Beds for the lazy: photos, ideas, ways to implement them. Personal plot: garden and vegetable garden planning How to plan planting in the country

The garden is usually perceived only as a source fresh vegetables and greenery. Meanwhile, green beds can become important element garden design. In addition, a reasonable layout of the garden, taking into account the needs of plants, helps to get an excellent harvest.

The main principles of garden planning

1. Maximum light

Most vegetables are photophilous. It is better to choose a well-lit and evenly lit area for the garden. For example, tomatoes reduce yields even if they are in the shade for about 2 to 3 hours a day. So that both sides are heated evenly, the beds are oriented from north to south.

2. Calculate your strength.

Allocate exactly as much space for the garden as you can - and want! - process. If you are in the country only on weekends and then not every time, it hardly makes sense to plan a large garden and strive to plant as many crops as possible.

3. Wide beds are not always good.

The planning of a personal plot usually begins with marking the beds for vegetables. Traditionally, in our gardens, the beds are made 100 - 120 cm wide. This saves the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe garden, but makes it difficult to care for plantings: it is not always convenient to stretch. 70 cm wide beds are much easier to care for. For the elderly, not only narrow, but also raised beds are convenient, over which you do not need to bend down. High beds are increasingly dressed in a frame made of boards, or ready-made ones are used, into which fertile soil is poured. In this case, both water and fertilizers are used by plants more rationally.

4. Do not get carried away with complex-shaped beds

This makes it difficult to care for and worsens the conditions for plants, since the earth dries out faster in the corners, so the plants may not develop evenly.

5. Passages between beds should not be the same width.

For normal care, a distance of 40 cm is sufficient; for high beds add 20 - 35 cm due to the presence of walls. If the garden is large, you need a through path for walking and walking, you can also make a platform for recreation. However, before proceeding with the formation of beds, think about how to lay a path. They should be wide enough, lead to all corners of the garden, it should be convenient not only to walk on them, but also to carry a cart.

6. Don't be afraid to combine cultures.

especially compatible with each other. Combination on the same bed different forms foliage, color shades and plant height looks much more attractive than monotonous rows of plantings.

Beautiful garden.

Suitable for gardening basic principles garden design, because volumetric decorative compositions can be created from almost any plant.

Tall plants are suitable for a single planting and creating a background: sunflower, corn, dill, amaranth, Jerusalem artichoke, lovage, rhubarb, tall tomatoes. Sorrel and horseradish will find their place under the rhubarb, mint, oregano will complement and decorate it with flowers and umbrellas, perennial bows, borage and spicy herbs.

Draw a garden plan

The main problems in planning a garden and a personal plot are the need to observe crop rotation and different needs for vegetables. Suppose a family needs one garden bed for radishes, a third of it for lettuce, and as many as three cucumbers. On the next year all the same will have to be landed in a completely different way. On the one hand, this is a plus, since the picture looks different every time. On the other hand - headache, as this puzzle has to be solved year after year. To see if all the desired volume of vegetables will fit in the beds or if some positions will have to be reduced, draw a garden plan.

Divide the area into squares, rectangles, triangles. In nature, their size should be such that you can reach the middle of the bed with your hand. Estimate how many sections for which crop you need (for example, zucchini - 4, radish - 2, etc.).

Then cut out the required amount from a sheet of paper and sign the names of the crop, its height and color. And then move these pieces of paper according to the plan of the garden, changing their places in accordance with the crop rotation plans.

Place low plants closer to the front edge, medium ones behind them, tall ones in the background as accents. Insufficient height vegetable plants can be compensated by using raised beds. Naturally, they have a ladder, the lowest ones are closer to the observer. Do not forget about lighting - this is very important when planning a garden: tall plants should not obscure low ones.

What can and cannot be planted.

There are garden crops that cannot grow and develop side by side due to the mutual intolerance of root and essential secretions. But there are also plants capable of "mutual assistance": planted in the neighborhood, they favorably influence each other. This must be taken into account when planning a personal plot.

Dislikes neighborhoods:

tomatoes and kohlrabi;
cucumbers and cabbage;
onions (onions and garlic) and potatoes, cabbage, legumes, beets;
legumes and nightshade (tomatoes, peppers).

Many of our compatriots have their own country plots or summer cottages. It is rare that a land owner does not take the opportunity to grow their own crops to indulge in natural food. However, summer residents are not always satisfied with the location of plantings on their acres, which affects the convenience of caring for the garden, and, accordingly, the harvest.

Development of a site project and garden planning on 6 acres

The layout of the garden and vegetable garden on a suburban area is as important as the right one, so this step on the way to arranging a country dwelling must be given Special attention. To successfully design a garden and vegetable garden, it is necessary to draw up on paper.

On the plan, in addition to the house or summer cottage, it is necessary to place all the necessary plantings that are planned to be grown.

There must be room for fruit trees and shrubs, and for vegetables, as well as for ornamental flowers. For ease of harvesting and caring for plants land plot it is recommended to divide into several parts.

The decorative area should be located closest to constantly delight the owners and decorate the house, and the fruit and berry and vegetable area should be some distance away from the house.

Site landscape design option

The layout of the garden and vegetable garden begins with the choice suitable place near the house. In order for the choice to be made correctly, it is necessary to analyze some existing conditions:

Choosing a place for fruit and berry crops

Confusion when choosing a place for certain shrubs is highly undesirable, and can lead to a poor harvest, so drawing up a plan for the location of fruit and berry plantations will help to avoid this. When drawing up a garden plan for 10-15 acres, the following should be considered:

Location on the site of ornamental plantings

For many summer residents, a suburban area is not only a place for growing crops. Most city dwellers go out of town to relax from the daily hustle and bustle, so a favorable environment is very necessary for them.

In order for the restoration of strength after a hard week of work to be most productive, you should take a responsible attitude to the layout of the ornamental garden. Consider the key points that you need to pay attention to when organizing a site:

Garden layout

Not a single plot for a country house can do without a garden.

The original version of the arrangement of the garden in the country

Particularly industrious grow on it everything that can be accommodated, while others only provide themselves with fresh greens for the summer table. Be that as it may, when planning vegetable beds, you cannot do without drawing up a plan. Consider the main features of the layout of the garden:

Considering that most vegetables are photophilous, it is necessary to provide them with sufficient light;
Particular attention should be paid to watering the beds. To do this, it is necessary to provide an automatic irrigation system, or simply install containers to collect rainwater;
It is necessary to think over the location of the plantings in such a way that it is convenient to reach the middle of the garden. The optimal width is 1.2 meters;
The distance between the beds should be convenient for movement. As a rule, the width of the tracks is made at least half a meter;
In order not to litter the area with cut tops and leaves, you should think about creating a compost pit.

A garden and a kitchen garden are integral attributes of any suburban area. To break them, you do not need to be an experienced gardener - it is enough to have a minimum knowledge of the issue and, of course, good instructions.

Let's start with the fact that making a garden from scratch is much more difficult, because it will grow not for a year, but for several decades, so many points have to be taken into account. Something, perhaps, will be planted in the wrong place, and years later these mistakes will make themselves felt. For example, a common mistake novice gardeners make is a too deep root neck of seedlings.

The process is quite laborious and consists of several important steps. Let's get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage one. Choose a site

Much attention is paid to the choice of a suitable site - the relief, type of soil, depth of groundwater, degree of protection from wind and others are assessed. important conditions. Thanks to agrochemical analyzes, it is possible to determine the level of soil acidity and the concentration useful substances, which in the future will help with watering, top dressing, as well as liming. Determining the depth of groundwater will allow you to determine the measures to minimize their negative impact. In a word, the laying of the garden should be carried out only after pre-training, and gardeners must be aware of some aspects of land valuation.

Note! Row side events will help to make land unsuitable for trees suitable (for example, drainage).

Relief

Gardens grow best on slopes with a steepness of no more than 8 degrees. The direction of the slope is also important - it should be south, which means warm and well lit. Do not plant a garden in a hollow, because water accumulates there and cold air stagnates.

But the relief of most suburban areas smooth, without depressions and slopes, so you don’t have to choose.

The soil

In fruit trees, as you know, quite powerful root system, which goes deep vertically and spreads widely on the sides. This means that the nutrient medium is required in large volumes. It is for this reason that horticultural crops develop better on powerful soil, which contains the required supply of elements, and is sufficiently (but not too) moistened. In this case, marshy, rocky, strongly podzolized and clayey terrain is completely unsuitable.

As for the subsoil, it should be moisture and breathable.

Apple trees require black soil, sandy loam or soddy soil. It is important that the earth is loose and wet, however, apple trees do not tolerate excess moisture.
Plums need moist and rich nutrients loamy soil. They do not tolerate a lack of moisture and dry air.
Cherries are best planted on not too steep slopes with sandy soil.
Pears will grow best in light loamy soil.

ground water

Terrain with high level groundwater flow is dangerous for garden trees, because plants do not live long in such places. The roots, reaching the water, die due to oxygen deficiency, then the ends of the branches in the crown dry, and later the knots. Plants grow very slowly and soon die.

If it is planned to plant apple trees, then groundwater should be no closer than 2 m. For stone fruits (cherries, cherries, apricots), which have deep roots, this figure is 1.5 m. groundwater may be even smaller.

About satellites of fruit trees

Some forest trees grow in the same conditions as fruit trees. It has been proven that if oak, linden or maple grows well on or near the site, then fruit crops will develop quite successfully. But alder and horsetail testify to the swampiness of the site, which means that it must first be cultivated. Thanks to all these signs, you can find out if the land is suitable for a garden.

Wind protection

Many gardeners know what the wind has on the garden. bad influence. IN winter time it blows snow off the ground, increasing the risk of freezing of the root system. Large snowdrifts along the perimeter destroy the crowns. As for the hot summer winds, they dry out the soil and prevent normal pollination by insects. Young plantings are swayed by the wind, which is why the roots of seedlings take root more slowly. Finally, with a strong gusty wind, not only leaves are torn off and branches are broken, but the trees themselves are falling down.

Harsh winds are especially dangerous in harvest years, when in just a day most of the fruits can fall to the ground. To avoid all this, a windbreak is required - a great way to preserve the crop and protect the plants from damage. For protective plantings, it is best to use fast-growing trees and shrubs, but they will not be effective until several years after planting. Therefore, wind protection should be taken care of at least two to three years before laying the garden. Also, the role of wind protection can play outbuildings, natural hills and nearby forest.

More than others, tree species such as oak, poplar, birch, linden are suitable for wind protection. If shrubs are used, then it is better to give preference to yellow acacia, mountain ash, hazel and wild rose.

Note! There are clear distances at which protective trees and bushes should be placed. For trees, this is about 1-1.2 m (inside the row) and 1.5-2 m (between rows), for shrubs - 0.5-0.7 m and 0.7-1 m, respectively.

Stage two. Plot layout

The land should be used rationally, and for weeds and various pests should not be left. In other words, the site should be densely planted. Fruit crops need light, and their roots need soil nutrition. Moreover, with proper placement, the garden itself will be more attractive.

Before you start learning, you need to plan everything. As a rule, gardeners use the same layouts, which may differ depending on the relief features, climate and the preferences of the gardeners themselves. One such diagram is shown below.

Out of eight to ten apple trees, five should be winter variety, two - summer and two more - autumn. It also provides for the creation of gazebos and recreation areas, planting flower crops.

Note! Pears, apple trees should be planted 5-6x4 m apart, while plums and cherries - somewhere in 3x2.5 m. You can plant undersized representatives of the same varieties between rows of tall crops.

These undersized plants less durable, their fruiting will end by the age of twenty. The crowns are reached full development, they will become too crowded, and you can get rid of the trees.

Stage three. Choice of landing date

In the central regions, it is better to plant a garden in early spring, i.e. until the kidneys swell (this is especially important for cherries). In the south, gardens are usually planted in autumn. More importantly, in the spring, planting should be carried out before the seedlings begin to grow, and in the fall - during leaf fall.

Also note that before digging seedlings, it is necessary to remove the leaves. The fact is that moisture entering the plant evaporates through the leaves, and if they are not removed, then the likelihood of successful survival will decrease. The leaves are removed carefully, while trying not to damage the kidneys.

Stage four. Soil preparation

For getting good harvest deep topsoil is required. As a rule, root systems fruit crops go into the ground to a depth of 0.8 m, which means that the same amount needs to be processed and fertilized. To do this, it is better to use a small plantation plow.

Stage five. Selection of seedlings

They must be purchased from a nursery that is located in the same region as the future garden, otherwise there will be a risk that the plants will not take root. The roots should be branched, long (more than 30 cm), not frostbitten, on the cut - white. Quality seedlings have straight trunks, with smooth bark and no visible defects. Finally, the crown should consist of at least three or four well-developed branches, which are directed in different directions, and without fail with a conductor (i.e., a leading shoot).

As for the age at which trees should be planted, the opinions of gardeners differ. Some plant mature plants (eight or nine years old), which quickly bear fruit, but are quite expensive, and it is quite difficult to plant them. Others buy two- and three-year-olds, which are somewhat behind in terms of fruiting, but are cheaper.

Stage six. Seedling preparation

The procedure consists of two simple steps. Let's consider them.

Step 1. Roots

The largest roots are cut so that the cut area "looks" at the bottom of the pit. To do this, you need to use a garden knife (not a pruner, because it kneads the wood and does not give an even cut). If the seedlings were obtained in the fall, but will be planted in the spring, then after pruning they are immersed in a clay solution and buried in the ground for a while (this will prevent drying).

Step 2. Crown

The length of the roots of dug out seedlings does not exceed 35-40 cm, while most of them (the roots), and this is about 70%, remain in the ground. But the aerial part remains the same, which is why the truncated root system can no longer properly “feed” it. Therefore, the branches in the crown should be cut to about a third of the length.

Note! It is more convenient to cut the branches after planting - so a person can not only see their placement relative to each other, but also do the work with both hands.

Stage six. Digging planting holes

During the first two years after planting, the roots are within landing pit, which means that they use moisture and nutrients from there. Therefore, at first, young plants should be provided with the best conditions for development.

The diameter and shape of the planting pits may vary, but for uniform and proper root development, it is desirable to make round pits tapering down.

Note! There is an opinion that on clay soils, the bottom of the pit should be covered with a sandy "cushion", and on sandy soils - with clay. This is allegedly necessary for water retention. In reality, everything is not so.

Pits under spring planting should be prepared in the fall, while for the autumn - about a month in advance. Moreover, in the first case, before frosts, the pits should be covered with fertilized earth, but not tamped.

Stage seven. Landing

Immediately make a reservation that fall asleep root collars not worth it - when the soil settles, they should be flush with its surface. In principle, landing is the most milestone, it is on it that the yield, survival rate and life expectancy of trees depend. It is quite difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to eliminate the mistakes made here in the future.

The most common mistake is deep landing, which can be discovered only after a few years. Raising a deeply planted tree is difficult, and a novice gardener will definitely not be able to cope with this, moreover, he can even ruin the plant.

Note! If ground water are too close to the surface, then it is impossible to plant plants in pits - instead, mounds of soil are created. For this, the landing sites are first dug up, then mounds of fertilized earth are poured on them (width - 100 cm, height - 45-50 cm). Seedlings are planted on such mounds and tied to wooden pegs.

A few words about the landing board

When the landing sites are marked, and the stakes are ready, you can proceed directly to the digging. In order to avoid violation of straightness, a stake must be driven in the center of each pit.

It is not easy to do this “by eye”, so you can resort to one simple fixture- the so-called landing board. For its manufacture, a board with approximate dimensions of 200x15x2 cm is used. A triangular cutout is made in the middle of one side of this board. Similar cuts are made along the edges, 75 cm from the center, as shown in the images.

Such a board will allow you to install pegs to which seedlings will be tied, exactly in the center of the pits. Next, the plants are tied to pegs as shown below.

After planting, trees need to be looked after, fertilized and watered, but here everything depends on the specific tree species.

Video - Features of caring for fruit trees

Creation of a garden on the site

Ideally, the garden should consist of beds located on sunny place and sheltered from the wind landed from the north fruit trees, as well as comfortable wide paths. Making a garden from scratch is not as difficult as a garden, but you can still encounter certain difficulties. You should start with preliminary preparation.

Stage one. Location selection

A place for a garden must meet certain requirements, let's get acquainted with them.

The garden should be located in a sunny place. It is important that the plants are under the sun for at least six hours a day.
Also, the selected location should not be strong winds or, alternatively, the wind protection described above will be equipped.
The beds should be at least ten meters from trees and buildings.
Finally, the site chosen must be level and elevated.

Note! If the garden is sloping towards the south, then the harvest will be early, while on the northern slope the fruits will ripen later than usual. The western and eastern slopes are also suitable for a vegetable garden.

It is not worth breaking beds in a lowland, because water will accumulate there. If there is no other way out, then you should take care of the system of drainage grooves, and make the beds themselves no lower than 20 cm.

As for lighting, it is not easy to regulate it. The only way is to get rid of the objects shading the garden (with the exception of the north side). That is, trees do not need to be planted. But if they serve as protection from the wind, then it is necessary to at least thin out the crowns so that they do not cast a thick shadow.

Stage two. Planning

In most cases, it comes to the garden only after everything else is ready. There remains only a piece of land on which you need to break the beds.

You should start by making a plan. What should be included in it? First of all, you need to designate the number of beds, as well as determine their shape. It is desirable to make the beds square or rectangular, but if desired, the garden can be divided into sectors. You also need to raise them somewhat (by about 15-20 cm, although the height may be greater) so that when processing plants, you do not put too much pressure on your back. The width of the beds is usually about 80 cm.

In addition, the plan should allocate space for paths (for this, the distance between the beds should be at least 40 cm), as well as small areas for water containers and equipment. Such tanks, by the way, are needed when planting crops that love warm watering. Most of the expenses here are for the arrangement of paths.

Note! Do not use roofing material or slate when delimiting - these materials are released into the soil harmful substances, because of which the crop can be hazardous to health.

Still need space for compost heap where plant and organic waste will be stored. After two years, this waste will rot and serve as good fertilizer.

Stage three. Registration

If there is a lawn in place of future beds, then the selected area must be cultivated. There may be several options, but the most effective (and at the same time expensive) is to cut off the top layer of turf (no more than 3 cm) and then evenly spread the mixture consisting of sand, peat and manure. Then the site is dug up and beds are created. Another option is to dig up the ground so that upper layer went to about 15 cm deep, and in the first year to grow potatoes on it.

The procedure for designing beds is as follows.

Step 1. First, according to the plan drawn up, pegs are driven in around the perimeter of the garden, between which a rope is pulled.

Step 2 Then the soil is prepared by one of the methods described above.

Note! The location of crops must be changed annually, otherwise the crop will become worse over time, and the soil will become unsuitable for growing.

Step 3. The soil is loosened. It needs to be made soft and airy so that the plants sprout easily.

Step 4 The borders of the beds are marked. This can be done using the same pegs and rope, or planted around the perimeter of perennials.

Step 5 At the end, paths are formed. They can be covered with gravel or laid out with tiles (in the second case, the earth is compacted and covered with a layer of sand, after which laying is carried out).

Stage four. planting

After creating beds and paths, you can start planting plants. To avoid any problems in the future, you need to follow the compatibility rules shown in the image below.

That's all. As it turned out, if you do everything right, then it is quite possible to equip a house, a garden and a garden with your own hands. Much more useful information can be found in the video below.

Video - Garden planning and gardening

A beautiful garden design will help you make your garden not only more attractive and convenient, but also more productive. Modern tendencies landscape designers claim that vegetables are as beautiful as flowers and deserve to be the star of our garden. As a result, vegetables grow right next to their decorative relatives - and even crowd them out to take over the functions of the main actor in .
Garden design - old idea which is now experiencing a new birth.

The garden has always been part of decorative design plot in traditional cottage and French gardens.

And now in the best gardens around the world, you will always find gardens that harmoniously combine vegetables, berries and flowers.

Do you want to know how to make Beautiful design vegetable garden?
Simple 8 tricks will help you make it luxurious, filled with warmth and beauty, decorating your beautiful garden.

1. We are planning a place for a garden.

Good garden design starts with thoughtful planning. You must decide what area your garden will be, what vegetables you will grow on it, where your beds will be located.

Your garden will not always be large, more and more summer residents are leaning towards a small garden, which occupies a worthy place in the overall landscape design of the garden.

2. Garden Design - Let the garden be beautiful.

Most people think of long, boring vegetable beds when they think of the word "garden." But this shouldn't be the only option for your garden design.
You can make your garden look as beautiful as your flower beds.

A little advice. It makes sense to test in the first year new form vegetable garden, invented on paper. Life can make its own adjustments and the shape of the beds and their number.

3. Fix the garden design on paper.

Even a small garden requires careful planning.

A pre-designed vegetable garden that you have on paper will help you analyze the performance of your design this season and plan new plant combinations and new beds for future seasons.

4. Make comfortable beds.

Be sure to clearly define each section of your garden. Not only will this give it a neater look, but it will also help you plan your plantings in the next step.
The clear geometric contours of the beds, even in a small space, create a visual accent in landscape design, while creating a sense of order and cleanliness.

If the soil in your area is not ideal, high beds are the easiest way to solve this problem. Vegetables do surprisingly well in this modern setting.
High beds require an investment of time and effort, but all this will return a hundredfold when you realize that your back no longer hurts after the next weeding. Of course, it is not necessary to raise the entire garden above the ground.

Save the high beds for the kitchen garden with greenery and those crops that require the most maintenance. So your forces will be spent with maximum efficiency.

Avoid wide beds. You must have good access to process them.

But long - please. The main thing is that you can freely reach the middle while standing on the track.

Try various options garden design, and choose what is convenient for you.

5. Unusual garden design options.

If you're short on space or aren't planning a full-scale vegetable garden, you can make custom beds almost anywhere in your garden. Try on the site of a small flower bed to make a garden bed with various types greens and tomatoes.

And this miniature garden looks very impressive because of its location.

And this one helps grow more crops per square meter.

6. Choose plants for the garden.

There is no clear answer to the question of placement different cultures in the garden. Too many factors play an important role here and, first of all, your climate zone and soil composition. But there are simple general rules, which should be remembered when planning your landings.

Consider the position and orientation of your site. Plant tall plants so that they do not shade their shorter neighbors.

Consider the lighting and watering conditions of a particular crop. Do not dictate your terms to the plants and grow your favorite plants where you have a place, without taking into account their preferences.
You can always adjust your landing plans to suit the specific conditions of your site. Believe me, there are many plants that will grow with pleasure in your conditions.

Remember to take into account the watering schedule for each bed, so that it does not turn out that plants that require more frequent watering are located in the most inconvenient place for this.

Do not plant the same crop two years in a row in the same place. This depletes the soil, increases the likelihood of plant disease, and reduces yields.

7. Modern garden design

The basic principle of modern garden design is a combination. Abandoning the idea of the usual even beds of one cabbage, next to which there are boring beds of only cucumbers, you can turn your vegetable garden into a work of art.

How often do we pay attention to the beauty of the tops of carrots and beets, or how dotted inclusions of unpretentious marigolds add a beautiful bright accent in the general green array of the garden?
Flowers, located among the greenery of the garden, create sparks of light. They are also a great way to attract beneficial insects. By learning to “draw” with the texture, color and shape of plants in the garden, you can create a real vegetable bed.

And, as in an ordinary flower bed, in the design of your garden you can fully express your imagination, acquire new experience and rejoice in successful finds.

Even a small space in the garden can be filled with a mixture of vegetables and flowers that both complement each other and serve as a winning backdrop for plants in the most vibrant colors.

8. How to combine plants in the garden.

But, of course, you can’t just take and plant everything mixed in the garden. Some cultures go well with each other, and some combinations should be avoided.

In addition, the right neighborhood helps prevent various diseases and scare away some pests. The compatibility table will help you understand this.

9. Design of an ornamental garden.

You can combine not only garden crops with each other. fashion design ornamental garden successfully combines vegetables with flowers.

The traditional rural garden always pleases with a riot of color and texture, in which both flowerbeds and beds are cozily combined. While many vegetables such as tomatoes and Bell pepper, decorative in themselves, adding one or two types of flowers to other types of vegetables can provide the necessary presence of bright colors.

If you like to cook on the grill in the garden, then why not plant the necessary seasonings nearby. This bright mix of vegetables and ornamental grasses will liven up your patio or gazebo.

And the neighborhood of vegetables with flowers will make your beds especially attractive and will not harm your crop at all. So you can create whole compositions of tasty, healthy and beautiful.

Garden design is a living process of interaction with the beauty of nature. Experiment! Something depends on your imagination and your desire, but the plants themselves will tell you something.

Magnificent well-kept garden where only vegetables grow or in vegetables in combination with flowers and ornamental grasses makes any dacha worthy of our admiration. Have you tried experimenting with vegetable garden designs in your garden? Tell us about it in the comments section below!

A correctly drawn up scheme for planting vegetables in the garden and a competent plan for placing crops in the country are one of the main components of spring events. When planning planting garden plants in a summer cottage, it is very important to take into account crop rotation, or the so-called alternation of all grown vegetable crops.

Decorative and classic types of beds

Today, in the conditions of home gardening the arrangement of several types of classical ridges is practiced:

vertical structures allow you to decorate unattractive walls or fences, minimize plant-to-soil contact, reduce the risk of fungal diseases and reduce the growth of weeds. The disadvantages include the limited amount of soil and the need to apply frequent top dressing and irrigation measures. Among other things, such ridges are not suitable for growing perennial crops, capable of freezing in winter period;
deep structures gained particular popularity in last years. Such a ridge is a platform standard sizes represented by soil dug up twice with manure or good compost to a depth of a couple of bayonets of a shovel. Such a bed does not require digging for three to five years, and it is possible to loosen, water, weed and lime the earth from the paths laid along it;

high structures convenient in terms of processing crops of vegetable crops. When arranging, a trench is dug 30-40 cm deep. Branches and paper, as well as plant waste should be placed in the dug trench, after which layers of fertile soil are filled up and lightly tamped. The edging of a high structure can be done with both wooden boards and slate or any other material at hand;
warm designs a bit like high ridges. A ridge is dug up a meter wide and of arbitrary length. A layer of fresh cow dung is laid on the dug up surface, after which fertile land is covered. The surface must be shed abundantly warm water and cover with black polyethylene or nonwoven fabric. Vegetables are planted in specially made slots.

Site planning according to the Mittlider method (video)

Decorative ridges can give originality to a personal plot. A striking example is unusual shape or fences from beautiful materials. You can draw up a plan for the location of such structures online using special programs. Such a computer drawing up of a scheme-plan is within the power of even non-experienced amateur vegetable growers.

Requirements for beds for vegetable crops

When planning vegetable ridges, you need to remember that such structures must be sufficiently dry and even. It is also impossible to allocate areas shaded by trees or buildings for garden ridges. The right bed should be well warmed up by sunshine. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to break the ridges in areas in the direction from north to south. A good result is the arrangement of ridges with low sides that prevent shedding and help retain moisture during irrigation.

On gentle sections of the ridge, it is recommended to break and equip directly across the slope. If there are too large slopes, it is advisable to make special terraces, which are reinforced with wooden planks, logs or sheet slate. Such planting areas allow you to protect the soil and grown plants from strong flood waters or heavy rains.

Currently very popular the following options for the location of garden beds:

geometric arrangement of square, rectangular or elongated ridges in a parallel and perpendicular direction;
radial arrangement on spacious plots with planting garden crops with peculiar rays in a circle;
corner non-standard location;
spiral arrangement or rockeries that can decorate any landscape and are optimally suited for cultivation garden strawberries or other undersized berries.

The shape of vegetable ridges can be completely different. Experienced gardeners prefer to break up a backyard or country cottage area on fairly even, rectangular or square-shaped ridges. To give the garden an original exterior, ridges can be made round, oval, triangular or any other shape. In any case, when planning the location of the ridges, it is necessary to be guided not only by desires and personal preferences, but also take into account the features of the relief.

Scheme for planting vegetables in the garden: basic rules

In the process of choosing a place and a scheme for growing vegetables on a personal plot It is recommended to follow the following rules:

growing dill, lettuce and radish does not have to be done in an ordinary way. Such garden crops are able to give a fairly high yield when planted as a compactor for other vegetables. Such a planting allows you to get an aesthetic design of the garden and significantly saves free space in the backyard;
beets, radishes, turnips, carrots and other root crops can be planted on the sides of the beds. Thus, it is possible to obtain a beautiful frame for other garden crops, without inhibiting their growth and development. In the process of design garden plot crop rotation rules must be taken into account, so the same crop cannot be grown in one place for several years in a row;

as a border design of large ridges, it is allowed to plant such climbing plants like peas, beans or beans. Landing is on north side from the main vegetable crop, which will not allow curly lashes to block sunlight;
under the pumpkin, squash and zucchini, it is best to allocate separate ridges, which is due to the rapid growth of the plant and the spread over almost the entire free space.

It is also very important to observe the distance between crops in a row and the spacing between rows when planting seedlings and sowing.

Mixed plantings: bed layout (video)

Crop rotation in the garden: how to plant vegetables

One of the simplest and most popular solutions for crop rotation in home gardening, is based on the division of vegetable garden crops into several main groups:

leaf group - cabbage, leafy lettuce, green onions, sorrel and spinach;
the fruit group is represented by tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, squash, eggplant and pumpkin;
a group of root crops represented by radishes, beets, carrots, radishes, turnips, potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes;
a group of legumes, represented by beans, beans, lentils,.

Correct alternation such plants in the backyard and garden plot should be carried out as follows:

in the first year, fruits are grown on the first bed, root crops on the second, legumes on the third, leafy on the fourth;
in the second year, fruits are transferred to the fourth bed, root crops - to the first, legumes - to the second, leafy - to the third;
in the third year, root crops are transferred to the fourth bed, and so on.

No less popular is a crop rotation depending on the indicators of the exactingness of garden plants to soil fertility:

high performance exactingness is characteristic of aster, pumpkin and cabbage;
the average degree of exactingness is characteristic of nightshade;
slight exactingness is characteristic of amaranth, amaryllis and umbrella;
legumes are capable of enriching the soil composition.

Nightshade crops are represented by potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and bell pepper. The umbrella or celery category includes dill, carrots and parsley. The most popular amaranth fruits are beets and spinach.. The pumpkin family is represented by cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, watermelons and melons.

Popular cabbages or cruciferous are all types of cabbage, radishes and watercress. Legumes that enrich the soil are peas and beans, while sunflowers belong to the Asteraceae family.

Crop rotation of vegetable crops (video)

Even on small ridges, you can get a decent yield. Proper and timely planning of plantings and crops, as well as compliance with crop rotation, is a prerequisite for obtaining the highest possible and high-quality harvest from household and garden plots that are insignificant in area.

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