Blind area with stretch. Blind area in a private house, types of blind area, how to make a blind area in a private house, we make a blind area at home in stages

Paving around the house

The “paths” familiar to the eye along the perimeter of apartment buildings and private houses are nothing more than blind areas that prevent the destruction of the foundation of the building. The presence of a protective strip is a prerequisite for the operation of any home. Even if the building is located in a dry climate, and the soils on the site are not considered difficult, the blind area must still be present.

It also happens like this: a house is acquired ready-made, but it does not have a protective area around the perimeter. Then you will have to decide on your own how to make a blind area around the house with your own hands, otherwise you will soon have to be puzzled by the repair of the foundation or the basement.

Types of blind areas and their features

Often they talk about the numerous functional advantages of the blind area. However, many of them are contrived. The main function of the blind area around the house is protective.

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands: a blind area, made in accordance with all the rules, creates an excellent water barrier. This means that no precipitation, melting and even partially ground water did not reach the foundation. Thus, at low cost, they increase durability and preserve the integrity of the entire house.

You can, of course, mention the aesthetic properties of the blind area around the house, when a beautifully designed protective strip emphasizes exterior finish walls of the building or organically fits into the local . But this parameter refers more to the individual wishes of the owners.

The blind area around the house implies the presence of two layers:

• bases, which account for the main load in terms of strength and durability;
• coatings responsible for stability and waterproofing.

Any blind area consists of a base (underlying layer) and a coating

Classification is usually carried out according to the second parameter, although the structure of the basis is not a constant value.

The blind area around the house happens:

• sandy;
• turf;
• crushed stone;
• asphalt concrete;
• from reinforced concrete slabs;
• with monolithic concrete coating;
• mixed options.

Mixed options are those that are made from improvised means in compliance with technological features creating offshoots.

Most often, these are combinations of residues floor tiles and concrete.

Blind area around the house: general rules

The protective strip along the perimeter of the building is always created in accordance with certain standards. How to make a blind area around the house, the main three parameters to consider:

• width;
• depth;
• incline.

The width of the blind area varies from 60 cm to a meter or more. There are two determining factors:

• roof overhang;
• additional purpose of the guard band.

30-40 cm are added to the roof overhang and get optimal width blind areas. If in the future it is planned to use this site as a path, path or under a flower bed / lawn, then the width is selected in accordance with these requirements. Also, strict requirements are imposed on blind areas on heaving soils - their width must be at least 0.9 m.

Important!

The depth of the blind area is important for the correct observance of the laying technology. Usually 0.2 meters are allocated to the base and 0.1 meters to upper layer. Naturally, these values ​​are not final and may vary depending on the specifics of the work.

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands

The angle of inclination is a parameter responsible for the rate of moisture draining from the surface of the blind area. The minimum possible value is 1%, but if you decide to correctly make a blind area around the house, then stick to the figure of 5-6%. According to building codes, the slope in any case should not be more than 10%.

Blind area around the house: slope

Also at the stage preparatory work you need to take care of the quality of the trench. Quality refers to the treatment of land with herbicides and the manual removal of large root systems. This is done in order to further avoid the growth of plants through the materials of the blind area and its destruction.

AND last moment regarding the creation of a high-quality blind area - this is the continuity of the protective strip around the entire perimeter.

Having taken into account all these points and having decided on the type of blind area, you can proceed directly to the work.

Sand blind area around the house: simple and high quality

The sand-based protective strip is a simple and inexpensive way creating a blind area. To carry out the work you will need:

• sand;
• shovel;
• - potassium (sodium) silicate;
• boiler;
• watering can;
• hardener - a solution of calcium chloride (5-10%) or sodium silicofluoride (3-7%);
• thick polyethylene film.

The sandy blind area around the house is done as follows:

1. A trench is being prepared with a depth of 0.25 meters of the required width.
2. treated with herbicide.
3. It is covered with sand so that the first layer is at least 0.1 cm. At the same time, it is ensured that the required angle of inclination of the protective strip is maintained.
4. The surface of the sand is compacted.
5. Liquid glass or silicate is prepared for work according to the instructions attached to them.
6. Liquid glass is applied to a layer of compacted sand. It is convenient to use a regular watering can here.
7. A layer of hardener is applied on top.
8. For the second layer of sand, a finer fraction of a homogeneous structure is used.
9. Apply liquid glass and hardener.
10. Close the blind area with a film and leave for several days.

The whole complexity of this technology is working with liquid glass, which usually takes some time to prepare. Otherwise, difficulties do not arise even for inexperienced craftsmen.

Concrete blind area around the house: quality for many years

The area around the perimeter of the house, protected from the weather by a concrete layer - best solutions for those who choose quality and durability. Such a blind area is suitable for any type of soil, including heaving. If performed correctly, it will not require restoration work and additional care measures.

How to make a blind area around a concrete house is not difficult at all, the main thing is to observe the order and density of the layers, and also use only materials recommended for work.

Concrete blind area - a combination of durability and strength

The sequence of operations for laying a concrete blind area:

1. A trench is prepared with a depth of 0.2-.25 m, from the bottom of which the roots of plants are removed and additionally treated with herbicides.
2. The first layer of the base is sand 0.1-0.15 m thick, which should be carefully compacted.
3. The second layer is waterproofing, for example: .
4. The third layer of the base is sand.
5. The fourth layer is crushed stone. It is poured to ground level, that is, the hole made is completely covered.
6. Formwork is prepared with a wall height of about 0.1 m.
7. The formwork is poured to a height of about 7 cm with concrete. To choose better between the brands M200 or M300.
8. Not allowing the concrete to set, lay the reinforcing mesh.
9. The top layer of concrete is poured to the upper edge of the formwork, while creating the desired slope for the blind area.
10. Spend ironing concrete to improve its waterproofing properties. To do this, the surface of only the poured solution is sprinkled with cement and leveled with a trowel.

The concrete blind area around the house requires the mandatory creation of temperature expansion joints that will not allow the concrete to collapse during temperature fluctuations and humidity changes. One expansion joint should pass at the junction of the wall of the house and the blind area, as well as protective bands must be created at intervals of no more than 2.5 meters.

Expansion joints cross the concrete blind area every 2-2.5 meters, and also pass along the perimeter of the building

As a barrier, any of the following materials are laid between concrete sections:

• oiled wooden bars;
• flexible vinyl tapes;
• ruberoid;
• damper tape or other equivalent.

You can create expansion joints using liquid formulations. To do this, in the process of work, gaps about 20 mm thick are left, which are subsequently filled with liquid glass or concrete.

In addition, it is for this type of protective perimeter professional builders it is recommended to carry out reinforced adhesion of the foundation and the blind area. To do this, make recesses in the wall with a perforator in such a way that when pouring concrete, approximately 0.3-0.35 m into the wall. A more reliable grip is provided by pieces of reinforcement, which are driven into the strobe made and concreted in the main layer of the blind area.

Blind areas made of clay, crushed stone and other materials

Protective perimeters made of sand and concrete are the most popular, but other technological solutions are not uncommon.

A crushed stone blind area is created from a sequence of layers:

• clay - 0.1-0.15 m;
• waterproofing material;
• coarse sand - 0.1-0.15 m;
• geotextile;
• rubble.

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands from paving slabs:

The sequence of layers is the same, but there is a feature. To heavy stones paving slabs did not slide down the slope, the perimeter of the blind area will need to be laid out with a curb stone or something similar to it.

The created border is mounted in a concrete lock to avoid deformation of the "fence" under the weight of the main finish.

You can experiment with "soft" solutions. The simplest blind area around a house of this type is done according to the following scheme:

1. In a trench dug under a slope, it fits .
2. Part of the earth is poured back.
3. The surface layer is made of pebbles or gravel.

Combinations of techniques are also possible to achieve an optimal aesthetic and functional effect.

The most important thing is that all the work is quite simple to carry out independently. After all, it does not require special professionalism, special equipment or certain skills. All that the masters need is 2-4 days of free time and the desire to make a high-quality and inexpensive blind area around the house.

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands in short time? The blind area is carried out in two layers - the underlying layer and the overlap. The underlayment is required to obtain a compacted level base for laying the pavement. This layer is made of crushed stone, sand, carving or clay. The last option is considered the best.

Underlayment material selected depending on coverage. Thickness - from 20 to 30 centimeters.

The cover must be waterproof. It is made of paving slabs, concrete, clay, small cobblestones and asphalt. It happens that the blind area is made from a mixture of clay and sand, or clay with rubble. Thickness - from 5 to 15 centimeters.

Types of blind area

There are several types of blind area, depending on the material used in the manufacture:

• concrete;
• cobblestone;
• from concrete slabs;
• ground;
• brick;
• asphalt.

Work performance technology

How to make a blind area around the house with your own hands? You should start with excavation. A trench is dug around the perimeter of the building, its depth should be approximately 30 cm.

The integrity of the blind area can be disturbed by the roots of plants, so the soil should first be treated with herbicides. Then, a removable formwork is placed along the width of the blind area or curbstone. Under a slope in the trench, the underlying layer is laid.

Laying concrete pavement

Concrete construction is the most common type of coating.

It is worth noting that in severe frosts, the blind area can fail. To prevent this from happening, rails are mounted on the edge across the blind area every 3 meters, they must be treated with bitumen in advance. Next, the solution is poured with concrete and leveled.

Concrete reinforcement helps to increase the operational life of the blind area. In this case, concrete performs work in compression, and metal in tension. A metal crate is installed in increments of 100 by 100 millimeters. Further along the level, cement mortar is poured.

The finished surface is covered with dry concrete and leveled. Then it is covered with a dark film and left for a week, periodically watered.

How to inexpensively make a blind area around the house? If there is a desire to reduce costs, it is worth giving preference to the blind area of ​​reinforced slabs. Their shape is chosen depending on the structural features of the roof and the characteristics of the site. The best option is plates of 60x60 centimeters.

When using ready-made slabs as a coating, the work becomes much easier. After laying them on a pre-prepared surface, the seams are filled with mortar. If this is necessary, the blind area is insulated with heat-insulating materials.

The construction of insulation and slab is placed in such a way that there is an air cushion under it. As a basis for it, bitumen-impregnated and carefully compacted crushed stone serves.

Slope and Width

When erecting a blind area, it is necessary to observe the required slope and width.

In subsiding soil width can be more than 1 meter, on average it is 80 centimeters. At the same time, it should be 20 centimeters larger than the overhang of the eaves.

Slope from the wall building and up to the storm drain should reach approximately 5 °. A storm drain is a groove along the perimeter of the blind area, necessary for drainage. Instead, you can build a channel that collects water in a storm well.

Waterproofing and insulation

In the event that your house has a basement or basement, it is necessary to waterproof and insulate the blind area. Waterproofing materials suitable for this purpose are bituminous mixtures, PVC and polyethylene films, ruberoid.

under waterproofing layer insulation is installed on the ground.

It can be expanded polystyrene, foam glass and other materials.

The main functions of the blind area

• practical function. If the blind area will act as a pedestrian zone, then it should be performed taking into account the characteristics of the object and design loads.
• Protective function. A high-quality blind area reliably protects the foundation of the building from melt water, precipitation, and deformation. It transports water a sufficient distance from the foundation.
• decorative function. The blind area is a logical continuation of the building. The finishing layer is selected taking into account the style of the house and decoration landscape design.
• Warming. Thermal insulation properties buildings, if there is a blind area with an insulation structure, rise.

In order to blind area in in full fulfilled its purpose you have to follow some rules:

1. The slope is formed both during the laying of the coating and during the installation of the underlying layer.
2. Pay attention to the junction of the wall of the house and the blind area. There should be an expansion joint. The best result is obtained with two layers of special sealant or roofing felt and sealant.
3. The blind area should be performed around the entire house continuously. Only in this case the base will be reliably protected.
4. Most cheap option for covering - crushed stone, laid with tamping. The most reliable is pouring compacted rubble with cement mortar.

So the construction correct blind area around the house with my own hands under the power of everyone.

However, before starting work, should decide on the type of blind area It depends on what materials you need. Do not forget about observing the width and slope. If the building has a basement or basement, insulation and waterproofing will be required.

17.03.2016 2 Comments

The foundation of any home is the foundation. The durability of the building depends on its strength, so this structural element needs protection. And it can be threatened by moisture entering the soil along with precipitation and flood waters. They are required to protect the foundation of each house. And the blind area can help with this.

In contact with

classmates

Markup first

Before you make a blind area of ​​concrete, which is the most common building material for these structures, you should mark the area around the house. The minimum width of the blind area is 60 cm. But it is worth remembering that the strip width must be greater than the roof overhang.. The difference in this case should be 20 cm so that falling drops of water do not fall on open ground, and were extinguished by a blind area made of concrete and went further from the foundation.

• Roulette;
• Stakes;
• Lace.

The width is taken from the corner parts of the foundation and pins are driven in at these places, the role of which can be played by metal fittings or wooden cuttings. As soon as the entire perimeter has been passed, a lace is pulled, marking the place of excavation for the device concrete blind area. And a new stage of work begins.

Excavation

Excavation for a blind area from concrete is carried out only manually. You need to dig to the depth of the fertile land. If this layer is small, then at least 40 cm is removed in order to be able to place layers of sand and crushed stone pillows and a concrete strip. The soil should be taken away and distributed over the site, as it will no longer be needed.

The base of the future blind area made of concrete should be even. A layer of geotextile should be laid on it so that the roots of plants remaining in the ground cannot germinate and eventually damage the hydraulic structure. The material is distributed over the entire area of ​​the trench with an overlap on the foundation and the opposite side.

As soon as the trench is fully prepared, it is necessary to backfill and tamp building sand and granite or limestone rubble. It is important to remember that no impurities should be present in the pillows, which can significantly reduce the quality of the work done. The sand is sifted before use, freeing it from any inclusions. But the crushed stone is cleaned under the usual visual control.

The thickness of the backfill ranges from 15 to 20 cm. The materials should be laid in small portions. Wherein each layer must be rammed. For this, an electric professional tool or a simple wooden "churak", that is, a piece of log or timber with a handle.

An alternative option for compacting a sandy base is to use water. Evenly distributing the flow, you need to strongly moisten the pillow. Water will begin to seep into the sand, helping these small particles to fit closer to each other.

After the stage where sand and gravel pillows were backfilled, reinforcement is required so that the concrete pavement around the house with your own hands does not become covered with a huge number of cracks after a couple of years. But fastening with reinforcing bars will avoid trouble. In addition, the metal will give the blind area rigidity, which will positively affect the durability of the structure.

To work, you need a metal bar (smooth or notched), with a diameter of 8 to 16 mm. A reinforcing mesh is also used, which is laid in a trench with subsequent pouring. If a bar is used, then it is distributed perpendicular to each other, forming cells ranging in size from 10 to 20 cm. The reinforcement is fastened using a knitting wire, previously cut into equal segments of 30 cm.

As soon as these works are completed around the entire perimeter of the house, you can proceed to the installation of formwork. In order to make the concrete blind area much easier, it is better to use edged board. The width of the material will depend on the height of the fill, as in some cases it is allowed to raise the level when further work is planned on the landscape of the site. The optimal thickness of the blind area made of concrete is 10-15 centimeters.

Boards are installed with wooden stakes, to which they can be nailed. During the arrangement of the formwork, a building level should be used. It will be required to maintain the horizontal position of the blind area or the slope device for better water drainage. It is equally important to install special inserts to separate the solid concrete strip of the blind area. This is required to eliminate future kinks from temperature differences.

After completing all the preparatory work, you can start cooking concrete mix. To do this, it is worth using a mortar mixer with an electric motor so that the process goes faster and the resulting solution has high quality. The durability and strength that the concrete pavement around the house will have depends on this.

To prepare the concrete mix, sifted building sand and crushed stone of small fraction. It is this that allows you to get a smooth surface on which you can move freely like a track. Portland cement grade 400 or 500 is required as a binder. Special attention must be given the date of manufacture of this building material. The fact is that cement has the ability to reduce its own qualities and characteristics over time. That's why for work, you should choose the material from the date of manufacture, which, more than a month has not passed.

The mixture for the blind area around the concrete house is kneaded on clean water. The temperature of the liquid should correspond to room temperature, that is, not be too warm or cold. First, water is poured into the mixer, then crushed stone is added, and only then cement can be poured. This allows you to get a uniform mixing of the binder, which contributes to the production of better concrete. When the cement is finally distributed throughout the mixture, sand can be added.

The composition of the mixture by different specialists is determined from the following calculation:

• Cement one piece;
• Sand three parts;
• Rubble five parts.

Water is added until the desired consistency is obtained, which should resemble sour cream. This is the only way to get a quality mixture that is convenient for leveling and styling. The resulting brand of concrete depends entirely on the cement used. So, to get M250 concrete, you need to use M400 cement. But the binder with the brand M500 allows you to get concrete M350. The proportions of the material should not change.

The prepared concrete is evenly placed in the prepared blind area. This is done with buckets or directly from the agitator when it is possible to place it right next to the formwork. Each portion of concrete after unloading is subjected to leveling and vibration. This allows all air bubbles to be expelled from the concrete, which will make it much stronger.

An ordinary wooden block can serve as a vibrator, which produces translational movements. Once this is done, you should proceed to the process of leveling the concrete. To do this, you need a metal rule. This tool allows you to get a flat surface with smoothness and uniformity. Thanks to him, the same thickness of the concrete blind area is obtained, which is also important.

If the formwork was done correctly, then there will be no problems with the slope of the structure. But it still needs to be checked. The slope of the blind area should not be more than 15 mm per meter of width. This is the only way to get an additional path around the house, along which water will flow freely into the territory of the site. If you wish to divert the liquid to one place, a gutter is launched along the perimeter of the blind area. During rain, water will flow into it and go to storm sewer or in a special ditch.

The laid rails at the formwork stage, which are responsible for the formation of expansion joints, should be pulled out after pouring the concrete. This measure avoids the subsequent decay of the tree and the filling of these technological cavities with various debris. But you don't need to leave them empty either. Therefore, the most effective solution would be to fill the joints with a special sealant. It will not prevent the expansion of the concrete surface, and will also make the technological cavities more attractive in appearance.

The distance between expansion joints is also important. It should not be too large, but it is also not recommended to grind. The optimal distance is 2 meters, which eliminates the formation of cracks with subsequent destruction during the expansion and narrowing of the concrete blind area.

Protective Measures After Concrete Placement

When the concrete mixture is finally laid, the blind area should be covered with plywood or chipboard shields. It is allowed to use slate sheets that are leaned against the wall of the house. This measure allows you to protect fresh concrete from the effects of precipitation, such as rain. Also, such protection will not allow moisture to quickly leave the solution, which can lead to the formation of cracks.

What is the difference between the correct blind area of ​​​​concrete? The strength and strength of the upper layer, on which the water collected on the roof of the house falls. To ensure these qualities apply:

• cement milk;
• Liquid glass;
• Primers and enamels;
• Ceramic tiles and natural stone.

The most common method of protection is the ironing of concrete. For this, dry cement or prepared milk based on it is used. After the processing process, the thinnest layer is formed on the surface, capable of withstanding any effect of precipitation and temperature. This makes the blind area hardy and durable.

Coating concrete with a primer or enamel is also aimed at achieving protective properties and improving the performance of the resulting structure. For this, water repellents are used that penetrate deep into the frozen blind area, providing it with water-repellent properties. Compared to ironing, this method is somewhat more expensive, so it is less common among owners. country houses, although quite effective.

An alternative to priming concrete is to coat it with a mixture of water glass and cement. This composition somewhat resembles the usual ironing of the surface, but provides the blind area with more high performance resistance to water and other precipitation. Liquid glass is responsible for this in the mixture, which increases the water-repellent properties of the surface and makes it more airtight.

Usage ceramic tiles And natural stone for facing the surface of the blind area allows you to perform two tasks at once:

• Improvement of protective properties;
• Decorative design of the area around the house.

When planning the future landscape design of the site, this method can perfectly fit the house located on it. Many designers use this solution to create smooth transition from the building to the ground. The qualities of ceramics or natural stone make it possible to ensure long-term operation of the blind area, even in cases where frequent movement of people living in the house takes place along it.

Laying of all elements is carried out directly after laying and leveling the concrete. The building level will help to check the evenness and horizontality of the resulting cladding layer. The only unpleasant moment is that due to the dense coating concrete base it will take longer to dry, which will delay the start of its operation. As for the rest this decision may be considered the best option design of the blind area around any building.

Step-by-step video review of the construction of a concrete pavement

In contact with

After the completion of the construction of any house, it is necessary to make a blind area. Let's look at how to fill the blind area, and analyze the methods of its construction. Much has been devoted to this topic. guidelines, which anyone who decides to start arranging the blind area can get acquainted with.

Our today's conversation is devoted to one of the most common types - pouring concrete pavement.

How to fill the blind area with your own hands?

We begin work with the preparation of a trench, which will be located along the perimeter of the entire foundation of the building. Excavation is carried out based on the length of the overhang of the roof eaves with an indent of 20-30 cm, however, it should be borne in mind that the width of the blind area should not be less than 60 cm if it is built on normal soil, at least 100 cm on subsidence soil.

At the next stage of arranging the blind area, you need to start laying the underlying layer. For this, clay is used, a pillow from it should be 10-15 cm. .

The last layer is crushed stone or gravel. In this case, this material will play the role of drainage in case moisture gets under the blind area due to improper filling.

To give greater strength, it is necessary to reinforce our structure. For this, a grid with a cell of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm is used.

The final stage of the blind area is the pouring of concrete, with a layer of at least 10 cm. This is the most important and crucial moment, when pouring, you need to remember some of the nuances.

blind area filling rules

1. No way you should not make a blind area of ​​\u200b\u200ba monolithic structure. Even if all work on the insulation of the blind area is carried out in accordance with all the rules, under the influence of temperature differences, the soil under it can swell. Which sooner or later will lead to cracking of the blind area. In order to avoid this, it is recommended to make a horizontal damper or temperature joint at the points of its joining with the foundation, the width of which will be 1-2 cm. It is made of a damper tape or polyurethane sealant. Ordinary 10-20 mm boards are also suitable as a material for transverse seams. They are placed on edge, and before that they are coated with bitumen. The waterproofing layer, if the foundation is waterproofed, is led out to the outer edge of the blind area.

2. In addition it is necessary to make reinforcement of the blind area This will give it a longer service life. Before the start of pouring the blind area, a frame of connected reinforcement bars is laid in the trench or metal grid cells, which are 10 × 10 cm in size. Metal carcass is laid in sections formed after laying the transverse seams at an equal distance from the edges of the blind area. In addition, the frame must be raised above the pillow, for which brick fragments and other improvised material are used.

3. After filling is completed, not dried concrete must be ironed, that is, sprinkle it with a layer of 3-5 mm with dry cement and rub it with a trowel. This will give the blind area additional strength and moisture resistance.

4. Do not allow solution to dry quickly., for this, the blind area is covered with wet burlap or rags, which periodically need to be moistened with water. The gradual drying of the cement will give it greater strength.

The durability of a building depends on the condition of the foundation, the health of which is determined by reliable and efficient drainage surface water from home at any time. This task is performed by the blind area, which primarily has a protective function. One of the most common and affordable is the technology for arranging a concrete blind area around the building. Its correct design, created by oneself, will effectively perform the functions long years.

What does it represent?

The blind area is an external plinth waterproof concrete structure in the form of a continuous path along the perimeter of the building, which has an inclination from the wall towards the surrounding terrain adjoining plot. Its arrangement involves a dense, but movable connection to the basement of the house.

The structure is a layered "pie" of materials that together keep the foundation dry. The basis of such protection is in proportion: a compacted even underlying layer of sand (crushed stone, clay), waterproofing and coating - concrete, which ensures the waterproofness of the structure.

Functions performed

A properly equipped blind area ensures longevity of the structure, preventing the destruction of the foundation and structures of the house by moisture from precipitation and melt water. A do-it-yourself blind area without concrete is a temporary measure that does not solve the whole range of tasks of such a design.

The main function of the correct blind area is to divert and transport water a sufficient distance from the foundation to the side to the lowest place on the site or to the storm sewer.

In addition to the function of a horizontal hydraulic barrier, the blind area (especially insulated) reduces the freezing of the soil around the house, which reduces the likelihood of swelling (lifting), and also reduces the thermal conductivity of the building. A blind area without concrete does not prevent periodic soil moisture close to the foundation and, as a result, harmful effects, which can be applied to it by the hard roots of plants. Protective device also gives the building an aesthetically finished look and can be used as footpath.

Blind area requirements and device rules

Scheme of the construction device using reinforced concrete.

Girdle protective structure should have the same width, the value of which is 20 - 30 cm greater than the projection of the roof cornice beyond the wall of the building. It is generally accepted that it is about 1 m (or more on subsiding soils). The blind area is deepened no more than half the depth of soil freezing in the area. The thickness of the concrete pavement is selected in the range of 7 - 10 cm (up to 15 cm if used as a track).

The recommended coating slope is 92 - 94 degrees relative to the wall of the building (or 10 - 100 mm per 1 meter of blind area width). The height of the basement above the blind area at the junction of the structure is set at 50 cm. Its outer lower edge should be raised about 50 mm above ground level, which prevents water from accumulating at the edge. The technology for creating a structure assumes the possibility of its integral movement following the deformations of the soil relative to the foundation, which provides a wall.

How to make a blind area?

Marking is done on the ground, removed fertile layer earth. The underlying (clay) is laid. Geotextiles are laid (for example, roofing material). Formwork is formed taking into account expansion joints. The area is reinforced. Concrete for the blind area is prepared in the correct proportion and poured into the formwork. The surface of the coating is displayed with the selected slope along the edge of the formwork and leveled. The concrete is given time to dry.

Preparation of tools and materials

The markup quality is checked building level.

For earthworks you will need shovels, a pick, twine, tape measure, rammer, pegs. The required amount of geotextile (waterproof film) for the water seal should be calculated. Needed in the right amount and the proportions of the components for mixing concrete (washed sand, water, gravel, crushed stone fractions of 5 - 10 mm, cement) or (for example, grade M400 and higher). The tools also include a mixer (container) for the formation of a solution, buckets, carts (stretchers), a measuring bucket. The laying of the underlying layer must be provided in abundance with sand (clay).

The formwork is formed from boards, but a hacksaw, level, nails, hammer are also useful. (steel wire), which should be delivered. Will need welding machine, a tool for cutting pieces of rebar. Concrete laying and leveling will help long rule, trowel, spatulas. The device of seams will require a polyurethane sealant.

A trench is marked around the house with pegs and a tow line. The level of adjoining the blind area to the basement is marked with beacons in increments of 1.5 m. Layer fertile soil is removed around the building, taking into account the layout of the surrounding surface. The bottom of the trench is compacted and leveled with an already formed slope (herbicides can be applied). The depth of the excerpt can be up to 500 mm (on heaving soils).

Creation and compaction of the sand cushion

Do-it-yourself trench bottom is lined with sand, the surface of which is also profiled with a slope. The material is abundantly moistened and rammed. The operation should be repeated at least two times. The layer thickness can be up to 20 cm. Its surface is carefully leveled.

Use of roll waterproofing materials for blind area.

Its device involves laying two layers of waterproofing (for example, roofing felt) on a sandy substrate, which are slightly wrapped on the wall to create an expansion joint. At the joints, the material is overlapped. Further, the geotextile is covered over thin layer sand, and then gravel (about 10 cm thick) with a slope of the upper layer and rammed. Close to such a water seal, it is advisable to place drainage system.

Formwork creation

Removable wooden form protects the place of pouring concrete. It is reinforced with strong pegs with outer side. The form provides for transverse expansion joints (every 2 - 2.5 m), which are installed, among other things, at the corners of the formwork diagonally. Their tightness is formed by wooden blocks (butyl rubber tapes) placed on the edge, impregnated with oil and covered with bitumen.

The edges of the form must be even for the rule to apply. The difference in its height should correspond to the slope of the blind area. The height of the formwork corresponds to the thickness of the concrete. The expansion joint at the wall (width 10 - 20 mm) is filled with roofing material (hydro-swellable cord).

Reinforcement and pouring

The process of pouring the blind area of ​​the house with concrete.

A metal mesh 50x50 (100x100) mm is used, which can be linked to pieces of reinforcement hammered into the base in increments of 0.75 m. The mesh rises 30 mm above the level of crushed stone. Concrete is kneaded and poured with your own hands in portions in the formwork section to the level of its upper edge.

There must be no air pockets in the concrete. Correct Proportions concrete mix for the blind area for frost resistance must comply. The composition of concrete for the blind area is traditional (the corresponding grade is from M400 and above). To the solution in proportion, you can add components that increase strength, durability.