Planting pepper seedlings in a greenhouse: how to create comfortable conditions for a large crop. The technology of growing sweet pepper in a greenhouse and the rules for caring for it How to grow pepper seedlings in a greenhouse

We are already familiar with how to grow bell peppers in the beds, and now let's talk about the features of growing peppers in a greenhouse.

This favorite vegetable is the richest pantry of various vitamins and, therefore, every summer resident wants to grow it in his garden.

If at the height of the summer season pepper can be purchased at local markets literally "for a penny", then in the fall, cunning merchants ask for fabulous money for mouth-watering fruits. Let them ask! We have our own greenhouse grown peppers.

• The greenhouse provides our pets with the most favorable temperature regime, which increases the yield and taste of sweet peppers.

Growing peppers in a greenhouse is a very exciting activity, although it is not difficult, it still requires some knowledge and patience.

And we will try to help you in this responsible and interesting business. Let's get started.

Soil preparation

When growing peppers in greenhouse conditions, a good, rich harvest is important to us. But in order for the pepper to really please with a luxurious offspring, he needs good care.

Pepper growing conditions will be ideal with proper soil preparation.

In the greenhouse, a fertile top layer of soil should be equipped. It can be taken from the garden plot (where carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, onions, cabbage grew).

• Collect the precious earth and transport it to the greenhouse. It is better to remove all the old soil from the greenhouse (to prevent infection of the pepper with infections). We will load the soil into the greenhouse in the fall and add humus or compost to it (5-6 kg per m²).

Such methods improve the composition of the soil and increase its aeration (ability to retain moisture).

Pepper is a demanding crop to the soil, the plant needs fertile, soft and loose soil.

Therefore, the beds under the pepper should be deeply dug up (to a depth of 10-12 cm).

Before planting, add the following fertilizers to the ground:

• Nitrogen 30-35 g/m².
• Potassium 40-50 g/m².
• Phosphoric 30-40 g/m².
• Organics (compost, humus) bucket/m².

Experienced gardeners have noticed that the richest crop is obtained when growing peppers in a film-type greenhouse, and even the color of the film affects the number of fruits (the more transparent it is, the greater the yield).

Know! Sweet pepper does not respect and is afraid of acidic lands. Therefore, in the fall, add dolomite flour to the soil (2 tablespoons for each m²).

Planting a pepper in a greenhouse is not such a complicated operation as when planting it in open garden conditions, but some rules must be strictly observed.

Planting our pepper

♦ Planting peppers in a greenhouse. This is a rather delicate matter, because no matter how carefully we try to handle pepper seedlings very carefully, landing in a permanent place is still a lot of stress for her.

Therefore, be very attentive to our young peppers. Our future harvest directly depends on how smoothly the planting goes.

When to start? Pepper seedlings can be safely considered prepared for adulthood if:

1. The shoot has a smooth green, saturated color.
2. She turned 55 days from the date of sowing in pots.
3. Buds can be seen in the leaf axils.
4. The seedling has grown a thick stem.
5. Got 12-14 leaves.
6. Her height reaches 25-30 cm.

In this case, the young pepper in the greenhouse will delight the owner with quick survival and excellent growth.

But for this you still need a suitable air temperature (if you have unheated greenhouses). For pepper, it is necessary that the soil warms up to a temperature of + 15 ° C.

According to the climate of our middle zone, such an opportunity appears by mid-May.

If your greenhouse is heated, then feel free to plant pepper seedlings from late March to mid-April.

♦ How to properly plant a pepper. After the ground under our pepper is prepared in the greenhouse, we should decide how we will place our plants.

For growing pepper in a greenhouse, you can prepare dense polyethylene bags (each will be filled with fertile soil and given to the pepper).

Or, which is easier and more convenient, to form beds for planting seedlings.

• The best time for planting young seedlings is in the evening hours. Before the procedure, the seedlings should be watered abundantly.

Landing is carried out on beds a meter wide, the distance between the rows should be at least half a meter. But the planting density will depend on the characteristics of the pepper, its varieties:

• For hybrids, vigorous species: 35-40 cm.
• For medium-sized peppers: 25-30 cm.
• For undersized: 15-20 cm.

Before a responsible procedure, each well prepared for pepper should be filled with warm water (2 liters per well).

When planting seedlings, try not to bury the stem. Otherwise, it will be difficult for the pepper to grow a strong root system and growth, the development of the plant itself will greatly slow down.

The lower leaves of the seedlings should be at ground level.

As soon as the seedlings are placed in the holes, we compact the soil with our hands and mulch it with humus or peat.

Gardener's advice. If you have a cold, film greenhouse, growing pepper in a greenhouse is best done for early-ripening, medium-sized varieties (up to 100-110 cm in height). And in winter, heated greenhouses, the best conditions for growing taller, more productive species.

And a little more advice, in order to use the entire area of ​​​​the greenhouse more efficiently, you can plant undersized sweet pepper varieties between tall peppers, compacting the plantings.

Greenhouse pepper and its features

Please note that immediately after transplanting seedlings into adult conditions, the need for watering increases in a young pepper.

If you do not give the plant moisture, reddish-brown spots similar to burns will appear on the fruits.

When growing bell pepper in a greenhouse environment, it is important to observe the following rules:

1. Good lighting. But don't overdo it with sunlight. Peppers growing in film-type greenhouses are more prone to burns than when grown in polycarbonate greenhouses. But do not darken the pepper! A plant growing in the shade will begin to let out bad, weak ovaries and develop poorly.
2. Keep the temperature constant. For good development, pepper needs a regime of + 23 ° C - + 30 ° C. Sharp changes in temperature have a very negative effect on the quantity and quality of the vitamin crop.
3. Watch for regular watering! The lack of moisture will not respond well to the quality of the fruit.
4. Don't forget to loosen the soil! The loosened earth guarantees excellent access of moisture and oxygen to the roots of the plant.
5. Humidity! Our sweet pet will grow very comfortably at moderate air humidity: 70-75%. Sharp fluctuations in the normal level are detrimental to pepper: its flowers, ovaries fall off, and the fruits shrink and wither.

Note! Growing pepper in a greenhouse immediately after planting, for about 2-2.5 weeks, will give us a reason to be upset! Why?

Our freshly transplanted pepper will look weak and sick. At this time, it develops poorly - nothing surprising!

- the culture is sensitive and the plant needs time to adapt to unfamiliar conditions.

Experienced gardeners advise planting seedlings in a greenhouse while her stem is still grassy, ​​then she takes root much faster.

• To help the pepper take root sooner, regularly loosen the soil and spray your pets with growth stimulants ("Bud", "Enregen"). Do not get carried away with watering at this time!

We take care of it with love!

♦ Drinking is Pepper's favorite pastime. Pepper is an extremely moisture-loving crop. According to the norm, water should be consumed for each watering of 10-12 liters per m².

At the same time, observing the regularity of water procedures 1-2 times a week.

If we begin to violate the water regime, the pepper runs the risk of getting a serious infection: gray rot.

• When our pepper will bloom, it is better to water the pepper by sprinkling, in other cases - only under the root! He needs warm water, with a temperature of about + 25 ° C. Otherwise, the pepper will slow down its growth and make us wait a long time for the harvest.

If sprinkling is carried out regularly, then the pepper can self-steel (after all, its flowers are pollinated on their own). So don't risk losing your harvest!

And, directing a stream of water under the root of the plant, make sure that the soil does not erode. Add a mineral complex fertilizer to the water for irrigation 2-3 times a month.

Do not allow drops to fall on the leaves of the plant. The ideal time for watering is in the morning, 9-11 hours.

Advice from an experienced gardener Growing pepper in a greenhouse should be carried out with constant airing of the pepper dwelling. Ventilate the greenhouse after each watering!

But do not create a draft at the same time. It is enough to slightly open the doors on one side or the window.

If it is too hot outside, you can remove the film from one greenhouse side.

♦ Mulching. So that the soil in the greenhouse retains moisture, mulch it with a layer of straw, sawdust, humus or compost. Make a layer of mulch 3-4 cm.

But the preservation of moisture is not the only purpose of mulch. She helps:

• Keep the soil loose.
• Prevents the emergence of weeds.
• Allows pepper roots to receive oxygen.

♦ Proper nutrition. A very important aspect that gardeners pay special attention to is top dressing of pepper.

If our vitamin pet receives the amount of useful, nutrients it needs, it will better resist the attack of pests.

Feed the pepper should be several times:

1. During the flowering period. He needs organic matter, you can use settled slurry (1x10) or a solution of urea (4-5 g per bucket of water). At this time, dry nitrophoska (30-40 g per m²) will be a good help for the development of pepper.
2. During fruiting. During this period, we feed the plant with bird droppings diluted in water (ratio 1x12, where one part is bird droppings).

The rest of the time, the cultivation of pepper in the greenhouse takes place with the application of fertilizers every 10-12 days.

As a top dressing, use rotted mullein diluted in water (6 parts of water per part of the mullein).

But do not abuse such fertilizer - otherwise the pepper will intensively grow green mass and forget about the fruits.

Herbal mulch is also suitable for nutrition. It is laid out in a layer of 10 cm under the bushes.

Once a month, feed the pepper with a complex mineral fertilizer (per 10 liters of water, 20 g of potassium chloride, 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of ammonium nitrate). This top dressing can be combined with watering.

♦ Bush formation. A well-formed pepper bush will please the owner with a magnificent view and a rich, appetizing harvest.

The process of forming a pepper depends on the characteristics of its variety:

• On tall varieties, pinching and pruning of excess shoots is done.
• For medium-sized varieties of pepper, the formation will consist in the removal of the lower and barren side shoots. This will improve plant lighting and air circulation.
• Low-growing, dwarf types of pepper do not need shaping at all, they are already good.

Pinch extra shoots should be very carefully, carefully and competently, with careful observance of all the rules:

1. Removal of flower crown buds. As soon as the main stem of the plant reaches a height of 20-25 cm, it begins to branch. A flower bud is formed at the place of branching. It is he who should be removed as early as possible so that the branching process proceeds correctly.
2. Pinching unnecessary shoots. An ideal pepper should consist of a stem and 2-3 strong shoots that come from the fork of the crown bud. All other shoots, branches, it would be advisable to remove. They are removed by cutting off the top or growing point.
3. Removal of excess shoots and lower leaves. In the process of growing peppers in a greenhouse, periodically inspect your pet for the growth of barren (empty) shoots. They must be removed. Most often, unnecessary branches form just below the branching of the main pepper stalk. In this area, we should also destroy all the leaves that obscure the planting and impair pollination.
4. Pinching skeletal branches. This procedure should be carried out after collecting a sufficient number of fruits, this will accelerate the ripening of the rest of the crop. Pinch should be all the growth points located on the main stems of the pepper. After the procedure, the growth of pepper stops, and all the energy of the plant goes to nourish the ripening fruits.

♦ Pepper care, garter. Pepper must be tied up!

Before planting, prepare the trellis and install the trellis structures before planting the pepper.

• Tie the plant very carefully! Any, even a small damage to the stem can provoke suppuration and disease of the culture.

The tapestries themselves look like a kind of stairs. 4-5 transverse steps made of twine or wire are imposed on a wooden frame.

In the future, when growing peppers in a greenhouse, the plant will rely on them.

To save time and effort, drive in wooden sticks next to each bush and tie the main stem with a regular cotton ribbon 2-3 cm wide.

Tie loosely, do not allow the tape to "dig" into the plant.

Cleaning vitamins

Sweet peppers have two stages of maturity:

1. Technical(after 35-45 days after the start of flowering). During this period, the fruits are still green, but have already grown to their final size.
2. biological. The fruits are already fully ripe and painted in their varietal color. At this time, the seeds ripen in the pepper.

At the stage of technical maturity, pepper contains a sufficient amount of vitamins, appetizing fruits are already suitable for eating.

In this phase, when pressing on the fetus, you can hear a slight crackle.

But, of course, the most delicious peppers are when they reach the biological phase of maturity. At this time, they are tasty, juicy and saturated with all vitamins.

Experienced gardeners advise harvesting when the pepper has reached the phase of technical maturity.

After the cultivation of pepper in the greenhouse, when harvesting at this time, the yield increases by 30-35%.

This happens due to the fact that energy and substances used for seed ripening are saved.

• Harvesting begins in mid-July and continues until September. Weekly, the fruits of the peppers are cut off (very delicately and carefully) with a sharp pruner. They must be cut along with the stem.

Important point! In sweet pepper, fruiting occurs in waves, since this plant is not able to bloom and grow fruits at the same time.

It first blooms, and then the fruits are poured. Further, after a short respite, the process is repeated.

Therefore, the first wave of peppers is advised to be collected in the phase of technical ripeness, and the fruits of the second wave can already be left to ripen on the bushes (weather permitting).

It is forbidden! Roughly cut off the peppers. Remember that the stems of this plant are extremely fragile, but the stalks are stiff. Pulling the fruit, you can break off the rest of the shoot!

Try to remove all the fruits before the first frost!

How to save the harvest

Like many vegetable counterparts, sweet pepper has poor keeping quality.

With illiterate storage, the plant can begin to rot in two or three days.

It is better to keep the pepper at the technical stage of maturity until the onset of the biological phase in a cool place, at a temperature of + 9 ° C - + 11 ° C.

If the peppers are kept in the refrigerator in an open plastic bag, they ripen within 30-35 days.

• Do not keep peppers warm! They will quickly lose their taste and lose their shiny, appetizing appearance.

In fruits for storage, you need to carefully cut off the stem, but leave a small part of it. Carefully examine the fruits - they should not show the slightest trace of dents, cracks, damage and diseases.

For storage, peppers can be folded into boxes and sprinkled with sawdust.

So we got acquainted with the process of growing pepper in a greenhouse, which is very interesting, albeit a little unusual, especially for beginner gardeners.

But the long-awaited, rich harvest - and it will certainly be, subject to all the recommendations for care, will be a chic reward for the time, nerves and efforts spent.

And watch a short video about planting peppers in a greenhouse.

See you soon, dear readers and a rich harvest!

The heat-loving bell pepper is often grown in a greenhouse, creating optimal conditions for growth.

Pepper- a useful, thermophilic culture, therefore, even when planting in open ground, pepper seedlings are used.

Consider features of growing sweet pepper in a greenhouse: sowing seeds, caring for seedlings, watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, harvesting.

Film, glass greenhouses or greenhouses are used for sowing seeds and growing seedlings. Nowadays, polycarbonate greenhouses are widely used for growing peppers.

The main thing is not to combine the cultivation of sweet and hot peppers in the same greenhouse, as peppers are capable of cross-pollination.

It is not easy to choose a variety of pepper for growing in a greenhouse, from all the variety that is commercially available. Pepper varieties differ in color, size and shape of fruits, taste.

Some varieties are bred specifically for growing in a greenhouse. Most prolific Orange miracle, Tenderness, Winnie the Pooh.

The best early ripe variety of pepper for the greenhouse Apricot Favorite. Also, the Atlant variety is classified as early and mid-ripening - compact and prolific.

Early maturing variety suitable for growing in a greenhouse - Cardinal. The bushes of the variety are more than 1 m high, and reach maturity in 100 days.

Before sowing seeds, they must be treated with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes. For the rapid growth of seedlings, the seeds are treated in growth stimulants.

Seeds are sown in February (in such a way as to be transplanted into a greenhouse at the age of 60-65), in cups or pots, deepening 5-15 mm into the soil. The soil should be fertile and light.

For better pepper yield in the greenhouse, 2-month-old seedlings are used, on which 6-10 leaves have formed and are 20-25 cm high.

Pepper seedlings are planted in greenhouses in early April. They make beds with a distance between rows of 50 cm. They make holes for transplanting seedlings.

Pour 1 liter of a solution of chicken manure or manure into each well (dilute a glass of 200 g of chicken manure or 500 g of manure in a bucket of water with a temperature of 50 degrees).

It is good to water the seedlings of pepper in cups so that without damaging the roots, it is easy to take them out. Transplanting seedlings into holes and tie to pegs.

Video - Formation of pepper (all the subtleties and nuances of the formation of bell pepper)

Growing and caring for peppers in a greenhouse

The main thing in care is compliance with the thermal regime, timely watering, fertilizing, loosening the soil and weeding.

Be sure to ventilate the greenhouse, shade it in the heat.

Watering peppers produce every 2-3 days under the root of 1-2 liters of water. Peppers are moisture-loving and do not tolerate even a short-term drought.

Maintain the optimum temperature - during the day 20-27 degrees, at night 15 degrees. When the fruiting period comes, the temperature can be lowered.

Hill up the bushes when the soil is wet. As the soil dries, loosen the aisles, about once a week. If there is no possibility of loosening, mulch the soil with straw, humus, sawdust.

To form bushes, remove excess shoots, leaving the 2 strongest side shoots, remove excess leaves and shoots below the main branching zone. The plant will concentrate on the development of the ovaries, and not the growth of green mass.

For the greenhouse, choose compact varieties, the pepper is a fragile plant, the stems can break under the weight of the fruit. Stretched plants must be tied up. Harvesting is carried out in the morning, carefully cutting or breaking off the fruits along with a short stalk.

When growing peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse plant care does not change.

When growing in a greenhouse, fertilizing is indispensable. Urea or a solution of bird droppings are used as fertilizers. To prepare a solution, dissolve in water urea or chicken manure in a ratio of 1 x 15. Pour each bush under the root with 1 liter of solution.

Sprinkle on the beds before fertilizing wood ash.

Feeding times

First dressing 2 weeks after transplanting the seedlings into the greenhouse.

Second top dressing during the formation of ovaries.

Third top dressing during fruit ripening.

If you have not noticed a deficiency on the plants during the entire growing season, the proportion of fertilizers can not be changed.

Even when grown in a greenhouse, diseases and pests can appear.

At sudden changes in temperature the plant can get sick, when the temperature drops to +10 degrees, purple spots and plaque appear.

Peppers are prone to blossom end rot if the moisture regime is violated. To fight, sprinkle a handful of ash under the root in a timely manner.

Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY! CARE AND FEEDING!

By observing the agrotechnical rules of care when growing peppers in a greenhouse, bell peppers will thank you with an excellent harvest of healthy fruits.

It is difficult to find a person who would not like to eat pepper or dishes from this vegetable. That is why growing peppers in a greenhouse is a fairly common practice among many vegetable growers. Even a person who has not previously done this will be able to plant pepper. However, before that, you need to study in more detail how to grow bell peppers in a greenhouse. After all, not everyone knows the features of growing pepper in a greenhouse.

Planting seeds

Growing bell peppers in a greenhouse should begin with planting seeds. It is necessary to plant pepper at the end of winter, so that after three months you can start planting in the ground.

Seed preparation

Before you grow pepper in a greenhouse, you need to prepare the planting material. It is possible to grow pepper in a greenhouse only with the help of high-quality seeds. To select high-quality seeds, you need to check them for germination. To do this, all the seeds are wrapped in gauze and placed in a container with water and salt. In this case, the temperature of the liquid used must be at least 25 degrees. Within 10-15 minutes, all defective seeds will begin to rise to the surface.

Also, before planting pepper, it is necessary to disinfect the seed. For this, a weak solution prepared from potassium permanganate is used. Seeds must be kept in it at a temperature of 20 degrees. The procedure lasts no more than half an hour, after which all the seeds are washed and dried.

To improve yields and accelerate the growth of seedlings, planting material should be treated with nutrient solutions before planting pepper in a polycarbonate greenhouse. To do this, we will use a mixture prepared from a liter of boiling water and 20 g of nettle. Seeds must be kept in this solution for 20-30 minutes.

Soil preparation

Be sure to decide what soil to use when growing young seedlings. After all, it depends on the soil whether it will be possible to get a good harvest in the future.

A planted bush will grow much better in light and loose soil with a porous structure. Such land improves the flow of moisture and air. In addition, it should contain a sufficient amount of iron, nitrogen, zinc, copper and phosphorus. You also need to choose a soil with neutral acidity, which should be about 5-6 pH.

Before planting seeds, it is necessary to prepare a special soil mixture for pepper. During its preparation, part of the soil is mixed with the same amount of sand and peat. Then the prepared mixture is poured with a nutrient solution of potassium and superphosphate.

You can also prepare the soil mixture from other components. Such vegetables love humus, so you can add a little humus mixed with ash to the planting soil. Also, some gardeners add 300 g of peat to it.

Capacity selection

Cultivation of sweet pepper in a greenhouse before transplanting into the ground should be carried out in special containers. Almost all deep containers are suitable for this. Many vegetable growers grow seedlings in their favorite flower pot. Peat pots are also used, which can be purchased at any country store.

Too low boxes should not be used, as this negatively affects the growth rate of seedlings.

Landing

Agrotechnics for growing peppers in a greenhouse and planting seeds is quite simple. First you need to fill the planting containers with the soil mixture prepared earlier. After that, in each pot it is necessary to make several small holes, the distance between which should be 2-3 cm.

See also
Is it possible to spray pepper with boric acid for the ovary and how to prepare a solution Read

When all the seeds are planted, the pots should be covered, as they should be under the covering material for the first few days. Some gardeners cover containers with polyethylene films.

Before growing seedlings, you should decide what temperature is maintained in the room. During the cultivation of seedlings, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime. The temperature in the building should not fall below 25 degrees.

Planting seedlings

Planting pepper in a polycarbonate greenhouse is carried out at the very end of spring, when young seedlings have time to get stronger.

Soil preparation

Planting pepper seedlings in a greenhouse should be carried out in prepared soil. Sweet pepper must be planted in soil that contains the following components:

1. Leaf land. This soil is ideal for planting vegetables.
2. Baking powder. Pepper seedlings should be planted in soil with a considerable amount of river sand, which is an excellent baking powder.
3. Peat. With it, the soil will become more porous and will better absorb moisture.

It is also recommended to mulch the ground before planting. Grass mulching is carried out in order to slow down the growth of weeds and the evaporation of moisture from the soil. Any vegetable grower can mulch the ground. For this, a special mulch is prepared, which will cover the surface of the earth. This process is carried out in several stages.

First, I mulch the ground with grass, after which I fill the area with warm water. On top of the mulched soil, you can lay out a small layer of branches for better protection.

planting

Having prepared the soil, you should familiarize yourself with how to plant seedlings of peppers in a greenhouse.

The scheme for planting pepper in a greenhouse is quite simple. First you need to figure out at what distance you need to plant peppers in the greenhouse. They are planted at a distance of about 60 cm so that the bushes are not shaded. Their depth is made such that when planting the neck of the root is located on the same level with the surface of the earth.

When all the holes are created, you can plant peppers in the greenhouse. First you need to get them out of the pots. This must be done very carefully so as not to accidentally damage the roots. All bushes are planted in a hole, after which they should be covered with soil by half and poured with heated water. The rest of the hole is filled in after the liquid is completely absorbed.

Features of care

To get large fruits, you need to familiarize yourself with how to care for pepper in a greenhouse.

See also
Causes and treatment of pepper diseases, when seedlings have pimples and leaves curl Read

Watering

Care for him consists in regular watering of young bushes, as pepper loves moisture. Moisturizing the soil is recommended no more than twice a week. At the same time, about 10 liters of water should be spent for each square meter. If the bell pepper in the greenhouse is poorly looked after and watered less often, then it can become ill with gray rot.

During flowering, sweet peppers need to be looked after carefully. During this period, during irrigation, it is better to use warm water heated to 20-25 degrees. Cold liquid can negatively affect the growth of bushes and the amount of yield.

Pollination

Greenhouse grown plants need pollination to produce fruits. Pollination is a mandatory procedure that makes a plant reproductive and allows it to use its resources not only for growth, but also for the formation of fruits. If the bushes are not pollinated, then in the future they will not begin to bear fruit. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure that all bushes are pollinated.

Plants are pollinated in several basic ways. Many vegetable growers use various insects for this. The most common pollinators are bumblebees.

Also, large pepper in a polycarbonate greenhouse is pollinated by hand. Such pollination is carried out using an ordinary electric brush. To do this, it is turned on and held over the inflorescence for several seconds. It is recommended to carry out this procedure in the morning 2-4 times a week.

Garter

Pepper care also includes tying up young bushes. Quite often, they break due to the load from the fruits, and in order to solve this problem, you should learn how to tie bushes in a greenhouse. Many use small supports made of metal or wood for garters. They are installed near each bush at a short distance from them.

Tie the stems to the supports very carefully so as not to accidentally transfer the plant. It is recommended to use a soft cloth for this, which could not harm the stems.

top dressing

Caring for sweet peppers must be accompanied by regular feeding. After planting in the greenhouse, the bushes need organic matter. Therefore, at the time of flowering, the site is fed with fertilizers made from urea and slurry. Some vegetable growers add 100 grams of nitrophoska to top dressing.

The next time fertilizers are added after fruit formation. During this period, bird droppings, diluted in a bucket of cold water, are placed in the ground. Then top dressing is carried out every 10-15 days.

Conclusion

Planting peppers in a greenhouse and caring for peppers is not a very difficult job. To devote your free time to the cultivation of this vegetable, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the video, which will describe in detail the cultivation and care of peppers in a greenhouse from planting to harvest.

Similar content

Culture is demanding on the environment, timely implementation of agricultural measures. Complete care for bell pepper in a greenhouse from planting to harvest will allow the plant to get everything it needs for growth and development, which will positively affect the number, size, and quality of fruits. It is important to know how to properly care for it, since even a small mistake can cause the death of a bush.

Benefits of greenhouse cultivation

Bulgarian pepper is a culture of southern latitudes that does not tolerate cold, temperature changes, drafts and other adverse conditions. Creating and maintaining an optimal environment for plant growth and development significantly reduces the risk of bush death or poor harvest. The likelihood of infection or damage by pests is also reduced.

Planting and caring for sweet peppers in a greenhouse has advantages over open ground:

• the possibility of early planting seedlings;
• reduction of the growing season;
• providing a favorable microclimate;
• protection from wind, hail, dew, rain;
• facilitating basic care;
• increase in productivity;
• reduction in material costs.

microclimate requirements

Proper cultivation and care of peppers in a greenhouse will allow you to get a large crop of large fruits while creating a favorable environment. Particular attention should be paid to lighting, temperature and relative humidity, ventilation.

It is important to plant seedlings in nutrient soil, ensure timely and sufficient watering, top dressing, and form bushes at certain stages of development.

Drafts, sudden changes in temperature, lack or excess of moisture should not be allowed. Neighbors and predecessors should be chosen correctly if the topsoil does not change.

illumination

It is necessary to grow pepper in a greenhouse while providing 12-hour daylight hours. Lack of light will lead to stretching of seedlings, stunting of an adult plant, a weak ovary, excess - to a slowdown in the formation of buds. In cloudy weather, you need to organize the backlight with a wide range of lamps, suitable for sodium, mercury, metal halide.

The culture does not tolerate shade well, which should be considered when choosing neighbors in the beds. For the same reason, peppers should not be planted too closely or neglected in the bush formation procedure that is necessary when growing in a greenhouse.

Temperature regime

Depending on the stage of vegetation, indicators of the optimal temperature change. From sowing to the appearance of the first shoots, provide +25-30 °C, 6-7 days after sprouting +13-16 °C during the day, +10 °C at night. With further cultivation, favorable indicators are + 20-27 ° C in the daytime, + 13 ° C at night. For laying fruits, + 25-30 ° C is optimal.

The critical temperature for seedlings will be + 5-6 ° C, for adult bushes -1 ° C. At temperatures above +30 ° C, the ovaries fall off, the pollen becomes sterile, which negatively affects the yield. With a heating system in a polycarbonate greenhouse, you can maintain the desired temperature throughout the year. When film coating, focus on weather conditions.

Humidity level

At the seedling stage during the growth period and before planting, the optimal air humidity is 60%, soil - 70-75%. When transferring pepper seedlings to a permanent place of cultivation, the air must be moistened by 80%, the soil - by 90%. Until the end of the growing season, maintain 65% and 80%, respectively. The lack of moisture will lead to shedding of flowers, a decrease in the size of the fruit. Excess will cause decay, the development of fungal infections.

Preparing for planting seedlings

Every year, the structure needs to be prepared for spring work. The main part can be done in the fall, and before planting the seedlings in the greenhouse, it remains to create a favorable microclimate. Regardless of the materials from which the building is made, and the crops growing in it, the main activities are:

• cleaning from plant residues;
• creation of warm beds;
• washing, disinfection of the frame;
• topsoil preparation.

The main thing is that the building is clean before spring planting. Part of the work can be carried out immediately before the transfer of seedlings.

In autumn, wash the greenhouse with soapy water. Carefully inspect the joints for mold or bacterial plaque. After processing, ventilate and dry.

Disinfection

For disinfection of polycarbonate buildings, spraying, sprinkling or fumigation with complex preparations is used. Processing is carried out after preliminary washing of all structural elements and cleaning the soil from plant residues. It is enough to wash the metal profile with a solution of potassium permanganate. Soak wooden parts with building antiseptics, coat with lime sediment.

Wash glass and polycarbonate shields from the outside with household chemicals, inside with a solution of potassium permanganate or a composition containing chlorine. Carry out work in special clothing and gloves. Remove inventory and containers from the greenhouse during processing. Before entering, it is recommended to lay a rug soaked in copper sulfate, ammonium nitrate, chlorinated lime.

Smoke bombs for fumigation are considered the most effective, but expensive way. You can replace them with metal baking sheets on hot coals, in which pieces of sulfur are placed (50-80 g per 1 m3). Spraying is carried out with a solution of bleach, copper sulfate or Chloropicrin. Sprinkle with slaked lime.

Soil preparation

To equip warm beds, disinfect the soil, remove the top layer of soil. For disinfection, pour boiling water or a solution of potassium permanganate. Put a thick layer of straw and sawdust or compost on the bottom, then manure. Pour previously removed earth on top, cover with a dark film or mulch with dry grass and leaves. In winter, cover with snow, removing the film, if any.

In the spring, dig up the soil, improve the clay structure by adding sand. A day before planting seedlings, apply fertilizer - for 1 m² you will need 25 g of saltpeter, 1 tbsp. superphosphate, 1 tbsp. wood ash, humus. In the case of an acidic environment, neutralization will be required. Liming should be carried out in autumn or spring, add dolomite flour. Before transferring seedlings, loosen the ground, form holes, and water.

seedling planting technology

Changing growing conditions is difficult for bell pepper, so it is necessary to smooth this process as much as possible. 2 weeks before the procedure, seedlings need to start hardening off. Young seedlings should gradually get used to sunlight.

The implementation of the main agrotechnical measures will accelerate the process of adaptation. Prepare the soil in advance, nutrient soil is needed during this period.

The main thing to consider when planting seedlings in a greenhouse made of polycarbonate or other material:

• permissible neighbors in the beds;
• the term for the transfer to a permanent place of cultivation;
• scheme and landing rules.

Compatibility with other cultures

It is allowed to plant nightshades (peppers, eggplants, tomatoes) together due to similar microclimate requirements. The danger lies in the fact that they have the same diseases and pests, if measures are not taken in time, then all plantings will suffer. Neighborhood with onions, basil, carrots, coriander, green manure is acceptable.

You can not have beans, fennel, kohlrabi nearby. It is undesirable to plant hot peppers next to each other, as they can pollinate with each other. Incompatible crops, if necessary, are allowed to be distributed at different ends of the greenhouse.

Planting dates for seedlings

There is no exact date, you should focus on weather conditions, the time of sowing and emergence of seedlings, the formation of 8-12 leaves with buds, the type of construction. In the Moscow region, Moscow, the middle lane, planting is carried out in late April-early May. In St. Petersburg, the optimal time for the transfer of seedlings is the end of May. If the greenhouse is equipped with heating, it is possible earlier.

In the Urals and Siberia, one should be guided by the end of May-beginning of June. Cultivation of peppers in regions with adverse weather conditions in film greenhouses should be carried out after the threat of frost has passed. The soil should warm up above +10 °C. The plant is 25-30 cm high, has 2 inflorescences.

Landing pattern

Pepper seedlings should be planted in accordance with the recommendations for each variety. For undersized varieties, make holes at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other, for tall ones, the planting distance is 35-40 cm. Leave 60-70 cm between rows.

It is better to plant pepper in the evening, in cloudy weather. Do not destroy the earth ball, carefully transfer the seedlings by transshipment to prepared holes in a greenhouse or greenhouse. Do not deepen too much, the culture has a root neck, so plant at the same level as the pepper grew before. Preliminary preparation of seedlings consists in abundant watering the day before, the first 3-5 days after transplantation cannot be moistened. Culture slowly adapts to new conditions.

Features of the formation of a bush

The greenhouse environment is an indication for the mandatory procedure. Thickening will negatively affect yields, is fraught with the development of diseases, slowing down development.

It is important to form bushes correctly so as not to reduce the ability to bear fruit and the rate of fruit ripening.

Bulgarian pepper growing in a greenhouse should:

• pinch;
• form;
• tie up.

Carrying out procedures depends on the variety, often they are needed for the entire growing season. Pay special attention to plants whose shoots are very fragile. Agrotechnical measures carried out in time contribute to the direction of plant forces and nutrient juices to the formation, growth and ripening of fruits.

Formation and pinching

First of all, the crown bud is broken. The only exception is the need to obtain seed material, then it should be left, allowed to fully mature and cut to extract the seeds. Caring for sweet peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse necessarily includes the formation and pinching, as the plants grow taller, the fruits form larger.

The culture is formed in 2-3 stems. To do this, to the point of branching of the main shoots (at least up to 15-20 cm), it is required to break off all the leaves and twigs. Next, break out all unnecessary stepchildren, especially weak ones growing inside the bush. When pinching, excess shoots, flowers, leaves are removed. It is recommended to leave 15-25 ovaries on one bush, then large fruits are grown. When removing the shoot, you need to leave 1 leaf, because the ovary located under it feeds on it.

Pinch the main stems several times during the growing season. When the fruits go into a state of technical ripeness, cut off the leaves on this pepper trunk. Remove them for the last time no later than 1.5 months before the end of the harvest. The same terms for the final pinching of skeletal branches. You can’t remove all the leaves at once, the plant may die, you need to cut no more than 2-3 pieces at a time.

Tying up

When preparing the greenhouse, it is required to install tapestries and stretch the wire at a height of 2 m. Using ribbons or twine attached to it, tie the bushes. For undersized varieties, you can install a support next to each plant. Carry out the garter of sweet pepper in the greenhouse carefully, trying not to damage the twig. Make a loose loop of twine, as for eggplant, wrap the stem at the bottom. Tie the rest of the shoots around a few more times during the season.

Subtleties of care

It is possible to increase the yield of pepper in a greenhouse, if it is grown correctly, follow all agrotechnical recommendations. A favorable microclimate will greatly facilitate care, but for a demanding culture it must be constantly maintained. Some nuances may be associated with varietal affiliation, therefore, when buying seed material, you should read the description.

Ventilate the greenhouse every day, avoiding drafts. Plantings are regularly reviewed for signs of ill health, nutrient deficiencies, severe thickening.

The culture is pollinated independently, but a slight shaking of the bushes favorably affects the formation of fruits.

You need to take care of sweet pepper in a greenhouse, observing:

• watering mode;
• carrying out dressings;
• loosening;
• mulching;
• bush formation;
• prevention of diseases and pests;
• maintaining an optimal microclimate.

Watering mode

The most important measure for caring for bell pepper in a greenhouse is to provide it with moisture. The first 3-5 days after planting the seedlings do not water. Then you need to use only settled warm water, since plants can die from cold. The procedure is carried out in the morning, if necessary, repeat in the evening. It is optimal to water 1 time in 2 days. During flowering and fruiting, reduce the frequency to 2 times a week.

Water consumption per 1 bush - 0.5-1 l. When using a hose, keep the pressure low so that the roots do not become bare. Culture responds better than others to drip irrigation.

Top dressing mode

Growing sweet peppers in a greenhouse involves the regular introduction of organic and mineral additives. Organics are necessary for the formation of green mass. It is forbidden to use fresh manure, you can make humus or compost. Bird droppings make the environment acidic, therefore it is also undesirable for peppers, but it is permissible to use it in a 1:20 dilution. Feeding with infusions of herbs has proven itself well. From mineral fertilizers, preference is given to complex ones, designed specifically for this crop.

The first time to feed the plants 2 weeks after transfer to the greenhouse. The reference point is the young leaves that form after the seedlings take root in a new place. You can get a good harvest by fertilizing every 14 days after that. Foliar top dressing is practiced, especially when symptoms of a lack of any nutrient appear.

Loosening and mulching

Cultivation of pepper in a greenhouse requires the removal of a dense earthen crust that forms after watering. Air access is necessary for the root system, otherwise the bush may die. Mulching is carried out in order to facilitate care, since it eliminates the need for loosening, prevents the growth of weeds, and retains water in the soil.

You can mulch the soil with straw, sunflower seed husks, compost or sawdust.

Diseases and pests

When growing bell peppers in a greenhouse, regularly check the bushes for signs of infection or insect infestation. The most dangerous:

• mosaic;
• bacterial cancer;
• white rot;
• fusarium;
• greenhouse whitefly;
• spider mite;
• wireworm;
• slugs.

Plant protection is provided by prevention. When symptoms of ill health appear, immediate action is required using approved biological products and alternative methods. Sick bushes should be immediately removed from the beds and destroyed, since the infection will spread quickly through the greenhouse, not only pepper, but also neighboring crops, primarily nightshade, can suffer.

How to speed up the ripening of peppers in a greenhouse

All agrotechnical measures can be divided into careful maintenance and incentive measures. The first will avoid delaying the formation and ripening of fruits. The second in an unheated greenhouse will add 2 weeks to the end of the fruiting period, will contribute to accelerated ripening. In a heated building, pepper ripens all year round.

You can get a harvest faster if you provide:

• regular loosening of the soil to a depth of 5-7 cm;
• foliar top dressing with infusion of ash;
• collection of fruits that have reached technical maturity;
• pinching the crown bud, pinching the shoots below the fruit;
• sufficient lighting and temperature.

Harvesting

The fruiting of greenhouse-grown peppers continues until the onset of stable cold weather. In heated structures, you can harvest all year round. Early-ripening varieties ripen in 90 days, late-ripening - in 130 days. It is recommended to remove the fruits when they reach technical maturity - normal size, but the color is not typical for the variety. Carefully cut the vegetable with scissors along with the stalk. Unripe peppers can lie up to 2 months and reach biological ripeness.

The shelf life of such fruits is longer, they are convenient to transport. With physiological ripeness, the crop will not be stored for a long time, therefore it requires processing.

Bulgarian pepper in the greenhouse gives a high yield. When grown indoors, it is easier to create a favorable microclimate. It is important to pinch plants in time, leaving no more than 2-3 stems.

To get a bountiful harvest of vegetables, it is necessary to provide plants with comfortable living conditions. These are light, heat, moisture and nutrition. Bulgarian pepper growing in a greenhouse needs regular top dressing throughout the growing season.

There are two types of dressings: root and foliar.

• Nutrient solutions, dry granules of long-lasting fertilizers and humus in the form of mulch are introduced under the root.
• Foliar feeding is the spraying of a nutrient solution on the leaves of a plant.

Important! The solution for spraying is prepared in a concentration twice as weak as for watering under the root. Processing of plants must be carried out in cloudy weather or in the evening to avoid burns to the foliage.

The standard frequency of fertilizing for sweet peppers is once every 2 weeks, starting from the age of the appearance of a pair of true leaves. The composition of the soil in which the plant is planted matters. If the soil is fertile or has been thoroughly fertilized, the number of top dressings is reduced to 3-4 per season.

Important! Watering with a nutrient solution under the root is carried out only on wet ground. Peppers are pre-watered with ordinary clean water so that the roots do not get burnt from the fertilizer.

Plants need a full spectrum of nutrients, but nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are especially important for them.

1. Nitrogen fertilizers affect the growth of green mass. Peppers need nitrogen at the very beginning of the growing season, when the stem and leaves are actively increasing in size.
2. Potassium and phosphorus influence flowering and fruit set. These elements are given to the plant during the period of flowering and ripening of the crop.

There are also substances necessary for the plant in microdoses: manganese, zinc, iodine, magnesium, iron. Their deficiency weakens the plant, reduces resistance to adverse conditions and diseases.

There is a conditional division of fertilizers that are used to feed bell peppers. These are mineral fertilizers and organic matter. The former are obtained artificially, by isolation from rocks and as a by-product of technical production. Organics is what nature gives: humus, manure, ash.

Adherents of organic farming prefer to use only organic fertilizers and folk remedies (decoctions and infusions of herbs, bread) so as not to harm the environment and get an environmentally friendly product.

Most farmers advise combining mineral and organic fertilizers, since the effectiveness of folk remedies alone is low.

mineral

The chemical industry offers gardeners and gardeners mineral fertilizers:

• in the form of granules, for direct application to the soil;
• powder for dissolving in water;
• in the form of a ready-to-use solution.

There are separate, narrowly targeted formulations (for example, urea - nitrogen fertilizer) and complex preparations (superphosphate).

For bell pepper, the following mineral fertilizers are used:

• urea is a nitrogen fertilizer that slightly acidifies the soil (dosage - 30 g per 10 liters of water);
• superphosphate - granules containing phosphorus are applied to the soil at a rate of 40 g per 1 sq. m;
• potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate - potash fertilizers (dosage of application 25-30 g per 1 sq. m);
• ammofoska - a complex fertilizer for vegetables containing phosphorus and nitrogen;
• Azofoska is a granular complex preparation containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen.

In addition to these fertilizers, in garden stores you can buy complexes of trace elements containing magnesium, boron, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. For example: MagBor, Ferrovit, blue vitriol.

When using mineral fertilizers in the greenhouse and open ground, one should be aware of their toxicity and follow the rules for use:

• wear special work clothes and personal protective equipment - gloves;
• do not use food utensils for diluting preparations;
• dilute drugs with water in strict accordance with the instructions, without exceeding the dosage;
• do not exceed the recommended short fertilizing.

Due to the high concentration of the active substance, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is carried out only after abundant watering of the plants with clean water. This will help to avoid burning the roots with the nutrient solution.

This group includes substances consisting of organic compounds:

• livestock manure and bird droppings;
• compost made from plant residues and grass;
• peat;
• green manure (plants that are specially planted on the site for subsequent incorporation into the soil).

For top dressing of peppers, manure of cows, horses and goats (sheep) is used, after preliminary composting for 2-3 years. The rate of manure application to the soil is from 5 to 10 kg per 1 sq. m, depending on soil fertility. Horse manure is considered the best for arranging high warm ridges in a greenhouse. It warms up well, but does not burn the roots of plants.

On a note. Manure tends to extinguish excessive acidity of the soil.

Bird (chicken) droppings are highly concentrated. It is applied under pepper in the form of an aqueous infusion, at a dosage of 1 kg of litter per 15 liters of water. The solution contains a maximum of nitrogen, therefore it is used in the first half of the growing season of pepper.

Composting of plant residues from the garden, weeds, fallen leaves is actively practiced by gardeners who are unable to purchase manure. Compost aged 3-5 years is a valuable complex fertilizer that is applied to the soil before planting a crop, in the same doses as manure.

On a note. You can improve the quality of the prepared compost by watering the pile with Baikal.

Instead of humus, gardeners often use biohumus, a waste product of dung worms. Biohumus is applied to the soil, dissolved in water and the plants are watered under the root. Biohumus is rich in all substances necessary for pepper and does not harm nature.

Sowing green manure (mustard, rye, clover, phacelia) is practiced to improve the soil and enrich it with nutrients. When green manure grass grows 20-25 cm, it is crushed and plowed into the soil, where the green mass rots. In the greenhouse, green manure is sown after harvesting the main crops.

For gardeners, the industry offers ready-made compositions for feeding pepper, in which all the elements necessary for the plant are selected in the correct concentration. They can combine organic and mineral fertilizers in optimal proportions.

The most popular brands are: OMU, Vegetable Kemira, Kind Force, Agricola, Hera, Forte, AVA. It is enough to apply prolonged fertilizers (OMU, AVA) once when planting seedlings in a greenhouse, and the plant will be provided with food for the whole season.

On sale you can also find humic fertilizers - extracts from organic fertilizers (manure, peat, silt). Preparations do not harm plants and the environment, contain essential nutrients and trace elements.

As affordable, inexpensive and non-harmful top dressings, there are:

• herbal infusion;
• ash;
• yeast infusion;
• iodine.

Ash from burning grass, hay, straw and wood, a rich source of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements for the plant in an accessible form. Ash powder can be applied to the soil to reduce acidity, at a dose of 250-300 g per 1 sq. m.

To feed seedlings and adult peppers, an ash infusion is prepared: 2.5 st. spoons of powder pour 5 liters of hot water (but not boiling water!) And insist for a day. Before use, the infusion must be filtered.

Green herb infusion is a source of nitrogen for peppers. It is prepared right in the greenhouse, stuffing a barrel with chopped grass by a third and pouring it with water. The grass sours for about a week, during this time the mass is stirred several times. The finished infusion is diluted 3-5 times and the peppers are watered under the root, spending 0.5 liters per adult plant.

Iodine has the ability to increase the yield of sweet peppers and makes the fruits tastier. A vial of iodine tincture, which is sold in a pharmacy, is dissolved in a bucket of water. Plants are sprayed with a solution at the time of fruit set.

Yeast infusion or dry bread is a complex fertilizer, containing all the basic elements needed by pepper. To prepare the infusion, 10 g of dry yeast or 1 kg of crackers is poured into a bucket of warm water and infused for 2 days in a warm place. To speed up fermentation, you can add a little sugar or old jam to the container. The finished infusion is diluted twice with water and poured under the plants.

Bring great benefits to pepper milk serum. It not only nourishes the plant, but also protects against many diseases. A glass of whey is dissolved in 5 liters of water and the plants on which the crop is ripening are sprayed.

After planting pepper seedlings, plants need to be given time to adapt to a new place. The inevitable damage to the roots during transplantation will not allow the pepper to fully absorb the nutrients. Plants return to normal 12-15 days after transplantation.

2 weeks after planting

At this time, peppers are still actively growing and preparing for flowering. For plants, a complete set of elements is used: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

1. Pepper is watered with an infusion of chicken manure or the soil is mulched with humus. From mineral fertilizers, ammonium nitrate (40 g per 10 l of water) or urea is used.
2. Phosphorus and potassium will give the plant wood ash or superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

You can use the finished composition for feeding bell peppers during this period of time.

During flowering and ovary formation

At this time, peppers can be watered with herbal infusion or bread fertilizer. This will give the plant the nutrition it needs.

To prevent the buds and ovaries from falling off, use boric acid powder, dissolving 10 g in a bucket of water. Plantings are sprayed with the solution.

The preparations "Ovary", "Bud" will help the abundant formation of the ovary. It is useful to spray the plants with a preparation containing trace elements.

During the fruiting period

Fruit growth takes a lot of energy from plants, so peppers are fed every 2 weeks. Use these fertilizers, alternating them:

• herbal infusion or bread fertilizer;
• superphosphate 30 g and potassium sulfate 20 g per 10 liters of water;
• potassium humate 1 g per 10 liters of water (solution consumption 1 liter per plant).

Feeding pepper during fruiting - video

Additional top dressing

The use of crushed eggshells in soil for peppers is a good source of calcium for plants.

At the time of fruit filling, experienced gardeners spray the plants with whey to feed and protect against fungal infections. For the same purpose, tincture of iodine is used.

To carry out top dressing as efficiently as possible, it is recommended to do a soil analysis in the greenhouse. The analysis will give an idea of ​​what type of soil the soil in the greenhouse belongs to and what elements it lacks.

The appearance of plants may indicate a lack of some element:

• yellowing of foliage indicates a lack of nitrogen;
• too violent development of greenery indicates an excess of organic matter;
• reddening of the leaves - peppers lack trace elements.

Healthy plants have bright green foliage, with well-developed even leaf blades.

Water for dissolving fertilizers is taken settled or rainwater, with a temperature of +25-30 degrees.

It is necessary to store mineral fertilizers in a hermetically sealed container, in a dark and dry, cool place.

The best dressings for sweet peppers and application periods - video

Pour this pepper for rapid growth and increased yield - video

Regular fertilizing allows the plant to form a crop that exceeds its capabilities. A balanced feeding of peppers will not harm the plants and will not be deposited in the fruit with nitrates.