Plum details. Cultivation, useful properties and variety selection

If you are the owner of a summer house or a large private house, then for sure you were faced with the question of which trees to plant in the garden. Then this article is just for you. Today we will give you an overview of the most popular garden trees and shrubs, as well as give you tips on how to care for them. So, let's start with the most sought-after representatives of the flora.

Classification of garden trees and shrubs

Before planting a plot with certain garden plants, it is worth identifying their purpose. Traditionally there are two types:

1. Garden fruit trees and shrubs.
2. Garden ornamental trees and shrubs.

If you plan to use the site for harvesting, then you should opt for the first type. And the second type is suitable for those for whom the garden is a place to relax and admire nature. The following sections will take a closer look at each type of garden plant.

Fruit trees and shrubs

So, you have decided to use all the resources of the site to get a rich and tasty harvest. Then this section is for you. Let's start with a list of the most popular garden trees:

• Apple tree. In almost every site you can find at least a couple of such fruit trees. And in order to enjoy the fruits almost all year round, plant 3 varieties of apple trees - winter, summer and autumn.
• Pear. Juicy ripe fruits of this tree must be on your site. After all, these fruits are a storehouse of essential vitamins.
• Cherry and sweet cherry. Due to the short ripening period and juicy fleshy berries, these are favorite crops in our country.
• Peaches and apricots. Especially favorite trees in the southern regions of our country. Incredibly tasty jam, compotes and liqueurs - all this can be prepared from juicy and ripe fruits.
• Plum. Traditional culture in any area. A berry from which you can make jam or prepare it for the winter in the form of dried fruits.

Fruit bushes are just as necessary on the site as trees. Be sure to place red, black and white currants. After all, you can use not only their berries, but also fragrant leaves rich in vitamin C. Gooseberries, raspberries and barberries are also popular among gardeners in almost any region. A little less often you can meet bushes of shadberry, dogwood and honeysuckle.

Combination of fruit plants

Planting a garden with fruit crops should be treated with special responsibility. After all, it is important not only to choose a variety of certain trees, as well as shrubs, but also to take into account their comfortable placement on the site. Very often, inexperienced gardeners, wanting to plant the land with a large number of crops, do not care at all about their combination with each other. But not only the quantity and quality of the harvested crop, but also the health of garden trees as a whole directly depends on the rational planting of garden trees.

A special remark can be made about the walnut tree. If the climate of your region allows you to grow this plant, then be prepared for the fact that it is necessary to allocate a fairly large area for it. Due to the high content of tannins in its leaves, the soil at 18-20 m around becomes unsuitable for growing any other trees and shrubs.

Not the best neighbors there will be apricots with cherries, as well as peaches with cherries. Despite the similarity of cultures among themselves, such trees should not be planted at a close distance from each other. Also, cherries do not tolerate the proximity of pears and apples.

Raspberry bushes should be planted away from apple and pear trees. Hawthorn bushes do not tolerate neighborhood with cherries.

Quite a capricious pear. In addition to cherries, it also does not coexist with cherry plums, barberry bushes and raspberries.

Caring for fruit trees and shrubs

Like any fruit-bearing crop, trees and shrubs require timely and proper care. One of the most important roles in this is the pruning of garden trees. It is thanks to her that it is possible not only to maintain the proper appearance of the plant, but also to extend its fruiting period. By carefully removing excess branches, you can achieve the appearance of gaps that will allow the sun's rays to cover more fruit-bearing shoots. And this means that you will have an increased chance of getting a rich and healthy harvest.

Removal of old plants

Sometimes, when acquiring a plot, you can meet old, withered trees and kick. In this case, it is necessary to make a complete release of the site by sawing garden trees and uprooting stumps. Today, there are many organizations that can make your work easier. But if you want, you can clean your site yourself.

How to do it? There are no special requirements for cleaning the site from unsuitable plants. It is necessary to cut down an old tree as low as possible - this will make it easier to remove the stump. And this is simply necessary. It is imperative to remove stumps, as they are an excellent breeding ground for fungal diseases and pests.

Diseases of garden trees

Fruit trees are quite susceptible to various diseases. In this section, we will show you how to recognize these diseases and give you tips on how to deal with them.

• Rust. It appears as numerous brownish or brown spots on the leaves and contributes to their early fall. You can fight this disease by immediately removing the infected areas.
• Cystosporosis. With this disease, small wounds form on the tree, from which a gum-like resin oozes. This is dangerous because other diseases develop very quickly in such places. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the affected branches in a timely manner and close the damage with garden pitch.
• Scab. Common fungal disease that affects both young shoots and ripened fruits. You can recognize this disease by greenish-brown spots that appear on the leaves and on the fruits. Fighting scab is quite simple: carefully dig the ground around a tree or bush, and also burn the foliage in the autumn.
• Powdery mildew. It is characterized by a white powdery coating on shoots, leaves and fruits. There are other signs as well. With the progression of the disease, the growth of the shoots stops, the leaves dry out and fall off. To fight powdery mildew spraying with boiling water or a solution of soda ash.
• Anthracnose. Most often, the disease manifests itself with high humidity and looks like brownish sores on the stems and leaves. Progressing, the disease causes the leaves of garden trees to curl and fall off. The main method of combating the disease is the timely detection and immediate destruction of infected parts of the plant.

Ornamental trees and shrubs

To create a harmonious view of the territory of your garden, it is best to seek help from a specialist in this matter - a landscape designer. It is he who will tell optimal combination certain trees and shrubs that are suitable for your site. In general, planting ornamental plants comes down to emphasizing the relief of the territory and creating compositions that emphasize all the advantages of the garden.

Features of planting ornamental plants

The main principle of landscape design is planting according to the principle of tiering. This means that you should not randomly mix trees and shrubs, but plant them according to the height of the plants: from low to high or vice versa. Be sure to take into account the light and shade of the plant. Also, when creating a composition, it is necessary to pay attention to the seasonality of trees and shrubs. That is, each compositional group should perform decorative functions throughout the season.

Popular ornamental trees and shrubs for the garden

Every year the range of these plants is growing incredibly fast. We will give a list of the most popular and least whimsical trees and shrubs to care for, with which you can decorate your garden plot.

Conclusion

Today we introduced you to the most popular fruit and ornamental garden trees and shrubs, and also told how to combine them correctly. They shared information about planting and caring for seedlings, as well as the features of removing old and unsuitable plants.

After receiving land for a cottage or dacha, the owners have a problem: what trees to plant on the site? This issue is the second most important after the capital buildings. An unsuccessful garden bed or flower bed can be redone next year, and tree crops develop for a long time, you may notice your mistake when the apple tree has already reached a large size and is bearing fruit. Do not rush to the nursery, first of all, open the plan of the territory and mark the landing sites on it. When you are sure that everything is done correctly, you can purchase planting material.

What breeds to choose

Of course, any summer resident wants to have on the site all kinds of plants that exist in the world. You have to limit yourself.

The list of desired crops will be significantly reduced by the following conditions:

• climate;
• plot size;
• relief features;
• the soil;
• the ability to provide complex care.

The success of breeders allows you to grow exotic plants in the middle lane, but their possibilities are not unlimited. Palm trees on outdoors will not grow in the Arctic, no matter how hard you try. First of all, pay attention to the species that have always grown in your area. If you want exotic novelties, contact your local nursery, experts will give you advice on which varieties can survive in your conditions. At the same time, keep in mind that rare breeds require careful care. Do you have enough time and energy to properly grow a capricious tree?

Features of the soil and relief also make their own adjustments. Not every tree can survive in a swamp, on a stone cliff covered with thin layer rocky ground, or on steep northern slopes. Ground waters are distinguished by great insidiousness. The seedling will take root perfectly, will grow for several years, but will die as soon as the roots grow to a wet layer. You can arrange good drainage, dig huge pits in rocky ground and fill them fertile soil- the tree will still feel bad. Think about whether these efforts are worth a bucket of fruit, maybe it would be right to plant other species, and buy a bucket of peaches on the market.

How many trees will fit on the plot

Any site is not unlimited and can accommodate a certain number of trees and tall shrubs. If you plant fruit crops too close together to save space, they will grow oppressed, often get sick and produce a poor harvest. Remember that trees should be planted at a distance of at least 5 m from one another, and between tall bushes must be at least 3 m.

On the small areas it would be correct to give preference to the columnar form. The crown of these trees has the appearance of a neat column, takes up little space and facilitates maintenance. Trees on dwarf rootstocks are very convenient. When harvesting from low plantations, you do not have to pretend to be a stuntman, trying to reach an apple hanging at a height of ten meters.

When calculating the number of trees of the same species, it should be taken into account that some species, such as cherries and sweet cherries, grow only in groups. If you do not really like these berries, do not plant one on the site. Cherry tree, it is better to completely abandon such plants. Some species, such as walnuts, do not tolerate the neighborhood of other species and will oppress the apple trees and peaches planted around it.

When planting tall crops near the border of the site, you enter into legislative relations with your neighbors. A beautiful young linden in a few years will grow to 30 m, develop a lush crown and shade half of someone else's territory. If you want to have tall trees, plant them with south side areas for recreation and picnics, where they will create a pleasant coolness in the summer heat.

Dwarf trees or shrubs up to 2 m high are suitable for hedges. When planting tall species, choose those that tolerate a haircut well, and you can always shorten them in accordance with the norms.

A good fence will come from the following shrubs:

• lilac;
• dwarf spruce.

The side facing the busy highway can also be fenced off with tall trees. A lush crown will protect the site from noise, dust and exhaust gases. In this place it is not recommended to plant fruit crops or plants whose leaves and flowers you are going to use in medicinal purposes.

Even on the small plot Fruit trees are sure to grow. When laying a garden, an inexperienced summer resident may choose the wrong breed. As a result, the main area will be occupied by crops whose fruits you do not particularly need, and there will be little room for the most important fruits. Before buying seedlings, think, do you need 20 cherries? In a few years, they will give such a harvest that it will be enough for a whole microdistrict. If you want to grow berries for commercial purposes, then do it, but one family does not need so many fruits.

You have already defined . Now make a list of the breeds you want to plant. In the first line, mark the most reliable and necessary, for example. The next item will go to crops of lesser importance, and the list of plantings that can be dispensed with is closed. Also last, take trees that are poorly adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of your site. Purchases start from the top line and move down. In this way, you will correctly set up a garden that is guaranteed to provide you with the most necessary fruits.

If there is not enough space in the garden and you want to grow different types of apples or plums, use grafting. On one tree you will have branches with fruits different varieties.

When space allows, you can experiment, try to grow exotic fruit trees. If you choose the right varieties and skillfully care for plantings, in northern regions peaches will grow, and in the south bananas and mangoes. Only if you plant a plot with some rare crops, you risk being completely without a crop.

In any garden, it is desirable to have several varieties of the following crops:

• apple trees;
• mountain ash;

decorative landings

In the country, you can plant not only fruit trees, but also decorative species. Birch at the gate, mountain ash under the window, cypress alley will give the site individuality, create good mood. If the area allows, you can arrange a small forest with a barbecue, a fire for picnics. Strawberries will grow in an open clearing, in the shade -. If you want to plant mushrooms, keep in mind that each species loves its own tree. Butterflies and mushrooms grow well under Christmas trees, aspen and boletus - in deciduous forests.

When planting trees on the site, one should not forget about the safety of the owners and guests. Do not grow poisonous plants. Breeds with fragile wood should be located away from houses and paths: in strong winds, a large branch can break off and fall on a person or knock out a window. When planting trees near buildings, it must be taken into account that plants with strong roots destroy the foundation over time.

If you believe in horoscopes and folk omens, you can decorate the site in accordance with the magical recommendations. Sometimes these tips contradict each other. There is only one way out: trust your intuition. Hold a seedling in your hands, imagine it as a mature tree on your site and think about how you feel about it. It is believed that willow and willow have no place in the garden, they symbolize suffering and death. But if in your dreams a pond surrounded by these thickets is associated with happiness, romantic feelings, peace - create such a corner, plants will not bring you anything bad.

To decorate the landscape, you can dig up trees or shrubs growing in the nearest forest, or purchase specially bred ornamental species. From ordinary spruce, breeders have created many varieties with a wide variety of needle colors.

To create a design, you can use:

• acacia;
• larch;
• cypress;
• palm tree
• bird cherry;
• mountain ash;

How to plant trees

The best time to plant ornamental and stone fruit trees is early spring. It is desirable that the seedlings have not yet begun to produce leaves. Seed crops - apple, pear - should be planted in the fall. The age of the seedling is 1-2 years. Young trees tolerate transplanting more easily, take root quickly. It is advisable not to order trees from remote regions, but to purchase from a local nursery, then you will be sure that this species can live in your climate.

You brought seedlings, now you need to mark the holes. Try to place landings so that the most tall trees were on the north side of the garden, and dwarf ones - on the south, then everyone will have enough sun.

Each breed has its own subtleties of landing, but there are general rules.

1. The size of the hole should be such that the roots fit freely there.
2. At the bottom you need to pour sand or gravel for drainage.
3. When backfilling, first of all, the top is thrown at the roots. fertile layer soil.
4. The grafting site should be a few centimeters above ground level.
5. The planted tree must be tied to a firmly fixed peg so that the wind does not sway it.

After planting, be attentive to the young tree. Shade it before rooting and keep the soil moist. It will be correct to add hydrogel to the soil when planting, it regulates soil moisture both in drought and during prolonged rains. Be sure to mulch the trunk circle, then loosening and weeding will not be required, and you will not disturb the finely located roots.

Output

In the summer cottage, first of all, you need to plant trees that grow well and bear fruit in your conditions. If there is not enough room for ornamental crops, you can make an apple or cherry alley, surround a recreation area with fruit crops. Exotic crops are best planted if there is free space and time for complex care.

When landing, you need to take into account. Some varieties do not set fruit at all if there is no tree of a similar type nearby. Cherries and sweet cherries alone will give a meager harvest. If you are afraid that you yourself will not be able to cope with this work, contact the specialists. A qualified team will properly green the site, you just have to take care of the plants and harvest.

In the hands of caring gardeners berry bushes can become a real decoration of the site. Lovingly grown fruits will delight you with a delicious harvest throughout the season.

The arrangement of the garden plot is not complete without fruit and berry bushes and trees. In a garden with a beautiful landscape design, there should be a place for a berry bush: raspberries, gooseberries, currants, sea buckthorn, honeysuckle, blackberries, blueberries, shadberries. We offer you an overview of the most popular shrubs.

Raspberries

Surely you have heard about the wonderful. It is hard to imagine that raspberry bushes used to grow exclusively in forests. And only a few centuries later they began to breed it in garden plots. Raspberries have many advantages, in the garden it is simply necessary. Shrubs, depending on the variety, have red berries, yellow and purple-black are less common.

Varieties of raspberries

• Traditional varieties of early, medium and late ripening. Adapt to any conditions. The disadvantage is low productivity.
• Large-fruited are considered high-yielding. Allow to grow berries weighing up to 12 grams each.
• The most popular are remontants. Fruiting begins in the first year.

Features of care

Berry shrub requires regular watering, loosening and. Landing is done in spring or autumn. For the winter, the soil around the bush is insulated. In the spring, it is necessary to trim and garter. All of the above measures will be useless if you do not protect the bush from diseases.

Harvest with gloves, as the bushes of many varieties have thorns on the branches.

Gooseberry

Gooseberries are often called northern grapes or Russian cherry plums. Unpretentious culture gives good harvests. Bushes feel great in lighted areas. Afraid of shade and waterlogging. You can find gooseberries in almost all regions. Bushes begin to bear fruit from the third year. Berries can be green, yellow or red-brown. There are at least 1500 varieties

Unlike currants, gooseberries are not afraid of drought.

gooseberry varieties

• European varieties - praised for their high palatability. The disadvantage is instability to disease and frost.
• American - not afraid of drought, give a good harvest. The size of the berries are inferior to European varieties.
• Hybrid - combine all the best. In garden plots are considered the most common.

Features of care

Gooseberries do not tolerate acidic soils, it is recommended to add garden compost, lime to the planting trench. Bushes are planted in September. When planting in the spring, the plant may die. Old and dry branches must be pruned. Harvest gooseberries as they ripen. Because of the thorns on the branches, it is best to do this with gloves.

Blackberry

In the garden, blackberries are grown relatively recently, before they could only be found in the wild.

In terms of taste, it surpassed raspberries. A shrub with a perennial rhizome was not in demand because of the sharp thorns. However, thanks to the breeders appeared. It has an external resemblance to a black raspberry. Tastes sour.

Blackberry varieties

• upright blackberry- is considered the most common. Bushes give a good harvest and save space on the site.
• Semi-creeping varieties are extremely rare. Experienced gardeners recommend planting this variety.
• Repair blackberry - allows you to harvest 2 crops per season: June, August.

Features of care

Gives a rich harvest on well-fed land. In straight-growing varieties, it is necessary to tie up young stems. Blackberries are planted in a trench strictly along the line, otherwise care may be difficult. During the fruiting period, the bushes need to be watered abundantly.

Honeysuckle

Edible varieties of honeysuckle are popularly called "rejuvenating berries". The name appeared not by chance, since the berries contain the element of youth - selenium. Shrubs bloom beautifully, so they are often used for decorative purposes. However, to a greater extent, the berry is valued as useful storehouse vitamins.

Ripens in mid-May. The berry has a slightly bitter specific taste.

Varieties of honeysuckle

• Long-fruited honeysuckle - medium-sized bushes are distinguished by a cylindrical shape of berries.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeders by crossing varieties of berries.
• Mid-late varieties - allow you to harvest honeysuckle until late autumn.

Features of care

Bushes do not tolerate shade well. When choosing a landing site, it is better to give preference to sunny places. Suitable for planting, both in autumn and spring period. In the spring, this must be done before the start of the growing season. Honeysuckle grows slowly so that the bush takes root and bears fruit well, it is fed.

Bushes aged 6-8 years require sanitary pruning. Dead branches must be removed. Young shoots do not need to be pruned.

Currant

Perennial currant shrubs can be found in garden plots and forest plantations. Berries are famous palatability and useful features. Unpretentious care bushes allow you to collect rich harvests. It is almost impossible to choose one single variety for the site. The best option will be the cultivation of several species at once. Seedlings adequately overcome the harsh natural disasters in a cold winter.

Varieties of currant

• Blackcurrant of early, medium and late ripening. Large-fruited varieties are considered the most popular.
• Red currant - differs in more weighty clusters. Bushes can grow without transplanting up to 20 years.
• White currant - the variety is not inferior to red in taste and benefits.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeding varieties of gooseberries and currants.

Features of care

Yields well in well-drained soil. Cannot be planted in an acidic environment. During growing season loosening of the soil is required. Do not allow the soil to dry out; in dry weather, it is necessary to provide watering.

In autumn, you need to rejuvenate the bushes by trimming outdated branches.

Blueberry

In many regions, it is considered a rare growing berry. More often it can be found in the wild. Among gardeners, there is a growing interest in growing promising varieties on their plots. Thanks to proper care you can have a good harvest of useful berries.

Blueberries look like blueberries.

Varieties of blueberries

• Tall varieties - feel good as a hedge. Their bushes are branched, the berries have an intense, blue or blue color.
• Low-growing blueberry - blooms luxuriantly in spring, pleases excellent harvests and neatness of the bushes.
• Southern varieties - were eaten out by hybridization for growing in arid climates.

Features of care

At home, it is better to grow not wild, but more adapted cultivated varieties. Bushes take root well, regardless of the method of planting by seeds or by dividing the bush. Pruning is carried out on adult bushes, starting from 5-6 years of plant life.

Blueberries are very whimsical to the soil, it needs to create fertile conditions.

Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn bushes can be found near water bodies, which is why they are often called "sea thorn". Experienced gardeners manage to successfully grow it on their plots. The use of berries is very wide, they are mainly used for medicinal purposes. Sea buckthorn oil is considered especially valuable.

Sea buckthorn varieties

• Early, middle and late ripening - garden varieties of sea buckthorn.
• Botanical grade - practically has no thorns.
• Large-fruited varieties - sweeter in taste, do not have thorns.

Features of care

The bush will bear fruit if a female and male specimen of sea buckthorn is planted nearby. For the winter, it requires shelter of the soil; it does not tolerate severe frosts very well. Pruning is carried out in the spring. A bush aged 8-12 years requires rejuvenation under the stump. Watering the plant is not necessary, except in drought.

Irga

A beautiful plant is often used as an ornamental shrub. And only a few know how useful berries grow on it. Having once tasted the berries of the irgi, the gardener will definitely want to plant a bush in his area. The plant is not only useful, but also winter-hardy, withstands harsh weather conditions.

The taste of irgi berries is somewhat reminiscent of cherries.

Varieties of irgi

• Alder-leaved irga - plentifully blooming in spring bush. In autumn, the leaves turn bright colors. From a plant you can get up to 10 kg of berries.
• Canadian shadberry is a tall tree-like shrub. The berries are fleshy and pleasant in taste.
• Irga blood-red is a slender, medium-sized shrub. The berries are very juicy, with a thin delicate skin.

Features of care

It is considered an unpretentious plant, practically does not require care. Shrubs love abundant watering, especially during the growing season.

The first 2-3 years, it is necessary to form a bush by cutting. At a later age, the plant is rejuvenated.

Berries attract birds, the harvest must be harvested in a timely manner as they ripen.

By planting several varieties of shrubs, you can diversify the range of fruit seedlings in the garden. Regarding the choice of plants, it is so large that it will not be possible to advise something with confidence. Species and varieties must be selected taking into account the individual characteristics of plants.

Is there room for a vegetable garden in your backyard? Then it's time to start planting fruit bushes. These plants will provide you with your own harvest of berries. In addition to their main function, they are actively used by specialists in landscape design to decorate the backyard.

Species diversity of fruit bushes

These plants are traditional residents of summer cottages of our compatriots. They are independent of fashion and natural disasters. Growing fruit bushes does not require much work, knowledge and special skills. They do not take up much space, some species are able to grow and bear fruit even in ordinary flower pots.

Berries are a storehouse of vitamins

List of the best berry bushes for our country

• Currant

Black has mixed flower buds. They are formed on annual shoots and, after harvest, germinate into kolchatka. After 5 years, the branches of this plant grow old. To restore productivity, they are removed, making room for young branches. A blackcurrant bush that has been growing for more than 10 years is best replaced with a young one.

The life expectancy of red currant is about 18 years. This plant tolerates frost and drought well.

Harvest of red and black currants

• Gooseberry

The bush is able to bear fruit for 25 years. Needs additional protection from frost, does not tolerate high humidity.

Gooseberries are not only tasty, but also healthy

• Raspberries red, black or purple

These fruit and berry shrubs are self-pollinating, tolerate frost well, and are unpretentious in care.

Raspberries are loved by adults and children

• Blackberry

It is very similar to raspberries, but inferior to it in frost resistance.

• edible honeysuckle

Even severe frost is not terrible for this plant, it is great for forming a hedge on your site.

In the country, you can even plant exotic southern fruit bushes. However, it is simply unrealistic to wait for their harvest in the middle lane.

The main features of the berry garden

When choosing a place to plant bushes, it is important to remember that they will grow in one place for 10-15 years. Well-lit places are best suited for fruit trees and shrubs or small slopes.

Having abandoned the traditional way of planting berry bushes in one or two lines, you can decorate your site with original edges or borders along the paths, decorate dull fences or unsightly places in your garden.

Perennial branchy shrub of edible honeysuckle can reach 2 m in height

All berry bushes require moderately moist fertile soil.

At the same time, they do not like waterlogging and high level water, so you need to take care of drainage in advance. For this it is recommended:

• introduce drainage materials into the soil;
• lay an additional drainage layer in the landing pits;
• for planting plants in low places, use raised hailstones.

It is advisable to start preparing a place for placing a berry garden 1.5 months before planting. It is worth taking care in advance of leveling the relief of the site, removing all weeds and digging up the ground. If necessary, liming the soil is carried out, horticultural mixtures, mineral or organic fertilizers are applied.

Planting season selection

The ideal time for planting seedlings of shrubs and fruit trees is autumn or spring.

Main advantages autumn planting – huge selection planting material and optimally prepared soil.

In some climatic zones autumn planting is not acceptable due to significant freezing of the soil, which negatively affects the strengthening of the root system and the adaptation of seedlings.

The advantages of spring planting are the organization of a high-quality preparatory process and the acceleration of fruiting.

It should be noted that fruit bushes planted in spring need frequent watering.

Note!
When choosing a planting time, it is necessary to take into account climatic conditions, soil characteristics, quality of seedlings, etc.

Pruning fruit bushes

All fruit and berry bushes need pruning, during which their crown is shaped like a bowl with an open center.

For pruning, you will need a pruner and a little skill.

Thanks to this manipulation:

• plants have optimal access to sunshine;
• improves air circulation;
• productivity increases;
• the risk of infection of the shoots is reduced;
• maintenance is greatly facilitated.

The process of pruning fruit trees and shrubs involves the removal of dry and diseased branches, as well as shoots located too low or touching the ground.

Blackcurrants are pruned in the summer at harvest time. To limit excessive growth, the tops of the branches are pinched.

The best equipment for autumn digging the soil in the berry fields is a shovel for the lazy

On bushes of gooseberries and red currants, it is enough to leave the five strongest branches. The rest of the growth is cut off. During the intermediate summer pruning young branches are shortened to a few leaves. This technique allows you to direct all the forces of the plant not to the growth of foliage, but to the ripening of fruits on old branches.

An integrated approach is the key to a good harvest

Care for berry bushes is not limited to regular watering and timely pruning.

In the autumn, they need top dressing. For this purpose, you can use manure, compost or humus. The total amount of organic fertilizers should not exceed 20 kg per currant or gooseberry bush and 8 kg per raspberry bush. It should be noted that the annual use of organic fertilizers adversely affects the condition of plants, so it is recommended to apply them no more than once every two to three years.

Fruit bushes will respond to good care with high yields.

From the arsenal of mineral fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium preparations are used.

It is important!
For autumn top dressing, you can not use manure and nitrogen fertilizers, as they activate the growth of branches. With the onset of cold weather, young shoots die without having time to lignify.

After fertilizing, the soil is dug up with an ordinary shovel or garden fork. In order not to hurt root system it is necessary to limit the depth of digging near shrubs at the level of 5-6 cm.

In general, care fruit bushes does not present any particular difficulties even for beginner gardeners. We wish you a rich harvest of large fleshy berries!

Beautiful, convenient and practical - such properties are quite difficult to combine in one object, especially if this object is a plant. And it is especially difficult to pick up such plants for a small garden, for example, six hundred. But they are! Ornamental shrubs with edible, tasty and healthy fruits are unpretentious, do not require special attention, grow well and bear fruit in central Russia, and some of them in more northern regions. Choose what you like!

The most unpretentious

Irga is often used in ornamental gardening. As a fruit plant, this is a real find for busy gardeners who do not have the opportunity to care for capricious crops, but still want fresh fruits. Even with minimal care, irga will provide you with sweet berries that can be eaten fresh, frozen, dried or made into jam or compote. In addition, they are useful: they contain about the same amount of vitamin C as plums, as well as significant doses of B vitamins. The fruits contain substances that help prevent myocardial infarction and vascular diseases. In addition, fresh irga works as a mild sedative.

What does it look like?

Irga round-leaved is a dense tall shrub up to 4-6 m high. If you graft it onto a red mountain ash, you get a tree on a trunk. The leaves are oval or rounded, turning reddish-yellow in autumn. The flowers are small, white or slightly creamy, collected in racemes like bird cherry blossoms, bloom in May. Small (diameter 8-10 mm) apple-fruits when ripe become almost black with a bluish bloom. Ripen in July.

Agricultural technology

Irga is so unpretentious that it can grow on its own without any problems. It is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, undemanding to soil conditions, but prefers fertile, neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Grows well in both sun and partial shade. Requires virtually no maintenance and specific pruning. It is very rarely damaged by pests and diseases - sometimes it is attacked by a leafworm and hawthorn.

Fruiting plants respond well to top dressing (early spring or autumn) organic fertilizers: manure humus with the addition of superphosphate or ash, infusion of bird droppings, etc. Adult bushes are thinned out from time to time, leaving no more than 10-15 trunks in each.

Irgu is most convenient to grow from root offspring. They are dug up in the spring and immediately planted on permanent place. After planting, the aerial part is cut off, leaving only stumps no more than 5 cm. As a result, the plant directs all its forces to rooting, which has a positive effect on survival.

Varieties

In our country, there are selected forms of shadberry with large fruits, very good taste, not inferior to imported varieties of a related species - Canadian shadberry, as well as the Krasnoyarskaya variety (winter-hardy and productive, late ripening, fruits above average size, bush height - up to 4 m).

Irga grows wild in North America, East China, Korea and Japan, North Africa, Central and Southern Europe. Of its 25 species, most are found in North America, and only one is common in our country - round-leaved shadberry (Amelanchier rotundifolia). Irga was introduced into the culture in the 16th century in Europe. And the first industrial plantations appeared in the second half of the 19th century in the United States. These were the largest-fruited forms selected from wild plants. In our time, the Russians also fell in love with the irga, who grow it almost throughout Russia, - however, mainly in amateur gardens.

The most golden

The golden currant is very beautiful during flowering - after all, its flowers are much larger than those of its black or red relatives, and are brightly colored in golden yellow. In autumn, its foliage turns first orange-red, and then crimson-carmine color. This currant is no less valuable as a berry crop. Its fragrant fruits are distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances (vitamins C, E, P, carotene, pectins, organic acids). They also contain iodine and other trace elements. Berries are sweeter than black currant. They are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing into jams, jams, compotes, wine, for drying and freezing.

Golden currant. Photo: Anna Solovieva

What does it look like?

Golden currant is a deciduous shrub up to 2-2.5 m high. The leaves resemble gooseberry leaves. The flowers are golden, fragrant, collected in racemes 3-7 cm long. The berries are black or purple-brown with a diameter of 6-8 mm. Golden currant blooms in May for 15-20 days, bears fruit in July.

Agricultural technology

Golden currant is distinguished by an increased ability to withstand many vicissitudes environment. It endures winter troubles, drought and heat. The leaves can withstand temperatures up to 40 ° C without burns, and late flowering avoids damage to flowers and ovaries by recurrent spring frosts. Golden currant is resistant to pests and diseases and has a good yield. This currant requires almost no care, with the exception of pruning, which is done according to the same principle as the black currant. It is advisable to have several different varieties in the garden - single plants are self-fertile and may be left without berries.

Varieties

The most famous are Venus (black berries), Laysan (yellowish berries), Shafak (dark red berries), as well as new varieties of golden currants created at the M. A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia (Barnaul): Gift to Ariadne, Siberian Sun, Barnaulskaya, Levushka, Valentina, Ida, Gift of Altai. Golden currant can be propagated by green and lignified cuttings, dividing the bush, root shoots and even seeds (not varietal).

This crop originates from the wild golden currant (Ribes aureum), which grows in the western part of North America. In a culture with early nineteenth century. In Russia, I. V. Michurin was the first to pay attention to it, who, from sowing the seeds of the American variety Krandal, bred several varieties, including the Krandal seedling, which became one of the founders modern varieties. In 1930–1940, golden currant, as an undemanding to soil conditions and drought-resistant plant, began to be included in the list of crops for shelterbelts in the steppe regions of the USSR. Then it spread in the southern regions of Russia already as a berry plant.

The most versatile

The black elderberry is used as an ornamental, medicinal, melliferous and fruit plant. In ancient times, it was believed that it heals a person and prolongs his life, and for this she was called a sacred tree. Ripe fruits of black elderberry are pleasant to taste, contain vitamins C and E, carotene, tannins, glycosides, anthocyanins, essential oil and other biologically valuable substances. They are eaten both fresh and processed. They make jam, jam, marmalade and various drinks. The sap is used to color foods and wines, and the flowers are used in medicine. By mixing one part of dried black elderberry flowers with three parts of ordinary tea, an aromatic medicinal tea is obtained.

Elder. Photo: Shutterstock.com / Rashid Valitov

What does it look like?

Black elderberry is a deciduous shrub or small tree up to 7 m high. With leaves, it looks like the well-known red elderberry. Yellowish-white small flowers are collected in lush inflorescences, "clouds", located at the ends of annual branches. They have a pleasant aroma. Fruits - up to 7 mm in diameter, often round, shiny, juicy, fragrant, edible. Elderberry blossoms in May-June, fruits ripen in August-September.

Agricultural technology

Black elderberry is one of the most undemanding plants, but it grows and develops better on fertile and moderately moist soils. Grows fast. Shade-tolerant, heat-loving - it does not occur in nature north of the forest-steppe zone, but it tolerates dry air well and is practically not affected by diseases and pests (sometimes the tops of the shoots can be populated by aphids, less often - spider mite). Easily propagated by seeds (they must be sown immediately after harvest due to the rapid loss of germination), root offspring, layering and cuttings. You can plant elderberry both in spring and autumn.

Varieties

Of the decorative black elderberry, varieties with an interesting crown shape are known: Pyramidalis (columnar), Pendula (weeping), Nana (in the form of a ball). There are varieties with unusual leaves - golden (Aureo-variegata, Aurea) or very delicate (Laciniata). Known varieties of black elderberry, created in the United States and in Western Europe: Hidden Springs, Johns, Kent, Nova, Scotia, Victoria, York and others.

Photo: Shutterstock.com / Ralf Neumann

Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) as a fruit crop was introduced into cultivation 100 years ago in the USA, and then in Western Europe, especially in Germany, Austria, Holland. In Russia, it is known more as an ornamental and medicinal plant.

The brightest

The bright fruits of the common dogwood are tasty and healthy. The biologically active components included in their composition normalize arterial pressure prevent sclerosis. Dogwood is useful as a tonic and anti-inflammatory agent, it is useful in diseases gastrointestinal tract. IN folk medicine it is used for metabolic disorders, joint pain, skin diseases, anemia. Dogwood fruits are used raw, for making jams, compotes, marmalade, juices and sauces. How ornamental plant dogwood is especially effective during flowering and at the time of fruiting.

Dogwood. Photo: Dmitry Bryksin

What does it look like?

Common dogwood, or male dogwood, is a shrub or small tree up to 5 m high. It blooms early, before the leaves bloom (in April). The flowers are small, yellow, collected in umbellate inflorescences. Fruits are oval or pear-shaped, juicy, 1-3 cm long, with an oblong stone, ripen in August - September. They taste sweet and sour, slightly astringent. By the way, the color of dogwood is not always red - there are forms with pink, yellow and black berries.

Agricultural technology

Dogwood is a drought-resistant, shade-tolerant and rather frost-resistant plant (many specimens grow normally in the Central region). It is undemanding to soils, but it reaches the best development on fertile clayey, moderately moist, lime-containing soil. Forms a powerful, but shallow root system.

On the personal plot it is necessary to plant at least two dogwood plants of different varieties - only in this case you can count on the harvest. Dogwood is extremely sensitive to fertilization. Therefore, when planting in a pit, neither manure, nor humus, nor mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the culture loves calcium, so lime is added. The pits are made small, no deeper than two bayonets of a shovel, and the roots are covered with fertile soil. Dogwood does not need special pruning; when leaving, only broken, intertwining and thickening branches are removed. The plant is quite resistant to pests and diseases. The soil under the dogwood cannot be deeply loosened - it is cultivated no deeper than 2-5 cm.

In country conditions, dogwood is most rationally propagated by green cuttings or grafting.

Photo: Dmitry Bryksin

Varieties

For the southern regions there are many fruit varieties this culture. In Central Russia, the Bulgarian pear-shaped and Coral varieties feel good. Their fruits are large, tasty and numerous. Of the decorative forms, the most famous dogwoods are Aurea - with yellow leaves, Macrocarpa - with large fruits, Flava - with yellow fruits, Pyramidalis - with a pyramidal crown, and many others.

The bright red fruits of dogwood, tasty and healthy, are well known to the inhabitants of the southern regions of our country, the Crimea and the Caucasus, Southern Europe and Asia Minor, where it mainly grows. wonderful plant, one of the most ancient used by man for food. old legend says that Romulus, the founder of Rome, outlined the boundaries of the future city with his spear, and then stuck it into the ground - and the shaft of the spear took root and bloomed. This is how the first dogwood tree appeared. In fact, dogwood is much older - back in the Stone Age primitive people appreciated its fruits and actively harvested. Interestingly, the correct, botanical, name of the plant is male deren (Cornus mas). This is the only species from the genus Deren that has edible fruits.

The most healing

Schisandra chinensis is widely used in ornamental gardening for vertical gardening and decorating walls, arbors and other buildings, as well as a berry crop and a medicinal plant. Fruit juice is added to compotes, jelly and syrups. Dry ground fruits or seeds of lemongrass are used for fatigue and stress, but only as directed by a doctor. Brewed from leaves and bark fragrant tea, which has a tonic effect, which may well replace natural coffee.

Lemongrass. Photo: Elena Kozhina

What does it look like?

Lemongrass is a climbing deciduous vine. The plant is very powerful - it can climb to a height of 4-5 and even 10 m. In autumn, the leaves turn into ocher-yellow or yellow-orange tones. The flowers are white, waxy, up to 2 cm in diameter, fragrant, located in the axil of the leaf, 3-5 pieces. From one flower, a whole "brush" is obtained, sometimes up to 10 cm long, consisting of round red two-seeded berries. The pulp of the berries is juicy, very sour, with the smell of lemon, edible, but not for everybody.

Agricultural technology

Best of all, lemongrass grows on rich, moderately moist and well-drained soils, in partial shade and in places protected from the wind. Suitable for planting 2-3-year-old seedlings. An important feature of lemongrass is the need for a support along which it rises. Without support, plants will give a lot of root shoots and spread along the ground, and in such cases there is no need to talk about flowering and fruiting. Caring for lemongrass comes down to removing old branches and shortening or pinching too long shoots up to 10-12 buds, watering and fertilizing with mineral (spring and autumn) and organic (after flowering) fertilizers.

In country conditions, lemongrass is easiest to propagate by root offspring.

Varieties

There are several selected varieties of Schisandra chinensis. There are 4 varieties of lemongrass in the State Register: Volgar, Debut, Myth, Pervenets.

This extraordinarily beautiful and useful liana has come to the gardens middle lane Russia from the forests Far East. Schisandra chinensis (Schizandra chinensis) - this is its botanical name - in its value is in second place after the famous root of life - ginseng. Even in ancient oriental medicine, it was valued as a valuable medicinal plant that gives a person vigor and prolongs youth. And lemongrass is also called the fruit of five tastes, since the pulp of the fruit is sour, the skin is sweet, when the fruit is chewed, a bitter and pungent taste is felt, and the infusion from the seeds is salty. Lemongrass is also called the plant because of the pleasant lemon aroma that many of its parts - bark, leaves, flowers and fruits are fragrant with. The genus Lemongrass has 14 species distributed in Japan and China. Only one of them grows on the territory of our country - Chinese magnolia vine.

The most vitamin

Actinidia kolomikta - relative tropical plant, known to us by the fruits of kiwi, which are sold in stores. But if kiwi can only grow in the tropics and subtropics, then actinidia kolomikta is a real northerner that can withstand frosts down to -40 ° C in winter. It is suitable for vertical gardening and at the same time serves as a berry plant.

What does it look like?

This plant is considered both decorative and berry at the same time, and its fruits are very tasty and healthy. Actinidia kolomikta is one of 36 species of the genus. All actinidia are perennial woody vines that can climb on a support to a height of up to 15 m. The stems and branches are thin, smooth, dark brown in color. The leaves are large, wrinkled, changing color: at the beginning of growth they are bronze, then green, before flowering (on open places) at the ends of the leaves, a bright white color appears, after flowering - pink or raspberry-red, and then they turn green again. In autumn, the leaves turn yellow. Flowers solitary, white, up to 1.5 cm in diameter, collected in 3-5, fragrant. The fruits are oval or cylindrical, up to 3.5 cm long, green, unlike kiwi, they are smooth, not hairy, fragrant, with a delicate sweet taste. The fruits do not ripen at the same time and fall off easily.

Actinidia. Photo: Elena Popleva

Agricultural technology

Actinidia kolomikta is a dioecious plant: it exists in the form of female and male specimens. To get the fruits, you need to plant both: for 3-4 women, one “cavalier” is enough. Actinidia kolomikta is winter-hardy and shade-tolerant, practically undamaged by pests and diseases, prefers rich, moist, well-drained soils, suffers from soil and air drought, as well as from late spring frosts. Needs a strong vertical support. In favorable conditions, lives up to 100 years. Propagated by cuttings (green and woody).

Actinidia kolomikta has been cultivated since the middle of the 19th century. On its basis, many winter-hardy and high-yielding varieties, including domestic ones, have been created. Now the number of varieties of actinidia zoned in Russia is approaching four dozen. Most of them were bred in the conditions of the Moscow region. Most famous varieties: Queen of the Garden, Lakomka, Marmalade, Ella and others.