Cherry tree. The period of the first fruiting of sweet cherries after planting

When choosing seedlings, it is important to pay attention to what year the sweet cherry bears fruit after planting. Not only the expected result depends on this, but also the quality of the crop. Varieties of sweet cherries that quickly begin to produce berries are usually characterized by low yields.

Correct fit

In order for the sweet cherry to begin to bear fruit in time and produce tasty fruits, planting should be carried out according to certain rules.

The tree needs fertile soil and maximum sunlight.

There are a few more basic rules to keep in mind when planting a tree.

• Landing should be carried out near other pollinators. For these purposes, you should use various varieties cherries. So that the sweet cherry can bear fruit as efficiently as possible, it is planted next to the cherry. When these trees stand side by side, maximum pollination occurs, which accelerates the fruiting process.
• In cool regions (northern part of the country), landing should be carried out in early spring. AT southern parts country landing is carried out in October.
• The hole for planting a seedling should be of such size that the root system of the plant is freely located over the entire area. Roots must not be crushed.
• Often the plant does not bear fruit well if the soil does not have enough nutrients or excess moisture, so it is recommended to pour sand into the bottom of the hole so that the moisture is absorbed faster and does not lead to rotting of the roots.

Care for better fruiting

If the cherry does not bear fruit for a long time, it needs more attention from the gardener. If you follow all the rules for planting and caring, you can grow a tree that will delight you every year with delicious and juicy fruits. It is worth paying attention to the recommendations for care.

Watering is carried out at intervals of 14 days. Excess moisture leads to the fact that the roots of the plant begin to rot. As a result, the tree ceases to function normally (the number of ovaries and shoots decreases), which affects the timing of fruiting.

A few days before watering, it is recommended to apply fertilizer to the ground. Combined dressings should be preferred. For the first time, you can feed the culture with organic matter. To do this, use humus (calculated as 2 kg per 1 m2). The second time top dressing is carried out using a solution of superphosphate (50 g per 10 liters of water) or ammonium nitrate(30 g per 10 liters of water).

For maximum yield, the crown is often watered with a solution of honey. Bees flock to the sweet taste and pollinate the plant.

During care, it is recommended to pay attention to the place where the cherry is grown, its appearance and climatic conditions. In hot regions of the country, watering is carried out much more often, as the soil dries out, and top dressing should be lighter. At such moments, all the same solutions are used, only their concentration should be 2 times less.

Possible fruiting dates

Most gardeners start growing crops without even thinking about what year the cherry bears fruit for:

• most varieties begin to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting;
• some varieties can bear fruit already after 2-3 years, only their yield level is much lower, so special attention should be paid to this parameter;
• there are varieties of sweet cherries that bear fruit after 7-9 years, they are characterized high levels yields: up to 80 kg of excellent quality products are harvested from such trees;
• if a variety should bear fruit only 10 years after planting, then it will have the most high performance productivity: every year up to 100 kg of selected products ripen on such a tree.

Conclusion

To know exactly how many times a sweet cherry needs to start fruiting, you should study in detail all its main characteristics and description. Therefore, it is better to buy seedlings not in the markets, but in specialized nurseries or agricultural stores. There you can get specific information about the ripening time of a particular variety. The rate of fruiting and the quality of berries are also affected by proper fit and quality care.

Cherry fruits conquer the taste and enjoy in great demand. Gardeners also love the culture for the fact that it is almost not damaged by diseases and pests. The cherry tree is powerful, reaches a height of 20 meters and has a semi-spreading crown. On calcareous soils great content organics at good care The cherry tree will live up to 100 years.

Popular varieties of cherries

Many cherries are grown in Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia. In the Russian Federation, culture is successfully cultivated in the Stavropol Territory, in the Crimea, Krasnodar Territory and in Dagestan. In these regions, due to the mild southern climate, any variety can be planted.

Recently, excellent cultivars have appeared for temperate climate middle lane. The first sweet cherry varieties for the Central Chernozem region were obtained at the Rossoshansk Experimental Station:

• Julia- a tree up to 8 meters high with vertical branches. Berries are pink-yellow.
• early pink- tree height up to 5 m, pink berries with a yellow side.
• Rossoshanskaya large- late-ripening variety with large dark berries - up to 7 gr. The tree is tall.

Sweet cherry breeding is successfully carried out at the Oryol Experimental Station. Oryol breeders have developed 3 new varieties:

• Oryol pink- the most frost-resistant of all Oryol varieties, withstands spring thaws. The berries are yellow, the height of the tree is 3.5 m.
• Poetry – large-fruited variety with heart-shaped fruits of dark red color. Tree 3.5 m high.
• Baby- a tree no more than 3 meters high, which is rare for a tall culture. The crown is compact. Thanks to small size, the variety can be covered during spring frosts any nonwoven fabric. The fruits are bright yellow.

Oryol varieties can withstand temperatures down to -37, giving an average yield of 10 kg per tree. They are resistant to coccomycosis, begin to bear fruit for the fourth year after planting.

Cherry seedlings are bought in autumn and spring. It is better to purchase annuals - they take root faster. Pay attention to the roots - they should be powerful, and the cuts should be light in color.

It is better not to buy seedlings with dried leaves on the branches - their root system can be overdried, as seedlings with leaves quickly evaporate moisture. Dried seedlings take root poorly or do not take root at all.

Nurseries grow tall seedlings for industrial gardens. Plant height reaches 2 meters. From them grow trees on a high trunk, which are convenient to care for in an industrial culture. For growing in summer cottages, other trees are needed: more compact and undersized.

In the southern nurseries, sweet cherries are grafted onto Antipka - the Magaleb cherry. They, even planted in autumn, have time to take root, ripen by winter and overwinter well. If a tall seedling is planted in a cold climate, it will go into the winter unprepared and freeze.

AT middle lane It is better for Russia to choose seedlings grafted onto wild cherries and grown on a small trunk - about 20 cm. You can cut the stem to the desired height after planting, and then grow a tree from it in a bushy form, without a central trunk.

Preparing cherries for planting

When planting cherries, it is important to choose the right place.

Light

Culture is demanding of light. In the wild, it never grows next to tall trees, preferring places where it can occupy the upper tier, suppressing other plants. If the cherry tree in the garden is shaded by taller trees, the crown will begin to stretch upwards and the tree will become inconvenient to care for. Fruiting will focus on the top, and the fruits will become small and lose their sweetness.

The soil

The second requirement of culture, after light, is the quality of the soil. For sweet cherries, soil with a good structure is suitable, allowing air to penetrate deep into the ground.

A tree will not grow on clay. Loose, warmed, organic-rich loams and sandy loams are better suited, in which the roots can master a layer of 20-60 cm from the surface. Individual vertical roots of sweet cherries can go as deep as 2 meters or more.

The overwintering of the tree depends heavily on the soil. On heavy clays, cherries freeze more often. The tree does not tolerate stony soils due to the fact that they are poorly soaked with water. In the south, industrial plantations are planted in river floodplains and flood-free river valleys.

In the south, cherries are planted in autumn. In the temperate zone, only spring planting is used.

The cherry tree grows quickly and needs a large area of ​​nutrition. Seedlings are planted in the corners of a square with a side length of at least 6 m.

The soil for planting is carefully prepared. Later, the soil in the near-trunk circles will not be able to be deeply cultivated in order to apply fertilizer or ameliorants. Impressive pits for planting seedlings are dug: width 1 m, diameter 0.8 m. Under each seedling, the following is brought to the bottom of the pit:

• 10 kg of humus;
• 3 packs of double superphosphate;
• 500 gr. potash fertilizers.

Cherries have the same agricultural practices as cherries. The main difference between growing crops is that sweet cherries do not have self-fertile varieties.

In the year of planting, nothing is planted in the near-stem circles, the soil is kept under black fallow. Weeds are rigorously weeded out during the entire growing season.

On the next year row spacing can already be used for growing other crops, leaving at least 1 m of free territory next to the tree. Then, every year, another 50 cm is added to the trunk circle. The trunk circles are always kept clean of weeds and, if possible, mulched with any bulk material.

A pollinator variety should be planted next to the cherry tree. A universal pollinator for any sweet cherry is the Crimean variety.

Next to the young cherry trees in the aisles of the garden, vegetables and flowers can be planted.

bad neighborhood

Do not plant between rows perennial crops, For example, berry bushes. Cherries are growing fast. Despite the slender appearance of seedlings, they will quickly turn into trees and their crowns will close.

Watering

Sweet cherries are moderately demanding on moisture compared to other crops. She does not like waterlogging, reacting to it with gum treatment. In areas where ground water close to the surface, the roots rot and the tree dies in a matter of years.

Moisture requirements are influenced by the characteristics of the stock. If antipka was taken for the stock, the tree will be more drought-resistant. A plant grafted onto a wild cherry seedling, on the contrary, is very sensitive to drought.

Three additional waterings are carried out in the garden during the summer, each time mulching or loosening the soil crust. The culture reacts poorly to dry or humid air - the fruits rot or shrink.

Processing of cherry trees from pests and diseases is carried out as they appear. The culture is resistant to phytopathologies and harmful insects, so you do not have to spray the garden often.

Pest	Symptoms	Preparations
	The leaves at the ends of the shoots curl up, young branches stop growing. On the back side leaves - colonies of small light green insects. Aphids appear on root shoots and near weakened trees	Cut out rootstock in early spring. If the pests are on the main tree, spray the young branches: 300 gr. laundry soap and 10 l. water. In spring and autumn, whiten the bole and clean the old bark with a metal brush
fruit rot	The pulp rots on the branch. Even unripe fruits are affected. Rotten berries are covered with hard cushions with fungal spores	Immediately collect fallen and rotten fruits on the branches. Spray the bushes immediately after setting the berries with Bordeaux mixture
coccomycosis	Weakened seedlings and trees are susceptible. The leaves are covered with red-brown spots, 2 mm in diameter. The spots merge on the lower surface of the plates. Infection overwinters in fallen leaves	Collect and burn leaf litter in autumn. During the growing season, spray the trees with oxychome or Bordeaux mixture at the dosage indicated in the instructions for the preparation.

top dressing

Cherry is a fast-growing crop. Individual varieties enter the offering in the fourth year. To do this, the tree will need a lot of nutrients. The garden is fertilized in the fall, introducing organic matter and mineral fertilizers. It is advisable to close the fertilizer to a depth of 20 cm.

In dry areas, dry fertilizers should not be applied - they will burn the roots. Mineral granules are first dissolved in water, and then the solution is poured out, after spilling the soil with clean water.

The largest accumulation of suction roots near the sweet cherry is located along the perimeter of the crown - it is worth pouring a fertilizer solution there. It is useless to pour fertilizers near the trunk - they will not be absorbed, since an adult tree does not have suction roots in this zone.

You can improve the condition of the tree and increase productivity using green manure. For this purpose, the trunk circles and aisles of the garden are sown with perennial legumes:

• lupine;
• clover;
• sainfoin;
• Lyadvinets;
• alfalfa;
• sweet clover.

The above-ground part of the grasses is regularly mowed, leaving no more than 10-15 cm on the surface. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria develop on the underground parts of the legumes, enriching the soil in the garden with nitrogen useful for sweet cherries. A garden where the aisles and trunk circles are kept grassed will need to be watered much more frequently, as the deep root system of perennial legumes pumps a lot of water out of the soil.

pruning

If the sweet cherry is not formed, the yield will be low, and the tree will grow bulky, inconvenient for care and harvesting. Birds love cherries. Forming a tree compact, low, it is possible to cover it with a net during the ripening of the crop, and then the birds will not get to the tasty fruits.

The sweet cherry has a sparse crown, few skeletal branches are formed on the tree, so the formation is not difficult. The shape of the crown to be given to the tree depends on the type of garden. When thickened planting trees form in the form of palmettes. In medium-density gardens, flat-round and cup-shaped formations are preferred.

Sweet cherries can be pruned only in spring, removing branches that have frozen over the winter, thinning and shortening the one-year growth. When shortening the side branches, the rule is that the central conductor should always be 20 cm higher than the skeletal branches.

The most popular undersized cherry formation in amateur gardens is called " spanish bush”, as it was developed in Spain. It represents a short trunk, on which a crown is formed in the form of a bowl.

Step-by-step guide to forming a "Spanish bush":

1. When planting, cut the seedling at a height of 60-70 cm.
2. In the first year, when the seedling takes root, leave 4 lateral shoots on it, giving the tree a cupped shape.
3. It is necessary that in the first year the shoots grow at least 60 cm.
4. The rest of the shoots growing from the stem, remove the ring.

As a result of the formation of the "Spanish bush", a plant will be obtained on a low stem with four skeletal branches. The branches growing inside the bush can be removed completely or, if the tree is young, shortened to 10-15 cm. When the tree grows, the internal branches must be removed if fruit formations do not form from them.

Each skeletal branch of sweet cherry can bear fruit for no more than 10 years, after which it must be cut down and replaced with a new one. The culture bears fruit on fruit formations - fruits.

Fruit - short branch, on the side or at the end of which there is flower buds. They form the main crop of cherries. The fruit is slow growing, grows no more than 1 cm per year, but is durable.

Pruning should be done in such a way as to preserve the fruits. They try to remove berries from the tree without damaging the fruit formations, since the size of the crop depends on their number on the tree.

Sweet cherries may also have another type of fruit formations - bouquet twigs. Their length reaches 8 cm. For comparison, the length of the bouquet branches of plums and apricots is on average 4 cm.

The life expectancy of each bouquet twig is 5-6 years. Each of them has fruit buds, and at the tip there is one growth bud. Fruit buds die after fruiting, and a new shoot can form from the growth bud.

Cherry grafting

There are few seedlings of varieties suitable for the middle lane. Horticultural firms offer seedlings brought from Moldova. They do not take root well not only in central Russia, but even in warm Ukraine.

It makes sense to breed cherries on your own, especially since there are no particular difficulties in this matter. Culture lends itself spring vaccination cuttings on cherry rootstocks. Scion - a branch of sweet cherry suitable variety You can borrow from neighbors or friends.

Cherry grafting methods:

• in summer - a sleeping eye;
• in winter and spring - with a cutting (copulation, splitting, butt, in a side cut).

Good results are obtained by grafting sweet cherries into the crown of Magaleb or antipka cherries, but this operation requires a lot of experience.

What is the cherry afraid of?

Cherry almost does not get sick. The only weak point of culture is thermophilicity. In terms of winter hardiness, the cherry tree is inferior to other rosaceous trees: apple, pear, cherry and plum.

Cherry grows best in areas with a mild warm climate. First of all, frost damages fruit buds. They die at -26. After cold winter the tree may survive, but there will be no berries on it. Wood freezes at temperatures below -30.

Cherries of the middle lane are afraid of winters without snow. Without snow shelter, the roots of a tree freeze slightly. This situation can develop when the autumn heat abruptly changes severe frosts, and there is little or no snow in the root zone. November frosts in snowless years can kill a tree.

The long February thaws are also dangerous, when the buds are preparing to leave the dormant state and can bloom and then die from frost. Blooming buds die if the temperature drops to -2.

Gardeners value cherries for their stable high yields and great berry flavor. Many people think that growing cherries in their garden is too time-consuming because of their demands on soil, weather, etc. These people are mistaken. For good development and abundant fruiting of sweet cherries do not need so much: a well-chosen variety, protection from the cold, necessary watering and top dressing.

How to choose a seedling for planting correctly

Cherry seedlings are best purchased at a local nursery that is engaged in the cultivation of planting material, and not in its resale.

In order for the cherry to bear fruit well, plant in your garden not one variety, but two or three, since pollination must be cross-pollinated.

Important! Choose a variety for planting that is oriented to the climate of your region. Take a seedling from a local nursery.

Strong roots are the key to the future health of the plant.

There are many similarities between cherry and cherry seedlings. In order not to confuse, carefully inspect the selected seedling. The cherry tree is usually taller, has erect branches, the color of the bark is reddish-brown, while the cherry bark is gray- Brown. A healthy plant has a smooth bark that shows no signs of disease or freezing.

• Do not take a seedling that is too old , the optimal age is no more than two years. It should be about 0.8 m high, with three or four well developed shoots. To make sure that the seedling is really varietal, find the grafted area.
• look around root system saplings , it must be healthy, have several branches of at least 20 cm in length. Dried, rotten or frozen roots indicate the non-viability of the seedling - it should not be taken.
• For central Russia and regions close to the north, you should choose cold-resistant and late-flowering cherry variety so that return spring frosts do not harm the trees.

Location selection

If you plant cherries in wrong place she won't survive. So take your choice of location seriously.

It is good if the cherry seedling is closed by some building from the cold north wind.

What you should pay attention to when choosing a place for planting cherries:

• the most suitable direction is south or southwest side site;
• draft at the landing site is unacceptable;
• good access to sunlight;
• cherries do not like waterlogging, so groundwater should lie at a depth of more than 1.5 m.

It would be nice to plant a cherry seedling on a small hill near the southern wall of a house or some building. The hill can be man-made: just fill in a half-meter mound and plant cherries.

How to prepare the soil

For proper development and abundant fruiting, plant cherries on fertile loam or sandy loam, it is desirable that the soil acidity is close to neutral.

Cherries grow well in light, fertile soils.

The earth must be light highly absorbent and breathable. Cherries should not be planted on peat, deep sandstone and heavy clay soil, they simply will not take root.

If you plan to plant cherries in the spring, then prepare the planting site in the fall: dig it up, fertilize it with organic matter (manure or compost) and mineral fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate). With high acidity of the soil, add fluffy lime or chalk, the acidity will decrease. When planting in the fall, the same should be done in mid-August, so that the seedling can be planted in mid-September.

How to plant cherries

Cherry planting time varies by region.

• In the southern region the best time for planting - autumn, so that before frost the seedling gets stronger and can survive the winter.
• In central Russia spring planting is recommended, around the end of April, until the buds swell. If you plant several cherry trees, make sure that there is at least 3 m between them.

10-14 days before planting the seedling, prepare a hole 0.6 m deep and about 1 m wide, during which time the soil will settle.

Make a drainage layer at the bottom of the pit.

Before boarding:

Lightly tamp the soil in the hole and pour 1-2 buckets of water into it. After that, fill the trunk circle with mulch (peat, humus).

In a two-year-old seedling, you need to slightly cut the branches, focusing on the central leader.. If you plant with a delay in terms, then pruning is not recommended, it is better to do it next spring.

After spring planting the seedling is pruned (a), new branches grow by autumn (b).

Advice! If the roots of the seedling are slightly dry, then before planting, hold it for several hours in water.

In order not to provoke the active growth of shoots in the fall, do not get carried away fresh manure and large doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Cherries take better spring top dressing. In the second half of September, the cultivation of the land in the near-trunk circle should be completed, as the tree begins to prepare for winter. To make this task easier, feed the sweet cherry with phosphorus fertilizer. To do this, add superphosphate in granules (4-5 tablespoons).

Cherry care and pruning in the first year after planting

Cherry pruning scheme from the first to the fifth years of life.

After you have finished planting the seedling, you need to prune to balance the aboveground and underground parts of the plant. To begin with, take a close look at the tree, mark 3 or 4 branches that are successfully located, in your opinion, and shorten them by a third.

Keep in mind that the length of the branch after pruning should not be less than 40 cm.

Everything else can be cut without stumps. Trim the center conductor so that it rises above the skeletal branch by 20–25 cm .

The next spring, before the buds begin to swell, formative pruning is carried out by shortening the shoots that have grown by half in a year. This will stimulate the formation of side branches for laying the crop.

Important! In the autumn-winter period, pruning cannot be carried out. It is done only in early spring, until the buds begin to swell.

crown formation

Until the tree begins to bear fruit, form a longline crown: every spring, prune last year's shoots, shortening them by 1/5 of their length.

When the tree reaches height 3–3.5 m trim the main conductor to contain growth.

Until the age of 5, a cherry tree usually does not require crown thinning. After 5 years he needs sanitary pruning, during which the removal of damaged and incorrectly growing branches occurs.

Attention! It is important that the angle between the shoot and the trunk is not less than 45°. Branches extending from the trunk at a lower angle should be cut so that they do not break under the weight of the berries.

Branch broke

If it turned out that the branch broke, remove it, clean the cut and process with garden pitch.

Well-groomed cherry tree.

With the onset of spring and autumn, do not forget to whitewash the trunk of a cherry tree, before the onset of winter, cover them, protecting them from rodents. Keep the near-trunk circle clean, periodically cleaning fallen leaves from it, loosen and water in time - and then the cherry will thank you good harvest delicious berries.

Probably, every person who has even a small piece of land near the house would like to plant a garden there. Cherry is one of the most popular garden trees. Sometimes it is confused with cherries, but this different plants. This culture is distinguished not only by its useful properties but also beauty. To provide the tree with proper care, you need to know what year the cherry bears fruit after planting.

Beneficial features

Consider why it is useful to have cherries in your garden and what riches its fruits hide in themselves:

• Cherry drupes are rich in organic acids such as malic, succinic, salicylic and others.
• Berries are rich in vitamins A, C, PP, B2 and B9.
• The fruits contain minerals and trace elements: calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper.
• They contain a lot of glucose, fructose, pectin, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.
• Cherries are used to treat nervous system, some gastric diseases, bronchial asthma, etc.
• Cherry fruits are used to strengthen the immune system.

Cherry is a real treasury of various useful elements, so it simply has to grow in the garden and bear fruit.

Varieties

One of the criteria that is used when choosing a variety is the fruiting time.

Classify early, middle and late varieties of maturation.

1. Early: English early, Kent, Griot Ligelya, In memory of Enikeev, etc. The fruits begin to ripen at the end of June.
2. Medium: Melitopol Dessert, Melitopol Griot, Volochaevka, Moscow Griot. These varieties bear fruit in late July - early August and produce a quality crop.
3. Later: Generous, Rusinka, Robin, Toy, Erudite. Ripen in late August - early September. They have tasty and large fruits.

Terms and rules of landing

Fruiting depends on when and how the cherry was planted. It is better to do this in the spring, in mid-April. Seedlings can be bought both in spring and autumn. If young trees are bought in the fall, then they are recommended to be buried for the winter. Shelter for them can serve as spruce branches.

Landing pits are prepared in the fall. Cherries are planted when the earth has warmed up, and the buds have not yet blossomed.

The soil

Cherry can grow in one place up to 20-25 years, so you can not make a mistake when choosing a place to plant.

Cherry grows well on soil with neutral acidity, prefers sandy or loamy, well-drained soil. It is better to pre-lime the soil in order to reduce its acidity. To do this, dig the soil to a depth of approximately 15–20 cm, mixing it with 400 g of lime or dolomite flour(per 1 m2). Add organic fertilizers. It can be compost or manure. Cherries should not be planted in lowlands where a humid microclimate prevails, or in windy areas. Cherry does not like drafts and prefers a well-lit area.

Landing

For planting, it is recommended to dig a hole with a diameter of 70 cm and a depth of 50 cm. Organic fertilizers can be added. The tree should be planted in such a way that root collar was 4–5 cm above ground level. And also you need to dig a peg in the center of the pit, which will serve as a support for the tree, and tie a cherry to it.

tree care

Trees need good care to grow healthy. After planting, in the first year of growth, it is watered, the ground is mulched with peat or humus. A feature of the cherry tree is the rapid growth of shoots. Because of this, the crown of the tree thickens greatly. In this case, the fruits of the cherry will be small, the harvest will be poor, or the tree will not bear fruit at all. If the crown is well sparse, the fruits will be larger, the bouquet twigs and foliage are healthier, so you need to cut the branches if the shoots are more than 50 cm long.

If upon landing landing pit humus was introduced and mineral fertilizers, then for the first time 2–3 years before the start of fruiting, fertilizers are not recommended to be applied. During the fruiting period, the plant should receive a large number of nutrients. It is best to familiarize yourself with the methods of applying fertilizers and choose the best ones.

Do not forget to loosen the earth in the trunk circle. This will help the roots to better absorb water and breathe.

Fruiting

Usually the tree begins to bear fruit after planting after 3-4 years. With good care, the tree can bear fruit 2 years after planting. Depending on the age and variety of the plant, we can talk about the level of productivity of the tree. From 6–7 years old, the active phase of plant life begins, which is characterized by a large number of berries. With high-quality agricultural technology, which consists in proper care, the timing may shift.

But it may happen that your tree did not bear fruit after planting. The reasons for this can be very diverse.

1. Poor quality planting material.
2. Poor landing site.
3. care mistakes.
4. Unsuccessful pruning.
5. Weather conditions (frost, rain or drought).
6. Lack of a pollinator (it is better to plant two trees at once not far from each other).

findings

Now you know how much time and effort it will take to harvest the first crop from your tree. By providing cherry trees with the right care, you can speed up the ripening time of the fruit and get a rich harvest from your own garden.

Cherry - a fruit tree belonging to the genus Plums and the Pink family, is considered the closest relative of the cherry.

This heat-loving plant is also known as "bird cherry".

It reaches a height of 10 to 25 meters, has a lush crown of dark green leaves, blooms profusely and bears fruit with sweet and juicy berries.

This is one of the most ancient cherry varieties known to the world.

The plant is very popular due to the unpretentiousness of cultivation, fertility and high organoleptic qualities of the fruit.

See what it looks like mature tree garden cherries in the images below:

Photo gallery

The value of cherry fruits (with photo)

The berry of any kind of sweet cherry has a special value for the human body, because it has a unique composition of vitamins.

High levels of iron provide beneficial effects on circulatory system and hemoglobin level. The fructose contained in its composition not only gives a sweet taste, but is also allowed for use by children, diabetics and nursing mothers. Beneficial effect on the condition intestinal tract helping to cleanse it.

For a detailed review, study the photos of ripe cherries, which are presented below:

Photo gallery

The berries of this fruit tree have a valuable chemical composition, which makes them so useful, dietary and in demand in the diet:

• they practically do not contain fat, but are rich in carbohydrates (up to 16%);
• the berry is rich in organic acids and useful sugars (fructose and sucrose);
• contains vitamins: C, E, group B. The composition contains iodine, iron, sodium, calcium and potassium.

Cherry has a large amount of pectin, which contribute to the process of gelation.

What does a cherry fruit tree look like: what kind of berries and leaves does it have

Description garden tree cherries must start with general characteristics appearance. This woody plant is an individual with an average height of 12-14 m, with a lush crown in the shape of an ellipse, densely covered with leaves. It has a horizontal root system, which, with age, can also spread vertically deep into the soil. It grows quickly and unpretentious.

The bark is thin, brown in color with a small amount of peeling on the surface. Shoots can be formed both with the presence of one internode, and one by one (such shoots are longer).

Take a close look at the photo of an adult cherry tree, this will help in its detailed study:

Photo gallery

The fruits are round or slightly elongated, with juicy sweet pulp, thin skin and a spherical bone inside. The juice is almost transparent and fragrant. The color of the berry can range from yellow to maroon. It depends on the type of tree and the ripeness of the fruit.

It is not difficult to imagine what kind of leaves a cherry tree has, because this is the most close relative cherries. They are oval with one pointed end, thin and wrinkled with pronounced veins, but slightly lighter in color than cherry foliage. The edge is slightly "ragged" with a zigzag cut. In length reach 14-15 cm.

How healthy cherry leaves look like can be judged based on the color and shape of the leaf itself. Normally, the foliage has a uniform color, has elasticity and a sufficient amount of cell sap.

Signs of pests may include:

• sharp yellowing of the leaves and their dryness during flowering or fruiting;
• the appearance of red and brown small spots;
• the presence of dry holes in the sheets;
• swelling and growths on the foliage.

For a more detailed understanding, look at the photo depicting healthy cherry leaves:

Photo gallery

What year does the cherry bear fruit after planting, and what is the yield from one tree

One of the most beautiful and important periods for fruit trees is the flowering time. After all, the amount of the future harvest depends on it. Sweet cherries are self-fertile trees that require other trees for pollination. So the best way to achieve full pollination of flowers, several specimens will be planted in the garden with a simultaneous flowering period.

Cherry blossoms in normal comfortable conditions happens abundantly. The crown of the tree is covered with lush greenery and umbrellas of white flowers, reaching up to 2.5-3 cm in diameter. Inside each there are 4-5 yellow stamens and 1 pistil. In spite of family ties cherries and cherries, pollination between them is possible only one-sided. Cherry individuals are not capable of pollinating cherries, but pollen from the cherry tree may well fertilize cherry blossoms.

The timing of the flowering of cherry trees depends on its variety and place of growth. The first flowers appear in southern trees in mid-April, and in more northern plants- closer to the middle of May. Stable flowering occurs at an average air temperature during the day of 18-20 degrees. This “beautiful period” lasts from 20 to 25 days on average, but there are varieties whose flowering period is no more than two weeks. The first flowers appear a little earlier than the first young leaves bloom. With its lush white color, this plant attracts a lot of insect attention. Compared to other stone fruits fruit crops, sweet cherry - in first place in terms of quantity and quality of nectar. Also, the color of the cherry is valued among beekeepers due to its abundant and valuable honey plant.

To visually examine the description cherry blossoms look at the photos below:

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The yield per tree depends on a number of factors:

• landing sites;
• tree age;
• degree of care.

In addition to the right place for planting a tree in the garden, you need to choose the right one for weather grade. If these are the northern and eastern stripes of the country, then the selected variety must be frost-resistant in order to survive the cold.

It does well with moderate fertilization, but does not tolerate overly fertilized soils. In addition, this variety of fruit tree loves the light, so you should not plant it in the shady side of the garden.

The active fruiting of the cherry tree begins from late June to mid-July and at the age of 7-8 years, but already from the age of five, small crops may appear. Unlike many fruit trees, sweet cherries produce a crop every year. At correct pruning, fertilizer and watering, fruiting activity can increase over the years (up to 50 kg). The amount of harvest depends on the type of tree, some bear fruit from an early age, and some only for 11 or 12 years.

Therefore, in order to know what year after planting the sweet cherry actively bears fruit, find out the name and features of the variety. So, for example, from the age of 5, varieties such as Zhabule, Golden Cherry and Franz Josef bear fruit. At 8-9 years old high yield white Bordeaux and black Dibera are distinguished. At the age of 10 years, in principle, everything begins to bear fruit. garden varieties if this does not happen, then pay attention to the condition of the tree: it may be affected by pests.

The yield of healthy cherries in adulthood from one tree can reach 20 kg per season, but especially high yielding varieties can give up to 50 kg. This amount depends on the degree of pollination of flowers during the flowering period. That is why it is best to plant several trees different sort, so they will mutually pollinate, and thereby bring large quantity harvest.

Where and how cherries grow, a list of popular varieties

Where cherries grow best can be judged based on the climate of the region. Since this is a heat-loving plant that does not like shade, it grows best on the sunny slopes of southern Europe, the Crimea, Iran, Turkey and Asia, and in general in stripes with a warm dry climate. Less common culture in America, Africa and Australia. It can grow in the forests in the wild, outwardly it differs from the garden one in smaller crown dimensions and smaller berries.

Sweet cherries do not grow well in both sandy and putrefactive moist soil. She does not like excessive moisture or dryness. She likes loose fertile soil, with the ability to spread the roots deep into the layers.

This plant is very common in our area due to its tasty and healthy fruits.

Based on the characteristics of the crop, all fruit varieties are divided into groups:

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Gini includes varieties with very tender flesh that have sweet and soft berries. They have high organoleptic qualities, but lose them during storage. The shelf life is very short, which makes such berries unsuitable for transportation. This group mainly includes varieties with early ripening fruits.

Bigarro is a group of sweet cherries with more dense structure berries that are sweet and juicy in taste. Such varieties are widely used not only fresh, but also for conservation. At heat treatment the pulp of such berries does not boil soft and retains the shape of the fruit.

The most popular and common fruit varieties of garden cherry trees:

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This is not the whole list, breeders have more than 4000 varieties of this delicious berries. All of them are good and durable in their own way. Such a tree grows and bears fruit up to 100 years, which makes it possible to enjoy delicious and beneficial fruits not one generation.