The main diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

According to statistics, almost 90% of the urban population of the Earth suffer from various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And in most cases, they develop during life under the influence of adverse factors.

Types of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

All diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are divided into organic and functional. Organic are ulcers, gastritis, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), cancer, that is, diseases associated with organ damage. Functional diseases are a violation of the function of an organ without a change in its structure. For example, these include irritable bowel symptom and functional dyspepsia.

Organic disorders

Gastritis

More than 50% of the world's adult population suffers from it.

The essence of the problem: cell regeneration processes are disrupted, inflammation of the gastric mucosa begins.

Causes: Helicobacter pylori, malnutrition, smoking and alcohol abuse, prolonged stress, prolonged medication, metabolic diseases, chronic food allergies, etc.

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract today.

The essence of the problem: in GERD, there is a constant reflux of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, and as a result, damage to the lower esophagus develops.

Causes: stress, smoking, obesity, malnutrition (an abundance of fatty foods), alcohol, constant oblique posture (for example, during work), pregnancy, impaired evacuation of food from the stomach, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and weakening of the sphincter - the muscle that blocks the esophagus in place transition to the stomach.

The lifestyle of a modern person often leads to the development of many diseases. In particular, low physical activity, improper and irregular nutrition, unfavorable ecological environment negatively affect the body, which eventually becomes difficult to maintain its normal mode of operation.

This disease manifests itself in the form of an inflammatory process covering the mucous membrane of the organ. In most cases, gastritis manifests itself in a chronic form. Often, gastritis causes the development of other gastric diseases. In the case of gastritis, the patient may complain of the following symptoms:

• feeling of heaviness in the stomach
• vomit
• nausea
• pain in the stomach

It is important to remember that many pathologies of the stomach, occurring in remission, have practically no signs of manifestation. Nevertheless, destructive processes continue in the organ even when there are no symptoms of this.

Gastritis

Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease - a lot!

In the case of gastritis, against the background of low acidity of the organ, various formations are formed on the lining of the stomach - tumors and polyps. Food is not digested sufficiently, the digestion process deteriorates, the patient may suffer from anemia.

When sick. proceeding with increased acidity, hydrochloric acid corrodes the walls of the organ, erosion and ulcers form. In especially severe cases, perforation of the stomach is possible - the formation of a hole, as a result of which the contents of the organ flow into the abdominal cavity.

Ulcer

Behind gastritis, in the list of diseases of the stomach, are ulcers and erosions, also called peptic ulcers. They are damage that occurs on the mucous membrane of the organ, or else. The difference between an ulcer and erosion is in the degree of tissue damage. In the case of erosion, shallow damage to the mucosa occurs, which does not affect the underlying tissues.

The main sign of the occurrence of ulcers is acute pain that haunts the patient both when his stomach is empty and some time after it is filled with food. Peptic ulcers are characterized by seasonal exacerbations.

functional indigestion

Pathology of an organ, not accompanied by changes in the integrity of its shell. This disorder includes an abnormal change in the acidity of gastric juice, dyspepsia, various functions, hypotension, and vomiting. In case of functional diseases, the following symptoms appear:

• belching
• general weakness
• irritability
• temperature increase (in case of poisoning)

Most pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have similar symptoms. In order to accurately determine the disease, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist. This must be done in a timely manner, immediately after the slightest suspicion of the occurrence of pathology.

Intestinal diseases and their symptoms

Improper nutrition is the main cause of diseases of the digestive tract

The basis of a variety of bowel diseases is inflammation, which can be acute, chronic or infectious. In the process of development of the inflammatory phenomenon, not only one section of the intestine, but several at once, can be affected. Depending on the localization of inflammation, the disease has a specific name:

• enteritis
• sigmoiditis
• proctitis
• colitis
• typhlitis

As a result of inflammation, the mucous membrane of the affected intestine becomes hyperemic, edematous, discharge of a different nature can be produced: hemorrhagic, serous or purulent. In especially severe cases, frequently bleeding ulcers develop. If the development of the ulcer is not stopped, it eventually causes perforation of the affected area and the subsequent development of peritonitis. Intestinal pathologies negatively affect its functions:

1. digestion worsens
2. stops the absorption of nutrients
3. intestinal peristalsis worsens
4. there is an increase

The main signs of the occurrence of pathologies are:

• diarrhea
• constipation
• intestinal bleeding
• loss of appetite

Depending on the localization of the disease in the intestine, it has a specific name. In general, the symptoms of all diseases are similar and the main one is the occurrence of pain.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases

Since almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have fairly similar symptoms, it is necessary to consider each of them in more detail.

Nausea

Human intestine - schematic

This symptom can be defined as an unpleasant sensation, which is accompanied by increased salivation, general weakness, low pressure and is localized in the epigastric region. In the case of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, this symptom is a reflex, which indicates irritation of the receptors in the stomach or biliary tract.

There are many reasons for this unpleasant symptom. It often accompanies diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, tumor disease, pancreatitis,.

Vomit

The process by which the contents of the stomach are expelled through the mouth. If vomiting is caused as a result of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, then its occurrence is associated with the same reasons as the previous symptom. Frequent vomiting threatens the risk of dehydration and the occurrence of electrolyte imbalance in the body.

Belching

The process by which gases are released from the stomach through the mouth. Aerophagia - swallowing air while eating can also cause belching. This symptom may indicate a deterioration in the functioning of the upper sections of the stomach and other diseases.

Bitterness in the mouth

Symptoms of hepatic dyspepsia. Appears as a result of impaired motility of the gallbladder and excretory duct, stomach, duodenum. This symptom most often occurs with cholecystitis and. It is also possible its appearance in peptic ulcers of the organs.

Pain in the abdomen

Pain as a symptom of gastrointestinal disease

This symptom may indicate the development of any disease of the gastrointestinal tract. If the cause lies in the hollow organs - the stomach or intestines, then the occurrence of pain indicates a spasm of smooth muscles, or stretching of the walls of the organ.

This is usually observed in case of blood flow disorders, as well as in the presence of inflammation. When pathology affects a non-hollow organ - pancreas, etc., then the appearance of pain indicates an abnormal increase in the size of this organ.

Diarrhea

Frequent bowel movements, during which there is an increase in the volume of feces, as well as their liquefaction. The occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the rapid movement of food through the digestive tract, as a result of which the food does not have time to undergo normal processing, and the liquid is not absorbed normally. The most common cause is intestinal inflammation caused by viruses or bacteria.

In addition, the cause of diarrhea may be a digestive disorder, which is observed with pancreatitis or cholestasis. In some cases, diarrhea is a side effect of certain medications.

Constipation

A bowel condition that makes it difficult to empty. The feces become harder, the patient suffers from pain and flatulence. As a rule, constipation indicates a deterioration in the motility of the large intestine. Also, constipation can be caused. There are many types of constipation, each of which occurs with a particular disease.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by similar symptoms. If they occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The gastrointestinal tract is a part of the digestive system that plays an important role in the digestion process. When the functioning of this system deteriorates, the entire human body suffers and the quality of life deteriorates. have certain symptoms, knowing which you can timely detect the fact of the onset of the disease and prevent its further development by contacting a gastroenterologist.

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Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract(gastrointestinal tract) are currently the most common pathologies in the world. And no matter what symptoms they manifest, in what form they occur (mild or severe), practically every person (95% of the population) suffers from these diseases.
Among other things, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the causes of other pathologies: immune, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular and other systems.

The processes that occur in our body are a consequence of the digestion process and it becomes clear that the normal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is the beginning of the beginnings on which human health and its condition depend.

Gastrointestinal diseases: classification

The classification of pathologies of this group is elementary. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are distinguished:

1. According to the localization of the course of the disease.
- diseases of the stomach;
- diseases of the esophagus;
- diseases of the large and small intestines;
- diseases of the biliary tract and liver.

2. For reasons of occurrence:
- infectious;
- non-infectious.

3. According to the intensity of the pathological process:
- acute form;
- moderate form.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: causes

In order of importance, the causes of gastrointestinal diseases are listed in this order:

1. Improper nutrition.
This is the main cause of all pathologies of our gastrointestinal tract, and this cause has the following aspects: insufficient or excessive food intake; wrong diet; improper diet; deficiency of nutrients in food; a huge amount of preservatives and various artificial substances in food; a small amount of plant fiber in food ...

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as a rule, are the result of a violation of its beneficial microflora, which leads to the predominance of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, which, in turn, cause various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and after that, immune, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular and other diseases. body systems.

Transfer factor is an immunomodulator, which is based on molecules of the same name - components of our immune system. Once in the body, this drug:
- restores immunity and the normal course of metabolic processes of the body;
- enhances the therapeutic effect of the drugs used, contributing to the normalization of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract;
- neutralizes possible side effects from the therapy used (no matter what).

It remains to be said that the listed drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases have no contraindications, do not cause any side effects, are not addictive and overdose is impossible, these are 100% natural drugs that we recommend using not only in the complex therapy of gastrointestinal tract pathologies, but and for their prevention.

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases

1. Eat right.
This point of prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract includes adherence to the regimen and diet. Eat more often, but eat in small amounts. Eat 5-6 times a day, but do not overeat.
Limit yourself to eating fried, smoked, fatty and salty foods. Increase your fiber intake (vegetables, fruits, cereals, bran bread).

2. Control your weight.
Calculate your body mass index and stick to it, fight obesity, lose weight, but do it right (!!!).

3. Minimize your alcohol intake.
And if you have a gastrointestinal disease, but refuse it (and urgently).

4. Stop smoking.

5. Avoid stressful situations.
Review your life and understand one thing: there is nothing more valuable for you and your loved ones than your health in this life, and no problems are worth your nervous costs.

6. Lead an active lifestyle.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are caused by low physical activity of a person (including). And as a preventive measure for these diseases, do exercises in the morning, do jogging in the evenings, and if you have a "sedentary" job, try to do warm-up exercises in an hour or two for 5-10 minutes.

7. Consume probiotic and prebiotic supplements on a regular basis.
Our digestive tract needs a constant supply of beneficial microorganisms.

Flatulence

One of the most common symptoms of various disorders of the stomach and intestines is flatulence, or in other words, bloating. This is a condition in which a sick person, from excessive accumulation of gases, feels bursting inside himself. As a rule, flatulence is accompanied by pain in the form of contractions, which subside after their departure. Also, the condition is characterized by a feeling of unprecedented heaviness and often manifests itself along with hiccups and belching.

Nausea

Vomit

A very unpleasant phenomenon, which is an involuntary ejection through the pharynx and mouth of everything that was in the stomach. As a rule, it is accompanied by frequent breathing, sharp pains in the abdomen, increased salivation. True, after the release of vomit, the patient feels relief. Vomiting is usually a sign of many diseases and poisonings. It happens that it is not possible to stop it without the intervention of health workers.

Therefore, it is important to understand that prolonged vomiting is a very serious symptom, therefore, self-medication in this case is strictly prohibited. Especially if what comes out has impurities of mucus, blood or bile.

By the way, vomiting can occur even with strong excitement or a surge of emotions. For many women in a position in the early stages, this is generally normal.

Heartburn

This irritating symptom appears when the patient has an excessive release of gastric juice, that is, acidity increases. Heartburn is a kind of uncomfortable burning sensation in the upper esophagus. Sometimes people suffering from heartburn feel a lump in the throat, which presses hard and delivers very unpleasant sensations. They especially annoy the patient with gastrointestinal disorders when a person bends down to pick up or do something. In this position of the body, it only intensifies and irritates even more.

But keep in mind - such a common occurrence as heartburn can cause holes in the stomach, intestines (ulcers) and even cancer of the digestive system.

Bad breath

Every inhabitant of the planet faces this problem. The fact is that bad breath, as a rule, occurs when a person is extremely hungry ... we are not talking about non-compliance with hygiene measures. In another way, this condition is also called halitosis.

The development of this unpleasant symptom is facilitated by various ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. And both in adults and children. Bad-smelling breath usually occurs in patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, problems with the pancreas, namely in the state of acetonomic syndrome and other diseases. In general, doctors calculated that in 50% of cases, bad breath comes from when there are certain disorders in the digestive tract.

Salivation disorders

Xerostomia or difficult salivation, and vice versa - an increased secretory reflex - is a mandatory accompaniment of many gastrointestinal disorders. Especially violations of salivation are manifested in the presence of gastritis in a person, certain types of cholecystitis and other similar pathologies. Also, increased salivation can occur with ulcers, inflammation of the pancreas, etc.

Such an unpleasant symptom is most often manifested with accompanying symptoms - heartburn or belching, which only indicates that a person develops a pathology of the digestive system. Usually, problems with salivation go away on their own, as soon as the patient's period of exacerbation of the disease begins to subside.

Language changes

This sign of gastrointestinal pathologies is the most common and, as a rule, occurs with gastritis, ulcers and other digestive ailments. It is simply impossible not to notice changes in the oral cavity. Indeed, with such violations, plaque, hyperemia, edema, or even peculiar wounds appear on the tongue. The color of this organ also changes - in the presence of diseases of the stomach and intestines, it can acquire a grayish tint or very white with a characteristic yellowness. So, in the presence of an ulcer in a patient, a strong plaque and swelling appear on the tongue, and with gastritis, hypertrophy of the fungiform papillae, small dots on its surface, is also added to this.

It is believed that changes on the lingual surface in the mouth are the earliest symptom that indicates the development of bad gastrointestinal pathologies in the body.

hiccup

Specific contractions of the diaphragm, characterized by the involuntary expulsion of excess air that entered the stomach with food or resulting from increased gas formation. Therefore, hiccups are one of the main symptoms of many gastrointestinal disorders, for example, stomach overflow with food or severe intoxication. In any case, if the hiccups are not long-term, then apart from discomfort and annoyance, it will not cause much trouble. But when such a physiological reaction is too long and exhausting, it is better to contact a gastroenterologist and undergo an appropriate examination.

Bitterness in the mouth

One of the unpleasant manifestations of digestive pathologies. Its presence, constant or rare, is another reason to seek medical help. After all, a bitter taste in the mouth is associated with a malfunction of the gallbladder or problems with the liver. Most often occurs with cholecystitis and pancreatitis, indicating that bile is released into the stomach. This symptom is also characteristic of peptic ulcer disease.

Skin itching

As mentioned above, such a phenomenon is also a symptom of disorders in the digestive system. As a rule, pruritus occurs with pathologies of the kidneys, liver, pancreas, worms or disturbances in the metabolic processes of the body. An itchy focus can occur in one place or spread to several points.

Therefore, as soon as you notice such a “need” in yourself, you need to be examined in order to identify the disease at the initial stage. Although, if skin itching has a prolonged course, then this may indicate chronic ailments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Jaundice

It appears when, as a result of the development of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, the outflow of bile from the biliary tract into the duodenum is disturbed. At the same time, it simply stagnates and bilirubin (bile pigment) enters the bloodstream, staining the skin and sclera of the eyes in a characteristic yellow color.

A frequent occurrence in disorders of the human digestive system. It is characterized by frequent, mostly watery stools. Diarrhea in a patient appears when food is poorly digested, moves very quickly through the gastrointestinal tract, not having time to digest properly. Usually, this condition is provoked by viruses and bacteria present in the inflamed intestine. And a similar manifestation accompanies pancreatitis, intoxication or cholestasis.

By the way, diarrhea is also a symptom of other disorders of the human body, such as stress, climate change or diet, taking certain medications. In any case, such an important sign cannot be ignored, because it can provoke an even more serious illness.

Rumbling in the stomach

Every person has this symptom. We are used to thinking that rumbling means that a person is hungry. But sometimes such specific sounds from the abdomen indicate the occurrence of a serious illness.

Usually the cause of annoying rumbling is a disease of the gallbladder (the presence of stones in it), colitis, enteritis, or pancreatitis again.

That is, this phenomenon is a kind of accompaniment to the above mentioned symptoms of esophageal diseases - flatulence, diarrhea, etc. Depending on in which area of ​​​​the abdomen you feel rumbling sounds, you can pre-diagnose one or another pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

Constipation

Disturbances in the digestive tract can sometimes be accompanied by difficult bowel activity - constipation. You should pay attention to this if you have not had a bowel movement for more than 48 hours. Constipation is also considered the discharge of very hard stools, which come out with very strong and unpleasant pain.

There are many reasons for this state of the body, but the most common of them are stomach or duodenal ulcers, dysbacteriosis, oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, or irritable bowel syndrome.

Pain in the abdomen

In general, with characteristic diseases of the entire digestive system, the very first sign indicating digestive disorders is the so-called epigastric pain. As a rule, they appear with serious disorders and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, and with the slightest disorder or poisoning. Pain in the abdomen can be either cramping or aching in nature.

Their presence can say a lot: about a peptic ulcer, and about an increase or damage to the liver, and about the fact that the intestines or biliary tract in the patient's body are too active.

Itching of the anus

But if you feel pain in the abdomen, and at the same time you are worried about itching near the anus, look for the cause in the intestines. The most likely cause of this may be diseases of the rectum and the anus itself. If your anus itself and the area around it are irritated all the time, then these may well be warts or condylomas, which, during defecation, are touched by feces and begin to itch. The most banal reason for this depressing phenomenon is, of course, worms.

Pathological impurities in the feces

But the appearance of this symptom already indicates more serious ailments. In modern medicine, they include pieces of undigested food, mucus, blood, pus. The last two "contents" in the feces of a sick person indicate a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the esophagus. Also, blood and pus in the stool may be present when a person has dysentery, an ulcer, hemorrhoids, or a fissure in the rectum.

This is a serious enough symptom that requires immediate medical attention.

Tenesmus or false urges

It is also a characteristic sign of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. Occurs as a result of violations of muscle contractions and contributes to the formation of the urge to defecate. As a rule, apart from pain, they do not bring anything good to the patient and are accompanied by a complete absence of feces.

Belching

A frequent and characteristic phenomenon in every person. This is a kind of release through the mouth of excess gases from the stomach when it is saturated with food. Accompanied by a characteristic unpleasant sound, which speaks not only of the patient's bad manners, but also of the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.

Although it is also present in pathologies of the cardiovascular, liver and gallbladder.

Dysphagia

This is also an important symptom of digestive pathologies. It presents with difficulty swallowing. The causes may be various lesions of the esophagus: foreign bodies, cicatricial narrowing or tumors. But the most common cause of this phenomenon is gastroesophageal reflux disease, which also requires medical intervention.

The gastrointestinal tract performs the most important functions in the human body. Diseases of this part of the digestive system are conditions in which the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is affected, severe complications develop. They threaten not only health, but also the life of the patient.

There are several types of diseases that affect the human stomach and intestines. There is no strict classification of conditions, but doctors distinguish between acute and chronic conditions. The first develop suddenly, are accompanied by severe symptoms, often threaten the patient's life.

Chronic diseases usually develop slowly, are the result of violations from other organs and are complicated. The patient may not notice the signs for a long time, which also aggravates the condition.

The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the following:

In addition to diseases, damage to the inner walls of the digestive tract may be associated with the appearance of a benign or malignant neoplasm.

Stages and degrees

Gastrointestinal diseases proceed in several stages, regardless of the type of condition. The initial degree is characterized by the absence of symptoms that could be a reason to see a doctor. The patient leads a normal life, but the mucous membrane has already changed.

The progressive stage is usually accompanied by the appearance of severe symptoms. The patient is worried about nausea, vomiting and pain in the stomach and intestines. Gradually, his condition worsens, the symptoms become more pronounced, appetite worsens.

At the advanced stage, the patient is exhausted, dehydrated, often in a horizontal position. At this stage of the disease, treatment is complicated and lasts a long time.

It is worth noting that with an acute form of pathology, all stages develop rapidly, so the disease quickly passes into a neglected form. In the chronic course, the symptoms are mild. But this type is not considered safer, since it often leads to the development of complications.

Symptoms

With the development of one of the gastrointestinal diseases, the patient may be disturbed by various symptoms, which depends on the specific disease and the degree of its neglect.

The most common manifestations will be the following:

Among the external manifestations of diseases, deterioration of the skin, dryness and peeling can be distinguished. With a long course of the disease, the patient has brittle nails and hair, the appearance of a rash on the face. Sometimes the skin becomes icteric, since pathologies of the stomach and intestines often provoke complications from the liver and gallbladder.

The patient's abdomen may be swollen, when touched, he feels a sharp pain. If the condition is associated with bleeding, the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are tense, the patient becomes pale, the skin is moist. The patient is in the supine position, when trying to probe the stomach and intestines, severe and sharp pain is noted.

With bleeding, loose stools are also noted, which in medicine are called "coffee grounds". Such a phrase very accurately describes bowel movements, which, in color and consistency, really resemble coffee grounds. An additional symptom of bleeding will be a sharp decrease in blood pressure to critical levels.

Causes

Gastrointestinal diseases are the result of various causes and predisposing factors. Specialists can only determine the cause of bleeding. In most cases, it develops as a result of severe damage to the lining of the stomach and intestines, which leads to the release of blood. In addition, heavy physical exertion can be the cause.

Other diseases of the digestive tract are usually caused by other causes.

The main ones will be:

One or more causes will certainly provoke disorders of the digestive tract.

Diagnostics

Gastrointestinal disorders are quite difficult to diagnose in the absence of symptoms. Diseases may not appear for a long time. For examination, various methods are used to accurately determine the cause of the disorder.

Method	Description	Cost, venue
General examination and questioning of the patient	The first step is to identify the cause of the disorder. The specialist listens to the patient's complaints, the duration of their manifestation. After that, he examines the skin, mucous membranes and tongue of the patient.	Usually, payment for the examination is not required, an examination is carried out in any medical institution
Clinical blood test	General analysis helps to detect deviations from the internal organs.	It is carried out in every clinic, in a private one the price is approximately 200 rubles.
Biochemical analysis	For analysis, blood is taken from a vein, the result allows you to see violations of the liver, pancreas. With disorders of the stomach and intestines, complications almost always develop.	Available for holding in every clinic, the price in a private institution is approximately 200-300 rubles.
A study to detect Helicobacter pylori in the body	The bacterium can be detected by diagnosing feces and blood. For an accurate result, both methods are used, but sometimes it is enough to study blood from a vein for antibodies produced by the body against bacteria.	It is carried out in public and private clinics. The second offer diagnostics for 400 rubles.
FGDS	Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is the most effective method. In this case, the patient is offered to swallow a probe, at the tip of which there is a miniature camera. Thanks to her, the image is displayed on the monitor, the specialist studies the condition of the gastric mucosa and duodenum.	In a public clinic, the study is usually free of charge. In private it costs about 300 rubles.
MRI with contrast agent	The technique is effective and common when other methods have failed to determine the disease and its presumed cause. In this case, the entire digestive tract is studied using a magnetic field. To obtain a clearer picture, a contrast agent is injected intravenously, which is concentrated in the affected area.	It is carried out in clinics where there is appropriate equipment. The price is approximately 1000-1300 rubles.

The most effective method is MRI and FGDS.

Thanks to such an examination, it is possible to accurately determine the site of the lesion and the degree of neglect of the condition.

When to see a doctor

If there are disorders of the digestive tract, it is recommended not to postpone a visit to the doctor. Such diseases are treated by a gastroenterologist, but in the absence of such a narrow specialist in the locality, the therapist is involved in the treatment.

If the patient has signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance, which will take the patient to the hospital of the surgical department. Do not postpone a visit to a specialist, even if there are no acute symptoms of the disease.

Prevention

Gastrointestinal diseases are much easier to prevent than to treat. To do this, it is necessary to normalize the diet, to abandon harmful products. It is important to exclude canned food, smoked meats and carbonated drinks from the menu. In addition, you should minimize the amount of alcohol consumed.

One of the most important methods of prevention is the elimination of stress.

It is recommended to remain calm in any situation so as not to provoke the production of hydrochloric acid. If you need to work the night shift, you should try not to stick to such a schedule on weekends so that the body does not adapt to such a schedule.

During treatment with antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it is necessary to additionally take medications that protect the gastric mucosa. They will help prevent organ damage during treatment.

Patients who abuse tobacco products are advised to give up addiction.

Treatment Methods

To treat diseases of the digestive tract, specialists use several methods. The main therapy is dietary nutrition, which reduces the load on the stomach and intestines. In addition, doctors prescribe medications and some methods to improve the patient's condition.

Medications

Treatment of diseases involves taking drugs from different groups to ensure a complex effect.

The most effective means will be the following:

1. De-Nol- capsules, which belong to the group of antimicrobial agents, act directly on Helicobacter pylori, destroy the bacterium and prevent the development of peptic ulcer. It is necessary to take the remedy 2 capsules per day for a month. The cost of packaging the medicine is approximately 300-400 rubles. depending on the region.
2. Pancreatin- an enzymatic preparation that improves digestion and absorption of the most important components. The tool prevents indigestion and greatly facilitates the work of the entire digestive tract. For treatment, you will need to take 2 tablets 3 times a day for 2-3 weeks. The price of a package of medicines ranges from 50-70 rubles.
3. Gastrocepin- a drug for restoring the gastric mucosa, which is highly effective. It is used for gastritis and colitis, as well as combined inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. Usually, the drug is prescribed as a solution for injection, 2 ml is administered intramuscularly daily, the duration of the course is at least 10 days. The price of 1 ampoule of the drug is approximately 30-40 rubles.
4. Omeprazole- a drug from the group of proton pump inhibitors, which is effective and suppresses the intensive production of hydrochloric acid. It is prescribed in the form of capsules or tablets. 3 tablets should be taken per day, the duration of the course is 2 weeks. The drug costs approximately 120 rubles.
5. Amoxiclav- an effective antibacterial drug that is prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines. It helps prevent the growth of microorganisms and the aggravation of the condition. To achieve the best result, the drug is administered intravenously 2 times a day for 7 days. The cost of 1 bottle of powder for preparing a solution is 40-50 rubles.
6. Dicynon- a hemostatic drug that quickly spreads through the bloodstream and prevents heavy gastrointestinal bleeding. It is prescribed as a solution for intramuscular or intravenous administration. The patient is administered from 2 to 4 ampoules of 2 ml per day. The duration of the therapeutic course is from 5 to 14 days. The price of packaging the product is 60 rubles.

In addition, other means may be prescribed to eliminate the specific symptoms of the disease. In each case, the set of drugs is different, and the dosage is selected individually.

Folk methods

Gastrointestinal conditions are often treated with alternative medicine prescriptions. Some of them are efficient.

Infusion based on pharmacy chamomile is a popular antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent. It helps to destroy pathogenic microflora and normalize digestion. To obtain the medicine, it is necessary to insist 3 g of dry raw materials in 300 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes, filter and take 100 ml 3 times a day. The duration of the course is 7 days.

Nettle decoction is an effective medicine for the development of gastrointestinal bleeding, since nettle has hemostatic properties. Preparing the medicine is simple: for 1 liter of water you need 20 g of dry raw materials, you should cook for 5 minutes, then leave for at least 1 hour, filter. Ready medicine 3 times a day to use 50 ml. Duration of treatment - no more than 7 days.

A decoction of oak bark has astringent properties and helps to alleviate the condition of patients with gastritis, accompanied by frequent loose stools. It is necessary to prepare the medicine from dry and pre-shredded bark. For 500 ml of water, 20 g of raw materials will be needed, it needs to be boiled for 10 minutes, insisted for 2 hours, filtered. Use 20 ml in the morning and evening for 10 days.

Any prescription for alternative medicine can provoke complications, so they can only be used after an examination.

Diet food

For any disease of the digestive tract, it is necessary to adhere to a strict diet during treatment and after its completion for 2-3 months to consolidate the result. The most strict diet will be for gastrointestinal bleeding, as the patient is not allowed to eat for 2 to 5 days. Only small amounts of cool water are allowed.

For other diseases, the following products should be excluded from the menu:

It is allowed to consume sour-milk products, boiled meat, low-fat soups. It is useful to include stewed vegetables, baked fruits and biscuits in the diet. In addition, it is important to eat cereals, mashed potatoes without oil, boiled fish. It is allowed to cook steamed dishes without adding spices and oil.

The approximate daily menu should include healthy, but light meals. For breakfast, you can eat buckwheat porridge without oil, a soft-boiled egg and drink weak black tea. Lunch should consist of a first course, such as chicken broth potato soup, and steamed beef or chicken steak.

It is better to replace dinner with a glass of low-fat kefir, biscuit cookies. Portions should be small. In each case, the menu is compiled individually.

Other methods

The only alternative treatment for gastrointestinal diseases is surgery. It is indicated for perforated gastric or intestinal ulcers, as well as acute gastrointestinal bleeding, when the blood cannot be stopped conservatively.

The operation involves opening the anterior abdominal wall with the subsequent elimination of the area that provokes bleeding. With perforation, part of the stomach is removed, it is sutured, followed by the removal of several drainages from the abdominal cavity.

The intervention is performed under general anesthesia, the recovery period lasts at least 4 weeks. The operation is considered a last resort, done only when there is a threat to the life of the patient.

Possible Complications

If left untreated, complications will inevitably develop. The most common is peptic ulcer, when the patient does not go to the doctor when symptoms of gastritis appear. In addition, the development of peritonitis is possible with perforation of the ulcer and the release of the contents of the stomach into the abdominal cavity.

Peptic ulcer is the most common gastrointestinal disease

The condition is life-threatening for the patient. In addition, any disease can become chronic. A frequent consequence is the exhaustion of the patient, asthenia, anemia as a result of regular blood loss. The most dangerous complication is death.

Gastrointestinal disorders are considered a fairly common problem among patients of different sex and age. Diseases require timely treatment, which helps to prevent complications.

Article formatting: Vladimir the Great

Video about diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Elena Malysheva will talk about 3 tests for gastrointestinal diseases: