Primula planting and care in the open field top dressing reproduction. Planting and outdoor care for early-flowering perennial primrose Primrose planting and outdoor care

Plant common primrose (lat. Primula vulgaris), or common primrose- herbaceous perennial from the genus Primrose. AT vivo primrose grows in Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. Primrose has been known since time immemorial - the ancient Greeks considered it medicinal flower Olympus was called "dodecatheon" - the flower of the twelve gods. Primula is one of the first spring flowers, popularly called "rams" or "keys". The Old Norse saga tells that primrose flowers are the keys of the fertility goddess Freya, with which she opens spring. And the Germans believe that primrose is the key to marriage. The Celts and Gauls included primrose in the composition of the love drink. There is a Danish legend that the princess of the elves who fell in love with a mortal became a primrose, and the ancient Greeks came up with a myth in which the gods turned the body of the young man Paralysos, who died of love, into a fragrant primrose out of compassion, and now this flower cures all ailments, including and from paralysis - not without reason in traditional medicine the flower is called paralytic grass. The cultivation of primrose in Europe began in the 16th century, it has always been a popular flower in England - in this country there are several clubs of lovers of primrose auricles. Sometimes addiction weakened, but then revived with renewed vigor. Currently, primrose exhibitions are held annually in England, and every time there is something to see - a blooming primrose is an amazing sight.

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Planting and caring for primrose (in brief)

• Landing: sowing personally collected seeds in boxes dug into the ground - immediately after collection. Sowing the purchased seeds for seedlings - in early February, transplanting seedlings into open ground - at the end of May in two years or in the fall in the second year of life.
• Bloom: spring or summer - depending on the type and variety.
• Lighting: depending on the type and variety - in the bright sun or in the shade of trees and shrubs.
• The soil: moist, loose, light, moisture-intensive nutrient soils.
• Watering: The soil in the flower bed should always be slightly moist. In hot weather, you will need to water more often. Water consumption - 3 liters per m² of land.
• Top dressing: mineral fertilizers with a reduced nitrogen component at half the dosage indicated by the manufacturers weekly from the moment the leaves appear until the end of flowering.
• Reproduction: seeds, leaf cuttings and dividing the bush.
• Pests: beetles and slugs.
• Diseases: bacterial spot, anthracnose, jaundice, rust, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus, stem and root collar rot.

Read more about growing primrose below.

Primrose flower - description

The genus Primrose is one of the most numerous in the world flora, it different sources has from 400 to 550 species, but still in nature there are plants of this genus that have not been described by scientists. 33 species grow in Europe, 2 in North America, one species on the island of Java, several in South America and Africa, and the remaining three hundred plus species of primrose grow in Asia, Western China and the Himalayas. Primrose chooses wet places - in meadows, along the banks of streams and mountain rivers.

The underground part of the primrose is a rhizome with roots. The basal leaf rosette consists of dissected or simple, sessile or petiolate oblong oval lanceolate leaves. In some species, the leaves are wrinkled, in others leathery, dense, grayish-green in color, as if covered with wax. Primrose flowers on long leafless peduncles solitary or collected in pyramidal, spherical, cushion-shaped, tiered, bell-shaped or umbellate inflorescences. They have a tubular shape with a bend - flat or funnel-shaped. The fruit of the primrose is a cylindrical or spherical polysemyanka. In culture, perennial and annual garden primrose is grown, primrose is also cultivated at home.

Growing primrose from seeds

Sowing primrose seeds

Primrose seeds lose their germination very quickly, so it is best to sow the seeds immediately after they are collected in boxes installed in the ground. If you bought high-quality seeds and do not want to risk them, then planting primrose seeds for seedlings is carried out in early February on the surface of a substrate consisting of two parts of leafy soil, one part of sand and one part of sod land. There should be no more than 5 seeds per 1 cm² of the substrate, which are not covered, but simply pressed to the surface. A container with crops is placed in a plastic bag and placed in a freezer for 3-4 weeks at a temperature not higher than -10 ºC. After a month, the frozen crops in bags are transferred to the windowsill, shading from direct rays, and waiting for seedlings, keeping the soil slightly moist. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 16-18 ºC. Not all types of primroses need stratification - for example, common primrose and finely toothed sprout without freezing. When shoots begin to appear, and primrose seeds are usually in no hurry to germinate, the packages are gradually opened slightly, accustoming the seedlings to air, and after two weeks the packages are removed completely.

Primrose seedling

Primrose seedlings grow very slowly. After the appearance of two or three true leaves, the seedlings dive into the boxes with tweezers and continue to care for them, moistening the soil as necessary. You need to dive seedlings every time they grow strongly. Primula is grown from seeds before planting in open ground for two years.

Planting primrose

When to plant primrose

Planting perennial primrose in open ground is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of life. If you decide to plant a primrose in the spring, then do it at the end of May. Primula grows best in open ground in the shadow garden trees and shrubs where direct sunlight does not penetrate. Only alpine species of primrose in the northern regions are planted on open sun. The soil for primrose is preferable to moisture, loose, light and well-drained, in which moisture will not stagnate for a long time. Primrose grows well in clay soil. Too heavy clay soil can be made lighter by adding a bucket of sand, 2 kg of manure, vermiculite and chopped sphagnum moss for digging per 1 m² of land.

How to plant primrose

Small types of primrose are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, and large ones - after 20-30 cm. When planting, keep in mind that the primrose does not like open spaces, so plant seedlings in such a way that when the plants grow, plantings will be closed. Primula blooms from seeds in the second or third year of life.

Primrose care in the garden

How to grow primrose

Planting and caring for primrose in the open field usually go without difficulty. How to care for a primrose planted in open ground? Keep the soil in your primrose bed slightly moist, loose and clean - after a weekly heavy watering, be sure to loosen the soil and remove weeds. In hot weather, the frequency of watering will have to be doubled. Water consumption in one session is approximately three liters per m². Caring for perennial primrose provides for frequent feeding of the flower with a weak solution of complex mineral fertilizers - the concentration should be half as much as the instructions provide, and the application frequency should be weekly from the moment the first leaves appear until the end of flowering. However, you should not abuse the nitrogen component of complex fertilizers, because next year you will wait for flowers, and you will see only lush greenery. To prevent this from happening, apply only phosphorus and potash fertilizers every other time.

Primrose transplant

The care and cultivation of primrose involves transplanting the plant at the same time as dividing the bush every 4-5 years, since the primrose tends to grow strongly. For information on how and when to transplant primrose, read the next section.

Primrose breeding

In addition to the seed method, primrose is used for propagation dividing the bush and leaf cuttings. In the fourth or fifth year, overgrown primrose bushes in August or the first half of September are watered, dug, shake off the ground from their roots, then they wash the roots in a bucket, divide the plant with a knife into several parts with at least one renewal point on each, sprinkle the slices with ash and then delenki are planted in a new place. After planting, the primrose is watered. Dividing the bush not only rejuvenates the plant, but also provides free planting material that you can be completely sure of.

If the plant has a weak root system or only one outlet, then it is propagated by axillary shoots. The primrose leaf with the petiole, bud and part of the shoot is separated and planted in the soil mixture, after cutting the leaf plate in half. Keep the cutting in a bright place, but protected from direct sunlight, at a temperature of 16-18 ºC in a moderately moist substrate. When the buds give shoots with three or four leaves, they are planted in pots with a diameter of 7-9 cm, and in the spring they are transferred to open ground.

Pests and diseases of primrose

Primrose in the garden is affected by rot of the root neck and stems, jaundice, bacterial spotting, rust, anthracnose, powdery mildew and cucumber mosaic virus. As soon as you notice mutated leaves, destroy them immediately. Of the pests, various nematodes and aphids, spider mites and weevils, as well as beetles, slugs and fleas, are dangerous to the plant. It is better to fight diseases by treating the primrose in spring with a two percent solution of Topsin or Fundazol, one percent Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride, and in the fall, preventive treatment with a one percent solution of Nitrafen is advisable. Beetles and slugs will have to be collected by hand, mites are killed by Actellik treatment, and nematodes are killed by Ragor.

Perennial primrose after flowering

Primrose in autumn

After the primrose has faded, loosen the soil on the site, clear it of weeds and leave the primrose alone until winter - at this time, its leaves begin to grow. It is very important that the leaf rosette is preserved until late autumn, as it will serve as a natural shelter for the plant. If you cut the leaves in the fall, the primrose will begin to grow smaller, its flowering will weaken, and it will lose its decorative effect. But when spring begins, it is better to remove the old, overwintered primrose leaves.

Garden primrose in winter

In areas with cold winters, primroses require shelter with dry leaves, straw or spruce branches, and the covering layer should be at least 7-10 cm. There are types of primroses that do not need shelter, for example, Julia's primrose. In areas with warm snowy winters, the primrose can not be covered - snow cover will be enough. However, with the onset of spring, watch how the snow melts - the primrose should not succumb under the ice crust. Destroy the crust, let the water flow freely.

Types and varieties of primrose

As already mentioned, there are so many primroses in nature that botanists had to divide them into 30 sections. In culture, there are also plenty of species, varieties and hybrids. You can describe them endlessly. We will introduce you to the most common species in culture and their most popular varieties.

Primrose stemless, or ordinary (Primula vulgaris)

grows in nature in Southern and Central Europe on the edges of forests, in alpine meadows near melting snow. This species has a short rhizome with thick cord-like roots. Lanceolate leaves up to 6 cm wide and up to 25 cm long are partially preserved during the winter. Light yellow or white with a purple throat, single flowers open on short peduncles 6 to 20 cm high, their wide petals are divided into two lobes. Despite the fact that it was called ordinary, the stemless primrose is very beautiful and during flowering, its bush looks like a bouquet. Flowering can begin in March, sometimes this species blooms again in September. In culture since the 16th century. Varieties:

• Virginia- white flowers with a pale yellow throat;
• Giga White- white primrose;
• cerulea – blue flowers with yellow throat.

Primula high (Primula elatior)

Grows in the Carpathians, in the middle and southern parts Western Europe. This is a perennial with wrinkled, oval, finely toothed leaves along the edge, from 5 to 20 cm long and 2 to 7 cm wide, which sharply taper towards the petiole. On the upper side of the leaf, the veins are depressed, and on the lower side they protrude. Light yellow with a bright yellow spot at the base of the petals fragrant flowers up to 2 cm in diameter are collected in umbellate inflorescences of 5-15 pieces. Barely pubescent peduncle reaches a height of 10 to 35 cm. High primrose blooms profusely from April for 50-60 days. There are hybrids with larger flowers of lilac, white, cream, red, yellow colors - plain, with an eye or bordered. Varieties:

• Duplex – cherry blossoms up to 2.5 cm in diameter with a dark yellow throat;
• Rosea- dark pink flowers with a yellow eye;
• Gelle Farben- light purple flowers with a diameter of 3.5 cm with a yellow throat;
• Goldgrand- brown flowers with a golden border and a yellow throat, diameter 2.5 cm.

There are groups of hybrids based on tall primrose with large flowers and long peduncles, attractive for cutting cultivation. Among them are the primrose terry Curiosity of a yellow-brown hue, and the Golden Dream of a bright yellow color, and Olga Manden with flowers of a light red hue.

Primula Siebold (Primula sieboldii)

blooms in June lilac and pink flowers different shades, collected in loose umbrella-shaped inflorescences. After flowering, this ephemeroid leaves die off.

Spring primrose (Primula veris)

which is often called primrose officinalis, a representative of the European flora. She has wrinkled ovoid leaves up to 20 cm long and up to 6 cm wide with veins depressed on the upper side and convex on the lower pubescent side. The flowers are yellow with an orange spot at the base of the petals. At garden forms This species has a rich palette of colors - monophonic and two-color simple or double flowers bloom profusely from April to June.

In addition to the species described, primroses of Sikim, Bisa, fine-toothed, ear, Geller, snow, small, Voronova, Yulia, Komarov, Ruprecht and many, many others are attractive for flower growers.

Primrose properties

All parts of evening primrose contain high concentrations of manganese salts. The ground parts of the plant are rich in vitamins, the rhizomes are rich in saponins, essential oils and glycosides. Primrose leaves are used in salads, added to stir-fries and soups. Due to the high content of ascorbic acid and carotene in them in the spring, during beriberi, they support the body. Not only fresh, but also powdered dried roots and leaves of primrose are used for food. As a medicine, primrose is used for expectoration in diseases of the respiratory tract - a medicinal infusion is made from the rhizomes, and a decoction is made from the leaves. Primula is used for pain relief in rheumatism and as a diuretic in diseases of the kidneys and bladder. An infusion of leaves helps with colds, sore throats, headaches, neuroses and insomnia, and an infusion of roots is used to resolve external hemorrhages. All parts of primrose are a component of various medicinal preparations and teas. A contraindication for use may be individual intolerance to primrose. Plant medicines should be used with caution in early pregnancy.

Primula is a delicate plant shrouded in legends and mysterious stories. The name of the plant comes from the Latin word "first", because in natural conditions and in the garden it is the primrose that blooms first after the winter cold. Some varieties of primroses are used in cosmetology and even cooking.

Homeland and appearance of primrose

The primrose genus unites more than five hundred species and varieties of primrose plants. The overwhelming majority of primroses are found in the northern hemisphere, where a temperate climate reigns. Bushes can be found near water bodies, on the banks of rivers and lakes, as well as on mountain slopes and in meadows. Primula also grows in the Himalayas.

Despite the fact that primroses are predominantly herbaceous perennials, there are subshrubs and even evergreens among them.

All primroses form a basal rosette of leaves. sheet plate long, deep green with jagged edges. Inflorescences are formed on a peduncle, the length of which is determined by the belonging of the primrose to a certain variety and species. The color of the inflorescences is varied, there are primroses with variegated and two-color petals.

Watering mode

Watering is an essential part of primrose care. Given that under natural conditions, the vast majority of primroses choose moist soils, the most comfortable conditions for the plant are abundant watering, but without stagnant water.

Lighting Requirements

As for lighting, in this matter one should be guided by the belonging of the primrose to a particular species. Thus, for some plants, it is preferable to choose shaded areas under the protection of bushes and trees, and some varieties of primroses like open areas in the garden. The only rule that applies to all varieties and types of primroses is to shade the bushes from direct sunlight during the day.

The best place for a primrose in the garden is an area that receives only morning sun, and you can also choose a rocky hill in the western, eastern or northern part of the garden.

Temperature regime

The overwhelming majority of primroses easily tolerate frosts down to -6 degrees, however, it is still better to dig up some hybrid varieties in the fall, transplant them into containers and store them indoors until spring. If the variety is resistant to cold, it is enough to cover the bushes with spruce branches, after pouring humus under them.

When purchasing a primrose, it is important to ask the seller about the frost resistance of the variety and the need to shelter the bushes for the winter.

Soil and top dressing

Primula needs loose and nutritious substrates that long time stay moist. Plants should not be planted on clay soils, if there is no other soil on the site, it should be poured into the flower bed :

• Sand at the rate of one bucket per square meter;
• Vermiculite, sphagnum moss and other organic fertilizers at the rate of 20 kg per square meter.

If possible, you can replace upper layer soil (20 cm) more nutritious substrate.

Primroses respond well to the introduction of such organic fertilizers, like humus, peat (do not use fresh peat), leafy soil or compost. Such top dressing not only contributes to the enrichment of the soil, but also significantly improves its structure.

For lush flowering primrose needs potash, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers. You need to feed the bushes three times during the growing season - in early spring, a few weeks later and in the second half of summer.

Primrose transplant

It is necessary to transplant the primrose once every three or four years. There are several reasons for this:

1. Perennial varieties over this period of time grow and the outlets become crowded in the allotted area.
2. Reduced splendor and duration of flowering.
3. The root system is exposed, which can die in winter from the cold.

You can correct the situation if you transplant the primrose by dividing the mother plant into several young bushes. Thus, it is possible to combine transplanting and breeding primrose in the garden.

It is best to carry out the procedure immediately after the end of flowering, each type of primrose has its own specific period of the year. Before the winter cold, young plants will have time to take root and get stronger.

If for some reason it was not possible to transplant the primrose, you can divide the bushes in the fall, but in this case, under each young plant it is necessary to pour peat, humus or spud well.

In the process of boarding landing pits you need to add manure, ash and sand. Distance between bushes large primroses at least 40 cm, and undersized, miniature varieties can be planted at a distance of 10-15 cm. However, if you want to quickly get a decorative effect from the primrose, the bushes should be planted as close to each other as possible.

It is important to remember that all work in the garden is best done in cloudy weather and moisten the soil well.

The choice of the optimal method of reproduction depends on the variety and type of primrose.

Reproduction by seeds

The overwhelming majority of candelabra primroses are biennial plants, therefore, as a rule, no special actions are taken to propagate them. It is enough not to remove dry inflorescences, on which seeds appear, which are independently sown in the garden, filling the free space.

Some varieties of primroses, such as Tibetan and Acaulis, are able to displace other plants in the garden with the help of self-sowing. To avoid this, experts recommend removing the inflorescences immediately after flowering and preventing the seeds from ripening.

In general, the process of seed propagation of primroses is quite troublesome and laborious. Given that the germination of planting material is rapidly declining, it is necessary to sow the seeds immediately after harvest. To ensure maximum germination of primrose, it is important to stratify the seeds and grow them in cool conditions. That is why many gardeners prefer the primrose to multiply. naturally, and on next year transplanted young bushes on permanent place in the garden.

If you still decide to try to grow primrose from seeds, it is better to start this in November or December.

To maximize seed germination, plants must be grown in following conditions:

• Temperature within +17 degrees;
• High air humidity;
• Light place.

Under all conditions, the first shoots appear after ten days. Then the humidity and air temperature can be slightly reduced. In the second half of March, young bushes can be transplanted into separate pots, and a few weeks later - into open ground.

Primroses grown from seeds grow much more slowly and require more care. This should be taken into account when starting seed propagation of primrose.

Method of rooting axillary shoots

This method is suitable for primroses that have a single rosette of leaves or a poorly developed root system.

To get young plants you need:

• Near the base of the root neck, separate the leaf with the petiole, bud and part of the shoot;
• Sheet plates need to be cut in half;
• The resulting stalk must be planted in a substrate consisting of equal parts of sheet soil and sand.

The conditions for rooting cuttings are as follows:

• The air temperature is approximately +17 degrees;
• Bright light, but shading from direct sunlight;
• The soil must be kept moderately moist.

When three young leaves appear on the sprouts, they can be planted in flowerpots up to 9 cm in diameter. Plants are transplanted into open ground with the onset of comfortable weather conditions.

The main criterion for the classification of primroses is the period of their flowering.

Second half of April - first half of May

During this period, the spring primrose blooms first. Wrinkled leaves form a basal rosette, from the center of which a peduncle up to 30 cm high appears, crowned with an umbrella-type inflorescence. The flowers are mostly simple yellow, but hybrid varieties come with double flowers a variety of shades.

Approximately in the same period of the year, the common primrose blooms. Peduncles are short, at the end of each are inflorescences. There are many flowers, thanks to this a bright pillow up to 12 cm high is formed. The flowers are large - up to 3 cm in diameter, of a wide variety of shades.

The most popular varieties:

• Virginia;
• Cerulean.

Another early flowering type of primrose is high. Peduncles reach a height of 20 cm, on each of which several inflorescences bloom at once.

The most popular varieties are:

• Alba;
• Aureya;
• Goldrand;
• Gartenprimel.

Primrose many-flowered belongs to the same species and flowering period, the peduncle of which reaches a height of 40 cm and is able to form up to 20 flowers.

Mid May

The most popular primrose of this flowering period is the finely toothed primrose. The name of the plant was due to the shape of the leaves - the edges of the leaf plate are serrated. Peduncles are high - up to 40 cm, and by the time flowering ends, their length reaches 60 cm. The inflorescences have the shape of a ball formed by many small flowers of different shades.

Also of note is the undersized primrose Julia, which blooms with raspberry flowers, its hybrid - primrose Romeo and Juliet - blooms with pink and blue inflorescences. During the flowering period, the primrose forms a continuous bright carpet, which is why it is often grown on Alpine rollercoaster. In addition, it is Julia's primrose that is the most frost-resistant variety.

A little later, ear primrose blooms. The plant is distinguished by dense leaves, with a smooth structure and an unusual green color with a blue tint. The edges of the sheet plate are wrapped inward. The flowers are quite large - up to 4 cm in diameter, collected in umbrella-type inflorescences of 10 pieces. The hybrid variety of primrose is pubescent.

The end of May

During this period, Siebold's primrose blooms. This is a low-growing plant with light green leaves and pink flowers with a white core.

At the end of the flowering period, the ground part dries up completely so as not to damage the root system, it is necessary to mark the planting site of the bush.

Mid summer

This is the flowering period of a rare group of primroses - Candelabra. These plants are native to Japan. This type of primrose is distinguished by a high peduncle - up to 50 cm, the flowers are arranged in several tiers and are colored purple. This group includes the primrose of Bis, Bull and the Bulleziana variety.

The end of the summer

Primrose Florinda is the last of the season to bloom. The birthplace of the flower is Tibet, which is why it is quite difficult to meet it in gardens. The peduncle reaches a height of 80 cm, grows from the center of the rosette of leaves. The flowers are bell-shaped and bright orange. Such a primrose can be planted near a reservoir.

wintering primrose

At the end of the flowering period, it is necessary to prepare primroses for wintering.

The overwhelming majority of varieties of garden primroses are frost-resistant and do not require special shelter, however, it is advisable to dig up hybrid species during the cold season and store them in containers indoors until spring.

Frost-resistant varieties are prepared for winter as follows:

• In late autumn, humus must be added under the bushes of plants, so the root system of primroses will be reliably protected from frost;
• As a rule, a good layer of snow is enough for flowers to winter quietly in the garden, but winters are not always snowy, in this case the bushes are covered with spruce branches when the air temperature reaches -10 degrees.

You can not cut the leaves of primrose in the fall, they also protect the plants from wind and cold. Pruning is carried out in early spring.

Primroses in small pots look unusually gentle and beautiful, blooming for the main spring holiday - March 8th.

What needs to be done so that the bush blooms by a specific date:

1. The choice of primrose for distillation.
   First of all, you should choose the right primrose variety for distillation; undersized species at the age of two or three. If you use annual bushes, the plants will turn out small by March 8. Older primroses can also be used for forcing, but it is recommended to divide them into several independent bushes before planting.
2. Preparation for forcing.
   In late autumn, the plants must be dug up, saving a clod of earth. The bushes are immediately placed in a cold room, where the air temperature does not exceed +3 degrees. In such conditions, primroses live until the beginning of February.
3. Primrose planting.
   In early February, leaves and stems are removed from prepared plants. Planting is carried out in flowerpots with a diameter of no more than 10-12 cm. It is best to choose a special substrate - for primroses, but you can also use a universal earth mixture. When planting, it is important not to deepen the outlet, leaving it at ground level.
4. Care after landing.
   Primroses need to be kept in cool conditions, optimum temperature within +5-+10 degrees. Exactly like this temperature regime Promotes bud set and lush flowering. Lighting should be bright, but direct sunlight is important to avoid. It is necessary to adhere to moderate watering. Top dressing can be omitted, only immediately before opening the buds, add a one percent solution of complex mineral fertilizer to the soil.
5. Care after flowering.
   At the end spring flowering primroses can be re-planted in the garden and continue to take care of the flowers in the usual way.

Primrose in landscape design

Surely in every garden there is a place where nothing grows and which seems completely useless. It is in such areas that unpretentious primroses are most often planted. At first glance, the primrose is not particularly decorative, but in the spring, after a cold winter, its juicy greenery and bright inflorescences are very pleasing to the eye and decorate the landscape.

The most unpretentious are:

• Primrose ordinary;
• Spring primrose or rams.

The same unpretentious, but more spectacular in the color of the leaves and inflorescences, as well as having a longer flowering period are:

• Primula ear;
• Primula finely toothed.

For flower beds and flower beds, hybrid varieties of primroses are most often used. They are distinguished by a wide variety of colors and more decorative inflorescences. In addition, such primroses bloom twice during the season: in spring and in August.

Primroses are great for growing green borders. These are plants that form separately standing sockets. The ideal place to grow is north side, protected from the sun, otherwise the inflorescences will quickly lose their decorative effect, and the flowering period will be reduced.

The best varieties for a living border are:

• Primula polyanthus;
• Primrose high.

Primrose looks very beautiful and unusual near water bodies. To do this, you need to choose varieties that prefer high humidity: Sikkimese primrose.

The overwhelming majority of primroses cannot stand constant stagnation of water; this causes the root system to die.

Note to florist

Why does the primrose not bloom?

Often the cause of weak flowering or its complete absence is the defeat of the plant by diseases or insects. The peak of the invasion of pests, as well as the development of diseases, falls precisely on the flowering of the primrose, and if the bush is struck, it does not have the strength to form buds.

It is possible to identify the danger in a timely manner by the leaves, which change their color - this is the initial stage of the defeat of the primrose. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, very soon the plant will lose its decorative effect and die. Recognized as the most effective chemicals. It is necessary to process primroses in the spring and during the flowering period.

Another reason for the lack of flowers on the primrose is growing in too cramped conditions. Primroses for three or four years grow strongly and begin to crowd each other. This negatively affects not only appearance plants, but also in flowering.

Why does the primrose not rise?

Primroses wintering in the open field lose their germination for several reasons:

• Very coldy;
• Rotting from excess moisture.

Also dangerous is the bright spring sun, which can burn a plant that is not accustomed to ultraviolet after winter. The reason for the death of the plant can be watering with hard water.

Diseases and pests of primrose

Most often, the flower is affected by diseases such as:

• Rot that affects the root collar and stems;
• Rust;
• Bacterial spotting;
• Powdery mildew;
• Anthracnose.

Also great harm plants are pests:

• Nematodes;
• Ticks;
• Slugs;
• weevils;
• Fleas.

The most dangerous period for primrose is the second half of spring and the beginning of summer. As a result of damage, the leaves turn pale, acquire a gray tint or turn brown. With the development of damage, the plant begins to dry out, flowering stops and the primrose dies.

Disease and insect control:

1. Remove any damaged leaves and burn them.
2. The remaining healthy parts of the plants must be treated with a fungicide solution.
3. Additionally, you can use a solution of copper oxychloride or Bordeaux mixture.

It is necessary to spray primroses before the beginning of the flowering period in spring and after the end of flowering in autumn.

Primrose care video

Delicate primrose attracts flower growers not only bright inflorescences and a long flowering period, but also ease of care. You can grow bushes in the shade, under trees, it is important to provide the plant with abundant watering and nutrient soil. However, the primrose does not tolerate stagnant water and direct sunlight. Some varieties of primroses are easily propagated independently by seed, without causing any trouble to the owner.

The spring flower, also known as the primrose, is able to bloom even before the final melting of the snow cover. Thanks to this feature, the plant attracts the close attention of many landscape designers and flower growers. The perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not take much time and effort, captivates with the spring attractiveness of bright inflorescences against the backdrop of nature that has not yet awakened.

Each gardener or gardener has a plot unsuitable for further cultivation of crops on it, in their opinion. However, an unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such areas, delighting the owner with spring colors. And although the beauty of the primrose is not able to outshine the surrounding flowers, it is able to give its flowers over a long period - from mid-spring to mid-summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

planting flowers

Proper landing is the key successful cultivation plants.

Site and soil preparation

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some love sunny areas, others - areas shaded by other plants, and others - damp banks of water bodies. The best solution would be to plant a crop in a shaded area or on the east side of the house, which will protect it from drying out in the midday scorching sun. If the planting of flowers is planned for the design of the rock garden, then the south side should be avoided.

Primrose prefers light fertile soils with high humidity and good drainage system, which prevents the stagnation of water, in which the flower needs most of all in the phase of intensive development and flowering. In case of severe depletion of the soil, additional enrichment with nutrients is carried out by introducing organic matter at a rate of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g of nitroammophoska for a similar area.

How and when to plant?

Planting perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of development. Compact varieties are seated with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are spaced 20 cm apart.

Important! The bushes should be planted in such a way that when the growth is completed, the plantings are closed: the primrose has a negative attitude towards excess space.

Landing Rules

Primrose is planted, as a rule, with seedlings, for which you must follow the instructions:

1. At the beginning of February, seeds purchased from a specialized store are distributed over the surface of a moistened soil mixture, consisting of leafy soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, so that there are up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
2. The dishes with crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in freezer with temperatures down to -10°C.
3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with frozen seeds will be moved to the windowsill, where it is shaded from the direct sun.
4. A week after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.
5. When seedlings, characterized by slow growth, form two pairs of true leaves, the seedlings are dived into boxes with tweezers.

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Perennial garden primrose care

Primrose does not need special care. However, in order for a flower to please its owner with flowers for a long period, it is required to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in open ground.

Watering

Culture needs constantly moistened soil. In the spring, abundant watering is carried out once a week. During hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used doubles - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

top dressing

Enriching the soil with nutrients is an integral part of proper care. During the growing season, the primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration two times less than indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid building up green mass instead of forming flowers, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the application of potassium and phosphorus.

flower transplant

Primula belongs to the strongly growing plants, therefore, it needs a systematic transplant every 4-5 years, in which the bush is divided.

Protection from pests and diseases

Since the primrose is cultivated on moist soils in partial shade, it is prone to fungal diseases in the form of powdery mildew, rot, rust, and bacterial blotches. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed. Of the pests on the primrose, aphids, spider mites, weevils, fleas are noted, which can be fought by spraying plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Preparing for winter

After flowering is completed, the soil under the primroses is loosened and cleared of weeds, after which the flowers are left alone. AT autumn period the culture begins to build up a green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers for the winter.

reproduction

The seed method is not the only possible way primrose breeding. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting the shoots.

The division of the bush

After the bush reaches three years, as a rule, you can begin to divide it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties reproduce using this method only after five years of age. Optimal time for dividing the bush are early spring or autumn - periods before the flowering phase or after it.

When carrying out the procedure, you should be guided by the following algorithm:

• The plant is carefully dug up, and its root system is cleared of soil residues.
• The rhizome is divided with a sharp knife into parts, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leafy rosette.
• Places of cuts are sprinkled wood ash as an antiseptic.
• After the separated parts of the rhizome are planted in the garden.
• During spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
• If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take refuge even before the onset of serious cold snaps.

Reproduction by cuttings

When applying this method, the largest primrose bush is selected, from which, after extraction from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

• The tops of the cuttings are cut longitudinally, which allows you to accelerate the growth rate of the kidneys.
• Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

rooting

In the case when the plant does not have a formed root system and fully developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable method of propagation.

To be successful, you need to do the following:

• From the very base of the rhizome, a leaf petiole with ⅓ of a leaf plate is separated.
• The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of leafy earth and sand in equal parts.
• The pot is transferred to a room with a large amount of diffused light and a temperature regime in the range of 16-18 ° C.

When a shoot forms from a bud, the plant is moved to the garden, provided that weather allow it.

Application in landscape design

Primrose's variety of species and varieties, as well as its ease of cultivation, have contributed to its growing popularity among landscapers, some of whom prefer primroses over tulips or daffodils. After all, if you choose the right varietal composition, a flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to the end of summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

• The shores of artificial reservoirs are often decorated with moisture-loving primroses.
• Borders and paths are organically shaded by bright varieties.
• Rock gardens and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding soil and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is an ideal culture for any garden plot. And the species diversity makes it possible to enjoy long flowering almost until the end of summer.

The second name of this wonderful flower is primrose. This is completely logical, given that it is he who owns the "palm tree" among spring flowers. Garden primrose is distinguished by a variety of varieties, unpretentious care and does not require much attention. The basic rules for growing spring primrose are described in our information.

Primrose varieties

A variety of varieties and colors will allow you to experiment with a suitable site design. Despite its inconspicuous size, garden primrose has an additional advantage - bright inflorescences. Petals are terry, simple and have an uneven color. Classification is carried out according to the arrangement of inflorescences.

There are the following types:

1. Umbrella primroses. The most numerous "family", which includes spring primrose, pubescent, many-flowered, tall, auricular, rejected and pink. It will also be interesting to know how

   Umbrella primroses

2. capitate primroses. Otherwise, they are also called spherical, and capitate and finely toothed primroses from this species are most common. But how it happens will help to understand the photo from the article.

   

   capitate primroses

3. candelabra primroses. The arrangement of inflorescences goes in peculiar tiers, among the most popular varieties are Japanese, primrose "Bulley" and "Bisa".

   

   Candelabra

4. Bell-shaped primroses. The most common among them: Sikkim, powdery and primrose "Florinda".

   

   bell-shaped

The differences between the species are not so noticeable, especially since breeding work makes it possible to obtain more and more varieties of this plant literally every year. On sale, primroses are often marked not by variety, but by the color of the inflorescences. Most often they sell grown flowers with a pronounced decorative effect. To extend the life of such a gift, you need to know the basic rules of plant farming.

Agrotechnics of primroses

The purchased pot with the plant should not be immediately subjected to additional stress and planted in open ground. It is usually believed that a faded primrose can simply be thrown away, because it is not at all easy to achieve repeated flowering. However, if we are talking about a perennial plant, the main thing is to adhere to the following rules.

The main subtleties of growing primrose:

1. This plant is able to take root even on infertile soil, so it is not necessary to allocate the best site for it.
2. The distance between the bushes should be at least 10 centimeters for miniature varieties, and respectively 25 cm for large ones.
3. The soil must be well moistened, it is necessary to loosen the top layer regularly.
4. Top dressing must be carried out with any mineral complex for flowering plants, only reduce the concentration by half. For primrose, it is undesirable to use nitrogen components, because flowering in this case will be replaced by lush foliage. Potassium and phosphorus complexes stimulate the formation of buds best of all.
5. In hot weather, the frequency of watering is doubled so that the roots of the plant do not die. At the same time, it is desirable that moisture does not fall on the leaves of the plant, so drip irrigation is preferable.
6. It is possible to plant a potted plant only after the last buds have fallen. Transplantation is carried out by transshipment of an earthen coma into a previously prepared hole.
7. For cold climates, it is necessary to consider winter shelter. It can be dry leaves, straw and agrofibre. In order for the plant to survive negative temperatures, the thickness of the shelter should be at least 5 - 7 centimeters.
8. To extend the flowering period of the plant, it is necessary to cut off faded buds. This will help save energy for new flowers. Also, damaged or dry leaves should be removed from the bush.
9. To obtain larger inflorescences, it is recommended to thin out the ovaries and buds. Usually the largest and most promising are left on the bush, and the rest must be disposed of. How is the care after flowering Hyacinth in the open field, is described in great detail in this

On the video - growing garden perennial Primrose:

Highly important nuance: Do not cut leaves in autumn. This serves as a natural hiding place for the roots of the plant. After the last snow melts and the first shoots appear, the dried leaves are removed so that the bush looks neat and beautiful.

reproduction

After the bush is strong enough and grows, you can try to divide it into separate parts. For this, mature enough plants are suitable, whose age is at least three years.

The algorithm for dividing a bush is quite simple. To do this, you need to carefully dig it out of the ground and clean the roots. After that, cut with a knife approximately in the middle, leaving enough strong roots and stems on both parts.

If the plant has not yet grown much, you can propagate the primrose by cuttings. To do this, a strong root is separated from the underground part of the bush, preferably with a layer. It must be cut, and then planted separately from mother plant. and here is how Aquilegia is propagated by seeds, in great detail. with photo, described in this

In order for germination to be as successful and fast as possible, it is necessary to position the root horizontally, having previously made several punctures along the length. This will help to sprout faster, and fertilizers with stimulants and good watering will contribute to this.

Growing from seed

Despite the duration of this process, growing primrose from seeds will not be difficult even for inexperienced gardeners. Three periods are suitable for this, each of which is characterized by its own nuances.

Basic landing rules:

• Landing "in winter" is considered the most effective. The soil will receive enough moisture, and a good shelter will protect it from freezing. Planted primroses do not need additional care, and early varieties are capable of the first flowering as early as next spring.
• For spring period It is best to choose the end of February - the beginning of March. At this time, pre-germinated seeds are planted in prepared soil. To create optimal conditions for temperature and humidity, it is better to use plastic wrap or glass. Plants are transplanted into open ground only after the final warming up of the earth, and in case of night frosts, it is necessary to think over a sufficiently reliable shelter.
• In summer, you can plant seeds directly from faded plants. The disadvantage is the insufficient degree of soil moisture during this period. That is why it is necessary to provide partial shade, and, if necessary, to mulch the soil. But what look like undersized flowers for a flower bed blooming all summer can be seen in the photo in this

On the video - growing flowers from seeds:

Growing primrose from seeds will take at least two to three years, because flowering will occur precisely after this period of time. The rows of seedlings should be dense, because perennial primrose

Primrose belongs to the genus - herbs, the Primrose family. Most representatives of these flowers are rhizomatous. This flower blooms one of the first, during the first warm days.

Primula, when planted in the garden, becomes a decoration of space with its beautiful and bright colors with a pleasant aroma.

Primroses are grown as ground cover plants, in flowerbeds, discounts, mixborders, alpine slides, next to borders and for cutting, in outdoor containers, on balconies and in pots at room conditions.

Primula perennial grows into a low bush. These rhizomatous herbaceous plants they bloom mainly in spring, although some species can please with flowers in the summer months.

The plant is compact, rarely reaches 30 centimeters, but there are exceptions that reach 50-90 centimeters in height.

The leaf rosette consists of petiolate oblong oval lanceolate, sessile, simple, dissected leaves.
Some species have wrinkled leaves, others are leathery, gray-green, dense, with a slight waxy coating.

Wrinkled whole leaves are slightly pubescent and diverge from the root, forming a rosette.

Stems without leaves. Buds, depending on the variety, can be single or collected in a variety of inflorescences.

Flowers on long peduncles solitary (simple) or collected in bell-shaped, spherical, pyramidal, umbellate, cushion-shaped, tiered inflorescences.
Flowers have a tubular shape with funnel-shaped or flat limbs.

Flowers are formed at the end of the shoot. The shape of the flowers is correct. Petals fused, five-membered at the edges. The color of the flowers is bright, varied, there are two and three-color varieties.

After flowering on the peduncles, fruit-boxes (multi-seedlings) of a cylindrical or spherical shape with dark brown small seeds are formed.
Flowers are propagated by seeds, cuttings, dividing the bush.

There are more than 500 species of primrose. Primula grows in humid places - near mountain rivers, lakes, streams, meadows.

Under natural conditions, this flower is found in Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and Central Asia.

More than 300 species of flowers grow in the Himalayas, Asia, Western China, 33 species grow in Europe, 17 species in Africa, South America, 2 species in North America and 1 in Java.
Any primrose is fragile, tender and a little cold.

Garden types of primrose are divided into cushion and umbrella. Varieties for capitate,
candelabra, tiered, bell.

Primrose ear or auricula (auriculastrum) includes 21 European species. The plant is undersized. The leaves are dense, dark green in color, about 20 centimeters long. There are small teeth along the edges of the foliage. Flowers and stems are covered with a whitish mealy coating. Coloring of flowers is yellow, pink, lilac, violet. Some varieties have a white eye. Flowering stretched from April to June.

Primula Julia- includes primrose prugonitskaya. The plant grows up to 10 centimeters in height. The leaves are oval in shape, the teeth are rounded along the edge. Petioles are long. Flowers single, lilac-violet (up to 3 centimeters). The flower tube is long (2 centimeters).
There are deep grooves in the middle of the petals. Flowering lasts from early April to early May.
Varieties and hybrids of this primrose have a variety of colors.

Powdery primrose includes more than 80 species. Flowers are yellow or white coating. Flowers are collected in umbrella inflorescences. Moisture-loving plants require additional shelter for the winter.

Primula cortusiformis without powdery coating. Funnel-shaped flowers. Leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, pubescent. Peduncle pubescent, 10-40 cm long. Flowers are collected in an umbrella. Flowering lasts from May to the end of June.
This group combines: Siebold's primrose, rejected, rocky primrose, multi-nervous and others.

Primula High has leaves from 5 to 20 centimeters in length. The underside is pubescent. The height of the peduncles is 10-30 centimeters. Flowers are long-tubular orange, yellow tones. Flower diameter 2.5 cm.

Includes early flowering species. The leaves are smooth with serrated edges. The flowers are bright pink with a small yellow eye. Moisture-loving flower.

Alpine auricles have a bright, saturated color. The tube with the middle have one color. Flowers with a white center have purple-blue petals. With a golden yellow center, the petals are reddish brown. Sometimes there is a light border. Powdery coating is absent.

Reverse conical view of primrose has a leaf edge. Hair causes allergies. The bush is neat, grows in breadth. The height of the bush is 50 centimeters. The buds are collected in inflorescences-umbrellas. Flowers can be purple, red, white, pink.

Recently, new varieties have appeared with a minimum allergen content or its complete absence, such varieties can be grown in pots for further transplanting into the ground.

Medicinal form of primrose Evening opens its buds in the evening. Fading, fruits-boxes with seeds are formed on the stems. The seeds are used to make medicinal oil. A flower decorates any flower bed.

Stemless view is purely decorative. This perennial forms several rosettes of leaves. A peduncle with a flower develops from the center of the rosette. The color of the flowers is yellow, white, blue. The bush is undersized, compact, dense, similar to a violet.

Toothed primrose includes 2 types: capitate primrose and

Primula finely toothed

• Primrose polyanthus (multi-flowered) has large flowers (5-6 centimeters). The plant blooms in late May - June. The plant for the winter requires shelter.
• curbs primroses are the most stable and hardy.
• Exhibition are gentle, demanding hybrids. Flowers are covered with powdery coating.
• Primula terry very beautiful and demanding care.
• polyanthus primroses are complex hybrids.
• Primrose candelabra are summer flowering. They require shelter for the winter.

The best varieties are:

Variety Max when grown in the shade has black flowers, when good lighting flowers have a cherry hue.

Primula pubescent Ruby is a large-flowered hybrid. The flower is velvet ruby-cherry, the center is large, yellow color.

Primula Rubin

Variety Violetta has light purple flowers. The eye is yellow.

Primrose pubescent Violetta

You can also note the varieties: Delekluza, Primlet Sunrise, Piano, Small Primula, Shaggy, Big Ben, Queen's Lace, Danova, Francesca, Blue Jeans, Miranda, Spring Primula, Meteor, Daniela, Roseanne's, Rosie's varietal lines.

Growing from seeds is the most common way to propagate this plant. Seed propagation allows you to have rare and unusual varieties in your garden. Do-it-yourself planting material will be healthy and strong, it will survive the transplant more easily.

Before sowing, you need to choose which primroses are best planted. Perennial spring-flowering ones include: akaulis, rose-shaped, high primrose, finely toothed, spring and auricula. Summer ones include: Bissa, Japanese, Florinda, Kokkburna, Bullea, Bullesian and Viali primroses.

For sowing, shallow containers are taken (boxes, containers, pots, peat tablets).

1. In boxes, the bottom is lined with foil.
2. Several holes are made in the film.
3. The earth must be moist and nutritious.
4. Seeds are sown superficially.
5. Containers and pots should have holes to drain excess water.

Sowing primrose seeds: video

When the variety is selected, you can start preparing the soil and seeds.

The substrate should be airy, light and fertile. The soil mixture should contain turf soil, universal soil from the store, peat. 30-50 percent of sand, sphagnum moss, vermiculite and perlite are added to it. This additive allows you to retain moisture, let air through and keep the soil loose. You can use ready-made substrate from a flower shop.

The substrate is calcined in the oven for 20 minutes and spilled with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. These procedures help to disinfect the soil.
Before sowing for a day, the mixture is moistened.

Seeds can be collected independently or bought from seed plants. When buying, you need to pay attention to expiration dates and the microclimate in the room. To collect seeds from rare varieties, so that cross-pollination does not occur, different varieties planted at a distance from each other.

Overwintering plants often reproduce by self-sowing.

Most varieties require stratification (cooling) for germination.

Breeding varieties do not require refrigeration.
Before sowing, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the variety.

Seeds for cooling should be kept in the refrigerator or on the balcony for 15-30 days. Or place them for 2 hours in the cold, then in heat, and so on 5 times.

Biostimulation is used to accelerate germination. The seeds are soaked in aloe juice for 20 minutes, then dried and sown in the ground.

Sowing is carried out in December - January. Modern varieties(hybrids) have more short term growth and sown in February - March. From the moment of sowing primrose to the formation of flowers, 4-6 months pass.

Seeds are spread evenly on thin layer snow or wet ground.

Small-seeded varieties (Pimula Auricula, Primula Siebold) are sown on a thin layer of vermiculite and sprayed from a spray bottle.

Seeds are poured out on paper folded in half and sown in the ground. This allows you to more evenly distribute all the seeds over the surface.

• No more than 5 seeds should go per 1 centimeter.
• Larger seeds can be spread over the surface with a moistened toothpick.
• Seeds are laid out at a distance of 1-1.5 centimeters from each other.
• When sowing in peat tablets, 1-2 seeds are dropped.
• When sowing in a pot, no more than 3 seeds are placed in the soil.

After sowing, the seeds are lightly pressed to the ground and sprinkled with water.

The container is covered with a transparent film or lid, glass.
When the soil dries up, it is moistened with a spray bottle. You can water the sprouts with a syringe without a needle. If there is a pallet, watering can be carried out through it. Excess water is drained off.

After sowing the seeds, the container is installed in a bright place (without direct sunlight). When light-loving varieties germinate, for better growth, additional lighting with a phytolamp is carried out.

To avoid the accumulation of condensate, the film on the container is slightly opened several times a day, air exchange is created and excess moisture evaporates.

Germination requires a stable temperature of 15-18 degrees Celsius. The first sprouts appear in 10-15 days. Elevated temperature leads to a reduction in the duration of flowering primrose.

Picking is carried out with the germination of 2 main leaves. The soil should be breathable and light.

Small plants are fertilized with a weak solution of mineral fertilizers every 10 days.
As it grows, soil is added to the container.

The grown seedlings are planted in separate containers. Weak shoots are removed.
Seedlings are planted in open ground, reaching 10-20 centimeters in height (depending on the variety).

How to sow primroses in winter Seed stratification: video

Planting primrose in the ground is carried out from early to mid-May (depending on the region). When using greenhouses, sowing can be done immediately after the snow melts, the air inside the shelter warms up to 16 degrees.

Primula prefers fertile drained soil, plenty of moisture and partial shade. The site should be shaded for at least 5 hours a day. The place is fed with rotted compost, dug up and loosened.

Plants can be planted near bushes, tall plants. Shade-loving varieties are planted under trees, along fences.

In heavy clay soil sand, crushed sphagnum, vermiculite (a bucket per square meter) is added. Additionally, 20 kilograms of humus and 60 grams of mineral fertilizers are introduced per 1 meter.

Planting seedlings is carried out in pre-prepared, watered holes. The size of the pits should be equal to the size of an earthy coma with a flower. The distance between the pits depends on the variety and size of the plant and ranges from 10 to 70 centimeters.

The sapling is lowered into the hole along with the earthy clod and compressed with earth. root collar deepens.

Watering is done under the root. Do not pour water on the plant! Approximately 3 liters of water per square meter.

To preserve moisture around the seedlings, mulch from peat, sawdust, needles is distributed.
At night, at first, the plants are covered with a film.

First dressing early varieties produced around the outlet with mineral fertilizers. After half a month, superphosphate is introduced for lush flowering (20 grams per square meter).

After 20 days, top dressing is made with infusion of fermented manure (a liter per bucket). For each bush goes a liter of fertilizer.

Watering is carried out when the earth dries up. The soil must not dry out. During spring and summer, plants should receive a sufficient amount of moisture; by autumn, watering stops. Primrose for the winter should remain in dry ground. Plants should be watered gently under the root, without touching the outlet and buds.

Mulch is distributed around the plantings to retain moisture.
The soil in the absence of mulch after each watering is loosened, weeds are removed.

To prevent the soil from becoming alkaline, chelate or ferrous sulfate is applied once a month during irrigation.

Top dressing is carried out during budding and flowering, and then stops until the end of summer. Fertilizers are applied once every 2 weeks. Mineral fertilizers are applied to the ground.

For a good wintering in August, primroses are fertilized with a solution of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (30 grams per bucket).

The thickening of plantings and weeds leads to diseases and pest damage to primrose.

Primula is an unpretentious plant, but there are diseases and pests that can kill a flower.

Primula is affected by:

• the fungus Ramularia cercosporella,
• late blight,
• root rot,
• anthracnose,
• rust,
• leaf spot,
• withering,
• powdery mildew,
• cucumber mosaic virus
• stem rot.

The most dangerous disease for a flower is a fungus Ramularia cercosporella. The disease manifests itself in late spring with spots on the leaves. The shape of the spots is round or angular. The color is pale. Over time, the color becomes brown or gray with a yellow border.

Affected leaves are cut off immediately. The plant is treated with Bordeaux liquid or any protective preparations. For prevention, spraying with a solution of Nitrafen is performed.

At phytophthora the aerial part of the bush withers. Old leaves are left intact at first. This disease appears due to excessive watering. Timely watering under a bush protects the plant from illness. In case of damage, the flower must be removed.

leaf spot determined by gray-brown spots with yellow edges. At high humidity spore plaque appears at the bottom of the leaf white color. First of all, old leaves are affected. But defeat and seedlings are possible. Spraying with fungicides and keeping the aerial parts of the plant dry helps to protect the plants.

To combat diseases, fungicides are used (Topsin, Fundazol, Nitrafen). Treatment is carried out with copper oxychloride, Bordeaux liquid.

The traditional pests of primrose are aphids, slugs, caterpillars, weevil, nematodes, fleas, whiteflies and spider mites.

Black and green aphids spread from the bottom of the leaf, suck out the juices and leave specks on the leaves. Then a sooty coating appears.

Caterpillars gnaw flowers, pedicels and foliage. For control, insecticides of the synthetic pyrethroid group are used.

Insecticides are used to control insects (Intavir, Iskra, Ragor). Large pests with single damage can be collected manually.

Primrose propagates by dividing the bush, cuttings and seeds. harvested seeds stored for 1-2 years.
Good seeds should have a thin shiny shell and a small appendage.

Primula can not be grown in one place for more than 3-6 years. Transplantation and division of the bush is carried out in early August in evening time or in the spring. After flowering, primrose should take about 2 weeks.

Child sockets neatly separated from the mother bush. Places of cuts are sprinkled with ash. The soil for planting should be fertilized with rotted compost and dug up. Planting is done in prepared holes.
By winter, the plant has time to take root and grow.

cuttings the most large bushes. Part of the formed dense roots is separated from them. Longitudinal incisions are made on the top of the cuttings. This helps the buds germinate faster. Cuttings are planted to a depth of 4 centimeters. Care is standard.

leaf petiole with a kidney is separated at the base of the root system. The sheet plate is cut off by a third.
The petiole with part of the shoot is planted in a mixture of earth and sand. The pot is placed in a bright place with an air temperature of 16-18 degrees. When buds appear and 3-4 leaves germinate, they are seated in separate pots. In the spring they can be transplanted into the ground.

Seeds are collected from slightly opened ripe boxes. After harvesting, they need to dry a little. For better storage they can be mixed with dry sand and put in a cold place before sowing.

Why primroses die: video

Most varieties of primrose fade by mid-summer.
Faded flower stalks are cut with part of the stem, this stimulates the growth and flowering of the plant.
Bushes with bright foliage are left for contrast with other flowers. The soil around the plants is cleared of weeds, loosened and remains at rest until winter.

Flowers for the winter need to be mulched 5-10 centimeters with humus, peat, compost, dry foliage, humus. At cold winter plants are covered with insulating material, spruce branches. Lapnik additionally protects plants from mice.
With a large snow cover, the snow is cleared.

In the spring, after removing the shelter, the old leaves are cut off, and the primrose begins to actively grow and bloom.

Primrose is used in many countries as medicinal plant. AT medicinal purposes roots, leaves, stems, flowers and seeds are used. Leaves are added to salads, and flowers to tea.

It's beautiful and unpretentious plant at proper care pleases with its bright colors for several years. And after seating allows you to get a large number of new bushes.