a relatively even layer. This work can also be done with a spatula having a width of 300÷350 mm. It should be noted that in this finishing option, you don’t have to try too hard, leveling the solution to perfect smoothness, the main thing is that the material layer has the same thickness over the entire plane of the wall and is fairly even. The smoother the putty layer, the easier it will be to see the flaws in the relief pattern.
	An even facing layer is applied to a height of 1000÷1500 mm from the top down the wall. Then a relief pattern is formed on the wet putty. For this, a plastic trowel with a plate pointed in front is used - in shape it resembles an iron. Work starts from the corners or the top line of the wall. The master makes wave-like movements, stretching the mass, at the same time creating a chaotic pattern in the form of stripes going in different directions. With the help of a trowel, the mass, as it were, rises above the surface, creating a larger volume of decorative coating and leaving behind furrows of different widths, most often located diagonally on the surface. The convenience of creating a relief in this way is that the drawing applied to the solution can always be corrected if the master does not like it in some way.
	Having developed the first batch of putty, and having reached approximately the middle of the wall in height, the next portion of the mortar is made. During this time, the mass applied to the wall will already have time to grab. Therefore, many craftsmen have the problem of combining the plastered area of \u200b\u200bthe wall with the already set mortar and the fresh, just mixed mass that will be applied below. The joint between the two areas of the wall should be completely invisible.
	In order for the merging to go smoothly and become completely invisible, a fresh solution is applied with an overlap on the already applied layer by 150 ÷ 200 mm, and then the overall layer is smoothed out. This process must be carried out along the entire line of the union of the two zones - the upper and lower.
	The overlap line must be smoothed out well, and then a general relief pattern should be applied to it.
	The embossing starts from the area where the drawing has already been applied. It turns out that it is, as it were, “picked up” with a trowel and extended to a uniformly applied unifying putty layer along its entire length.
	Combining the two zones of the wall, it is important to ensure that there are no deep dents or pronouncedly even stripes from the trowel on it. Such defects must be smoothed out and these areas should be given a general relief, since in these areas they will be especially noticeable. When working on the connecting line, it is recommended to step aside and inspect the work area from a distance. So you can more clearly identify the shortcomings and immediately correct them.
	Then, the model mass is applied to the entire lower part of the wall in an even layer, and a relief is formed on it, in exactly the same way. When the wall is completely covered with this primary layer of embossed putty, it is left to dry completely for two days.
	When the wall dries, a spatula is passed along its surface, with which it is necessary to clean the protruding sharp edges of the relief stripes, since they must be rounded.
	Then, the entire surface is processed with a construction grater, with sandpaper No. 60 installed on it. Grouting is carried out with a slight pressure, in a circular motion counterclockwise.
	After processing, a relief surface with smoothed protruding edges of the pattern should be obtained. An additional check of the surface, that is, its smoothness, can be made by running the palm of your hand over it. If untreated areas are found that scratch the palm, then this flaw must be corrected immediately. The treated surface must be thoroughly cleaned of putty dust - this process is done with a soft wide brush or brush.
	The next step is to treat the surface with a deep penetration primer. The soil is applied with a roller with a pile nozzle. The composition must be well distributed over the wall, collecting all the resulting smudges. This layer dries in 1.5÷2 hours.
	Next, a white water-based paint is taken, a color scheme of the selected shade is added to it (in this case, the master used a beige dye), and the mass is well mixed until smooth. The paint should be applied easily and not be too thick, therefore, if necessary, the solution is diluted to the desired consistency with water. The relatively liquid composition of the paint, when applied to the wall, will become translucent, which, in combination with other layers of different shades, will create the illusion of space.
	The paint is first applied to the edge of the wall with a brush, and then the main part of the surface is tinted with a roller with a pile nozzle. It distributes the mass well over the relief surface, filling all the recesses of the pattern with paint, and when rolling out the composition, it collects its excess. As a result, the surface should be neat and evenly painted, without smudges. After the entire surface is covered with a tinting composition, it is left to dry completely. Water-based paint, applied in a thin layer, will dry for about two hours.
	Further, a composition made of a conventional primer and "silver" - the dye "Adagio Silver" is applied to the surface using a foam roller. The mixture is prepared in a 1:1 ratio, that is, in this case, the master took 250 × 250 grams of these materials. The resulting mixture should have a fairly thick consistency and not smudge at all. The mass is applied to the wall without pressure, so that only the upper protruding elements of the relief are covered with it. Recesses should not be painted with this composition.
	The mixture is gently rolled over the entire surface of the wall, highlighting the relief with color.
	Next, you will need to prepare a finishing composition that will transform the surface of the wall beyond recognition. It consists of a water-based varnish and a small amount of glitter. The varnish is diluted with water, in proportions of approximately 1: 3, and mixes well. The addition of water is necessary so that a hard uneven glossy crust does not form on the surface of the wall after it has been coated.
	A small amount of glitter is added to the varnish, about a tablespoon per 0.5 liter of composition. The solution is then thoroughly mixed by vigorous shaking. Before you start shaking, the lid of the container with the composition must be tightly closed.
	Further, the finished varnish composition is applied to the relief plaster using a foam roller and is well distributed by rolling over the wall surface. After completing this stage of work, the finish can be considered complete. It remains only to wait for the wall surface to dry, and then remove the masking tape limiting the wall.
	The last illustration shows the result of this enough long work above the wall decoration. But then, you see, the technology is not so complicated, and the resulting finish looks very original.

Decorative plaster, the technology of applying it to the surface of the walls is of great interest to the owners of their homes. This is one of the most fashionable wall coverings in the renovation of premises.

If earlier plaster was a finishing material that is applied to the surface under the final coating, now it is used for the final coating itself. The technique of applying decorative plaster, video of the process, will show this article.

The composition of the material includes:

Watery base.
bonding polymers.
Filler, which can be:

sand;
lime mixture;
crumb of marble (see. Plaster with marble chips: types, features, methods of application).

Decorative plaster perfectly levels the surface and can be applied to many building materials.

In this case, the walls can be:

Brick.
Plasterboard.
Wooden and others.

A feature of the material is its high plasticity, which makes it possible to obtain various images from it. By adding small stones and shells, you can create a panoramic pattern.

Tip: Pasty or dry decorative plaster goes on sale. Specifications she has different things to keep in mind when purchasing material for wall decoration in a room.

The material, according to the type of connecting element and the composition of the filler, can be:

Mineral plaster. Consists of lime or cement, based on water. Its price is the lowest, but there are a number of disadvantages, of which the most basic is low vibration resistance. Such material can begin to crack even with slight vibration in houses located next to the railway track, which must be taken into account.
silicate plaster. It has a high resistance to vibrating movements, however, not the highest. In this case, the binding element is liquid potassium glass. The main advantage of the material is not a high tendency to contamination.
Acrylic plaster. Better coverage than the previous two. The technology of decorative plaster is based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resins. Such material is made internal walls rooms and facades of houses. Its main advantages:

moisture resistance;
heat resistance.

In addition, it is very easy to wash. This type of coating for the bathroom and kitchen is unrivaled.

silicone plaster. This is the most expensive cover. The binding element here are polymers. When applying such a decorative coating with your own hands on the wall, it is easy to understand what excellent plastic properties the material has, which allows even a non-professional worker to apply it. In addition, the surface is perfectly washable.

Different fillers determine the type of plaster.

She may be:

Textured (see Textured plaster: wall decoration features). This is an inexpensive and fairly popular type of coating. As a filler in it are:

wood fibers;
mica;
small stones;
crumb mineral.

With such fillers, you can get a three-dimensional pattern of the effect, and the walls, under such plaster, take on the appearance of a real work of art.

Structural. Here, stone and mineral chips are used as a filler. Quartz elements are also used in the coating.

Tip: Before applying this coating, it is necessary to get acquainted with its structural homogeneity. In this case, the wall will look like the bark of a tree.

Venetian (see Do-it-yourself Venetian plaster: features of the work). The filler in this material is marble chips. This is a very beautiful decorative plaster, the technology of its application is quite complicated. The material is used, most often, in antique or classic interiors.
Front. It is mainly used when performing facade finishing. However, when using small granules, it can also be used indoors. Fillers in the material can be very different. Its advantages:

moisture resistance;
good soundproofing;
resistance to temperature fluctuations.

gypsum. In this case, gypsum is taken as a filler. Material advantages:

high environmental friendliness;
high-quality leveling properties;
strength;
increased plasticity.

What tools are needed for the job

The type of material, the technology for applying decorative plaster, a video on creating a unique ornament or a kind of texture shows the whole process in detail.

To apply the coating, you will need special tools:

Steel trowel. It is a special spatula, which is mainly intended for applying the Venetian type of mixture. The coating of metal elements with special means prevents the formation of rust. Patterns on structural and texture views can be very different, which allows you to make tools of different sizes.
A plastic trowel is used to create a relief for structural compositions such as:

"bark beetle";
"fur coat".

A decorative brush allows the surface to be roughened. With a brush, the surface is “combed”, leaving furrows. The result depends on the direction of movement of the tool along the wall. Movements can be:

vertical stripes;
arcs.

It all depends on the imagination of the owner of the premises.

Applicator. Designed to give a comfortable texture to the tree.
Sea sponge. With its help, paint is applied, which gives the coating an interesting effect.
A roller with a “marbled” surface is purchased to work with a Venetian surface. Helps mimic natural stone.
A porous roller will be needed to create a surface of an unusual texture. It is used not only for painting with decorative paints.
Textured roller (see Rollers for decorative plaster and creating a relief surface). Such tools are made on different dies. They are convenient to use for applying repeating patterns, as on wallpaper. When carrying out work, it is necessary to move from bottom to top, it is necessary to carry out a roller on the surface in one motion, imprinting the ornament on the wall.
Stamp for "Safari". They can make the surface under the skin of a crocodile, using a special Safari mixture for this, which will give the surface a very expensive and respectable look.

Methods for covering decorative plaster

The technology of applying the material depends on its type, which determines the consistency of the material.

Before decorative plaster is covered, the technology takes into account such factors:

It is not very convenient to work with a liquid mass; it cannot be further diluted with water.
If there is a large aggregate or crumb in the material, the coating can only be applied manually.
Compositions in which crumbs of different fractions are difficult to apply manually.
Water-soluble materials have little toxicity, but they are more susceptible to negative environmental influences.

A few important points about applying decorative plaster:

On plastic, oil paint, polyurethane foam, the material dries much longer than on concrete with pores or plaster.
When working on OSB, chipboard, plywood, wood, the surface may be deformed from the application of a decorative coating made on a water basis.
In case of defects on the basis of the surface, a thicker layer of material will be required, which will increase material consumption.
When coating aqueous compounds on ferrous metals, rust spots may appear.

Tip: Almost all types of decorative plaster have the same curing period. The setting of the material occurs in about 4 hours, it will take up to 36 hours to dry, and up to 9 days for complete hardening. The first two days the surface should be protected from changes in humidity and air temperature.

How to prepare the surface

To prepare the walls of the room for decorative plaster, you must:

Clear walls.
Dry surfaces well.
Remove dust.
Fill cracks and large defects.

Tip: Walls must be primed with a special compound that creates a layer located between the base of the wall and the coating.

The primer softens the negative effects of air changes, which deform stresses and strengthen the carrier layer.

Under different types of plaster, special types of primers are made. Crumbling, weak foundations should be treated with a strengthening compound. Before applying decorative plaster, drywall should be treated with a special deep penetration primer.

In the manufacture of a primer layer, several features must be taken into account:

It should be over 20 mm thick.
The smoothing of the soil should be done with strong compaction so that the uniformity of the texture is not subsequently disturbed.
The surface is kept wet for about 10 days. To do this, it is wetted with water up to three times in 24 hours.

Application technology

What is the technology for applying decorative plaster, the video will tell you in detail. Different types of coating are performed with different tools.

It can be:

Tassels.
Embossed roller.
Master OK.
Putty knife.
Spatulas.

The most common way to level a wall with plaster is to stretch it.

Wherein:

A trowel or steel float is used.
The operation is performed from the bottom up.
The grater is placed to the wall surface at an angle of 60°. The thickness of the coating layer must correspond to the fractionation of the filler.
The final texture and pattern of the coating is formed with a plastic trowel after the mortar has adhered to the tool.

Instructions for applying decorative plaster of different types:

A coating with a uniform rough texture, which looks like pebbles of the same size and densely packed, is formed by small movements in a circle directed in one direction.

Coating with a "bark beetle" structure, may have grooves:

horizontal;
vertical;
cross;
circular.

It depends on the path and amplitude of the tool movement.

Sand and lime coating helps to create various types of textures. It is done with molding tools.

How decorative plaster is performed, application technology - the video will tell you how to apply it efficiently and beautifully.

Examples of applying different textured patterns:

Wave. For this:

notches are made on a pre-wiped, fresh surface;
the area is wetted with water;
a layer of solution is applied in strips. Stripes are made straight or zigzag. By smoothing the surface with a spatula, waviness is attached.

boulders. In this case:

a sufficiently plastic colored solution is applied to the soil layer;
leveled with half;
with a hard brush, which is located at an angle of 90 ° to the wall, the surface is trimmed. The harder the brush, the more contrast the boulders will look.

Travertine. A multi-colored solution is applied to the surface with a thin layer of throws and smoothed out with a trowel or spatula.
Furrows. To complete this texture, you will need a semicircular malka, sharply sharpened, with teeth, their width is three centimeters, and the gaps between them are 1.5 centimeters. Further:

a small amount of moving plaster is applied to the primed surface;
smoothed out with a half;
the rule is applied and at an angle of 45 °, furrows are formed with the sharpened part of the bevel, the shape of which depends on the configuration of the teeth.

Fur coat. Usually created by spraying or throwing through the mesh, by shaking off the brush. Wherein:

the grid is selected with a section of cells of about one centimeter;
stretched on a frame, the dimensions of which are 1 × 1 meter;
the frame leans against the ground;
the mixture is thrown onto it with a spatula through the mesh.

The solution must be applied with equal force, which will allow the coating to be fairly uniform.

related technology. In this case, the solution is collected with a broom, the broom hits the stick so that the plaster is sprayed on the wall.
Cereals. Spraying is performed with a plastic and liquid mass, the texture after that resembles flakes different sizes and forms.
Sponge. The solution has the consistency of sour cream, is applied to the primer and carefully leveled. A sponge moistened with soapy water to prevent the mixture from sticking.
The texture of the strokes can be given to terrazite plaster. To obtain it, a fine-grained set solution is used. Material processing can be started after an interval that ranges from one to five hours. The comb forms the texture. To do this, notches are made on the surface.
Broken stone. This texture is obtained by driving the tongue into the hardened mortar. In this case, pieces of the coating will break off, and the resulting recesses will create graininess in the coating.

The application of decorative plaster is shown in detail in the video in this article.

How to spray decorative plaster

This method allows the composition to be applied to slopes, decorative details or complex geometric surfaces. With the help of spraying, the aesthetic effect of applying artistic plasters of various fractions increases.

It could be:

The composition is three millimeters thick, selected to cover the main surfaces.
A layer of one millimeter is sprayed onto the slopes and decorative elements.

To apply decorative plaster by this method, you need to purchase a special apparatus.

On one wall, the spraying should be carried out continuously, starting from the top and following the rule that the work is done “wet on wet”. If it is necessary to interrupt work, a masking tape is glued along the line of the end of the decorative layer. After applying the plaster, its structure is formed and only then the tape is removed.

These are the most common ways of applying decorative plasters.

The concept of "decorative plaster" combines many different building mixtures designed for finishing the walls of the premises. This includes flock, and Venetian plasters, and liquid wallpaper, and plasters that imitate various surfaces and structures like natural stone or a tree.

The addition of solid particles to the mixture during their application gives an interesting and original pattern. Also, such plasters can be mixed with dyes of the desired shades.

When using decorative plaster for wall decoration, as a rule, it becomes the finishing one. Her appearance makes it possible to create any style of interior without resorting to the use of additional materials.

The very process of applying plaster is quite simple, if you clearly follow the instructions for its preparation and know a few simple secrets. In addition, this is a creative process that allows you to show your artistic abilities and give the premises a unique look.

Before you start applying the plaster itself, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the walls. It must be cleaned of old wallpaper or loose ball, carefully leveled and sanded. Dust that has settled on the walls must be completely removed with a brush. After cleaning the surface, it is primed. The primer can be used as an ordinary primer, as well as a primer-impregnation. In the first case, it is applied with a spatula, in the second - with a roller or a wide brush.

While the primer on the walls dries, you can start preparing decorative plaster. It is usually sold in plastic buckets of various capacities as a dry mix. To prepare it, you must strictly follow the instructions on the package. The preparation itself will not special work- as a rule, it is enough to place the mixture with a drill with a special nozzle. If there is no drill, you can use a piece of rebar or a wooden board.

Various dyes can also be added to the mixed plaster to obtain the desired shade. There are several ways to add dye. You can add it directly to the bucket with the mixture (proportions 1:10), only to the finishing composition, or dilute it with the mixture in proportions 1:1 and apply it on the wall with a roller or sponge with chaotic strokes. If the first two options are standard application methods and result in a surface that is uniform in color, then the last option is more likely creativity which takes more time, but the result is worth it.

The plaster is applied to the wall with a spatula or trowel. The layer of plaster ranges from 2 to 5 mm. Due to the fact that the surface was pre-leveled and impregnated with a primer, the plaster lays evenly and is not absorbed by the pores of the walls. For applying plaster, it is convenient to use a wide tool that allows you to capture a large area.

Depending on the composition of the mixture and the method of its application, different textures can be obtained. The mixture can be applied with a spatula, moving up and down or in a circular motion. You can also experiment with different tools for applying the mixture.

Using a large, hard-bristled brush, for example, will give the texture a wave shape.

With the help of toothed trowels or rollers, as well as various stamps, repeating reliefs are created.

To obtain non-standard reliefs, you can also use improvised materials. Crumpled plastic bag, which is pressed against the still wet layer of the mixture, gives the effect of "lunar surface".

After application, decorative plaster can dry from 8 hours to two days, depending on the thickness of the applied layer. After drying, the surface of the walls is lightly sanded with fine-grained sandpaper to remove the sharp edges of the relief and cleaned of dust.

The last step is to apply the final protective composition. It must be chosen depending on the type of plaster. Some experts use a special wax instead, which protects the plaster layer from moisture.

Video on how to apply decorative plaster

I propose to visually see the process of applying decorative plaster and the arrangement of various textured patterns in the video lesson.

Examples of interiors with decorative plaster

First of all, the methods of applying decorative plaster depend on its variety and, in this regard, on the consistency.

Some general points

Consider the following factors:

it is not very convenient to work with a liquid mass, since it cannot be further diluted with water;
material with large filler - crumb is applied only by hand;
compositions with mixed fractions are difficult to apply manually;
plasters mixed with water are less toxic, but more susceptible to the negative effects of the environment.

Remember more important points that all the lessons of applying decorative plaster are talking about.

On dense surfaces of plastic, oil paint, polyurethane foam, the material will dry much longer than on plaster or porous concrete.
OSB, chipboard, plywood, wood can be deformed during work with decorative coating water based.
If the surface of the base has defects, a thicker layer will be required, which means that consumption will increase.
When applying water masses to ferrous metals, rust spots may appear on them.

Note! Almost all types of artistic plasters have the same curing time. Setting occurs in 3-5 hours, drying takes 1-1.5 days, full hardening occurs in 7-9 days.

In the first 48 hours, the surface must be protected from temperature extremes, moisture and damage.

Surface preparation

It is no different from similar operations for ordinary plaster: the walls must be clean, dry and dust-free, without cracks and major damage.

The primer will soften the negative effects of temperature changes, humidity, deforming stresses and strengthen the carrier layer.

There are different types of primers available. Weak and crumbling bases must be treated with a strengthening compound.

Before making decorative plaster, drywall is treated with deep penetration soil. For GVL and GVLV, insulating compounds are recommended.

The manufacture of a primer layer has several features:

its thickness should not be less than 2 cm;
when smoothing down, the soil must be strongly compacted so as not to subsequently disturb the uniformity of the texture;
the layer must be kept wet for 7-12 days, moisten it with water two to three times a day.

Application methods

Stretch technology

The texture of the furrows on decorative plaster

Different types of coverage are created with different tools. The application technique may require the use of a brush, embossed roller, trowel, spatula, spatula.

The most common is stretching. It is carried out with a trowel or steel grater, the work goes from bottom to top.

The grater is held at an angle of 60° to the wall surface. The thickness of the material layer should be related to the fractionation of the filler.

When the solution no longer sticks to the tool, you can form the final texture and pattern of the coating using a plastic float.

A little about how to properly apply decorative plaster of different types.

Sandy and creating various types of textures. This is done with molding tools.

So, how is decorative plaster made with various textured patterns. Instructions for creating your own hands:

Wave. Notches are made on a fresh, pre-wiped surface. Further, it is wetted with water and a layer of solution is applied in stripes. Stripes can be made straight or zigzag. The waviness of the surface is given by smoothing with a spatula.
boulders. A colored solution with good plasticity is applied to the soil. Level it with a trowel and use a hard brush to trim the surface. Hold the brush at a 90° angle to the wall. The more rigid it is, the sharper the boulders will be outlined.

Travertine. The tinted solution is applied with throws in a thin layer on the surface and smoothed out with a spatula or a trowel.
Furrows. For this texture, you need a bevel with semicircular teeth, 3 cm wide and 1.5 cm apart between them. Before work, the teeth must be sharpened. A minimally movable plaster is applied to the primer and immediately smoothed out with a trowel. Then a rule is applied to it and with a sharpened part of the bevel, which is held at an angle of 45 °, furrows are formed. Their shape depends on the configuration of the teeth.
Fur coat. It can be created by spraying, throwing through the net, shaking off the brush. The cross section of the cells in the grid should be about 1 cm. Pull it over a frame measuring 1 × 1 m, lean against the ground and throw the mixture with a spatula through the grid. It is necessary to apply the solution with equal force so that the coating is uniform.
A related technology - spray application is as follows. The solution is collected with a broom, which hits a stick in such a way that the composition is sprayed onto the wall.
Cereals. If the spray is made with a liquid and plastic mass, a texture is formed that resembles flakes of various sizes and shapes.
Sponge. A solution of a creamy consistency is applied to the primer and leveled. A sponge leans against it at selected intervals. To prevent the mixture from sticking, moisten it with soapy water.
Terrazit plaster can be given the texture of strokes. It is obtained from a fine-grained set solution. The interval after which you can start processing ranges from one to five hours. The texture is formed by notches, for which a comb is used.
Broken stone. To obtain such an texture, it is necessary to drive the tongue into the hardened mortar. It will chip off pieces of the coating, the resulting recesses will give the coating a graininess.

Spray technology

In the photo, an apparatus for spraying decorative plaster (price - from 52,000 rubles)

There is another technology for performing decorative plaster - spraying. With this method, the composition is applied to slopes, decorative elements or geometrically complex surfaces.

Serves to increase the aesthetic effect by working with artistic plasters of various fractions. For example, for the main surfaces, a composition with a thickness of 3 mm is selected, and a layer of 1 mm is sprayed onto decorative elements and slopes.

Before applying decorative plaster by this method, it is necessary to purchase or rent a special apparatus.

Spraying on one wall must be carried out continuously, starting from the top and observing the “wet on wet” rule. If you need to interrupt work, along the line, where the decorative layer ends, stick masking tape. Subsequently, after applying the plaster, form its structure and only then remove the adhesive tape.

Outcome

These are the most common and simple ways application of artistic plasters. Before you get started, be sure to watch the video in this article.

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Do-it-yourself decorative plaster is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Wall decoration with decorative plaster is now gaining great popularity. This option during repairs has become a serious competitor to conventional wallpaper. There are different types of plaster for interior decoration. The main difference is the texture and method of application.

Types of decorative plaster can be as follows:

structural, which contains inclusions of a certain size;
textured, which allows you to form a smooth relief surface;
Venetian, imitating marble.

Before applying decorative plaster, you need to carefully study the features of each option and the application technology.

Structural

Methods for applying decorative plaster to obtain a structure involve the use of heterogeneous granular compositions. A variety of material is obtained by adding small pebbles, fragments of quartz, wood fibers, etc. to the plaster. Finishing material is made on the basis of cement and limestone. Synthetic latexes or silicates are also added to the composition. It is better to select the composition from ready-made mixtures. This is the only way to achieve good results. If you mix the components yourself, a good result is not guaranteed.

For the preparation of high-quality plaster, it is better to use ready-made mixtures

Wall decoration with textured plaster is easier if you use compositions on aqueous solvents. This is due to the fact that before applying decorative plaster with your own hands, you do not have to “evacuate” the residents of the apartment. The water-based material does not have a strong odor.

Wall decoration with plaster of this type is easy. This is justified by the high plasticity of the material and its obedience during operation. The technology of applying decorative plaster is simple and convenient. Work can be done immediately. There is no need to prepare the mixture, since it is already sold in liquid form in jars or buckets.

With the help of decorative plaster, you can create any structure of different shades.

The application technique is as follows:

It is necessary to prepare materials and tools for decorative plaster. For the structural composition, you will need a roller, trowel or spatula.
Before laying decorative plaster, you need to prepare the surface. A perfectly flat base is not required. The thickness of the plaster layer and its structure can hide small defects. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt, dust and grease. After that, the bulges are knocked down and large cracks and potholes are covered up.
A clean and dry base is strengthened with a primer. With him decorative paints and plasters will adhere better to the surface. Such a layer also prevents the exchange of moisture between the base and the finishing material. The application of decorative plaster with your own hands can only be started after the primer for the walls has completely dried.
The principle of the performed work will do for all compositions: on a mineral, silicone or silicate basis. Plastering is carried out with a trowel or spatula in one layer. The coating is applied to the wall in circular or rectilinear movements.
After application, the layer must be allowed to dry. At the same time, it is necessary to control that the room maintains a constant temperature and humidity, there are no drafts. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to a deterioration in the quality of the decorative layer, the appearance of cracks.

To apply the composition and create a structure, use a roller or spatula

Do-it-yourself structural decorative wall plaster is perfect for finishing common areas such as hallway, kitchen or hallway. In some interiors, it can harmoniously fit into the space of a bedroom or living room.

Before starting work, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions. It indicates a more specific application technique and how to use the material correctly.

Textured

The method of applying decorative plaster with your own hands allows you to get the original texture. The boundary between textural and structural plasters carried out quite conditionally. Methods for applying the composition in question make it possible to obtain complex options. For example, imitation of wood, crumpled paper, natural stone.

imitation stone

Option fit for almost any space. The implementation of textured decorative plaster allows you to support any design.

Most often, lime flour is introduced into the composition as the main ingredient. But you can also find polymer-based plasters. Polymers improve performance. Such a composition does not crack when dried. In work, polymers allow you to create a more embossed and interesting pattern.

Finishing properties largely depend on fillers. Fibers of different materials, crumbs of granite or marble are introduced into the textured solution. The consumption of decorative plaster largely depends on the complexity of the selected pattern.

Textured plaster can be chosen for any design

How decorative textured plaster is applied:

Before you can properly apply the solution, you will need to prepare the base. Inner surface handled in almost the same way in all cases. Here the requirements are the same as for the structural composition: the absence of pollution and strong irregularities.
Before working with decorative plaster, you need to cover the wall with a primer. This layer must be allowed to dry.
After priming, a base paint is used, which is applied with a brush. On sale there are compositions that combine two functions: a primer and a substrate. They are worth buying to reduce time costs and simplify the process.
Decorative wall plaster, the application technology of which involves the use of a spatula, trowel or brush, is laid in 1-2 layers. The thickness depends on the complexity of the relief. The more interesting it is, the more solution will be required. It is not recommended to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 20 mm at a time.
A master class on decorative plaster should be completed with a finishing layer. As such a composition, transparent paints are used, which are also called glazing. They not only protect the surface, but also give it a pleasant pearly sheen. Options for applying decorative plaster can also consider using paint, impregnation or special wax as a final layer.

Decorative plaster, with the pros and cons of which you should read separately, will give the premises a complete and unique look. The advantage of this composition lies in the high plasticity and the ability to impart finished surface rather complex structure. But the medal also has a downside: the complexity of application. Getting the original drawing is not so easy. You may first have to take a master class on applying decorative plaster from an experienced craftsman.

This will help you understand how to properly and efficiently plaster. brick walls inside the house and surfaces from other materials.

Venetian

This type of decorative plaster for interior work allows you to get an imitation of marble. The texture is very beautiful. The material is perfect for almost any room.

imitation marble

The composition is sold in ready-made liquid form. The mass of a can or bucket is usually from 7 to 25 kg. The plaster contains marble flour and slaked lime. An aqueous emulsion is used to avoid bad smell when applied.

Before plastering brick walls, they will need to be leveled. It is possible to apply decorative plaster on the walls only after the base is perfect. This type of material does not suffer from shortcomings. This is the difficulty of working with Venetian plaster.

If necessary, the solution can be painted in any color. With such plaster with your own hands, you can create amazing mosaics or whole paintings. Also, the benefits include environmental friendliness and safety. The composition is suitable even for the bedroom. The surface is fireproof and wear-resistant. After application, the layer dries fairly quickly.

Venetian plaster allows you to finish the walls like marble

A decorative technique training might look like this:

First you need to prepare materials and tools for applying decorative plaster. Here you will need a medium-sized spatula and sandpaper with very small particles.
After cleaning the surface, proceed to leveling the base. It must be perfect. First of all, get rid of chips. After that, you need to level the cracks and depressions with a cement-sand mortar or putty. For maximum elimination of defects, a leveling layer of plaster based on Portland cement is applied. The thickness of the layer is assigned depending on the severity of the base defects. On average, 20 mm will be enough. Evenness is controlled using the beacon rule. To do this, before starting work, special strips are installed on the wall with a certain step. Another option for leveling is drywall sheets.
The leveling layer must be allowed to dry. After that, you can apply a primer. She will allow finishing material it's better to hit the wall.
Venetian plaster is tinted before application. After that, they take a spatula and begin to apply the mass to the base with thin strokes. The entire surface needs to be treated. If necessary, the solution is applied in several layers. The maximum thickness in one application cannot exceed 12 mm.
Allow time to dry after application. It is important to control the temperature and humidity conditions. Close doors and windows to prevent drafts. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that when drying, cracks may appear on the surface.
When the surface is dry, start cleaning. This will require sandpaper. The work is done in a circular motion. Everything must be done very carefully.
The last step is protection. Finished layer should be covered with special white wax in one layer.

The technique of finishing with Venetian plaster involves applying the mass in small strokes.

Which is better?

There is no exact answer to this answer. Each case must be considered separately. In one case, the plaster will be better structural, and in the other textured. The choice should be made depending on the interior of the room. But at the same time, it is worth considering the experience of the master and his skill. Before choosing a decorative plaster, you need to objectively assess your capabilities. For example, such an option as a Venetian coating is not for everyone.

Create an invoice marble chips

Application on ceilings

When renovating your home, you need to take care of more than just the walls. Performing work on the ceiling is more labor intensive. Here you have to constantly raise your head, which can be very tiring.. General principle practically does not differ from technology for walls.

The thickness of the plaster layer on the ceiling is 5 mm

There is only one difference. If on the wall the maximum layer thickness for the structural and texture mixture is 20 mm, then on the ceiling it is reduced to 5 mm. To level the base, it is recommended to use drywall, and not special compounds.

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