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. Mid-season variety. The period from germination to harvest is 68-72 days. The leaves are light, yellow-green. Refined taste. The plant is rich in easily digestible proteins, vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, mineral salts, carotene and other substances valuable for the human body.

Cabbage is different: white, red, Brussels sprouts, Peking, cauliflower, ornamental .... This article will focus on the cultivation of white cabbage. It plays an important role in human nutrition; without it, you cannot cook cabbage soup or borscht. Most of the population of our country harvests cabbage for the winter. What are the features of growing cabbage in open ground?​

Seed preparation

Need to sterilize before planting

At this stage, cabbage should be watered once every 10 days, after watering the ground needs to be loosened. When leaves appear, cabbage should be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers. To do this, you need 10 liters of water, and dissolve 10 g of ammonium nitrate in them. Such a solution is needed to fertilize 5-6 plants.

Sowing dates

The low temperature should be maintained for about a week before the leaves appear. It is best to take the plant to the balcony to achieve this temperature. And after the leaves appear, again increase the temperature of the content to 15 degrees or even 18.

necessary watering. Only under the condition of frequent watering will you get an elastic ovary and, as a result, a good head of cabbage;

Growing conditions

Mix one part of humus and sod land;

7. Before moving the seedlings to the site, it is not watered. Plants that are slightly wilted do not break so easily.
To combat this pest, DDT dust or 6% hexachloran dust are used, which are used to pollinate the plant after planting. The procedure is carried out two or three times with an interval of a week. The soil is watered using 30% thiophos (0.03% concentration). You can sprinkle the ground near the plant with naphthalene mixed with sand (1: 5).

Site preparation

Seedlings of different varieties are planted according to different schemes:

Cabbage is a very important crop that has been cultivated since time immemorial. Nowadays, there are more than ten of its species and many varieties.

Cabbage Beijing Glass

Seedling growing method

All varieties of cabbage can be divided into three groups according to ripening time: early, medium (mid-early and mid-late) and late. Agrotechnics for growing different varieties is different, but there is a lot in common. early cabbage gives a crop in 2 - 3 months, medium - in 3 - 5 months, late - in 5 - 7 months from germination.​

At a temperature of about 80 degrees.

The second period begins with the leaves on the seedlings and lasts until a head begins to form.

Growing without a pick

Ventilate the room regularly, the air should be fresh, but not cold. Once a week, water the seedlings with a small solution of potassium permanganate.

Landing in open ground

preventive treatment of formed heads of cabbage with various disinfectants to prevent the development of diseases;

Then a little ash should be added to the resulting mixture (approximately 10 tablespoons for every 10 kg of soil). Ash will be used by the plant as a source of macro- and microelements, and will also serve as an excellent antiseptic;

Compliance with such simple rules will allow you to get an excellent harvest of this useful crop.
A plant that has just begun to sprout can be damaged by a cruciferous flea that feeds on cabbage leaves. Early sowing and transplanting of seedlings can protect against this pest, which allows the plants to get stronger before the flea is activated. To accelerate growth and increase resistance, the plant is fed using saltpeter and slurry.
- early white and red cabbage - 30-40;​
Cabbage contains a lot useful substances: proteins, fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements. Regular consumption of any variety of cabbage is a good prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cabbage is useful for various diseases, such as anemia, various infections, skin diseases, etc. In addition, cabbage leaves are used as compresses for various wounds, headaches, upper respiratory tract diseases.
. Mid-season variety. The period from germination to harvest is 65-70 days. The taste qualities are excellent. Recommended for fresh consumption.​
Since cabbage does not tolerate transplanting well enough, it is best to grow it in peat pots or separate containers. It is necessary to try as accurately as possible to determine the time of planting seedlings in open ground in accordance with the weather. Usually cabbage seedlings are planted at 40 - 60 days of age, when it is already quite strong and developed. But you can land it at an earlier date, then it will quickly take root in a new place.

Let's dwell separately on the features of growing cauliflower, which is healthy and very tasty, which is why children love it very much.

seedless way

Nitrogen supplements should be practiced in the same volumes

About a couple of weeks after germination,

Periodic weeding of emerging weeds.

Feeding and care

Mix the resulting substrate well.

Cabbage is one of the main vegetable crops of our latitudes; it is grown almost everywhere in household plots. Therefore, it is often necessary to obtain her seedlings. In this article, we will consider the features of planting cabbage for seedlings, tell you what needs to be done in order to achieve an excellent result.

The cabbage whitefish (a white butterfly with black-spotted wings) can also damage the plant. Caterpillars emerge from the eggs that are laid on the underside of the leaf. Spreading through the plant, they feed on leaves, eating them down to coarse veins. In the fight against cabbage whites, the same means are used as for the cabbage moth.

- broccoli - 30-60, in order to develop side shoots - 40-60;​

Many gardeners are interested in how to grow early cabbage in their area. It is quite simple, this crop does not require special growing conditions.

Pest control

Beijing cabbage is a relatively cold-resistant, early maturing plant that grows well at moderate temperatures. Frost resistance of plants is low. In areas with long days, low temperatures in spring and early summer, it often switches to flowering without forming a good rosette of leaves.

Sow cabbage seeds for seedlings from February to May. The sowing time depends on the variety and the goals that you set for yourself. For example, to get early harvest cabbage should be sown as early as possible, and for harvesting for the winter, the calculation is based on the ripening time of cabbage. In any case, late cabbage must be sown for seedlings at the end of February or in the first decade of March, otherwise it will not have time to ripen. Mid-ripening and mid-late cabbage should be sown in March - early April, early cabbage - from early March to May.

Seeds for seedlings should be sown in the second half of March, and this should be done approximately every 20 days so that the harvest is rich and pleases the whole season.

, as before. You should regularly water the cabbage and do not forget about loosening, with proper care, the sheets will appear almost daily.

Seedlings should be transplanted into a larger container

There are other options for soil mixtures. They may differ in the main component. For example, peat can be used instead of sod land. The main thing in your experiments is to get well-aerated soil with a large supply of nutrients. Then the substrate should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Growing early cabbage in a greenhouse

Getting down to the idea of ​​​​planting cabbage, however, like any other vegetable, you first need to decide on its variety. There are a wide variety of varieties. They differ both in their taste and ripening time. You also need to consider why you are planting it: for spring salad, autumn sourdough or winter storage. There are the following varieties of cabbage:

Huge damage to the plant is caused by colonies of cabbage aphids, which suck the juices from plants. The leaves then become stained, begin to curl. The growth of cabbage slows down, the head tying stops.

- Brussels sprouts - 60-70;

Growing early cabbage begins with the preparation of seeds that need to be sorted and disinfected. To do this, they must first be placed for 20 minutes in hot water, then for one or two minutes in cold water and dried. If you purchased seeds in a store, then there is no need for such preparation.​

For the normal development of plants and the formation of a head of cabbage, an elevated temperature (20 ° C), the provision of soil with mineral nutrients and moisture are required. Beijing cabbage is very badly damaged by clubroot, cruciferous flea and cabbage fly.

Harvesting

Cabbage seedlings grow best in sunny greenhouses, sown at the optimum time. At night, the temperature there is low (but not below zero!), And during the day it corresponds to the optimal growth regime for cabbage. Therefore, seedlings grow strong, healthy and prepared for outdoor cultivation.​

Important Rules

To begin with, the seeds are prepared in advance: we pick the largest ones and disinfect them by soaking them in a solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour. Then

At this stage, you need to start an active pest control, preferably without the use of harmful poisons and chemicals. Some pests, such as bollworms and bollworms, can be dealt with by hand if your area is not too large.​

, for example, in peat pots, cassettes or plastic bags with soil. An hour before transplanting, seedlings should be watered, and then a plant should be selected along with a soil lump. When transplanting, it must be buried in the ground at the level of the cotyledon leaves.

This video will tell you how to properly sow cabbage for seedlings.

early ripe;

To combat this pest, before tying the head, the plant is sprayed using anabasin sulfate (concentration - 0.2%) or 2.5% dust metaphos. Spraying with a decoction of tobacco is effective, to obtain which you need to pour tobacco dust (400 g) with water (2 l) and boil for 2 hours. The cooled solution is filtered. Then it is necessary to add soap (50 g) to it and dissolve everything in a bucket of water.

- early kohlrabi - 30-40;

Before planting, it is advisable to soak the seeds of early cabbage and harden them at a temperature of +1 ... +2 ° C for about a day. Thanks to this, they will germinate faster, in addition, such preparation increases the cold resistance of plants.

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Planting cabbage for seedlings: technique, timing, video

Early production of Beijing cabbage in the open field is most often obtained by sowing seeds into the soil in the first half of May. Under crops, protected adjacent and inter-greenhouse areas and insulated soil are used. Sowing is carried out with specially prepared seeds on low ridges in rows at a distance of 20 cm row from row. 1.5-2 g of seeds are consumed per 1 m2.

Variety selection

Early cabbage is planted at a distance of 50x50 cm, medium - 60x60 cm and late - 70x70 cm. After planting the seedlings in the ground, it must be protected from the cruciferous flea. To do this, there is the easiest way: sprinkle the planted cabbage with dry ash, which is obtained from tree species. If a it's raining, then you need to sprinkle once a day. To avoid diseases of seedlings, it is necessary to water it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, and loosen the ground every time after watering the next day. For good growth, cabbage needs oxygen to the roots and moisture. But cabbage does not tolerate excess moisture and lack of moisture. Therefore, the land on which cabbage is grown should not be too fertilized and loose on the one hand, and not too dense and poor on the other.

• you need to wash them in clean and cool water
• You can use decoctions and infusions on tomato leaves, wormwood, yarrow, garlic, dandelions and so on against pests.
• Cabbage is planted in open ground when at least 5 leaves already grow, and also when the plant is at least 12 cm long. This should be done around the end of April or beginning of May.

Planting early cabbage and caring for it is not as difficult as many summer residents imagine. You can plant early cabbage using both seedling and seedless methods. The most important thing when growing is proper care and growth control during seedlings.

. This can lead to the development of various diseases and a decrease in crop quality.

mid-season;

Seedling growing technology

Cabbage is one of the main crops planted in greenhouses. They mainly grow white early cabbage. When to sow seeds with this method?

- Savoy cabbage - 70-30;

Site preparation

Planting dates depend on the variety and type of early cabbage. When is the best time to sow to receive good harvest? To prevent the death of seedlings from cruciferous flea, the surface of the ridge should be sprayed with a 0.1-0.2% solution of chlorophos even before they appear. Spraying is repeated 8-10 days after germination. It is also very important that the cabbage has enough light. In conditions where the cabbage does not have enough light, it gives large leaves, but the head of cabbage turns out to be loose and small. Therefore, a place for growing cabbage must be chosen sunny.

Then place in a solution of ash for two hours, after dissolving a tablespoon of ash in water. If there is no ash, then just wrap them in a damp cloth and put them in a warm place.​

And when a head of cabbage begins to form, it will need to be fed with a solution of 10 g potassium nitrate diluted with 10 liters of water based on 6 plants.​

You need to plant seedlings to the depth of the third cotyledon leaf.

• Preparation for planting begins long before it, at the end of summer or at the beginning of September. The soil needs to be dug up or, in some cases, even fertilized, then left until spring. All this should be done when the weather is dry outside.
• Before sowing, it is necessary to water the prepared soil well. Then the seeds can be sown. Seeds should be grown on the substrate in rows. The distance between them should be 1 cm, at the same time between the grooves - 3 cm. It is necessary to sow the seeds in a fairly blurred range. Seeds of early varieties should be sown in early March, medium ones - from the end of March and all of April, but late ones - throughout April (up to the 20th of its numbers).
• Late ripe.

To grow early cabbage in a greenhouse, seeds must be sown in early February. In early April, seedlings are planted at a distance of 35-40 cm. Seedlings should have 3-4 true leaves, they must first be hardened.

- early cauliflower - 30-60.​Early varieties white and red cabbage for seedlings are sown at the end of March, broccoli and cauliflower - from mid-March to the end of April, Brussels - from mid to end of April. It is very important to take into account the climatic conditions.​

To obtain the earliest production, a seedling method of growing using peat pots is used. Seedlings begin to prepare 20-25 days before planting. Usually the seeds are sown on a school in boxes, at the rate of 0.8-1 g per box. 8-10 days after the emergence of seedlings, the plants in the phase of cotyledon leaves dive into peat pots.

Seedling Care

It is very important to protect cabbage from caterpillars. Caterpillars appear after the flight of butterflies, which lay their eggs on cabbage leaves. There is different ways control of these insects. You can spray plants with Intavir or other chemicals, you can collect eggs by hand if the area of ​​​​crops is small, or you can use the scare method by hanging shells from chicken eggs over cabbage. In this case, the butterflies, thinking that other butterflies are flying over the cabbage and the place is occupied, do not lay their eggs on the cabbage leaves. The most reliable way is to pick the caterpillars by hand and inspect the cabbage leaves for the presence of butterfly eggs.

The next stage is the seeding of seeds in cassettes or peat pots. If the seeds do not germinate, they should be thrown away.

The third period comes when the cabbage rows close and the whole bed is covered with cabbage leaves. It is advisable to water and loosen the plant before harvesting, if you do not save it for the winter.

Landing in the ground

Landing should be carried out in cloudy weather When growing early varieties of cabbage After you have prepared the necessary soil and sowed the seeds, you need to create suitable conditions for their germination. Important here is temperature regime. For seed germination, a temperature of + 4-5 degrees is required. After they have sprouted, the temperature should be + 20-25 degrees. Once the seeds have germinated, the seedlings need to be thinned out. The temperature should be 10 degrees lower. After one week, it should be already +17 degrees (at night - +9, and on cloudy days - +14).​

Early varieties are considered low-yielding. They are characterized by small (average about 1.5 kg) heads of cabbage with an average density. Early ripe varieties ripen within 90-120 days. These include the following types: Solo, Start, June, Transfer, Athlete, Cossack, Parel, Polar K-206, Eaton, Malachite, Craft.​

The appearance of the seedlings can tell what the crop will be like. Plants that have green leaves have a weak root system. And this means that the seedlings will not take root well. The shape of the leaf can be judged on the shape of the head. If the leaves are large, and the stem is short and thick, then there will be large heads of cabbage.

Seedling care

It is best to plant cabbage in cloudy or rainy weather. To prevent the soil from compacting and crusting, it must be regularly mulched or loosened.​

It is necessary to take into account several important points in order for early cabbage to grow and develop well. Planting and care for different varieties are basically the same. Cabbage cannot be grown in the same place for more than three years. It gives a good harvest in areas where legumes, beets, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, cucumbers used to grow.

• The technology for growing seedlings of Beijing cabbage is the same as for early white cabbage, the difference is only in the duration of the seedling preparation period.
• During the summer there are two flights of the cabbage fly, which lays its eggs under the root of the cabbage. White worms grow out of them and destroy the cabbage, biting into the root. To protect themselves from this misfortune, two methods are used: they pollinate cabbage with shag or tobacco before the flight of flies, or water the plants with water infused with tobacco or plants that repel butterflies. If the worms are already wound up and the cabbage is sick (leaves in daytime fade), then watering with salt water can save the plants: one liter of water per plant with a tablespoon of salt dissolved in this water.
• Before planting the seeds in the soil, do not forget to sterilize them to prevent black leg, and then dust them with ash. Plants should be transplanted into larger pots when at least two leaves appear on them.
• Above, we have already talked about which means are best used for pest control and that poisons should be avoided while doing so. Depending on the growing season, cabbage is endangered by pests such as:

Or after dinner, when planting, do not forget to water the plant.

Video "Sowing cabbage for seedlings"

They should be fed periodically

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Features of planting and caring for early cabbage

When the seedlings are two weeks old, they pick it up. To do this, they are planted according to the scheme (cassettes can be used for such purposes). It is necessary to deepen the seedlings into the substrate to the cotyledon. Then, after two weeks, they are transplanted again, but this time already in pots, paper or plastic cups or other similar containers 5x5 cm in size. Before planting in a cup, the seedlings are treated with a weak solution blue vitriol(blue) or another drug that prevents the appearance of various fungal diseases. During this period, the temperature should be +21. If you do not want to make a pick, then you need to plant the seedlings immediately in separate pots. In this case, trauma to the root system practically does not occur. At the same time, you should not overmoisten the soil, otherwise your seedlings may be affected by black leg disease.

Required conditions for planting early cabbage

At the same time, medium-term varieties are suitable for summer consumption, and for pickling, storage. They have a ripening period of 150-170 days (there are also mid-ripening varieties that ripen a little faster - in 130-150 days). Mid-season cabbage varieties: Rinda, Pegasus, Slava 1305, Nadezhda, Rodolfo, Bronco. Mid-late varieties: Krautman, Mother-in-law, Dobrovodskaya, Sibiryachka-60, Midor, Druzhny, Megaton, Amager 611, Zimovka 1474, Belorusskaya 455.​

The soil on which cabbage will be grown in a greenhouse should be well fertilized, dense, loamy and retain moisture well. It is necessary to regularly loosen the soil with fertilizing with a solution of manure. With this method of growing early cabbage, seeds are sown directly into the ground. Growing early cabbage in this way has its advantages. The plant does not have to be transplanted, the development of the root and aerial parts is faster than with seedling method cultivation, yield increases. Sowing of early cabbage is carried out in different dates, depending on the region of growth. Any species of this crop is well suited for fertile, light loamy, sandy loam, sod-podzolic, peat soils with acidity close to neutral. A good harvest will not be on sandy and heavy clay soil.

Beijing cabbage is ready for planting in open ground 12-15 days after picking seedlings into peat pots.

• Watering cabbage must be carried out daily and better by sprinkling. With a lack of water, the cabbage becomes stiff and does not grow well. Even with further normal watering, the cabbage will not gain the lost mass. On the other hand, especially at the stage when cabbage takes root in open ground, waterlogging is very harmful to it. Under these conditions, she rots and dies.
• And after, when the number of leaves reaches four, and the frosts in the yard have finally stopped, cauliflower can be planted on the ground. After planting, it must be compacted and watered; in sunlight, the plant should be shaded so that the cabbage does not burn and die. When planting, do not allow the plant to thicken too much.
• Cabbage leaf beetle, cruciferous flea, cabbage fly and moth, stem secretive proboscis - infect cabbage at the very beginning of the growing season;
• Such a planting is possible only when all conditions exist for a long-term vegetation of the plant. This can be done in regions that are characterized by long and heavy rains, and the soil must also be cleared of weeds.​
• , fertilizers depend on the type of soil. For example, acidic soil needs to be fertilized with lime before digging so that the plant does not get sick after planting.

How to grow seedlings

A prerequisite for growing seedlings at home is its additional illumination with a simple fluorescent lamp. When the seedlings grow up, they can be planted in the soil.

And late-ripening cabbage is perfect for long storage fresh. These varieties ripen in 160-180 days. The most famous of them: Krumont, Cade, Gingerbread Man, Galaxy.​

The temperature range for growing cabbage is from 5 to 20 ° C. Young seedlings need additional lighting. During the formation of the head, the plant needs a lot of moisture.

Before planting, for protection against pests, the seeds are treated using 12% hexachloran. Seeding rate - 2 kg per 1 hectare, planting depth - 2-3 cm.​

The site should be open and well lit. In large areas in crop rotation fields for growing heads of Beijing cabbage, seedlings are planted in rows at a distance of 60 or 70 cm and in a row of 20 or 25 cm. rows can be reduced to 20 or 30 cm. Cut cabbage for storage after frost. It becomes softer, tastier and juicier. Cabbage calmly tolerates frosts down to minus 7 ° C, and many gardeners even specifically wait for the cabbage to freeze and it can be cut for harvesting. Mid-season varieties of cabbage are suitable for pickling. Late-ripening varieties are used for long-term fresh winter storage. Early ripe varieties of cabbage are not intended for salting and long-term storage.

Planting cabbage in open ground

In hot weather, it should be constantly sprayed and watered.

Cabbage white - characteristic of the intermediate growing season; Cabbage seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of about 3 centimeters. It is necessary to sow cabbage in this way early. After germination ​Among the recommended fertilizers as top dressing:

Planting cabbage without seedlings

After you have received a good and strong seedling, it must be planted in the ground. But 12 days before that, it should be hardened in order to gradually accustom it to wind, sunlight and ambient temperature.

The next step is the actual cultivation of seedlings for planting. This stage is considered very important, because the quality of the seedlings themselves will depend on how high-quality the seeds were. Therefore, only high-quality seeds for planting cabbage for seedlings should be selected. In early varieties of cabbage, heads appear about 55-60 days after the seedlings were planted, that is, in late June - early July. The ripening of heads of cabbage is not simultaneous, so they need to be removed in several steps, cut off with a sharp knife. At the same time, 2-3 leaves and a stalk up to 2 cm long are left. After the plant has 4-5 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving one plant at a distance of 40-50 cm from the other. Further care the same as when growing with seedlings: watering, loosening, protection from pests.​

Of great importance is the preparation of the site on which early cabbage will grow. Planting and caring for plants begins in the spring. The site for early cabbage must be prepared in the fall. To do this, it is dug up and fertilized. As fertilizers, the use of humus, manure and compost in the amount of 1-1.5 buckets per m2 is effective.​

When cultivating Beijing cabbage in a seedless way, seeds are sown in open ground on ridges according to a scheme similar to radish, at the rate of 10-12 kg per 1 ha.

Rules for caring for early cabbage

Beijing cabbage is an annual plant from the cruciferous family. Until recently, it was little known in our country, it was grown in limited quantities. Recently widely cultivated in closed ground as a salad plant, as well as outdoors in early spring. The leaves contain a large number of natural substances: vitamins, mineral salts and organic acids. It is most often eaten raw as a salad plant. In addition, the leaves are used to prepare cabbage rolls and boiled and stewed. Fertilize cauliflower with wood ash and manure Cabbage aphid and scoop - can attack the plant already when heads are formed.

cabbage needs to be thinned

Urea; It is not recommended to plant seedlings in open ground when the air temperature is low, because in this situation the seedling will give an arrow with seeds in 30 days Not the last place in growing seedlings for planting is played by its place of growth, soil selection and proper care . Let's consider all these stages in more detail.​

Thinking about how to grow early cabbage, you first need to take care of the quality of the seedlings, and for this you need to remember a few important points:

How the leaves will grow and what size the head will be depends on how much the plant is provided with nitrogen. Cabbage has a special need for nitrogen before heading out. When the head begins to tie, the plant needs potassium.

In addition, there are also mineral fertilizers in the amount of 40 g of superphosphate per 1 m2 and half as much potassium chloride. Acidic soil is limed.

Caring for Chinese cabbage is simple and consists of keeping the soil loose and free of weeds. In the plots, after 20-25 days, the crops of the row are thinned out, leaving 10-15 cm between plants. The plants obtained from thinning are placed in boxes and sold as a salad for early production.

Pests and common diseases

For a long time, only one variety of Beijing cabbage was released - Khibinskaya, bred at the VIR Polar Experimental Station. This is an early ripening variety, economic suitability occurs on the 30-35th day, however, 40-50 days pass before the formation of a full rosette, and 50-60 days before the formation of a loose head. Leaves entire, broadly obovate. The lower leaves are collected in a dense rosette. The color of the leaves is light green with a yellowish tint, the pubescence is weak, the digs are elongated-cylindrical in shape. The variety is very popular today.

• , The first time you need to feed the plant ten days after planting, and then every 2 weeks.
• If you grow cabbage in a greenhouse, then it is less susceptible to pests, however, you also need to follow the rules of care.
• up to 40 cm between rows. Caring for such cabbage is identical to caring for cabbage planted in seedlings.

double superphosphate;

• Many people think that the process of planting cabbage seeds for quality seedlings is simple, but this is a misconception. First you need to choose a suitable place.​
• 1. Before sowing seeds, they must be prepared to avoid infection of plants with infectious diseases.​
• A week after the seedlings were planted, they need to be fed using a solution of urea (for feeding ten plants - 3 tablespoons per 1 bucket of water), before tying a head of cabbage, nitrophoska is used for feeding (the same proportions for five plants) .​

With the advent of spring, the land on which early cabbage will be planted is dug up, loosened and fertilized. Manure is used as fertilizer (one bucket per square meter) and wood ash (1-2 tablespoons per square meter). Irrigation in combination with top dressing with mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate 0.8-1 centner or potassium nitrate 0.5-1 centner per 1 ha) contributes to obtaining a high-quality crop .But now there are many hybrids and varieties. Suffice it to mention just a few.​

How to grow early cauliflower

When the first inflorescences appear, break the leaves for shading, so the heads of cabbage will be lighter and larger. Cauliflower is not harvested immediately, but as it ripens.

The main diseases of cabbage:

The soil should always be moist, constant watering and periodic spraying is required. Watering should be about 3 times a week. potassium sulfate; Usually, planting is carried out at the beginning (this applies to early varieties) or at the end of the month of May (for late varieties). Before sowing in open ground, it must be well watered. After that, the seedlings are not watered to prevent the development of root system diseases.

2. Used soil mix shouldn't be heavy. If soil from the garden is used, it must first be treated with cold on the street or on the balcony, heat treatment is also necessary. The best option is to purchase a special ready-made mixture.

Using organic fertilizers for top dressing, their solution is prepared a day before top dressing. The container is half filled with bird droppings, filled with water. Fertilizer must be stirred several times a day until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Immediately before feeding, the liquid must be diluted with water ten times.

Growing early cabbage from seedlings allows you to get a good harvest. Seeds are sown in boxes filled with soil, which must first be leveled and watered. Then furrows are made about 1.5 cm deep, in which seeds are sown at a distance of 2 cm. Until shoots appear, it is necessary that the temperature in the room be about 20 ° C. When the seeds sprout, the temperature is reduced to 8 ° C and maintained at this level for a week, after which it must be increased to 16-18 ° C during the day and about 10 ° C at night. On sowing and planting Beijing cabbage in the open field, it is advisable to use temporary film shelters during the entire growing period. This allows for the earliest planting or sowing and a high yield. Beijing cabbage grown under film covers produces more tender and juicy leaves better taste than when grown outdoors without shelters. Beijing cabbage Shanghai

Ordinary white cabbage is also harvested as it ripens; for early varieties, a formed loose head is a sign of full ripening. See that it is dense so that it can be stored for as long as possible.​

Cabbage Harvest Rules

Black leg - can provoke rotting of the stem;

Before harvesting, water it only if you do not plan to store it for a long time. If you plan to use the crop for long-term storage, watering stops in a month.

Organic fertilizers; Early varieties of cabbage should be planted according to the 45x25 cm scheme. At the same time, the 35x60 cm scheme is suitable for planting late varieties. At the same time, the seedlings need to be deepened by 1 cm. In this case, it will be much easier to transfer it to a permanent place of growth.

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Cultivation of cabbage in open ground.

3. It is very important to observe the sowing dates. Early cabbage is sown in mid-March. To extend the harvest time, it can be sown in two to three days for two weeks.​

On the choice of varieties for cultivation

Cabbage loves moisture, so it is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. Early cabbage is watered three to four times a week. Before harvesting, if further storage is expected, watering is stopped 35-45 days in advance.

seedling preparation

After two leaves appear, the seedlings are picked into separate containers. It is important to consider that additional lighting is necessary for good growth and development of cabbage.

Cabbage harvesting during thinning begins after 25-30 days. The main harvesting is started when the rosette is fully formed or a head is formed (on the 40th or 60th day from germination). It should be remembered that the leaves of thinned cabbage coarsen and are not suitable for preparing fresh salads.

. Medium-early variety (50-55 days from germination to ripening). A head of light green color, broadly elliptical, weighing up to 1.5 kg.

Outdoor cabbage care

Its peculiarity is that it does not give such a plentiful harvest as medium and late varieties. By the way, if you plant cabbage correctly, then immediately after the early varieties, the subsequent later ones will also ripen. Thus, you will be able to harvest the whole season.​

Kila - provokes growths and swelling;

Care for cabbage after planting is divided into several periods. The first occurs when the first leaves grow on the plant. At this time, careful care is needed, it is required to plant plants that have fallen out, also

Wood ash.

After all the above steps have been successfully completed, in order to obtain a high-quality and abundant harvest, certain rules for caring for seedlings must be followed.

Harvesting

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Chinese cabbage - planting and care

4. The container with seedlings should be located in a place where there is enough sunlight. Otherwise, seedlings may be pulled out. Additionally, fluorescent lighting is required in order to achieve a total day length of 12-14 hours.​

Chinese cabbage varieties

After watering, the soil must be loosened, each time reducing the depth of processing, so as not to damage the root system. In order for a healthy early white cabbage to grow, it must also be spudded, but not with dry soil.

After the appearance of 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in open ground.

For fresh consumption, cabbage must be harvested at a younger age (in the leaf rosette phase). Peking cabbage is harvested with leaves, damaged and yellowed outer leaves are removed and placed in boxes, sheltering from the sun. Peking cabbage Russian size F1 XL

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in planting and caring for early cabbage, Pernosporosis - the appearance of plaque and spots on the leaves.

Seedlings should be dusted with wood ash and tobacco dust You can grow seedlings of seeds of early cabbage of different varieties in a greenhouse or even in a house, the main thing is to follow the rules for caring for a plant.

For these purposes, the following procedures are carried out: Usually, cabbage seeds are sown in a vegetable or tray. A specially prepared soil mixture is placed in a container. It is recommended to carry out this process in the fall.

Biological features of Chinese cabbage

5. After the first true leaves appear, the seedlings need to be hardened off. In addition to low temperature, seedlings are hardened with bright light. To do this, it must be taken out into the street. This helps to avoid stretching seedlings.

Insects and other pests can cause irreparable damage to the crop, so care must be taken to protect plants.

Agricultural technology of Chinese cabbage

When planting early cabbage for seedlings in this way, they use cups, peat tablets, pots or special trays. Two seeds must be sown in each container or cell. When shoots appear, only the strongest plant is left.

Harvested Beijing cabbage fades very quickly, losing its commercial qualities. Therefore, it must be cleaned in the early morning hours, so that in the first half of the day it is sent to the consumer.​

. Large heads of cabbage weighing up to 4 kg (!) consist of very juicy, crispy leaves rich in proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. A wonderful late-ripening hybrid, ripening in 80-90 days, resistant to stemming and low temperatures.​

the process of growing it is very simple

To protect the plant from these diseases,

So that it is not affected by pests like cruciferous fleas or slugs.

Seedlings are obtained as follows: after sowing, provide the plant with a temperature regime within 20 degrees, before germination, the temperature at night drops to between 6 and 9 degrees. If such a decrease is not done, then the seedlings may stretch too much.

Periodic feeding of the plant will allow you to get a tasty and healthy harvest. For dressing use a solution complex fertilizers with microelements that seedlings are sprayed with;

Instructions for preparing the soil mixture for obtaining good seedlings:

6. Watering should be moderate to prevent root rot. For irrigation use settled water at a temperature of 22-23 ° C.

Early white cabbage, as well as cauliflower, can be damaged by the cabbage fly, the larvae of which damage the roots of the plant. At the same time, the cabbage begins to wither in hot weather, and its lower leaves become bluish.

Chinese cabbage cultivation care

Many believe that cabbage care is needed only at the initial stage of cultivation, and then it develops on its own. Probably, such rumors are spread by those who have never grown this plant themselves, because a slight change in the conditions for growing cabbage in the open field can lead to crop loss. Even with all the advantages of cabbage as a plant, there are enough factors that can negatively affect its development. In this article, we will talk about the features of growing cabbage in the open field, share useful tips that can be useful in gardening.

Varieties for open ground

First of all, you need to understand what is different types cabbage: white, red, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, cauliflower. In our area, in the open field, they grow mainly white-headed, less often red-headed.

The most popular varieties: Gribovsky 147, No. 1 polar K-206 (early-ripening varieties), Transfer, F Sprint, F Rinda, Zolotoy hektar, Stakhanovka (mid-ripening and mid-late varieties) Galaxy, Kolobok, Gade (late varieties). These varieties can also be grown in greenhouses, but they are best suited for outdoor cultivation.

General rules for growing outdoors

As already noted, growing cabbage in the open field is not as easy as it seems. Even if she is surrounded by the same care as the seedlings in the greenhouse, all the same, more dangers await her here, from which she should be protected. There is a high probability of occurrence of various diseases, pests. You also need to monitor the soil moisture, because deviations from the norm in any direction can lead to unpleasant consequences. A lot depends on the area.

Firstly, it should not be shaded, as cabbage is a light-loving crop. Secondly, you need to take into account the crops that grew before: it is undesirable to plant cabbage after radishes, turnips, tomatoes, beets. This is primarily due to the nutrients that these crops “suck out” from the soil, and after them, “enhanced” diseases that pose a danger to cabbage can also remain on the site. It is better to choose areas for cabbage where potatoes, cucumbers, cereals, and legumes were previously grown.

It is important to remember that acidic soil is not suitable for growing cabbage in the open field, in which case, be sure to lim it.

Sowing and seed care

If you decide to grow cabbage from seeds, then your first actions should depend on which seeds you decide to use: bought in a store or obtained by your own labor. Before sowing your own seeds, they must be prepared: first, hold them for some time, no more than 20 minutes, in hot water (the water temperature should be about 50 ° C), immediately after that send them for a couple of minutes in cold water, and at the end completely dry .

With purchased seeds, this is not necessary, since almost all manufacturers pre-treat the seeds. A similar procedure is done immediately before sowing: the seed is soaked and kept for a day at cold temperature- such hardening contributes to the speedy germination and resistance of seeds. In the future, such seedlings in open ground will be able to withstand frosts of 5-7 ° C, while unhardened ones will not withstand more than two or three.

For growing seedlings from seeds, exclusively loose soil is used, as a rule, with a large admixture of peat. There is a picking method, when the seedlings are moved to individual containers, there is no picking. But regardless, there are general rules for caring for seedlings. Cabbage needs moderate watering: with a lack, it begins to dry out, grow weakly, and if you pour it in, oxygen will stop flowing to the roots, rotting will begin, and other diseases are possible.

It is necessary to observe both light and temperature conditions. Poor light or high temperatures entail stretching of seedlings, the same result will be with dense sowing. It is also recommended to frequently ventilate the room with seedlings.

It is important to remember that the first 2 weeks the cabbage will grow slowly, and the first pair of leaves will appear in about 20-25 days.

Landing in the ground

It is worth planting only strong seedlings, which have already acquired a dark green color, have 4-5 leaves. The place for planting is marked out as follows: the distance between plants should be about half a meter, that is, the holes are knocked out after 50-60 cm each, and the rows should be separated by a distance of about 70-80 cm.

In addition to watering the holes before planting, you also need to add fertilizer there - compost, they also add wood ash mixed with the ground, then water it again. It is important to ensure that the growth point is not covered.

Care

After you have planted the seedlings and it has taken root, you can breathe a little - half the work is done, but in no case should you stop caring for the plants. You need to continue to water the plants 2-3 times a week, later you can already switch to a one-time abundant watering for a week. Experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling watering, so the air is also saturated with moisture. At least once every two weeks, it is desirable to loosen the ground near the plant.

Try to fight pests as effectively as possible (today there are enough chemicals designed to fight certain diseases, insects, you can also resort to folk methods).

Feeding needs to be done several times. The first is about two weeks after landing in a new place - they usually make phosphate fertilizer, manure, chicken droppings. The second top dressing should take place in another 2 weeks, the same components are introduced, potash mixtures can be finished off, further dressings are made if necessary.

Given the cold resistance of cabbage, it can be safely cut even after frost, early ripe varieties, of course, earlier. Here you need to accurately choose the time, because if you harvest earlier, the vegetables may begin to wither, if you miss the moment, cracks in the heads are inevitable.

A video that is designed to teach beginner gardeners to avoid annoying mistakes in the process of growing cabbage in their summer cottage.

plodovie.ru

Transplanting cabbage seedlings in open ground - initial care

We transplant seedlings of white cabbage into open ground without loss - feeding and care

Seedlings of white cabbage "sit out" in the house for a short time, because not far off is the time to land on a permanent place. Let's figure out how to do it right.

Family: Cabbage

Cycle: Biennial plant, in the first year forms a powerful bud-head weighing 400-500 g in early cabbage and up to 10-12 kg or more in late varieties

Vegetation: In early varieties - 70-130 days, medium - 125-175, late - 153-245

Crop rotation: Good predecessors are cucumbers, onions. tomatoes, potatoes, legumes, beets, pumpkin, perennial herbs; bad - other cruciferous

Read more: Compatibility and alternation of vegetables

For cabbage, choose flat, well-warmed areas by the sun. For seedlings of early varieties from autumn, 5-6 kg of rotted manure, 12-15 g of potassium chloride, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 25-30 g of ammonium nitrate are applied per 1 sq.m. For medium and late-ripening - 5-10 kg of manure, 10-12 g of phosphorus and 20-25 g of potassium, and in the spring before planting - 10-12 g of nitrogen per 1 sq.m.

Preparing for planting seedlings of cabbage

Three main points can be distinguished. Firstly, a week before planting, the seedlings are transferred to a greenhouse or exposed to the sun for 3-4 hours every day. Secondly, they reduce watering from daily to 1 time in 2-3 days, and do not water at all the day before planting (so that the seedlings do not break on the road and it is easier to remove them from the pot, and if they are watered, then the plants are transported by laying on their side ). Thirdly, 1.5-2 weeks before planting, seedlings are fed with potassium (4-6 g of potassium sulfate per 1 liter of water), which increases the cold resistance of plants.

If there is a risk of pests on the site (for example, aphids), then 2-3 days before planting, the seedlings are watered with Aktara's solution (0.3 g per 1 liter of water).

FACT: planting cabbage seedlings is best in the morning or evening, when there is no direct sunlight. Cloudy weather or even light rain is ideal.

Market for cabbage seedlings

If you buy cabbage seedlings, pay attention to it. appearance. The plant must have at least 3 true leaves, be stocky, i.e. not elongated, have no kinks, injuries, etc. Pay special attention to the roots: their length should be at least a third of the aerial part, the roots should not have thickenings, rot or other signs of disease.

Planting seedlings of cabbage

Seedlings of early cabbage at the age of 60 days are planted in open ground in late April - early May, when the soil warms up to + 8 ... + 10 degrees. The planting pattern depends on the expected size of the head of cabbage - a child of 45 × 20-25 cm (cabbage with conical heads of cabbage can be planted more often). The seedlings of cabbage seedlings of medium and late ripening varieties should not exceed 35 * nee, otherwise the survival rate will decrease. Plants are pulled out in the middle to the end of the bark according to the scheme 70 × 30-40 cm. Contrary to popular belief, it is not worth deepening the cabbage: this leads to poor ventilation under the lower leaves, accumulation excess moisture and disease damage.

It is more correct to plant it so that a third of the height of the cup (when the seedlings are taken out of the pot, the soil in which it grew retains the shape of the vessel) is above the soil level. Only heavily overgrown seedlings can be deepened a little.

After planting, the plants are watered at the rate of 3-5 l / sq.m. To protect against frost, the bed is covered with a white spunbond. In addition to warming, it protects the soil from drying out, does not allow pests to penetrate to plants. Cabbage is opened a day after the daytime temperature rises to + 18 ... + 20 degrees.

Planted seedling care

At first, cabbage is watered sparingly. Weeded from weeds.

Various pests (fleas, cabbage fly, aphids, whitefly, etc.) are of great danger. They fight them chemically, alternating preparations of different groups so as not to be addictive in insects (for example, Decis, BI-58 New, Karate or Aktara).

Feeding young cabbage

In the initial stages of growth, cabbage requires a lot of nitrogen, and during the formation of a head of cabbage - phosphorus and potassium. The beginning of top dressing is usually combined with the first hilling of the plant and watering: early varieties - 10-14 days after planting; late - after 20-30 days. The second and subsequent do 20 days after the previous one.

For the first time, cabbage is fed with ammonium nitrate (5 g / l of water) or infusion of mullein (1:5) or bird droppings (1:10), 1-1.5 liters per plant. The second top dressing is with a mixture of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium chloride (1:2:1) at the rate of 40-60 g / sq.m, as well as nitrophoska in the same dose. In the future, if the plants are underdeveloped, a mixture of superphosphate and potassium chloride (2: 1) or wood ash (30 g around the plant) is added.

Tip: Due to the waxy coating on the leaves, the solutions used to treat cabbage from diseases and pests often roll to the ground. To avoid this, you can add an adhesive: a special one from the store or liquid soap, shampoo (1 tsp per 10 liters of composition).

See also: Cultivation of white cabbage - planting and care

Cabbage without seedlings

AT middle lane in open ground, the seeds of early cabbage are sown in early April, late - in the first decade of May. In the southern regions, late-ripening cabbage varieties are sown in the first and second decades of May, mid-season - in late April - early and second decade of May. Seeds are sown quite densely immediately on the bed according to the scheme 10-15 × 70 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm, the soil is immediately shed and then the site is covered with spunbond.

Cabbage sprouts will be able to fight for life only after a month, when they form 3-4 true leaves. Until this time comes, they will have to be looked after especially carefully: regularly weed weeds, because young shoots are not able to compete with them, process them from cruciferous fleas and other pests. In the phase of 4-6 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving 40-50 cm between neighboring plants in a row. You should not do this before: after all, only by this age it will become clear whether the plant is affected by a club or black leg or not.

Cabbage: benefits

Cabbage leaves contain minerals, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins B, C, PP, K, E, U, dietary fiber, biologically active substances, as well as 16 amino acids that inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the human body.

Cabbage improves digestion, metabolism, removes bad cholesterol.

It is rich in potassium salts, which prevents fluid retention in the body.

Fresh cabbage juice is prescribed to drink 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals with an ulcer: starting with 0.5 tbsp. and gradually increasing the single dose to 1 tbsp. (do not add salt). The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks.

Choosing the best variety of cabbage

Name	Peculiarities	Description
Gribovskiy 147	Early maturing variety. Easily withstands both low temperatures and drought. On the acidic soils strikes a keel	Heads are rounded, weighing t 1-1.5 kg, medium density
Glory 1305	Mid-season productive, adapted to different climatic conditions, one of the best pickling varieties. Cold-resistant, moisture-loving, resistant to cracking, heads of cabbage are stored until January	Heads are round, 15-25 cm in diameter, juicy, medium density, weight 2.4-4.5 kg
Moscow Late 15	Late grade, average transportability. Not suitable for winter storage, but it is one of the best varieties for fermentation. Demanding on fertility and moisture	Heads are rounded, average weight - 4-6 kg

On a note:

lacy cabbage

Delicate corrugated leaves of Savoy cabbage do not have coarse veins, it is juicier and more nutritious than white cabbage. You can eat it both fresh and boiled, but most of all I like it stewed, because when cooked, Savoy does not emit the smell inherent in all cabbages. It is especially good to make cabbage rolls out of it: the leaves are easily separated from the head and do not tear.

I have not seen Savoy cabbage seedlings for sale, so I grow it myself. Since it is quite cold-resistant and the seeds begin to germinate at + 3 degrees, I sow them in mid-April in a sunny area with fertile soil, then transplant them to a permanent place.

Savoy cabbage is even easier to care for than white cabbage: it is resistant to leaf-eating pests, and its ripened heads of late varieties endure light frosts.

I cut the savoy of early varieties along with the covering leaves, when the heads of cabbage reach sufficient density, I don’t delay the harvesting - the forks may crack. We eat the harvest of early varieties in the summer, because it is not subject to storage, we keep the late ones in the cellar for up to three months, laying them out in one row on racks or in boxes.

plant kohlrabi

Experienced gardeners grow kohlrabi throughout the summer, removing 2-3 waves of this cabbage from one garden bed. Now is the time to take care of the early harvest of the vegetable - 30-40-day-old kohlrabi seedlings are planted in the ground at the same time as early white cabbage. Planting pattern - 25-30 cm between plants and 45-60 cm between rows.

Kohlrabi can be used as a compactor (it is placed next to late-ripening vegetables), as well as a crop for re-sowing after harvesting green plants or early vegetables: onions on a feather, radishes. In these cases, kohlrabi is grown both in seedlings and without seedlings. The vegetable is eaten in salads, stewed and baked. They store stalks, as well as white cabbage or table beets.

See also: Kohlrabi cabbage (photo) - cultivation and varieties

Our reference

In hot summers, kohlrabi should be well watered. Drought inhibits growth - and then the stem crop does not form or grows small, coarse and tasteless. However, from a sharp abundant watering, kohlrabi can crack!

Cabbage seedlings love coolness and a mandatory drop in temperature at night.

For cabbage, completely Spartan conditions are required (15-17 ° during the day, 8-10 ° at night), for cauliflower and Brussels sprouts - softer (17-20 ° during the day, 20-15 ° at night). In the round-the-clock warmth of the apartment, soon after germination, it will become pale, stretch out and lie down. If circumstances force you to prepare seedlings in the city, then it is better to keep it on a balcony, loggia, in some cool place.

Usually cabbage is sown in small outdoor greenhouses, covered with glass or film at night. You can sow seedlings in unheated greenhouses, just in time for planting peppers and tomatoes in them, cabbage can be transferred to a permanent place. Cabbage should be planted in the ground when the earth warms up well. There is a reliable folk method landing dates. If you can sit on the ground without bedding, then the vegetables will be comfortable. If the body feels deep cold, then the plants will suffer.

Why do we need seedlings?

Although cabbage manages to go through a full life cycle during the season, you still cannot do without growing seedlings. Why? The fact is that adult cabbage plants require a lot of space for nutrition. The spread of the rosette of leaves of some varieties can reach 1 m. Even medium-sized varieties of kale should be placed at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. Sowing seeds in a permanent place at such a distance is irrational. Therefore, cabbage is first sown and grown in nurseries.

Preparing the land

The soil for the nursery should be nutritious and loose. No special frills are required: it is necessary to mix soddy soil and humus in equal parts, add a little wood ash. Part of the humus can be replaced with peat, biohumus, rotted sawdust. If the soil is too dense, you can add a little sand for looseness. You can not take land from the beds where cabbage and other cruciferous plants (rutabaga, radishes, turnips, mustard) grew last year. The day before sowing, water the earth with a solution of potassium permanganate to prevent rot.

SOIL FOR Cabbage seedlings

1. Humus. 1 part
2. Ash, 1 cup per bucket of soil
3. Sod land, part 1

Baby food

Cabbage seedlings need at least 2 top dressings: at the age of 2 weeks and a few days before planting in the ground. For the first feeding in 1 liter of water, 1 tsp must be dissolved. ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. In order not to burn the roots, the plants must first be watered with clean water, only then with a fertilizer solution. For the second top dressing, an infusion of manure with the addition of ash is perfect. Between top dressing, you can powder the seedlings with ash - this will also be the prevention of the black leg.

Seeds, let's go!

Before sowing, it is better to process the seeds to increase their resistance to fungal diseases. Seeds for 15-20 min. immersed in water - about 50 °, and then for 5 minutes. placed in cold. It is impossible to process coated seeds in this way! The soil must be watered before sowing and then it is better not to water until the emergence of seedlings. Germination of cabbage seeds is usually good, the seeds are not too small, so you can immediately sow at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. If the seedlings are thick, they must be thinned out. Whether to carry out a pick - there is no single answer here.

If at first sowing was carried out in boxes, then it is better to pick 2-week-old seedlings into pots. When sowing in greenhouses, you can limit yourself to thinning seedlings.

Moving to the garden

A 40-day-old seedling with 2 true leaves is usually planted in a permanent place. AT last resort the presence of 3-4 leaves is acceptable, a later transplant leads to a strong developmental delay, heads of cabbage may not form at all. If the weather is unfavorable, it is better to plant seedlings under temporary shelter than to delay transplanting.

Excellent individual cabbage houses are obtained from 5-liter plastic water bottles. The bottom of the bottle is cut off and placed upside down over the plant. On cold nights, you can screw on the lids. Such caps additionally protect seedlings from leaf-eating insects.

© Aleksey SOBOLEV, Ph.D. of agricultural sciences, Sergey BARSUKOV, Ph.D. Agricultural Sciences., Vera Prokopalova, p. Nina Stavropol Territory

vsaduidoma.com

How to grow cabbage

Summer residents can be envied in a good way: people rest and work on their plot of land, usefully spending their free time. While others are sitting in the concrete boxes of city apartments, the happy owner of the dacha breathes fresh air, works with the land, which eventually answers him with gratitude in the form of a rich harvest.

Cabbage seeds should be kept for 15-20 minutes in water, the temperature of which is approximately 50 degrees, and then put in cold water.

Summer cottages show off neat rows of beds with cultivated plants, but the most impressive, probably, are the beds with large, strong heads of cabbage heads. Luxurious appearance of cabbage plus knowledge of its incredible useful properties cause a desire to grow this vegetable in their own area. And it turns out it's not hard at all!

number one european vegetable

Cultivation of cabbage is an occupation familiar to the people of ancient Rome. This vegetable, which originally grew as a wild culture in the Mediterranean, has been cultivated since the distant times of the great Roman emperors and generals. And all because even then her beneficial effects were noticed, positive influence on the state of human health.

Scheme of early and late planting of cabbage.

Cabbage was supposed to be used not only as food, but also as medicine: insomnia, deafness, migraines and even signs of stomach ulcers were treated with this vegetable crop. Such statements are not unfounded: even the well-known thinker Pythagoras noted that cabbage has wonderful properties of maintaining the vigor of the body and spirit. By the way, the name of cabbage, most likely, came from the ancient Roman word "kaput", which meant "head".

Cabbage heads were also highly valued in ancient Greece: written sources with instructions on how to grow cabbage and how to care for it have been preserved. The treatment of many diseases, as well as strengthening the immune system with cabbage, was recommended by Hippocrates, a Greek healer, whose advice is still relevant and accurate.

It is not for nothing that cabbage was called the first among vegetables in ancient Rome. This is really an incredibly useful culture, and this has already been proven by modern scientists: low calorie content and a high content of nutrients and vitamins make cabbage attractive to so many people. Those who want to lose weight without harm to health, who follow a diet according to medical indications, wants to defeat beriberi or just keep the body in good shape and excellent condition, they simply have to pay special attention to cabbage and dishes with it.

But there are also many types of this vegetable: red and white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, Savoy, cauliflower, kohlrabi, broccoli ... It is clear that the cabbage diet will not seem boring and monotonous: there are very, very many dishes from white cabbage alone.

And the benefits will be really impressive, because cabbage is in the same place with citrus fruits only in terms of the content of vitamin C!

Pledge of a rich harvest

Cabbage picking scheme: 1. Correct, 2,3,4. Incorrect (2. The root is bent, 3. The root is not in contact with the soil, 4. The seedling is dived finely).

To grow such a healthy vegetable in the country, you need to follow simple rules. Firstly, the soil before planting cabbage must be well cultivated. Ideally, the precursors should be new potatoes, onions, cucumbers or peas. And for late varieties of cabbage, they may also be suitable fertile soils cultivated with herbs (annual and perennial).

It also contributes to the cultivation of a good harvest. preliminary preparation soil in autumn - hilling and fertilizing with compost. Plus, before planting cabbage in the spring, the beds are carefully dug up, choosing in advance for them the most optimal place, well lit (heads of cabbage do not develop well in constant shade), with well-moistened soil. Ideally, the air should also be humid, and the optimum temperature is + 17- + 20 degrees Celsius.

Cultivation of cabbage becomes easy and rewarding when strong seedlings were correctly placed in the ground, the ground was tightly pressed near it and subsequently often loosened. Whoever has a dacha located on low plots of land can expect good growth of cabbage. It is only important to ensure that water does not stagnate in the soil.

planting cabbage

When the general information about a process such as growing cabbage has been studied, you can proceed to the planting process itself.

The scheme of planting cabbage.

This will require:

• cabbage seeds;
• soil mixture (peat or soddy soil plus ash and humus);
• seedling trays;
• pots, cassettes or plastic cups for picking seedlings;
• fertilizer for top dressing;
• watering can for watering;
• weeding tools (for example, a small hoe).

After purchasing cabbage seeds, it is worth holding them in water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees Celsius. Let the seeds lie in it and warm up for 15-20 minutes, and then you need to transfer them to cold water for five minutes. Such a kind of "hardening" will certainly give its results: cabbage will be much more resistant to fungal diseases.

Next, the seeds are dried to a state of flowability, and at this time it is necessary to prepare the soil in special trays. Of course, it is better to prepare the soil mixture for growing seedlings in the fall, but if for some reason this was not done, you should not be upset. It is necessary to mix equal amounts of humus with the selected type of soil (for example, soddy soil), and then add a small amount of ash. Ash plays the role of an additional source of nutrients and protection against diseases of cabbage seedlings. All of this mixture should be well mixed and placed in trays.

Then in the prepared wells, watered warm water seeds are sown. If you need to have fresh cabbages in the country in June-July, seeds for seedlings should be sown in March. Mid-season varieties can be planted from the end of March to the twentieth of April, and late varieties of cabbage are sown on seedlings in April, up to its last days.

The scheme of the film shelter of cabbage.

It is important to observe the temperature and light conditions so that the cultivation of cabbage does not turn into a struggle for every healthy seedling. Saplings that grow on the windowsill of a country house need to be illuminated with an ordinary lamp. Sprouts need light up to 15 hours a day! The temperature during the day should be on average plus 17, and at night - plus 10 degrees Celsius. We must not forget about feeding young seedlings: first you need to water them so that the stems do not burn with a nutrient solution, and then add fertilizer.

When the cabbage seedlings have grown stronger, they can be dived into separate cups or cassettes. The main rule: you can not use the soil from the garden where cabbage has already grown. This threatens to transfer plant pathogens to young seedlings.

10 days before planting seedlings in open ground, they can be hardened off by opening a window in the dacha house where the seedling cassettes are. First for a couple of hours, and then all night.

Before you start growing cabbage in the open ground of the garden, you need to make sure that the soil is prepared, fertilized, well watered, and the seedlings have at least four full leaves.

A useful tip for those who want to know how to grow cabbage in the country: early varieties can be planted in the garden from April 25th. Mid-season varieties are recommended to be placed in the ground in mid-May, and late-ripening varieties - at the end of the last spring month.

Experienced summer residents advise planting seedlings not in sunny weather. Ideally, the time should be approaching evening and the weather should be cloudy. Yes, and in the early days it is better to create artificial shading for cabbage seedlings.

Proper care

Cultivation of cabbage involves not only competent landing but also cultural care. Cabbage loves moisture. On hot days, it must be watered, and plentifully. If you do not water the cabbage for a long time, and then give a lot of water at once, the heads of cabbage will be prone to cracking. Water for irrigation should be warm, it should be supplied in the morning or evening at least 1 time per week, and especially plentifully during the tying of heads. So that aphids and snails do not harm the cabbage, it is advised to sprinkle heads of cabbage and the ground next to them with ash (wood).

If weeds are removed in time, weeding the ridges and aisles, watering and feeding the plant, the cultivation of cabbage will bring its abundant fruits. This vegetable is good because early-ripening varieties will delight you with crispy heads of cabbage in the summer, and late-ripening ones are ideal for pickling or long-term storage until the next season. Moreover, not a single useful element is lost at this time, and the head of cabbage retains its fresh appearance and pleasant taste.

VseoTeplicah.ru

How to grow cabbage in an open home garden: cooking, planting and caring for plants - Agronomy.com

How to grow cabbage in an open home garden: cooking, planting and caring for plants

Cabbage dishes are an adornment of many national cuisines.

The reason for this popularity lies in the unusually wide regionalization of this plant, as well as in the beneficial properties that it possesses.

With all this, growing cabbage is a fairly simple process that will not be difficult for either experienced gardeners or novice amateurs.

In any case, we are going to devote this article to all the features of the process of preparing, planting and caring for cabbage, revealing all the secrets of the most successful professionals.

Also, we will introduce you to some varieties of this plant, and teach you to understand the main criteria by which these varieties differ from each other.

How to properly prepare for planting cabbage: we share the secrets of experienced gardeners and agronomists

Planting cabbage includes many aspects, among which a very important place is occupied by choosing a good place for planting, preparing both soil and seeds for planting. However, do not be intimidated by such a large list - we will reveal all these questions to you in great detail and simply, making you an experienced gardener at a theoretical level.

We select good conditions for the growth of cabbage and get acquainted with other features necessary for this plant

Turning to the peculiarities of growing this plant, one cannot help but dwell on the distinctive features of the cabbage itself, which must be taken into account when it is propagated.

The great advantage of cabbage is its good resistance to low temperatures, which is very important when considering the long growing season of this plant.

In particular, even early varieties, when planted in open ground without seedlings, continue their vegetation for 90-120 days. It is for this reason that planting cabbage in open ground without using seedlings, which we want to tell you about, is not a particularly common method, since it is used in the middle latitude and northern regions absolutely not possible.

Given the light-loving nature of this plant, it can only be planted on well-lit beds that are not shaded for almost the entire daylight hours. The optimal amount of light time required for cabbage to develop fully is 13 hours.

You should also be aware that cabbage is a biennial plant. In the first year, a head ripens directly from seeds or seedlings, which is intended for human consumption. In the second year, a peduncle grows from the resulting head, from which it will be possible to collect seeds closer to the end of summer.

Preparing the soil for planting cabbage: how to loosen and fertilize?

Before you prepare the soil, it must be chosen correctly. Of course, with the help of fertilizers it is possible to improve the fertility of any type of soil, but it is preferable to plant cabbage on structured and with a high level of natural fertility.

A good option are loams, which contain a large amount of humus. Due to this, moisture is much better and longer contained in the soil, nourishing the root system of the plant. Another important requirement for soil characteristics is the absence of acidity or a very low level of this indicator.

It is ideal that plants such as cucumbers, onions, various root crops, legumes or cereals be the predecessors of cabbage in the garden. After the growth of such plants, many of the nutrients that cabbage needs for successful growth and head formation remain in the soil.

It is important to know that it is impossible to plant cabbage on the same bed for more than 2-3 years in a row. It is better to let the soil rest under other plants for 4 years.

Soil preparation for sowing cabbage seeds should be done from the beginning of spring. At this time, it needs to be dug deep enough, saturating it with the necessary oxygen. In the garden, not very wide beds should be made, about 1 meter.

If your garden is located in a place where water rises to the surface, it is very important to dig deep grooves around the bed.

From fertilizers should be applied to the soil (based on the area of ​​​​the beds in 1m2):

• About 1-1.5 buckets (10-15 liters) of humus that managed to rest. It's also good to use compost.
• Superphosphate in the amount of 2 tablespoons.
• 1 tablespoon potassium sulfate.
• If possible, you can also add 2 tablespoons of complex fertilizer to the soil.

The most popular varieties of cabbage and their differences

All varieties and hybrids of cabbage are divided into 5 main groups, the main criterion for which is the ripening time of heads. At the same time, the difference in ripening of the earliest and latest varieties can be 50-70 days.

1. A group of early ripe varieties of cabbage. Vegetation lasts for 105-120 days, heads of cabbage ripen at the beginning of summer.

The main use of such cabbage is the use directly fresh. Such cabbage is absolutely unsuitable for pickling or storage for winter period. These include: "June" (heads of up to 1 kilogram), "Golden Hectare" (5-8.5 kilograms of crop per 1 m2), "Ditmarscher" (mass of heads of about 2.5 kilograms), "Gift" (from the square 1m2 harvest from 6 to 10 kilograms of cabbage heads).

• Medium-early varieties of cabbage. They ripen about 10 days later than the early ones. Such cabbage is usually used fresh in autumn, it can also be fermented, but only in order to be eaten immediately (good taste qualities keeps only for 2-3 months)

The most popular varieties in this group are Stakhanovka (heads of cabbage reach 1.5-2.5 kilograms in weight), Langedeikererle (very large and dense heads of cabbage, weighing up to 5 kilograms), F1 Metino (3 kilograms heads of cabbage that do not lend themselves to cracking).

• Mid-ripening cabbage - ripens within 131-145 days from the moment of sowing the seeds. These varieties are more aimed at long-term storage, good for fermentation.

It is worth paying your attention to the Slava 1305 variety, which has very large and dense heads of cabbage. white color weighing up to 5 kilograms, as well as "Slava Gribovskaya 231" with almost the same large heads of cabbage.

• Cabbage varieties belonging to the middle-late ones have the widest economic purpose, although it takes a long time to wait for their ripening - 146-160 days.

Heads of such cabbage have just perfect keeping quality if stored in a dry and cool place. “Harvest” (the weight of heads of cabbage ranges from 2.9 to 4.5 kilograms) and “Final” (a stable harvest of up to 50 tons per 1 hectare) are very popular.

• Late-ripening varieties of cabbage. Although the safety of the crop of this group of varieties is at the highest level, however, due to the long ripening period (from 161 to 185 days), in many regions it can freeze slightly.

Such is the cabbage "Bagaevskaya" (a head of cabbage up to 5 kilograms), "Valentina F1" (the yield of an area of ​​​​1m2 is 8 kilograms), "The Wizard F1" (fruits are 2.5-3.5 kilograms).

Only early varieties can be sown in open ground, late ones only under a film.

How to prepare seeds for planting in open ground

In order to improve the resistance of seeds and future plants, they are treated with hot water.

To do this, cabbage seeds are poured with water at a temperature of 40-45ºС for 15 minutes, and then they are put into cold water for several minutes.

Also, it is very important to keep them in a nutrient solution from any mineral fertilizers for at least 12 hours.

In order for the seeds to harden, they still need to be sent for a day to a cold place with a temperature of 1-2ºС, after washing in cold water. Such a room can be either a basement or a refrigerator.

Landing features: main stages and rules

In order for the head of cabbage to have time to form and ripen well, seeds and seedlings must be sown and planted in a clear certain deadlines. Otherwise, the plant will get sick, develop poorly, and the harvest will not be at all what you expected from the variety you have chosen.

When can cabbage seeds be sown in open ground?

It is not worth starting sowing too early, because spring frosts may deprive you of seedlings. It is best to sow the seeds after the first of May, although in the southern regions this can be done after the first of April, or even in early March.

Thus, even when planting cabbage with seeds in open ground, early varieties of cabbage will be able to produce a crop by July 20-August. It’s also not worth delaying this matter, because in August, after 20-30 days, the first autumn frosts can begin, which can greatly harm the already almost ripened, but not stable, crop.

Also, sowing seed of cabbage, especially early varieties, can be carried out not at the same time. By making a gap of 2-3 days between crops, you will also stretch the ripening time of the crop.

The scheme of sowing seeds and planting cabbage seedlings

Sowing cabbage seeds into the ground is carried out in grooves specially prepared for this with a depth of 1 centimeter, and a distance between them of 3-4 centimeters. seeds before these very it is important to dry so that they do not stick to the hands, because the seeds are laid out in the grooves one at a time at a distance of 1 centimeter.

The soil is then lightly tamped. With good weather, seedlings will be visible in a week. When the plants reach such a size that they begin to interfere with each other, they need to be seated.

When planting seedlings of early varieties of cabbage, the space between two rows of plants should be at least 40-45 centimeters. But in the rows between two plants there will be enough distance of 20-25 centimeters.

For late varieties, the planting pattern will be significantly different. In particular, the row spacing will be from 50 to 60 centimeters, and the space between two cabbages will be at least 30 centimeters.

How to provide cabbage with the necessary care: the most important instructions

Unfortunately, cabbage without regular care is not able to grow. By running it to the state of a wild plant, you risk being left without a crop. She needs constant maintain a certain level of soil moisture and do not forget to remove all weeds from the garden, which can greatly slow down the development of the cabbage itself.

In addition, there are a large number of pests and diseases that can sometimes cause great harm to the future crop. All this requires the gardener to carefully pay attention to the beds on which the cabbage is planted, as well as to perform the actions that are described below.

Diseases and pests of cabbage: how to resist and fight

For prevention against aphids, various slugs and snails cabbage recommended dust with wood ash. At the same time, about a glass of this substance is used per 1 m2. You can also use tobacco.

Cabbage is also processed with the help of various chemicals aimed at destroying or combating a specific problem. If you are an opponent of chemicals, pests can be collected from the plant by hand, while trying to destroy the eggs they lay.

Effective against insects are infusions made from burdock, tomato tops or onion peel.

Today, various covering methods of dealing with them are often used, using special non-covering materials.

But in any case, the most important thing is to be attentive to the plants, constantly monitoring their condition.

We provide moisture beds with cabbage

Cabbage loves moisture very much, therefore watering a must for her should be regular.

Water each plant immediately after planting, the interval between watering should not be longer than 3-4 days from the moment of the previous watering. Such regularity should be maintained for two weeks, while using about 6-8 liters of water per 1 m2. Further, watering is carried out only once a week, using already 10-12 liters for the same garden area.

For early varieties, abundant watering is preferable in June, but for late varieties - in August. It is very important to water this plant only in the morning or in the evening, using water with a temperature of at least 18 ºС.

A little about feeding cabbage: what fertilizers and in what quantities can I use?

I feed cabbage often and a lot. The first application of fertilizers to the soil is carried out within 20 days after planting in a permanent place.

In this case, a solution of mullein is used: 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water. For each plant you need to spend about 0.5 liters.

The next top dressing is carried out after about 10 days. This time, the amount of fertilizer needed by one plant is increased to 1 liter.

Also, in the solution described above, you will need to add 1 tablespoon of crystallin.

Mullein can also be replaced with chicken manure.

The described two top dressings are necessary for both early varieties of cabbage and late ones.

The third top dressing should be carried out only for late cabbage, it is carried out in June. In a solution of 10 liters of water give 2 tablespoons of superphosphate.

About 6-8 liters of fertilizer are used on an area of ​​​​1m2. Such top dressing can be repeated in August, using nitrophoska already.

Cabbage stabbing: what is it and why is it needed?

Cabbage should be stabbed even when it is at the seedling stage. This is only necessary for those plants that were originally grown in greenhouses or in the house.

So, even 15-20 days before her transplant, she is stabbed with low temperatures and light. In order for the seedlings to be more resistant to low temperatures, a film is lifted above it or the boxes are taken out onto the balcony.

It is only impossible to allow the temperature to drop below 5-6 ºС. Naturally, this should be done during the daytime and in clear weather, so that the plant gets as much sunlight as possible.

Timing and other features of harvesting cabbage

Early cabbage can be harvested as early as late July - early August, and in the southern regions - even at the end of June. In this case, the heads of cabbage must be cut with a sharp knife, since the stalk of this plant is very dense.

Late cabbage, which will be stored all winter, is removed at the very last turn - in the last days of October and the first days of November. If you set yourself the goal of fermenting cabbage, then you need it harvest from the beds in mid-October.

To better store cabbage, it is cut with a fairly long stalk. Also, it is important to leave a few green leaves near the head of cabbage that do not fit tightly to it. During storage, it is very important to maintain a stable low temperature at a level of 0 to 5 ºС. The optimum air humidity should be in the range of 80-85%.

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Country life | Growing cabbage in open ground - little tricks.

Cultivation of cabbage

Many summer residents grow cabbage in their gardens. Not because this vegetable is not on sale or is too expensive. People want to grow and then use to home table environmentally friendly products. And since summer residents grow cabbage, they also have various cabbage questions. What varieties to plant, how to care for, when to harvest, and others.

Different types of cabbage.

When planning to plant cabbage, it is necessary to take into account that there are both varieties, as well as early and late varieties. Varieties: white, red, kohlrabi, color, Savoy, Brussels. Who like what.

The most common planting is white cabbage. And here it is important to correctly calculate how much to plant early, how much winter late. In my experience, when I once planted a lot of early cabbage, and we did not have time to eat it, it immediately overgrew and cracked. It's like a salad, a radish - I didn't have time to harvest in time, which means it's thrown out. Or to feed the animals who have them.

But late cabbage is better to plant more. It is stored well in winter in a cool place. In winter, tasty, juicy vitamins are always welcome. It should be planted less often so that the heads of cabbage are large and dense. I have about 60 cm between seedlings. I plant seedlings in a narrow bed.

And one more tip- cabbage beds, cover with black lutrasil (this is a non-woven synthetic material made of polypropylene fiber). Early cabbage on such a bed is well tied up, heads of cabbage are good without loosening and hilling.

Removing lower leaves.

One of the cabbage questions - do I need to remove the leaves when the heads begin to tie? Almost unanimously, summer residents decided that only the lowest leaves lying on the ground can be cut off from cabbage. They give this advice, as a rule, because they are used to doing it, and not because they know how.

It is better not to remove the leaves. Their removal reduces the yield. Lightly removing the leaves (breaking off) helps the cabbage produce hormones that increase yield. But people are so addicted to breaking leaves that the effect is reversed. So it is better not to interfere with the natural growth process.

In no case do not cut the leaves, they are involved in the formation of the head! Leaves can be cut off only the lowest, which lie on the ground, and the rest provide food for the formation of the head.

Cabbage pest control.

The second cabbage question is what to do if pests attack the cabbage? There's a lot chemicals to fight them. But how to grow organic cabbage?

The main pests are caterpillars of cabbage butterflies. I usually infuse garlic: I dig up a few fresh garlic with greens or take ready-made dry heads, by eye, 5-7 pieces, cut into large pieces, pour running water - two liters, and all this is infused for two days. Then I filter the solution and spray the cabbage. If the garlic solution remains - you can sprinkle fruit trees - it will not hurt. There are also aphids and other pests.

They also recommend (but I haven’t tried) 2-3 times a season to water the cabbage with a solution of 9% vinegar (add a glass of vinegar to a 7-liter watering can). Pests do not attack heads of cabbage watered with such a solution. It is necessary to water the cabbage not at the root, but to arrange a shower for it. The effect of the use of vinegar is that the heads of cabbage grow dense, and the cabbage is very tasty.

Harvesting cabbage.

From the end of June, you can already cut early cabbage. The indicator of readiness is a pronounced cat. It's not hard, but it's not soft either. It's just that early varieties are not intended for storage, the interlayers are large. Mostly goes to the salad, and in the first courses. As they ripen, early cabbage must be harvested. Overexposure is fraught with the fact that the head of cabbage cracks and the next generation of cabbage grows from there for seeds. So it's important not to miss it.

Late varieties can be kept on the ground for a long time, until frost. If you didn’t manage to remove it before frost, and the cabbage froze, you need to let it thaw on the vine, and only then cut it off.

By following these little tricks, you will please yourself and your loved ones with environmentally friendly, tasty and healthy products grown with your own hands and with soul.

Cabbage is a very important crop that has been cultivated since time immemorial. Nowadays, there are more than ten of its species and many varieties.

Cabbage contains many useful substances: proteins, fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements. Regular consumption of any variety of cabbage is a good prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cabbage is useful for various diseases, such as anemia, various infections, skin diseases, etc. In addition, it is used in the form of compresses for various wounds, headaches, diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Many gardeners are interested in how to grow early cabbage in their area. It is quite simple, this crop does not require special growing conditions.

Seed preparation

Growing early cabbage begins with the preparation of seeds that need to be sorted and disinfected. To do this, they must first be placed for 20 minutes in hot water, then for one or two minutes in cold water and dried. If you purchased seeds in a store, then there is no need for such preparation.

Before planting, it is advisable to soak the seeds of early cabbage and harden them at a temperature of +1 ... +2 ° C for about a day. Thanks to this, they will germinate faster, in addition, such preparation increases the cold resistance of plants.

Sowing dates

The timing of planting depends on the variety and type of early cabbage. When is the best time to sow for a good harvest?

Early varieties of white and red cabbage are sown for seedlings at the end of March, broccoli and cauliflower - from mid-March to the end of April, Brussels sprouts - from mid to end of April. It is very important to take into account the climatic conditions.

Growing conditions

It is necessary to take into account several important points in order for early cabbage to grow and develop well. Planting and care for different varieties are basically the same. Cabbage cannot be grown in the same place for more than three years. It gives a good harvest in areas where legumes, beets, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, and cucumbers previously grew.

Fertile, light loamy, sandy loamy, soddy-podzolic, peat soils with acidity close to neutral are well suited for any type of this crop. A good harvest will not be on sandy and heavy clay soil.
The site should be open and well lit.

Site preparation

Of great importance is the preparation of the site on which early cabbage will grow. Planting and caring for plants begins in the spring. The site for early cabbage must be prepared in the fall. To do this, it is dug up and fertilized. As fertilizers, the use of humus, manure and compost in the amount of 1-1.5 buckets per m 2 is effective.

In addition, mineral fertilizers are also applied in the amount of 40 g of superphosphate per 1 m 2 and half as much. Acid soil is limed.

With the advent of spring, the land on which early cabbage will be planted is dug up, loosened and fertilized. Manure (one bucket per square meter) and wood ash (1-2 tablespoons per square meter) are used as fertilizers.

Seedling growing method

Growing early cabbage from seedlings allows you to get a good harvest. Seeds are sown in boxes filled with soil, which must first be leveled and watered. Then furrows are made about 1.5 cm deep, in which seeds are sown at a distance of 2 cm. Until shoots appear, it is necessary that the temperature in the room be about 20 ° C. When the seeds sprout, the temperature is reduced to 8 ° C and maintained at this level for a week, after which it must be increased to 16-18 ° C during the day and about 10 ° C at night.

After two leaves appear, the seedlings are picked into separate containers. It is important to consider that additional lighting is necessary for good growth and development of cabbage.

After the appearance of 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in open ground.

Growing without a pick

When planting early cabbage for seedlings in this way, they use cups, peat tablets, pots or special trays. Two seeds must be sown in each container or cell. When shoots appear, only the strongest plant is left.

Landing in open ground

When the air temperature exceeds 17 ° C, and the soil temperature is 14 ° C, early cabbage seedlings are planted in the ground.

Seedlings of different varieties are planted according to different schemes:

Early white and red cabbage - 30 × 40;
- broccoli cabbage - 30 × 60, in order to develop side shoots - 40 × 60;
- Brussels sprouts - 60 × 70;
- early kohlrabi - 30×40;
- Savoy cabbage - 70 × 30;
- cauliflower early cabbage - 30 × 60.

It is best to plant cabbage in cloudy or rainy weather. So that the soil does not compact and does not become covered with a crust, it must be regularly mulched or loosened.

seedless way

With this method of growing early cabbage, seeds are sown directly into the ground. Growing early cabbage in this way has its advantages. The plant does not have to be transplanted, the development of the root and aerial parts occurs faster than with the seedling method of cultivation, the yield increases. Sowing of early cabbage is carried out at different times, depending on the region of growth.

Before planting for protection against pests, the seeds are treated using 12% hexachloran. Seeding rate - 2 kg per 1 hectare, planting depth - 2-3 cm.

After the plant has 4-5 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving one plant at a distance of 40-50 cm from the other. Further care is the same as when growing with seedlings: watering, loosening, protection from pests.

Feeding and care

How the leaves will grow and what size the head will be depends on how much the plant is provided with nitrogen. Cabbage has a special need for nitrogen before heading out. When the head begins to tie, the plant needs potassium.

A week after the seedlings were planted, they need to be fed using a solution of urea (for feeding ten plants - 3 tablespoons per 1 bucket of water), before tying a head of cabbage, nitrophoska is used for feeding (the same proportions for five plants).

Using organic fertilizers for top dressing, their solution is prepared a day before top dressing. The container is half filled with bird droppings, filled with water. Fertilizer must be stirred several times a day until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Immediately before feeding, the liquid must be diluted with water ten times.

Cabbage loves moisture, so it is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. Early cabbage is watered three to four times a week. Before harvesting, if further storage is expected, watering is stopped 35-45 days in advance.

After watering, the soil must be loosened, each time reducing the depth of processing, so as not to damage the root system. In order for a healthy early white cabbage to grow, it must also be spudded, but not with dry soil.

Pest control

Insects and other pests can cause irreparable damage to crops, so care must be taken to protect plants.

Early white cabbage, as well as cauliflower, can be damaged by the larvae of which harm the roots of the plant. At the same time, the cabbage begins to wither in hot weather, and its lower leaves become bluish.

To combat this pest, DDT dust or 6% hexachloran dust are used, which are used to pollinate the plant after planting. The procedure is carried out two or three times with an interval of a week. The soil is watered using 30% thiophos (0.03% concentration). You can sprinkle the ground near the plant with naphthalene mixed with sand (1: 5).

A plant that has just begun to sprout can be damaged by a cruciferous flea that feeds on cabbage leaves. Early sowing and transplanting of seedlings can protect against this pest, which allows the plants to get stronger before the flea is activated. To accelerate growth and increase resistance, the plant is fed using saltpeter and slurry.

Huge damage to the plant is caused by colonies of cabbage aphids, which suck the juices from plants. The leaves then become stained, begin to curl. The growth of cabbage slows down, the tying of the head stops.

To combat this pest, before tying the head, the plant is sprayed using anabasin sulfate (concentration - 0.2%) or 2.5% dust metaphos. Spraying with a decoction of tobacco is effective, to obtain which you need to pour tobacco dust (400 g) with water (2 l) and boil for 2 hours. The cooled solution is filtered. Then it is necessary to add soap (50 g) to it and dissolve everything in a bucket of water.

Growing early cabbage in a greenhouse

Cabbage is one of the main crops planted in greenhouses. They mainly grow white early cabbage. When to sow seeds in this way?

To grow early cabbage in a greenhouse, seeds must be sown in early February. In early April, seedlings are planted at a distance of 35-40 cm. Seedlings should have 3-4 true leaves, they must first be hardened.

The appearance of the seedlings can tell you what the crop will be like. Plants that have green leaves have a weak root system. And this means that the seedlings will not take root well. The shape of the leaf can be judged on the shape of the head. If the leaves are large, and the stem is short and thick, then there will be large heads.

The soil on which cabbage will be grown in a greenhouse should be well fertilized, dense, loamy and retain moisture well. It is necessary to regularly loosen the soil with fertilizing with a solution of manure.

The temperature range for growing cabbage is from 5 to 20 °C. Young seedlings need additional lighting. During the formation of the head, the plant needs a lot of moisture.

Harvesting

In early varieties of cabbage, heads appear about 55-60 days after the seedlings were planted, that is, in late June - early July. The ripening of heads of cabbage is not simultaneous, so they need to be removed in several steps, cut off with a sharp knife. At the same time, 2-3 leaves and a stump up to 2 cm long are left.

Important Rules

When thinking about how to grow early cabbage, you first need to take care of the quality of seedlings, and for this you need to remember a few important points:

1. Before sowing seeds, they must be prepared to avoid infection of plants with infectious diseases.

2. The soil mixture used should not be heavy. If soil from the garden is used, it must first be treated with cold on the street or on the balcony, heat treatment is also necessary. The best option is to purchase a special ready-made mixture.

3. It is very important to observe the sowing dates. Early cabbage is sown in mid-March. To extend the harvest time, it can be sown in two to three days for two weeks.

4. The container with seedlings should be located in a place where there is enough sunlight. Otherwise, seedlings may be pulled out. Additionally, fluorescent lighting is required in order to achieve a total day length of 12-14 hours.

5. After the first true leaves have appeared, the seedlings need to be hardened off. In addition to low temperature, seedlings are hardened with bright light. To do this, it must be taken out into the street. This helps to avoid stretching the seedlings.

6. Watering should be moderate to prevent root rot. For irrigation use settled water at a temperature of 22-23 ° C.

7. Before moving the seedlings to the site, they are not watered. Plants that are slightly wilted don't break as easily.

Compliance with such simple rules will allow you to get an excellent harvest of this useful crop.

White cabbage is a biennial plant very popular in Russia. During the first year it forms a head, in the second year a stem with seeds appears. Cabbage grown not in a greenhouse, but in open ground, gives a richer harvest. The mass of heads of cabbage can reach 10 kg.

Selection of varieties suitable for outdoor cultivation

The optimal choice of varieties is dictated by the goals of the gardener: what is he going to do with cabbage - salt with heads, pickle in jars or eat fresh.

1. For lovers of fresh cabbage greens- Bella, Zephyr, No. 1 polar K-206, Malyshka, Explosion, Gribovsky 147, Stryapuha. Most delicious salads are obtained from early-ripening varieties ripening 45 days after planting in open ground. These varieties have a delicate sweetish taste, contain a lot of fiber, which promotes digestion and removes toxins from the body. The only “but” is that they do not store well, so it is better to eat them as soon as possible after harvest.

2. For pickling and other preservation– Volley F1, F Sprint, Zosia F1, Stakhanovka, Cook F1, F Rinda, Mother-in-law F1, Golden Hectare. Middle-ripening varieties of cabbage are used for spinning and pickling. In its heads (unlike early-ripening varieties), vitamins and sugars have time to accumulate, providing good fermentation.

3. For storage in the cellar– Katyusha F1, Galaxy, Uliana F1, Kolobok, Russian Winter, Gade, Sugarloaf. For these purposes, late varieties are planted, for which the harvest occurs at the end of August - the beginning of September. They are well stored in the cellar, and the longer they lie, the tastier they become.

Experienced gardeners usually plant different varieties of cabbage on the plot, starting from the needs of the family.

Site and soil preparation

Clay soils and loams rich in moisture and humus - best option for white cabbage. If at the same time they are also slightly acidic, you can make plans for a good harvest. Cabbage also grows on sandy neutral soils, but the harvest in this case is more modest.

Early ripe varieties are best planted in areas where cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, and turnips were previously grown. For late varieties, beans, peas, and potatoes are considered the best predecessors. The general recommendation for any variety is that the site should be unshaded. Soil preparation is carried out as follows:

• after spring snowmelt, the soil is loosened with a rake;
• fertilizers are applied (if this was not done in the fall);
• urea (or ammonium nitrate), superphosphate, potassium chloride are used as fertilizers;
• the site is re-digged;
• in areas with high humidity, it is necessary to prepare ridges for planting, 1 m wide, up to 0.25 m high; if the soil is of normal moisture, the ridges do not need to be prepared.

Landing in open ground

Seedlings of early varieties are planted in late April - early May, observing when planting the distance between plants 30 cm, between rows 45 cm.

Seedlings of mid-season varieties are planted in the second decade of May, keeping the distance between plants in a row 40-50 cm, between rows 60-70 cm. Late varieties are planted in the third decade of May, leaving row spacing 70 cm, distance between plants 50-70 cm.

A hole is prepared for each plant with a hoe and moistened with a small amount of water, 0.5-0.7 liters. When planting, plants are buried to the first leaf and additionally watered.

White cabbage of late-ripening varieties can also be grown in a seedless way. For this, seeds are sown in the soil in early spring. After the emergence of shoots, the plants should be thinned out, leaving only the largest and most developed in the nests.

Care: watering, loosening, top dressing

Watering

In the first weeks, cabbage needs a lot of water. Therefore, every two or three days it should be watered with warm water. In order for the plants to form a powerful root system, soil moisture should be 75%. The more leaves a cabbage has, the more water the plant needs, and this need reaches its peak when the head begins to tie. Further, the irrigation tactics change: during ripening, the volume of water decreases so that the heads do not crack.

Loosening and hilling

As soon as it becomes clear that the seedlings have taken root, you need to carry out the first loosening. Follow-up should be carried out at intervals of approximately 8-9 days.

A few words about hilling - this event is vital for cabbage, because. the stem sprinkled with earth gives additional roots, which in turn has a positive effect on the future harvest. The first hilling is performed 3 weeks after planting.

top dressing

During the season, white cabbage should be fed three times.

The first top dressing is 2 weeks after planting, when the seedlings take root and active vegetation begins. Liquid cow manure is used in the following proportion: 1 liter of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. Consumption per plant - approx. liters.

The second top dressing - a month after planting the seedlings, i.e. two weeks after the first. The composition of the fertilizer is the same.

The third top dressing is performed during the development of the head of cabbage. Each plant is watered with half a liter of a solution of the following composition: for 10 liters of water, 10 g of potash fertilizer and urea.

• As weeds appear, they need to be weeded out.
• You need to constantly monitor the degree of soil moisture.
• Watering should be completed approximately 30 days before harvest.

Harvesting

White cabbage is harvested in the summer, when the heads have formed and ripened.

To increase the keeping quality, heads of cabbage should be cut with two or three leaves per stem. Store in a dark cellar where the temperature is maintained at 0 ... +5 `C.

After harvesting, leaves are left in the garden that can be used to feed livestock or make humus.

Diseases and pests of white cabbage

An important part of the full care of this vegetable crop is the protection of cabbage from diseases and pests. During the season, there are many threats to cabbage leaves, let's take a closer look at the most common ones.

cabbage fly

The cabbage fly is a pest insect that lays its eggs in late spring directly on clods of earth in the immediate vicinity of the plant. After only a week, larvae appear from the eggs, which penetrate the root system of the cabbage and destroy it. If you do not take action on time, you can put an end to the plant. in an efficient way The fight against cabbage fly is the earliest possible planting of seedlings in open ground, so that by the end of May it has time to take root and gain strength. In addition, hilling cabbage “works” to increase resistance to external influences, stimulating the appearance of additional roots. If cabbage fly larvae are found, the area should be treated twice with insecticides with an interval of one week.

cruciferous flea

This is one of the most dangerous pests, affecting cabbage, radish, radish and a number of other plants. It only takes a few days for the cruciferous flea to destroy a cabbage plantation. Good results can be achieved by pollinating seedlings with wood ash or spraying with an ash-soap solution. Helps and ash-tobacco infusion, prepared in proportion: 10 liters of ash water 200 g of tobacco.

Aphid

The acquisition by cabbage leaves of a pinkish hue and a characteristic twisting down indicates their defeat by such a pest as aphids. She lives on back side leaf, forming whole colonies there. You can fight it by spraying with infusion of potato tops or tomato leaves, ash-soap solution. From chemical methods Spraying with store-bought commercially available pest control insecticides may be effective.

quila

butterflies

They often lay their eggs on the underside of cabbage leaves. Later certain time caterpillars appear, actively eating the plant. Control measures: insecticides and folk recipes, for example, spraying the leaves with an infusion of potato tops and tomato stalks (4 kg per 10 liters of water) with the addition of 100 g of laundry soap.

The topic of growing white cabbage is close to every summer resident. The above recommendations will help you avoid mistakes and grow a rich harvest.

To get a good harvest, you need to properly grow seedlings and care for plants at all stages of the growing season, as well as correctly select varieties suitable for a particular region. In fact, you can grow white cabbage in the open field in any region, regardless of the climate.

Following the tips from the article, you can grow juicy crispy cabbage with your own hands. We will also tell you how to properly harvest and store vegetables, as well as harvest cabbage for the winter.

Growing white cabbage outdoors

A bed for growing is prepared in advance, digging it up in the fall. In the spring, manure is introduced and dug up again. The site should be flat or with a slight southern slope and well lit. It is desirable that the soil retains moisture well.

The best predecessors for the crop are cereals, legumes, onions, cucumbers, potatoes and root crops. Since cabbage draws a lot of useful substances from the soil during growth, it can be re-planted in one place for no more than two years in a row. But it is better if the landing is carried out in the same place no more than once every 4 years. The culture cannot be planted in the area where radish, watercress, turnip or radish used to grow.

cabbage varieties

There are a lot of varieties of white cabbage. When choosing a variety, they are guided not only by the climatic conditions of the region, but also by the consumer goals for which the vegetable is grown. For example, early varieties are intended for fresh consumption, while medium and late varieties are for salting and long-term storage.

Popular early varieties include(picture 1):

1. Malachite - the earliest variety. The heads are small but very juicy. In addition, the vegetable grows rapidly, and when grown in a greenhouse, the growing season is reduced to 5 days (subject to frequent watering).
2. Taurus F - An early variety intended for outdoor cultivation. With proper care, the weight of the head can reach 6 kg. In addition, the variety is resistant to diseases and pests, and the first harvest can be obtained within 100 days after planting the seedlings.
3. Dithmarscher Frewer- a variety bred in Germany. The main value lies in obtaining a large harvest in a short time, although the heads are small (the weight rarely exceeds 1.5 kg).
4. sugar crunch one of the earliest and high-yielding varieties. The period from planting to harvest is approximately 105 days.

Figure 1. Early varieties: 1 - Malachite, 2 - Taurus F1, 3 - Dietmarscher Fruer, 4 - Sugar crunch

For salting and long-term storage are selected special varieties, the growing season of which is longer, but fresh heads of cabbage can be stored until spring. These varieties belong (Figure 2):

1. Geneva - considered the earliest ripe among late varieties, as the growing season is 140 days. Due to its dense structure and good keeping quality, it is excellent for transportation and can be stored until the next harvest.
2. Moscow late - growing such cabbage, you can get heads of cabbage weighing 8-10 kg. In addition, the variety has high disease resistance, tolerates low temperatures and not damaged in transit.
3. Amager- designed for long-term storage (5-6 months). The variety is resistant to diseases and pests, the heads do not crack during storage. However, it is not used for pickling, as it can acquire a bitter aftertaste.
4. Slav- a late variety, which is used not only for storage, but also for fermentation.

Figure 2. Late varieties: 1 - Geneva, 2 - Moscow late, 3 - Amager, 4 - Slavyanka

Preparing seeds and seedlings for planting

Cabbage can be grown in seedling and seedless way. If you plan to get an early harvest, it is better to use seedlings. But regardless of the types of cultivation, the seeds must be properly prepared for planting:

• The seeds are spread on a bandage or gauze folded in several layers and placed for 15 minutes in hot water, and then another 2 - in the cold. This will disinfect the seeds;
• After that, the fabric is laid out on a saucer and kept moist for a day so that they increase slightly;
• Further, to harden the seeds, they are transferred to the lower shelf of the refrigerator for another day.

After that, you can start sowing (Figure 3). The seeds must be dried beforehand so that they become more free-flowing. If you plan to grow seedlings at home, it is better to buy special land in the store. In the greenhouse, the seeds are simply sown in the ground at a distance of 2 cm from each other and sprinkled with earth. When the first shoots appear, care must be taken that the seedlings are not overheated and not too wet, as this will cause the plants to stretch and they will be too weak.

Figure 3. Sowing seeds for seedlings

When the seedlings are 20 days old, they swoop down, that is, they are seated in separate containers. If seedlings are grown in a greenhouse, they are simply planted at a greater distance. The seedling is carefully removed from the ground, and, together with a lump of soil, is transferred to a new place.

Outdoor cultivation: features

Planting seedlings in open ground begins in late April or early May. The bed is dug up, the earth is loosened with a rake and holes are made at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other. When growing Brussels and Savoy, the distance is increased to 70 cm, and kohlrabi can be grown more densely (the distance between the holes is 30-40 cm).

Further planting of cabbage is carried out as follows (Figure 4):

• A handful of humus and wood ash are placed in each well, and watered abundantly with water;
• Seedlings are placed directly in moist soil, lightly sprinkled with dry earth on top. If the plant is too long, it should be immersed in the ground so that there is no stem above the surface, but only the first two leaves;
• If the weather is too sunny, the plants are shaded, and after a week the shelters are removed, since during this time the seedlings have time to take root;
• Every evening carry out moderate watering.

Figure 4. Transplanting seedlings in open ground

With a seedless method of growing, seeds are sown directly in a prepared bed with loose soil. To do this, make small grooves, 1 cm deep, water them with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sow the seeds. Above the bed, a shelter made of arcs and a film must be installed. When the seedlings grow up (after about 3-4 weeks), they are seated more freely. How to plant and care for cabbage will tell the author of the video.

Care

The main requirement for care is abundant watering. It is better to water in the evening, in hot weather - once every two or three days, and on cloudy days - about once a week (Figure 5).

Note: The soil around the plants is regularly loosened. You can also use hilling, sprinkling the ground around the bushes with peat. This will help control weeds and retain much needed moisture.

An important step is the application of fertilizers. For the entire growing season, they are applied 2-4 times, depending on the development of plants. After each top dressing, the leaves are sprinkled with clean water to wash away chemical residues.

Fertilization is carried out as follows:

• The first time 2 weeks after planting seedlings. To do this, you can use chicken manure or mullein diluted with water. However, if the soil was fertilized at planting, the first dressing can be skipped.
• The second fertilization is done a month after planting, using the same organic mixture. Top dressing for early grades is especially effective.
• The third time only medium and late varieties are fed 2 weeks after the previous fertilization.
• The fourth dressing is carried out only for late varieties and if necessary (if the plants are weak or have suffered a disease). Fertilizers can only be applied 3 weeks after the previous time.

Figure 5. Caring for white cabbage seedlings

In addition to organic fertilizers, special solutions of industrial production can be used for top dressing.

Cabbage requires not only regular watering, fertilizing and loosening, but also freedom from weeds. It is in them that pests can live. Besides, weeds taken from the soil nutrients necessary for the formation of heads.

Diseases and pests

Cabbage care also includes timely pest and disease control. The most common vegetable pests are considered (Figure 6):

1. cabbage fly - Outwardly, it resembles an ordinary fly, but it lays eggs only on the leaves and stems of the vegetable. After hatching, the pest larvae begin to gnaw at the roots and the plant gradually dies. Early and middle varieties are especially often affected. To combat insects, a dust solution is used, and for prevention, the soil around the roots is sprinkled with a mixture of naphthalene and sand.
2. cruciferous fleas can damage young shoots and seedlings. For the winter, pests hide in the ground, and with the onset of warm weather, plants, including leaves, begin to gnaw. To prevent the death of plants, seeds should be planted in early spring and fed with saltpeter or slurry.
3. Cabbage scoop and whitefish - are butterflies that lay their eggs on inner surface leaves. After about 2 weeks, caterpillars appear from them, which can almost completely gnaw the leaves. For the fight, the same solutions are used as for the elimination of the cabbage fly.
4. Aphid - insects settle on the leaves in large colonies and suck the juices from the plant. As a result, brown spots form on the leaves and gradually the plant dies. To eliminate aphids, special chemicals or tobacco decoction are used.

Figure 6. Common pests of white cabbage: 1 - cabbage fly, 2 - cruciferous fleas, 3 - cabbage scoop, 4 - cabbage aphid

There are also a number of diseases that can reduce the yield or completely destroy it (Figure 7):

Fungal disease that affects the roots. Begins to develop with too abundant watering. Unfortunately, it is not possible to immediately determine that the plants have become infected. To do this, you need to dig one and examine its roots. If there are blisters or growths, you need to take immediate action. Effective Methods there is no fight against kila. Infected plants are simply dug up and discarded. The soil is treated with Bordeaux liquid or formalin, and it is possible to re-plant the crop on the site only after 5-6 years.

• Fusarium

Most often it affects seedlings, although adult plants can undergo this disease. To determine the presence of Fusarium, you need to cut one of the leaves along the petiole. If there is a brown ring on the cut, then the plants are infected. Infected plants cannot be cured because their leaves are already damaged inside. Such plants are simply dug up with a root, and the hole is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.

If the cabbage has just begun to ripen, it can be sprayed with fungicides, choosing the least toxic. That is why it is recommended to use Fusarium-resistant varieties.

• Blackleg

It affects not only cabbage, but also tomatoes. Spread is facilitated by high temperature and humidity. In affected plants, the stem darkens and becomes thinner. Gradually, it ceases to receive nutrients from the soil and dies.

Figure 7. Signs of white cabbage diseases: 1 - clubroot, 2 - fusarium, 3 - black leg, 4 - white rot, 5 - gray rot

As a rule, preparations that are used to combat the blackleg cannot be used for cabbage, so the affected plants are dug up, and watering is reduced for the rest. In addition, densely growing seedlings must be dived.

• white rot

Wet spots with a white mucous coating appear on the affected head. The appearance of white rot is promoted by a lack of potassium and phosphorus, and for prevention, you need to regularly fertilize plants and observe crop rotation.

• Gray rot

The disease affects the heads, folded for storage. Externally fungal disease resembles white rot, but the plaque has a gray tint. In order not to lose the crop, the storage room must be treated with bleach or formalin.

Cleaning and storage of cabbage

Cabbage is harvested when all heads of cabbage ripen in the garden. But in the process of growing vegetables, little by little, you can pick and eat. Determining the maturity of the head is simple: it should be dense to the touch.

It is not recommended to leave mature heads of cabbage in the garden for a long time, as they can crack, and when frost appears, they can deteriorate. It is best to harvest on a dry and cool day. So you can protect vegetables from rot.

The heads are cut off with a knife, leaving a root with several leaves in the ground. After sending the crop for storage, the stalk is dug up, since after decay they can provoke the development of diseases.

Note: After harvesting, all stumps are inspected. Dense ones are left for long-term storage, and damaged ones are sent for pickling or pickling.

If the cabbage will be stored in the cellar, the room must be properly prepared(picture 8):

1. Heads of cabbage cannot be simply dumped on a heap, as they will quickly begin to rot.
2. You need to place the heads on racks or shelves in a checkerboard pattern, in one tier and up with the stumps.
3. Straw or dry fern leaves are placed under the heads of cabbage. These plants absorb water and prevent decay.
4. The storage temperature should be -1 - +2 degrees at a humidity of 90%. If the room is warmer, the vegetables will quickly rot, and in extreme cold, they will freeze and deteriorate.

Figure 8. Collection and storage of white cabbage

A small crop can be stored in another way: each head is dipped in liquid clay and allowed to freeze in the air.

Salting and sauerkraut for the winter

Pickling and salting is a great way to prepare cabbage for the winter if the finished heads have any defects. For this, medium and late varieties are chosen, since the early ones have a characteristic green color and contain too little sugar to activate fermentation.

It is better to ferment cabbage in wooden tubs and barrels. But you can use any enameled container or glass jars. Aluminum containers cannot be used for fermentation, as the workpiece becomes gray in it and acquires a metallic taste.

Note: For pickling, you need to take 10 kg of chopped cabbage, 0.5 kg of carrots and a glass of salt. Sometimes dill seeds and cumin seeds are added to the mixture for flavor.

Chopped vegetables should be mixed with carrots and half of the salt, mashed a little with your hands until juice is formed and transferred to a pickling container, pressing it lightly so that the juice begins to stand out. The container must stand at room temperature about a week. To make it crispy, you need to pierce it daily to the bottom clean. wooden spoon or wand. A sign that the cabbage is ready will be a decrease in juice and a subsidence of the overall level of vegetables. But you should still try it: if it seems that it is not sour enough, you can leave it for another day or two. Ready cabbage can be decomposed into separate containers and stored in the refrigerator (Figure 9).

Salting is a little different from fermentation. First of all, you need to choose and prepare the right products:

• Tight heads without damage are suitable for salting (late varieties);
• The head is cleaned from the upper leaves and cut;
• Prepare spices and salt. You need to take only coarse rock salt.

Figure 9. Pickling and salting white cabbage (from left to right)

Ready cabbage is put into a wooden or enameled container, sprinkling the layers with salt. Oppression is set on top and waiting for the juice to appear. Periodically, you need to check whether the vegetable releases enough liquid. If there is little juice, you need to increase the weight of oppression. From the video you will learn how to properly salt and sour cabbage.