In which dictionary can you find out about the origin of the word potter and why. The origin of Russian words, information from various sources

Help. Write the words correctly. Help. Write the words correctly. A bear, a wolf and a fox gathered on the fox palyanki.2. Indicate the part of speech in the sentence:

In the garden, my brother and I dug up worms for morning fishing. Part of speech In the city, my brother and I dug up worms for morning fishing3. What word would be a synonym for the word FAST?4. In which dictionary can you find the meaning of a word? 5. Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence: IN THE MOST SPRING TIME, JUICE DROPS FROM THE WHITE BARK.

Help. Write the words correctly. Help. Write the words correctly. On Help. Write the words correctly. A bear, a wolf and

fox.2. Indicate the part of speech in the sentence: In the garden, my brother and I dug up worms for morning fishing. Part of speech In city, my brother and I dug up worms for morning fishing3. What word would be a synonym for the word FAST?4. In which dictionary can you find out the meaning of a word?5. Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence: IN THE MOST SPRING TIME THE JUICE FROM THE WHITE BARK DROPS.

188. What characteristic does the participle flying correspond to? a) passive, present tense, perfect form; b) real, past tense,

imperfect form;c) passive, present tense, imperfective; d) real, present tense, imperfective.
192. Which variant does not correspond to the method of communication “agreement”: a) noun + noun; b) noun + participle; c) noun + ordinal number; d) noun + adjective.

193. Mark the sentence with a compound verbal predicate: a) Without you, I would not have reached the city and would have frozen on the road. b) I began to fail in health. c) My brother is a student. d) The princess was known as a lover of music.
196. Which of the given circumstances in the sentence will not be isolated: a) they read wanting to remember; b) I hurry to you headlong; c) stopped before reaching the alley; d) deepened by turning to the right.
197. Which sentence with a quote is framed correctly: a) A. Tolstoy argued that "language is an instrument of thinking." b) “Language is an instrument of thinking,” A. Tolstoy argued. c) A. Tolstoy stated: "That language is an instrument of thinking." d) A. Tolstoy argued - "language is an instrument of thinking."
198. Indicate how much grammar basics can be distinguished from the sentence (punctuation marks are not placed): It was cold, but in some places the lights were already lit in the houses and at the end of the street a pale moon began to rise from behind the barracks. a) 2; b) 3; in 1; d) 4.
230. In what phrase should the verb put on be used? a) ... son; b) ... cap; c) ... marble; d) ... granite.
231. What dictionary can be used to determine the correct pronunciation of a word? a) Explanatory; b) etymological; c) derivational; d) orthoepic.
232. Mark the phrase with the connection "adjacency": a) choose a profession; b) hotel doors; c) friendly caring; d) red with excitement.
234. Find impersonal offer: a) By night it was freezing. b) Let me go to the Volga steppes. c) The boulevard is long and gray-haired. d) The sun broke through the leaves.
236. Find a sentence in which homogeneous members expressed in words different parts speeches: a) The frost grew stronger and pinched his ears. b) The fire burned generously, smoky, in full force. c) Slowly, importantly, sternly sad business was conducted. d) It was sad both in the spring air and in the darkening sky, and in the carriage.
234. Find an impersonal sentence: a) By night it was freezing. b) Let me go to the Volga steppes.
238. Find a complex sentence (punctuation marks are not placed): a) And the pines bend as if alive and make such a thoughtful noise. b) The word is an expression of thought and can serve to unite and separate people. c) Autumn rain knocks on the glass, shimmers in the cracks of the stones, and the grass near the roads gets wet and becomes lower and darker. d) The passages stretch, branch and suddenly expand into entire halls.
239. What part should be added to the sentence The letter was brought in the evening ... to make it compound sentence: a) ... when no one called him anymore. b) ... and I eagerly printed it out. c) ... and handed over personally. d) ... there would not be enough time for anything.
240. Indicate the non-union complex sentence (punctuation marks are not placed): a) The sky already breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often, the day became shorter. b)) The pale gray sky was getting lighter, getting colder and turning blue. c) When Anya was escorted home, it was already dawn and the cooks were going to work d) At that time, lightning flashed and a strong thunderclap was heard.

Dictionaries reflecting the origin of words primarily include etymological dictionaries. From 1950 to 1958, the three-volume "Russiche Etymologisches Worterbuch" compiled by M. Fasmer was published in Heidelberg. Translated into Russian and supplemented by O.N. Trubachev, "Russian Etymological Dictionary" by M. Fasmer was then published in our country in four volumes in 1964 - 1973. In addition to modern common nouns(originally Russian, many borrowed, obsolete and dialectal) in this dictionary there are many proper names - personal names and geographical names. The explanation of the etymology of primordially Russian words in it is usually limited to an indication of related words or a reference to the corresponding root, and an explanation of the etymology of borrowings is an indication of the source language.
In the "Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" N.M. Shansky, V.V. Ivanova, T.V. Shanskaya, ed. S.G. Barkhudarov (1961; 3rd ed. - 1975) mostly commonly used words are interpreted, and from foreign languages, as a rule, those that are not in the "Dictionary foreign words"(See about him below), i.e. those that are not recognized by many as strangers. In cases where the authors had the opportunity to give an explanation real origin of a given word, the dictionary entry of the dictionary tells whether this word is originally or borrowed, when, on the basis of what and how exactly it arose, i.e. the sequence of the word-formation process and the method of formation. The volume of the publication ("Short ... Dictionary") explains the absence of parallels from related languages ​​in it and the replacement of this information with the marks "Common Slavic", "East Slavonic", etc. When words are foreign in origin, the time of their appearance in the Russian language and the first fixation in written monuments are indicated.
Since 1963, the multi-volume "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" began to appear, suggesting the fullest possible coverage of vocabulary. The dictionary contains critical and bibliographic data, parallels for native Russian words and comparative material for borrowings.
The "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" by A.G. has not lost its meaning. Preobrazhensky (published from 1910 to 1914; the end of the dictionary, which remained in the manuscript, was published in 1949 and republished in 1958 and 1959).
Information about the language from which the word is borrowed is given in the "Dictionary of Foreign Words" (1941; 7th ed. Edited by A.T. Spirkin, I.A. Akchurin, R.S. Karpinskaya - 1979), containing vocabulary, predominantly perceived to some extent as a foreign language.
"Brief Toponymic Dictionary" V.A. Nikonova indicates the origin of about 4000 names of the largest geographical objects (states, seas, rivers, islands, mountains, etc.), "Dictionary of Russian personal names" N.A. Petrovsky (1966) contains information about the origin of names.
Finally, about what language this or that came from foreign word(perceived as a foreign language), can also be learned from temporary explanatory dictionaries(such information is not available only in the "Dictionary of the Russian language" by S.I. Ozhegov).

V. N. Sergeev

Everyone knows what a dictionary is. This is a collection of words (usually in alphabetical order) with explanations, interpretations, or translations of the meanings of words from another language.
Exist different types dictionaries. There are dictionaries for specialists, for a wide range of readers, for schoolchildren.
Depending on the tasks of the dictionary, the composition of words will be different, they will be located and explained differently. To get real help from dictionaries, you need not only to know what they are, but also how to use them.
If you are interested in what this or that word means, in what cases it is appropriate to use it, please contact explanatory dictionary. In explanatory dictionaries, in addition to explaining the meanings of words, you will also find information about the stress in a word, about its spelling, the most typical phrases, get brief reference about the origin of the word and other information. In explanatory dictionaries, the meanings of words are confirmed by examples from works of art, scientific, popular science and other literature. There are multi-volume and single-volume explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language.
The one-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S.I. Ozhegov - the most famous of the explanatory dictionaries - has withstood many editions. The first time the dictionary saw the light in 1949, its 9th edition, corrected and supplemented, and the subsequent editions were edited by our well-known linguist N. Yu. Shvedova.
If you have difficulty with stress and pronunciation, contact orthoepic dictionary. In dictionaries correct pronunciation information about stress and other pronunciation features of words is given. Here, for example, are some of these dictionaries: the reference dictionary "Russian literary pronunciation and stress", ed. R. I. Avanesov and S. I. Ozhegov (M., 1988); reference dictionary "Modern orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language" (under the editorship of K. S. Gorbachevich. Publishing house: AST, 2010); Dictionary-reference book "School Dictionary of the Culture of Russian Speech" (compiled by L. I. Skvortsov. Edited by G. V. Karpyuk, Publishing House: Drofa, 2010).
To understand the meaning of a particular phraseological expression will help phrasebook. In 2013, the 7th edition of V.P. Zhukov’s “School Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language” was published in collaboration with A.V. Zhukov (under the editorship of G.V. Karpyuk, Publishing house: Education, 2010). Explaining proverbs and sayings winged words and figurative expressions will give dictionaries of proverbs, sayings and winged words. Here are just a few of them: V. P. Zhukov. "Dictionary of Russian proverbs and sayings" (15th ed., Publishing house: Drofa, 2014); E. A. Vartanyan. "From the life of words" (2nd ed., Publishing house: Education, 2010); S. N. Zigunenko, A. F. Istomin. "A unique illustrated explanatory dictionary of aphorisms and winged words for children" (Publishing House: SovA, 2011).
The choice of a suitable synonym from the synonymic series will prompt synonym dictionary. For example, the “Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language” by 3. E. Aleksandrova (17th ed., Publishing House: Drofa, 2010) has already withstood many reprints.
Recall that there are a number of other dictionaries: spelling, in which you can learn about how words are written; dictionaries of foreign words explaining the meaning and origin of borrowed words; etymological dictionaries, giving information about the structure and origin of words from ancient times; historical dictionaries, showing the development and change of vocabulary in a certain period of time; regional, or dictionaries of Russian folk dialects explaining dialect words; writer's language dictionaries, giving a description of the entire vocabulary of the writer; word usage difficulties dictionaries, revealing the nature of the most typical linguistic and speech errors and inaccuracies; toponymic dictionaries explaining the history and origin geographical names; dictionaries of abbreviations of Russian words, explaining the abbreviation of the word; proper name dictionaries, explaining the origin of personal names used or used in the Russian language; dictionaries of antonyms, homonyms. The list of dictionaries could be continued.
Where are new words and old words that have new meanings placed? Some dictionaries include neologisms as soon as they appear, others only after a certain period of time, when the neologism, having lost its novelty, becomes an ordinary word.
First of all, neologisms are included in special dictionaries and reference books, if they are new terms or professionalisms; new words must be included in writers' language dictionaries if they are writer's neologisms; they are placed in dictionaries of new words and meanings, the first to register the appearance of neologisms. Having become a fact of the national language, new words are introduced into explanatory dictionaries literary language. In explanatory dictionaries, as we have already said, a wide variety of information can be obtained about a word.

I think that every person, at least once in his life, opened a dictionary. Let's find out what they are.

A dictionary is a collection of words with explanations and interpretations. The words that are given in the collection are located in alphabetical order, so it is much easier for those who know the alphabet to use the dictionary.

Many people know that there are many dictionaries. There are dictionaries for specialists, for a wide range of readers, for schoolchildren. Depending on the tasks of the dictionary, the composition of words will be different, they will be located and explained differently.

• If you are interested in what this or that word means, in what cases it is appropriate to use it, please contact explanatory dictionary. One can guess that since it is named INTELLIGENT, means, explain everything about the word that interests you, including information about the stress in the word, its spelling, the most typical phrases.

The most famous "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S.I. Ozhegov.

• If you have difficulty with stress and pronunciation, contact orthoepic dictionary.

The most famous orthoepic dictionary "Russian literary pronunciation and stress" ed. R. I. Avanesova and S. I. Ozhegov.

• To understand the meaning of a particular phraseological expression will help phrasebook.

The most famous "School Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language" by V.P. Zhukov in collaboration with A.V. Zhukov (under the editorship of G.V. Karpyuk).

• An explanation of proverbs and sayings, winged words and figurative expressions will give dictionaries of proverbs, sayings and winged words.

Known dictionaries:

1) V. P. Zhukov. Dictionary of Russian Proverbs and Sayings.

2)C. N. Zigunenko, A. F. Istomin. "A unique illustrated explanatory dictionary of aphorisms and winged words for children".

• The choice of a suitable synonym from the synonymic series will prompt synonym dictionary.

The most famous "Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language" 3. E. Alexandrova.

• You can learn how to spell words correctly from spelling dictionary.

The most famous "Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language" by D.N. Ushakov, S.E. Kryuchkov.

Dictionaries reflecting the origin of words primarily include etymological dictionaries. From 1950 to 1958, the three-volume "Russiche Etymologisches Wörterbuch" compiled by M. Fasmer was published in Heidelberg. Translated into Russian and supplemented by O.N. Trubachev, "Russian Etymological Dictionary" by M. Fasmer was then published in our country in four volumes in 1964 - 1973. In addition to modern common nouns (originally Russian, many borrowed, obsolete and dialectal), this dictionary contains many proper names - personal names and geographical names. The explanation of the etymology of primordially Russian words in it is usually limited to indicating related words or referring to the corresponding root, and the explanation of the etymology of borrowings is limited to indicating the source language.

In the "Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" N.M. Shansky, V.V. Ivanova, T.V. Shanskaya, ed. S.G. Barkhudarov (1961; 3rd ed. - 1975) mostly commonly used words are interpreted, and from foreign languages, as a rule, those that are not in the "Dictionary of Foreign Words" (see about it below), i.e. those that many do not recognize as strangers. In those cases when the authors had the opportunity to give an explanation of the real origin of a given word, the dictionary entry of the dictionary tells whether this word is originally or borrowed, when, on the basis of what and how exactly it arose, i.e. the sequence of the word-formation process and the method of formation. The volume of the publication ("Short ... Dictionary") explains the absence of parallels from related languages ​​in it and the replacement of this information with the marks "Common Slavic", "East Slavonic", etc. When words are foreign in origin, the time of their appearance in the Russian language and the first fixation in written monuments are indicated.

Since 1963, the multi-volume "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" began to appear, suggesting the fullest possible coverage of vocabulary. The dictionary contains critical and bibliographic data, parallels for native Russian words and comparative material for borrowings.

The "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" by A.G. has not lost its meaning. Preobrazhensky (published from 1910 to 1914; the end of the dictionary, which remained in the manuscript, was published in 1949 and republished in 1958 and 1959).

Information about the language from which the word is borrowed is given in the "Dictionary of Foreign Words" (1941; 7th ed. Edited by A.T. Spirkin, I.A. Akchurin, R.S. Karpinskaya - 1979), containing vocabulary, predominantly perceived to some extent as a foreign language.

"Brief Toponymic Dictionary" V.A. Nikonova indicates the origin of about 4000 names of the largest geographical objects (states, seas, rivers, islands, mountains, etc.), "Dictionary of Russian personal names" N.A. Petrovsky (1966) contains information about the origin of names.

Finally, one can also find out from which language this or that foreign word (perceived as foreign) came from temporary explanatory dictionaries (such information is not available only in S.I. Ozhegov's Dictionary of the Russian Language).

Rakhmanova L.I., Suzdaltseva V.N. Modern Russian language. - M, 1997.