Varieties and cultivation of garden fern. Fern planting and care in the open field in autumn

Fern is a plant that is not typical for garden plots. But, since it looks very impressive, many dream of decorating the dacha with different varieties of this plant.

Despite the fact that, according to legend, the fern blooms once a year, the rest of the time it looks no less presentable, so it can be a great decoration for your site.

If you correctly approach the process of growing it, then planting and caring for a fern in the garden will not cause you any difficulties.

Let's find out the details so that the fern garden can delight you with its beauty for as long as possible.

Fern in the country, photo

What is a garden fern

The fern belongs to the Osmund family and is unpretentious perennial. This plant is represented by many varieties, including Indian, Thai, forest and garden and others, which differ in growth characteristics in different conditions. Initially, the fern was grown in eastern countries, but today this plant has adapted to our climate.

Since this plant has a long history dating back to ancient times, it is not surprising that there are some signs and superstitions about the fern. For example, one of the legends says that on the feast of Ivan Kupala (end of June-beginning of July), he begins to bloom. Since it only happens once a year, those who see fire flower fern, receive unusual powers, up to understanding the language of plants and animals and the ability to see what is underground.

According to another legend, the fern appeared at the place where the hair of the goddess Venus fell, and another belief connects the origin of the fern with the place where a beautiful girl fell, on which a beautiful flower grew.

There are many more legends about this plant. So, there are a number of signs whether it is possible to plant a fern in the country. According to some, it brings bad luck. But, for example, astrological forecasts they say that for some signs of the zodiac this plant will become a source of balance and harmony.

In any case, it is up to you to decide where to plant a fern and whether it is worth it at all. We can tell you how to grow a fern in the country, and explain some of the features of caring for this plant.

If you look at the photo of a fern in the garden, you can see that this shrub has lush leaf plates (or fronds), somewhat reminiscent of bird wings. Depending on the variety, the size of this plant can be both tiny and quite large. At proper fit and caring for a fern in the country, you can not only enjoy the beauty of this shrub, but also use it for cooking or for the treatment of certain ailments.

Growing a fern in the garden will not be difficult, as it loves shady areas and is not picky about watering, pruning and other care.

Choose a variety

To figure out how to grow a fern in the garden, you should decide on the variety. About 150 varieties of fern are adapted to the tropical climate and are suitable not for the garden, but for home growing. But the rest (and in total there are more than two hundred species and ten thousand varieties) can also be planted in the garden zone, since they favorably tolerate a temperate climate.

For example, you can make a choice in favor of planting ferns of the following varieties in the country:

• maidenhair (stop-shaped or venus hair);
• leaflet (scolopendra or Japanese);
• multi-row fern;
• kochedyzhnik (female, "Burgundy Lace" or Nippon);
• male shield;
• common ostrich;
• common eagle.

Let's find out how to plant ferns from the forest of the listed varieties in the country.

The maidenhair fern is a small shrub about half a meter tall with openwork leaves of a greenish-yellow hue. Vayi of this variety are placed horizontally and look like several tiers. Such a fern can be chosen if you expect that the vegetation of your garden will transfer severe frosts. But the maidenhair fern venus hair, unlike the previous one, does not withstand well low temperatures, therefore undesirable for cold areas.

Japanese leaf fern is easy to distinguish from others. The fronds of this plant grow in different directions, so the fern itself takes on a non-standard shape.

The maximum height of such a fern can be about forty centimeters. This type is suitable for decorating rock gardens, rockeries and decorative water bodies on your site.

The centipede leaf grows in mountainous forest areas. It consists of dark sheet plates of great length that do not have cuts. But some varieties of centipede leaflet have an openwork appearance. Such a plant can be planted both in the shade and in the sun, but in the second case it will develop much more slowly and acquire yellow tint. But this type of fern tolerates frost well.

Fern multi-row consists of a horizontal rhizome with poor branching. With the onset of cold weather, it does not lose its bright green hue. This type of fern has openwork fronds that curl up during the spring season.

You can also buy kochedyzhnik fern for the garden. For example, a female nomad variety, which grows to a height of 70 centimeters. It has dissected leaf plates, collected in lush bunches. And the species of nomad called "Burgundy Lace" has a pleasant wine shade, so it will be a worthy decoration for any garden area at your cottage.

Another suitable option- Nippon nomad. It has silver-red leaf blades and grows in shaded areas.

Many grow in the garden a forest fern of the male shield fern. This plant can acquire sizes up to one and a half meters, has feathery leaf plates connected to a funnel socket.

Attention! Unlike many other varieties, the leaf plates of the male shield grow very slowly and fully develop only two years after planting.

The ostrich is one of universal species fern, since it grows in different areas and can even grow along the coastline. This perennial can have two types of foliage: sterile, forming a rosette up to one and a half meters, and spore-bearing, looking like ostrich feathers.

Keep in mind that once planted, such a fern will begin to grow rapidly, so you will need to constantly thin this plant.

The maximum height of an ordinary bracken can be about seventy centimeters. This plant is popular in medicine, and is also edible, so it can often be found in our gardens. Such a fern has large leaf plates that look like wings. The plant can be recognized by its specific aroma.

Remember! The common bracken is poisonous to pets.

If you wish, you can choose for your site several varieties of ferns adapted to the existing climate. They can be used as the main accent of the garden area, and as an element for planting empty parts of the garden. Now let's move on to the details of growing and caring for ferns of these varieties.

Features of planting and reproduction

How to plant a fern in the garden in the country? Keep in mind that most varieties are shade-loving. It is important to know what kind of soil the fern likes in the garden: such plants grow better in moist soil. That is why it is better for them to allocate poorly lit places where others ornamental plants will not take root.

Attention! Another feature of ferns is that there is no need for constant fertilizer, so you can not worry about the condition of the soil in this area.

In the process of planting these plants, consider the distance between each hole: focus on the splendor of the selected varieties, the characteristics of the rhizomes and their growth rate. Plan the depth of the holes taking into account the parameters of adult ferns. If you settled on long-rhizome varieties, free for them more space or limit this zone artificially.

There are several ways to propagate a fern in the garden, and they depend on the variety of the chosen plant:

• disputes;
• dividing the bush;
• mustache rhizomes;
• brood buds.

Because ferns are asexual, you can propagate them with spores. They are contained at the lower level of leaf plates of mature plants in peculiar tubercles.

In the autumn season, they should be cut off along with part of the leaf plates - and dried in paper packages. At the end of January, spores should be sown from boxes with a soil substrate consisting of peat, leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1.

Attention! Cover the soil with a thin layer of small spores - and sprinkle it with water from a spray bottle, without sprinkling it with earth before wetting.

When the entire area is moist, cover the boxes with glass and place in a warm place. In the second month after sowing, they will begin to germinate, and during this period it is necessary to remove the glass from the surface so that they can "breathe". Spores will look like thin moss, and eventually turn into small sprouts. During this period, they can be planted in pots with a height of eight centimeters and a twelve-centimeter diameter. By spring, you will have seedlings ready for the ground.

The next way is to propagate the fern by bush division. This applies to varieties with long rhizomes, which can be divided in early spring, when frosts end.

Some varieties of fern differ from others in the presence of above-ground whiskers of rhizomes. Over time, new shoots will grow from them. Dig the mustache into the soil to a depth of eight to twelve centimeters and water thoroughly.

Kostenets, multi-row fern and some other species have leaf plates on which brood buds appear. In the future, young plants (the so-called "kids") will develop from them. They must be separated from the leaf plates and placed on peat moss with good humidity. Each young plant cover with a glass container and place the seedlings in a warm place with poor lighting.

New plants will take root with high speed and after a couple of weeks they can be used for planting in the garden.

Read about how to decorate and plant a beautiful one with your own hands: the nuances of arranging and decorating closed and open front gardens.

View photo original compositions with hosts in the garden you can.

Plant shrubs on the site that bloom all summer: photos and names are in the article at:

How to care for a plant

How to care for a fern in the garden will be clear even to beginners in this matter. In the autumn season, it is mulched, creating powder at the base for each bush. The powder is made from sawdust and withered leaves and should reach three to five centimeters in height. With the onset of spring, it is not necessary to get rid of it.

Also, you should not prune the foliage before the winter frosts, as the spring shoots can “clog” the withered foliage, so that the fern will look neat. When spring comes, make an organic or complex top dressing for the plant. Another stage of fern care in the garden is watering during the dry season.

Remember! Not all varieties of fern are resistant to harsh winters. Heat-loving varieties (for example, such as shield or golokuchnik) must be covered in the winter season.

Let's figure out how to transplant a fern in the country. When can ferns be transplanted in the garden? It is best to carry out such procedures in the spring, when the ferns begin to grow in size. If you do this later, such as transplanting the fern in the fall, carefully dig it out of the soil without removing the soil from the root system. After transplanting, be sure to water and shade the plants. Do not bury the growing point, as the soil will settle later.

The size of the hole should be suitable for a lush rhizome. Its top with new shoots of leaf plates should be above the soil boundary. Water the fern thoroughly and cover the soil with water to prevent air infiltration. The rhizome should be tightly covered with soil and remain moist.

Many are interested in why the fern dries. If you transplanted a fern in the garden, and it dries up, this indicates that the plant has not yet adapted, or all have not been created. the necessary conditions for his proper growth.

Check if the selected area corresponds to the growth characteristics of the variety used, whether the soil is sufficiently moist, whether the necessary light rate is provided, and if everything is in order, wait a couple of months until the fern gets used to it.

If certain conditions are not met, this plant may change color. For example, the wrong neighborhood or lack of nitrates can be the main explanation why the fern turns black. And one of the reasons why the fern turns yellow in the garden may be excessive watering of the roots.

We shared with you some of the nuances of how to plant a fern in the country, and now you can test your gardening skills and embellish garden plot such lush ornamental shrubs.

Video

equipping adjoining territory or a courtyard in the country, many people think: is it possible to plant a fern near the house, signs consider this plant to be a protector, or vice versa, a real magnet for trouble? And still not to think, because our people have created so many legends, myths and fairy tales about this plant! But in the legends, it is a forest ... Is it worth it to "prescribe" it in a residential area?

• If you start it in your apartment (house), it turns out that the plant will begin to correct the microclimate in the room. There will be fewer disputes in the family, outbursts of rage or anger will gradually fade away. And the larger your family (and therefore, the more “cockroaches” join each day, arguing on everyday topics), the more you need such a pet.
• Do you have a quick temper, and your spouse is a typical phlegmatic (or vice versa)? You can not do without a fern: it will help you find compromises.
• In addition, this plant can become an assistant to businessmen, business people. Esotericists talk about how people whose business did not “shoot” for a long time planted a fern in a flowerpot - and suddenly made big money. And all - thanks to the adventurous "sparkle" that engenders in the soul business man this is a plant.
• This "green friend" is also turned on by players hoping to hit the jackpot in the casino or card games. But in this case, it does not always help. The fact is that the plant knows how to warn its owner against rash spending. But this is exactly what buying chips in a casino is considered to be!
• Modern magicians say: in the garden, near the house, this modest bush is a living amulet. It protects the yard and house from evil spirits, tricks of evil witches. If it grows near your home, a malevolent person will not be able to cast black spells on him (and on you).
• If the bush (even despite the care and regular watering) began to wither and withered in the end, he died for a reason. It means that damage has already been sent to you, and he took it upon himself.

• Opponents of the fern are sure: this plant is a real energy vampire. And the larger, juicier the fern grows, the more mental strength it has stolen from the people around it.

However, in this regard, the plant can be neutralized! If it grows in a house (apartment), place it near the TV, let it feed on the News program.

• You can not put a flowerpot with this plant in the hospital. Although it "drinks" negative energy a person, but sick people are already exhausted, the green "vampire" will tire them even more.
• There is also an opinion that this forest dweller is too difficult in mystical terms, so it is better to leave it where it grew up, that is, in the "bear corner". Otherwise, the house (yard) can be filled with continuous failures.
• Esotericists say: for some people, indoor fern causes rapid fatigue, as well as frequent illnesses.

But doctors have already found a pragmatic answer to this mystical question! The fact is that the plant absorbs a lot of oxygen, so keeping it in the bedroom at night is not worth it - it will end in headaches. And besides, it is contraindicated for allergy sufferers because of the spores released by the leaves.

A plant in the legends of the peoples of the world

• The Slavs believe that this plant blooms on the Kupala night (once a year), and this flower helps to see treasures buried deep underground.
• Modern Slavs (who already know well what the “flowers” ​​of most ferns actually look like) say: if you tell your pet about your cherished desire during the period of spore selection, it may well come true.
• For the British, this plant is a love talisman. He is often turned on by romantic couples. Most of all, this “green friend” helps a man in love, so a guy from Foggy Albion can buy (plant) a fern at home, even if his chosen one does not yet reciprocate.
• Also, the ancient English (like the Russians, however), believed that if you find a fern flower, you can become invisible at will.
• In many Western European countries, they believed that these leaves could protect the yard or house from a thunderstorm. If there were no rains in the villages for a long time, they tried to cause them by cutting and burning fern leaves. At the same time, superstitions warned: you can’t uproot a bush, nature will take revenge for this with a storm.

Fern and zodiac signs

• Astrologers consider this plant a Gemini talisman. They are sure: if this “guest from antiquity” is planted in his house (garden, yard) by a person born from May 21 to June 20, the bush will be an excellent assistant in business, as well as a personal “harmonizer” (balance the desires and needs of a person).
• As for other signs of the zodiac, the fern is also not harmful to them. "Green pet" cleanses the soul of unnecessary desires and experiences, directing thoughts from minor to really necessary and important things.
• If speak about Chinese horoscope, then this plant is best suited for people born in the year of the Snake and the Dragon.
• Well, if you believe the calendar of the ancient Druids, it turns out that these sages almost completely agree with modern astrologers. Yes, the druids also believed that the fern - lucky mascot people born on the 20th of June. This bush gives them joy, getting rid of chaos and mental "mess".

And what can an experienced herbalist, that is, a herbalist, tell about this plant? Everything is in this video.

The fern belongs to the ancient plants, which began to grow on earth many thousands of years before the appearance of man. He is able to decorate the landscape of the garden plot.

According to legend, the fern blooms once a year and has mystical properties. In fact, this plant never blooms.

Popular types

This plant has more than 10,000 species, so gardeners have a wide choice when decorating their garden. There are ferns that grow on trees and on the ground.

The most common types of this plant include:

1. . The plant can be seen in many parts of the world, it is called so because of its feathery leaves, reminiscent of an openwork pattern of ostrich feathers, reaching 1.5 m. With the onset of spring, the foliage of the fern is folded in the form of a cocoon, with warming it blooms and turns into a magnificent cone . Its vertical root system requires it to be loosened and mulched periodically in the fall. This most spectacular perennial species forms lush thickets.
2. At common bracken height reaches 70 cm, it grows well on dry and "poor" land. The appearance of the horizontal long leaves of the plant resembles an eagle's wing. It is dangerous for pets due to the presence of toxic substances, it will not harm a person.
3. Kochedyzhnik female. The plant is characterized by dissected leaves, collected in bunches. AT natural conditions forms hummocks in swamps. The size of the plant will depend on its variety (30-70 cm), the root system is thick and short. It can grow without transplanting to another place for more than a decade.
4. male shield. In nature, it grows in a forest in a shaded place, reaching a height of 30-150 cm. Spores appear on the underside of the leaf, they are covered with kidney-shaped bedspreads like a shield.

In the photo, an ordinary ostrich

The listed garden fern species are frost-resistant plants and do not need shelter in winter.

Tropical ferns are best grown indoors.

Heat-loving types of fern, such as the golokuchnik, Linnaeus's shieldwort, require protection from the cold in winter.

landing conditions

It is important to determine the place for the fern before planting. Gardeners consider shaded places to be the most suitable. The soil should not be too heavy and well moistened.

These settings will create ideal conditions for growth. If you plant a fern in sunny place he won't reach required dimensions and will be weak. A well-chosen place and proper care will allow you to grow a beautiful plant.

Fern requires almost no fertilizer. It can be safely planted in the area where other flowers do not take root. For giant species between the holes you need to leave up to 30 cm between the holes intended for planting. This distance can be both increased and decreased.

In the photo planting a fern

When planting, pay attention to whether other plants will interfere with the growth of the fern.

If it has extensive roots, then it is better to provide spacious plot, as well as put stops for the growth of roots, decorated under an ordinary fence.

When the place for planting has already been chosen, it is necessary to prepare the soil and the plant itself for planting. The fern is also planted in the fall; before planting, a pot with a rhizome is placed in the hole.

After the air bubbles disappear, you need to pull out the root and plant it in the ground. The hole is also moistened before planting. Make sure that there is some soil left on the rhizome in which the plant previously grew. If the plant grew at home, the soil is taken from the pots, if in the forest, then the soil will be forest.

Choosing the right soil, you "help" the plant take root faster. Foliage is better not to touch, so as not to break decorative look fern.

Having straightened the roots in the recess, they must be covered with earth and poured with water that has settled. Plants in pots, planted throughout the year.

Reproduction methods

Fern reproduction is possible in 3 main ways:

1. The easiest way is to divide the bush. It is based on the division of the bulbs, and then their seating on the marked area. This work is best done in the spring. When storing a divided bush during the winter, not all specimens can survive it.
2. reproduction rhizomatous whiskers. In this way, species of ferns are planted, in which antennae grow. So, heart-leaved nephrolepis has the appearance of above-ground processes that creep along the ground. They are buried in the ground by 8-12 cm, intensively watered and soon a new plant appears.
3. reproduction brood buds. This is the most time consuming and least productive way. For planting, the kidneys are separated (these are small tubercles on the bottom of the leaf), placed on peat soil or on moss, moisturizing daily. Then each spore is covered with a jar and put away in warm place. Within a short period of time, the "kids" take root, and after a month they are planted in the soil as a full-fledged plant.

Fern propagation by brood buds

The video shows how to properly plant a fern:

plant seedling

Better plant in open ground seeds that have been previously grown to the desired size. A peat-earthen mixture is most suitable for the growth of a fern, because from it it will receive the necessary components in order to grow and develop the root system.

Planted in each box different varieties and additional batteries are added. Different types of plants need appropriate fertilizers - compost, nitrogen, chalk and other substances.

Each package with a certain grade has an inscription indicating suitable minerals can be purchased at a garden store. In the case when the gardener was engaged in collecting disputes himself, you should not apply any fertilizers.

With an unknown type of plant, it can react unpredictably.

The soil is heated, for this purpose the vessel with it is placed on water vapor and repeatedly heated. Seeds are recommended not to deepen, but only to sprinkle with earth from above.

How to care for a plant

The garden fern belongs to undemanding plants, easy to care for. The plant needs abundant watering, mulch, that is, it is necessary to sprinkle at the base with sawdust or stale foliage by 3-5 cm.

It is especially recommended to sprinkle with sawdust or stale foliage in the fall, because then you will protect the fern from the cold and from pests. In the spring, such a “blanket” will become a good fertilizer for fern plants. Young shoots will be able to break through this cover.

With its beauty, it will slay behind a bush in the conditions of a summer cottage, breeding methods and other subtleties of cultivation in the material of our site.

Here you can find a drawing sliding gate for making with your own hands, as well as with detailed photos.

Such plants do not need pruning even in autumn and spring. This is because the leaves cover the ground, creating additional protection. By spring, they dry up and can be used as fertilizer.

Shoots that are broken or affected by some disease need to be pruned to prevent its spread.

top dressing

Ferns do not need to be fertilized. But fertilizers I provide plants useful minerals and promote good growth. Ferns are usually fed with the onset of spring, as well as the appearance of the first shoots.

If you notice wilted, dried or yellowing leaves, do not immediately replant the plant. Perhaps it lacks nutrients, so you should purchase mineral fertilizer any kind.

It is better if it is liquid, then when watering it will be easy to bring it into the ground.

During a dry period, you need to increase the rate of watering, which will warn against wilting of the leaves. Also, plant care can be supplemented with loosening. To do this, you need to have special devices, but you should not deepen it much so as not to damage the large root system of the fern.

Preparing for winter

AT winter period cover only heat-loving plant species, such as golokuchnik, shchitovnik and others. Protect from the cold in those regions that are characterized by cold and long winters, using peat and dry leaves for this.

If the plant is not frost-resistant, it is covered with a film on top, covered with leaves or spruce branches are placed on top.

How the plant is used in landscape design

The plant can be dwarf (no more than 3 cm), and large, reaching the size of a tree. But even a low specimen has a sprawling root system.

Landscape designers take this factor into account when planting other plants nearby. They must be compatible in size, it is then that the fern will stand out among them.

In the summer cottage, the plant will always find its place

Using this plant, gardeners create beautiful landscape compositions from its different varieties, combining various forms and color shades. If there is a fern on the site, the fern will look great near it in composition with other flowers (lilies, arrowheads).

Marsilia fern can be planted in water at a depth of 50-70 cm. Its openwork leaves will add charm to the water surface. The plant will decorate alpine slide.

A fern is planted on the site on the northern, shady side, as it does not tolerate temperatures above 25 degrees. For example, they can decorate the walls of the house.

Some of the plant species have medicinal qualities and can be used in cooking. For this, young shoots of the plant are used, which are boiled for 10-15 minutes before use.

The less gardeners disturb and replant ferns, the more luxurious they grow.

Outwardly, the garden fern and forest fern are very similar. True, depending on the variety, the garden fern may differ in the color and length of the leaves, spreading and other characteristics. But in any case, this plant is attractive and interesting.
Let's define varieties.

Varieties

Consider the most common varieties that grow well in middle lane. Undoubtedly, all these plants can take their rightful place on your site as an addition to various landscape compositions.

Maidenhair

Adiantum stopiform - one of the most popular and beautiful ferns, reaching a height of up to 30 cm. Yellow-green rounded openwork fronds (leaves) are arranged horizontally, forming tiers. Thanks to this, the plant retains its decorative effect for a long time.

leaflet

Japanese leaflet, a rather unusual fern. Each dark green frond has its own direction of growth. This adds to the shrub originality and randomness. The height of the fern is about 40 cm. The leaflet is ideal for flower beds and rockeries.

multi-row

Multi-row bristle-bearing - this fern is a evergreen shrub up to 100 cm high. Brown scales are located on the central axis of each frond.
This variety got its name for the spores located in a row (fern breeding cells) and hairs on the cuttings.

ostrich

Universal and familiar to all gardeners variety of garden fern. Successfully complements the landscape of any site. Can grow up to 150 cm.
Graceful light green fronds resemble ostrich feathers in their structure, hence the name.
There are, not often found, unusual varieties of this garden variety, which fit perfectly into landscape compositions.

Centipede

An ideal place for such a fern is a rockery on an inclined surface or other landscape composition with stones. main feature centipedes - a creeping rhizome, thanks to which you can set any direction of growth. Centipede fronds are usually dark green in color and dense in texture.

kochedyzhnik

This is a whole group of very interesting ferns. Nomads are green, red, spreading, growing up.

For example, in the variety Burgundy Lace» Red wine fronds. Undoubtedly, such a fern will successfully complement the landscape composition, which is dominated by burgundy shades.
For example, you can plant a burgundy fern near a barberry hedge.

Variety Metallicum ideal for flower beds built in partial shade. The silvery, pink, purple and even black tones of the leaves bring a mysterious originality to the landscape.

kochedyzhnik Dre's Dagge- a creative novelty for your garden.
Interesting shrub with strongly dissected fronds.

Planting and growing

Seedlings for growing garden ferns can be bought already grown or grown from spores on their own. Although there are gardeners who simply transfer fern bushes from the forest to their site.

Where can I get fern spores?

• buy in a specialized store;
• ask familiar gardeners;
• collect from other fern bushes (you can even in the forest).

In most varieties, spores form on the underside of pinnate leaves. However, there are exceptions. For example, in the "ostrich" spores are formed on separate leaves, which are called "spore-bearing". Usually they are upright not high dark leaves located in the center of the bush.

To collect spores, you need to put matter or an unfolded bag under the fronds. The reverse side of the leaves must be carefully scraped, for example, with a knife or a hard brush. Then the entire scraped mass should be dried for about a week.

During this time, a lot of yellowish dusty particles should settle. These are fern spores. They must be carefully separated from large particles and debris, and you can grow a fern in your garden.

Growing seedlings

Most the best time for sowing spores, this is the beginning of spring. But! If you do not have such an opportunity, then any other time of the year will do.

For growing seedlings, a mixture of earth and peat is optimal. Further, an addition suitable for a particular variety (for example, chalk) can be added to the soil. You can find out about fertilizers on the packaging with spores of a particular variety or from a consultant when buying a finished seedling. If you collected disputes yourself, then do not add anything.

Before sowing, the soil must be disinfected and slightly warmed up, for example, in a water bath. In flat pots or food containers, spread the soil and sprinkle the spores on top. Close the container on top with a transparent film. For convenience, sign and stick stickers with the name of the variety on each container.

The optimum germination temperature is +23-25°C. At first, watering fern spores is not required, only when the soil begins to dry out.

After about 2 weeks, you will notice a green coating on the surface of the soil. It's controversy. If the plaque is too thick, then it is necessary to make a pick. Optimally, if the size of the dispute is 1x1 cm.

As soon as the spore diameter increases to 5-6 cm, it's time to spray them warm water. In the future, this procedure should be done 1 time per week. As a result, in 7-10 days the first fern leaves will appear. True, at first they are not at all like fronds. Over time, they will grow. Therefore, be prepared to make more than one pick in the future.

When the leaves reach a height of 7-8 cm, it is necessary to remove the film from the container for several minutes a day. In the future, you need to do such ventilation more and more often. You also need to increase the frequency of spraying up to 2-3 times a week.

As you can see, growing seedlings from spores is a process that requires a lot of time, attention and patience. Therefore, it is recommended to clearly calculate your strengths and capabilities even before growing.

In May, you can transplant the fern into open ground. Consider all the features of such a responsible process.

Site selection and landing in open ground

Garden varieties of fern grow best in shady places. Therefore, immediately take the darkest and “wildest” area. Ideally, if there is still a stump, stones and the remains of trees in such a place. Then planting a fern to them, you will create an interesting rutarium.

Loose soil at the planting site should absorb moisture well. This is the main requirement. Therefore, choose a well-moistened place. Also take care of drainage (river sand). After all, water in the soil in no case should stagnate and provoke rotting of the roots.

When planting time comes, you need to dig a hole and prepare the soil. Add peat and sand to the excavated earth (2:2:1). If you are planting a fern that you brought from the forest, then together with the bush, dial required amount forest soil. It is in it that the plant will be as comfortable as possible.

The pit needs to be well moistened and gently immerse the fern in it. The main recommendation is to try to keep as much soil as possible on the root in which the seedling grew (especially if you are transplanting a plant from a forest). In this case, the garden fern will take root well and quickly in a new place.

Spread the roots visible from under the soil well in the pit and gently sprinkle ready ground. Try not to touch the fronds, as this can affect the decorative effect and the root system. Lightly press the soil against the plant itself. And congratulate yourself - your garden fern is planted!

Care

Most important condition the correct growth of the fern is soil moisture. Keep an eye on this!

In the first year, abundant regular watering is necessary, especially during the period of spring growth and summer drought. With each watering, it is recommended not only to moisten the roots, but also to spray the fronds with rainwater. After watering, it is desirable to mulch the soil around the bush with coniferous paws. This will not only strengthen the root system, but also allow the soil to stay moist and loose longer.

Once every few years, it is advisable to thin out and renew the bush. Usually, old, broken or lost decorative fronds are removed. The main thing is to do it very carefully!

Most garden ferns are hardy and can handle our harsh winters well. However " leaflet" and " Nomads»It is desirable to cover for the winter with dry leaves or peat.

As you can see, care is not difficult. Moreover, in the process of growing the plant does not require top dressing and other specific procedures. Yes, and pests do not particularly like ferns.

Garden fern in the landscape

Due to its decorativeness and unusualness, the fern takes pride of place in landscape compositions. As described above, the plant fits perfectly into a variety of garden compositions: rockeries, rutaria, and so on. Let's look at options for using fern to decorate garden compositions.

Planting it near a pond or stream in your country house deserves special attention. unusual shapes and juicy colors leaves are able to incredibly enliven any water landscape. Moreover, original combinations of plants, such as ferns, lilies and arrowheads, can be planted near the reservoir.

It is ideal if some kind of decorative tree. Then in its shade the fern will take root perfectly. And you can arrange a comfortable place nearby to relax and protect yourself from the sweltering heat.

Perhaps the unusual shades of plant leaves attract attention even more than bright and beautiful flowers. A perfect example is burgundy, pink and silver " Nomads».

It is thanks to these colors that you can plan such a beautiful and original alpine slide that there will be no limit to admiration. It is recommended to plant several multi-colored ferns in different places rock garden. And don't forget the plants with yellow leaves.

Why not plant a few bushes of this plant along the walls of the house, bathhouse, barn and other suburban buildings? The main thing is that it should be a shady place - the north side.

Of course, to decorate these areas, you need to choose lower grades, for example, "". You can also experiment and plant a few along the wall. various kinds fern. For example, you can alternate varieties of green fern and flowers of different shades.

As you can see, you can endlessly experiment with these unusual plants. And every time new and new masterpieces of landscape design are invented.

The association with the word "fern" is always ambiguous. Something secret and mysterious arises in someone’s thoughts, for someone this beautiful plant is associated with lush green foliage, while for others the finished rock garden composition immediately appears in the imagination. The fern is indeed a wonderful addition to garden arrangements. You can adapt it even in the most difficult, at first glance, conditions. This can be done at proper care and choosing the type of frond plant.

Types of ferns

The fern has been growing on earth since the very times when it was inhabited by dinosaurs. From that period to the present day, many species of this herbaceous plant have been preserved.

According to researchers, this figure is more than 10,000. Despite big variety images of this plant, it has one feature: the fern never blooms. There are whole legends about him, but no one has documented the fact of flowering.

Even considering that the fern does not have a flowering part, they like to use it in landscape design. Here are some of the popular types of this plant:

• Fern Adiantum - most suitable for climatic zones Russia is considered to be the fern Adiantum Stopiform and Venus hair. The first subspecies takes root especially well on Far East, in the forests of the Amur and Primorye. As for the Venus hair, he feels favorably in the Crimea and the Caucasus near mountain rivers and reservoirs.
  Venus hair is considered one of the most common species that grows well on private farms, as well as in vivo. It is distinguished by openwork dissected leaves that grow on petioles that look like thin wire. Leaves, like bunches, grow from a powerful root stem. Its height does not exceed 0.5-0.7 m. There are spore sacs on the bottom of the leaves, they look like dark spots.
  Adiantum by nature does not like windy areas. The plant develops a full life in shaded areas where there is enough moisture. It is only worth highlighting for him right place and he will delight with his appearance for several decades. If very hot days come, then the fern needs to be watered. Watering is arranged in a special way - sprinkling. The soil should be slightly acidic and fertilized with organic fertilizers such as humus or compost. A drainage layer is embedded in the base.
  With proper care, the fern in just a few years turns into a luxurious spherical shrub. Landscape designers recommend planting it in rockeries, along ponds, in garden compositions along with an umbilical or stonecrop. Some gardeners like to decorate the garden with ferns of this kind directly in pots, without planting them in the ground;

• male fern- has a wide variety of subspecies, among which is found:
  Austrian Shield. A favorite place to grow on loamy moist soils. It has triangular leaves with a span of up to 1 m. Color: light green. On the ground it spreads like a carpet, for which it is called "Prostrate".
  Amur Shield- gardeners prefer this plant variety for its high frost resistance. The color is bluish-green, the shape of the leaves resembles feathers. With the onset of frost, triangular fronds die off.
  Crested Shield is one of the most common species of its group. It can grow in any territory of Russia. Humidity conditions will be more suitable for it. Well, if there is a reservoir nearby.
  perennial plant in adulthood reaches no more than 0.5 m. It has a short but thickened rhizome, covered with scales on top. The color of the leaves is close to dark green. On the reverse side are black spores arranged in a row. The leaves are elongated. They are attached to erect petioles.
  In addition to the species listed above, for garden beds, the Odorous Shchitovnik is suitable, which has a pleasant aroma and miniature size, a decorative view of the False Male Shchitovnik, Sikhotinsky Shchitovnik.

• fern bracken- is extraordinary useful plant. It will always come in handy household. Many homeowners prefer this particular fern. It has an attractive aroma due to its high content of tannins. Due to this property, fern leaves are used to store horticultural crops. Vegetables, fruits and berries are spread on the leaves of Orlyak, then they are covered with crops.
  The shape of the branches of the bracken fern is lush and sprawling. The leaves are hard, thrice-pinnate. In height, it is no more than 0.5 - 0.6 m. The root is branched, horizontal. The plant is naturally unpretentious and can grow even in the most depleted areas. Below, if you look closely at the lower pairs of leaves, you can see a nectary. It attracts ants. The spores are on the bottom of the leaf, for additional protection, its edges are twisted;

• fern ostrich- this species is characterized by vertical erect leaves. They are quite dense and can reach a height of 2 m. In a circle, the leaves grow in rows. In the center are smaller ones - spore-bearing. Dark spore points are attached to their backs. The root system is underground, rapidly developing. Fern Ostrich is of several types: Oriental and Ordinary. The common Ostrich is not afraid of frost, which cannot be said about the East. A fragile plant does not tolerate winds and needs constant moisture.
  The shape of the fern resembles a bouquet of ostrich feathers, hence the name. Gardeners often grow this species for its decorative effect. Leaves look great in flower arrangements;

• kochedyzhnik- there are several types: Women's, Chinese, Nippon, Burgundy Layz. All ferns from this subspecies are shade-loving and can grow up to 10-15 years in one place. The soil must be well-groomed and fertilized in advance. Kochedyzhnik is not afraid of frost.
  The female kochedyzhnik has green shoots. They are very delicate to the touch and have a feathery complex shape. In length, the petioles grow up to 1 m. The root of the plant is short and thickened. The Chinese Kochedyzhnik, like the female one, reaches a height of 1 m, but the color of its leaves has an unusual reddish tint. The Nippon variety of the plant is also the owner of an exotic purple color. Burgundy Leys is shade-loving. The darker its habitat, the richer the wine color of the leaves. It is characterized not only by the reddish color of the foliage, but also by the burgundy color of the petiole.

A garden fern can be selected for any area, both for a darkened area and for a saturated area. sunlight. The same applies to the type of soil. Of the many species, each gardener is able to choose the right one for himself: fragrant, edible, decorative or even medicinal.

Fern in the garden planting and care

Before planting a fern, you need to know some rules for the care and maintenance of this perennial. If you want to get a ready-made plant, then you can dig it out in the forest. So you will be sure that it will take root, as it is grown in home latitudes. But there are others available ways for cultivation.

As for the landing site of the fern, it should be planted in wide holes, no more than 0.5 m. The part of the earth that needs to be brought into the hole should be from the place where you took the shoot. You need to transplant the fern immediately so that the roots do not have time to dry out. Otherwise, it will not be possible to reanimate the plant. The same should be considered in the leaves. Stems should not be wilted. Do not separate the earth from the roots, it would be better if you dig the fern in such a way that a clod of earth remains on the rhizome.

Ferns in the garden growing

A fern in a household plot can be grown in several ways: by separating a fragment from the rhizome of a tall fern, by budding, and by growing from spores.

• Root separation fern is carried out as follows. In the garden, in the forest or in the area where the fern grows, you find a healthy individual. An adult bush should not have dried and damaged leaves. Divide the sockets at the root, transplant the separated part to a certain area in the garden during the day. Try to keep the clods of forest land to the maximum so that the plant takes root better. For transportation to the house, cover the fern root with moss. This will keep the moisture in the roots.
  Plant the plant in a shady area. Put drainage and a small amount of fertilizer at the bottom. Ferns can also take root in poor soils. But watering should be plentiful at least the first time after transplantation (7 days);

• budding fern is held in autumn or late summer. Around the end of August, find a suitable bush. Bend the developed leaves to the ground. Sprinkle this place with soil about 1-1.5 cm. Do not fill in the main vein, leave it open.
  With the advent of spring, several new shoots will grow in place of the buried shoot. They will need to be separated from the twig and transplanted into the garden;

• fern seeds collected in several ways. First option: break off the spore leaf on the back. Put it in a paper bag or on a lighted window sill until the shoot is completely dry. Once the leaves are dry, you can collect the spores and plant them in a bowl.
  The second option: take a knife, turn over a leaf of a living plant and scrape the spore-bearing sacs into a box, a sheet of newspaper or some kind of container. Next, dry the seeds and plant them in a container filled with earth (part of the forest land and part of the universal or garden soil). Seeds are sown on top of the soil and watered from a spray tank. Rain watering will awaken spore growth. Next, insemination will occur, and only then small processes will begin to appear. This usually happens on the 25th day after the spores are planted. By spring, the fern is transplanted into the prepared hole to a permanent place of growth.

Planting a fern in the garden

• Planting should be done in the spring. For planting a fern in a horticultural area, a shady place is selected. As an exception, plants can be planted and sunny area, it’s only worth doing it with such species as the Female Kochedyzhnik and the Male Shield. After transplanting, for these fern groups, it will be necessary to ensure timely abundant watering so that the plant develops comfortably;
• The depth of the hole should be no less than the clod of earth with which you transplant the plant. Add a drainage layer and some fertilizer for an accelerated set of phytomass;
• As a fertilizer for transplanting, you can use three equal parts of compost, sand and peat (humus). Further use is allowed universal fertilizer for garden plants. Top dressing should be carried out once a month from May to July. It is possible more often, but not more than 1 time in three weeks;

• The soil of the fern should be moist. Especially this fact must be taken into account the first week after transplanting a forest plant. Make sure that the plant does not "float". An excess is detrimental to the developing root system. As you grow, also try to keep the soil moist;
• The listed species of ferns tolerate frost and cold well. But the Kochedyzhnik requires additional care. It needs to be covered for the winter. It is allowed to use fallen leaves, peat, spruce branches.

Why does the fern dry in the garden

Although the fern is perennial plant, any disease can lead to its withering, and, as a result, its death.

One of the common cases of fern extinction is the gradual drying of the plant. This may happen for the following reasons:

• Incorrect plant maintenance. The fern loves the shade, only some varieties are capable of perceiving the sun's rays. Perhaps this fact affects the drying of the stems. You can fix this by replanting the plant. Inadequate moisture intake can also affect the drying of the leaves. Before planting, it is recommended to prepare a drainage layer;
• Wrong watering. In the first week after planting in the garden, the fern should be watered abundantly. If you fill it with water, the leaves may turn yellow. If the fern grows in a shaded garden area, but the air is very dry, then it must also be watered additionally. For irrigation, you need to use water without chlorine and lime;

Choose a time to periodically inspect all the plants in your area. This can extend their lifespan and the lushness of your garden. By following these simple tips, along with the rules for planting and breeding, you will admire the forest plant on your site for more than a dozen years.