Achievement of the Belarusian science of the 21st century. Achievements of Belarusian science in recent years

A team of scientists conducted fundamental research and development of a small-sized mobile supercomputer for processing large amounts of data and solving problems of high-precision modeling and design.

2. Protection for microelectronics

The team of this center has developed and synthesized composite and nanostructured magnetic materials that provide high functional microwave characteristics and protection of microelectronic products from destabilizing external influences.

3. New discoveries for nuclear energy

The employees of the Institute have created methods and programs for calculating the optical cross sections of atomic nuclei with guaranteed accuracy. They are used in solving scientific and engineering problems of nuclear energy.

4. Step to victory over tuberculosis

Scientists have established a molecular mechanism for suppressing human immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is planned to be used to create a new generation of anti-TB drugs.

5. Indicator of resistance to oxidative stress

A new universal indicator of antioxidant potential has been discovered for diagnosing human resistance to oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is a condition in which there are too many free radicals in the body. The destructive effect of excessive concentrations of free radicals is to accelerate the aging process of the body, provoking inflammatory processes in muscle, connective and other tissues, and improper functioning of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems.

6. Brain Protection in Stroke

The mechanism of disturbances in synaptic transmission in animal neurons during hypoxia was established. Correction of these disorders helps to protect the brain from damage in ischemic stroke.

7. New generation plant protection

The team of authors discovered and inactivated genes regulating the biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites in bacteria. This allows you to significantly increase the production of target biologically active compounds and create a new generation of plant protection products.

8. High-tech fertilizers

Scientists have created a microbial composition that combines the properties of biofertilizers, growth regulator and biofungicide.

9. Complete linguistic reference book of the Belarusian language

A methodology was developed for converting an electronic spelling of Belarusian words into transcription and the first complete Belarusian linguistic reference book was created.

10. Unique Polissya settlements

Scientists have discovered Slavic settlements unique for the world historical science in Polissya, and also revealed the process of formation and development of the early Slavic society on the territory of Belarus.

The Academy of Sciences has identified the top 10 results in the field of basic research for 2016. The top ten included studies in history, microbiology and optics.

1. Localization of states of light

A new method for localizing quantum states of light based on a limited number of so-called reconstruction measurements. The method allows efficient quantum tomography of light.

2. New type of light fields

Institute of Physics. B.I. Stepanova

Prediction and implementation of a new type of light fields - tunable Airy laser beams, which have the property of self-reconstruction of the profile when propagating in scattering and inhomogeneous media. Such beams are necessary for delivering light energy over long distances compared to conventional (Gaussian) beams.

3. Image analysis against breast cancer

Joint Institute for Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

A new method for analyzing complex large-sized images based on deep learning information technologies. As Academician Sergei Kilin, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, explained, commenting on the result, the method made it possible to develop a highly efficient method for the automatic analysis of histological images, which determine the presence of breast cancer at an early stage of the disease.

The team of authors, participating in the 2016 International competitions TUPAC16 and CAMELYON16, dedicated to the problem of automated diagnosis of breast cancer, in which more than 100 professional teams from around the world participated, entered the top four in the nomination "Proliferation index prediction based on mitosis count", ahead of the teams universities in the USA, Germany, Great Britain, etc.

4. Unique materials for space

SNPO "Powder Metallurgy"

The mechanisms of mass transfer in the sintering of silicon and carbon with nanoadditives have been established, which make it possible to form lightweight structural elements from a composite based on silicon carbide ceramics with unique mechanical and thermophysical properties (layer-by-layer identity of the coefficients of thermal linear expansion and thermal deformation). This result is aimed at creating large-sized astronomical mirrors for use in outer space.

5. New generation solar cell materials

SNPO "SPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Materials Science" together with physicists

Stimulated and laser radiation has been detected in multicomponent direct-gap semiconductors, and the mechanism of radiative recombination leading to their appearance in film structures designed to create new generation solar cells has been established.

6. Slowdown of "pathological" reactions

Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Deuterium-modified amino, nucleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been synthesized, which have the effect of significantly slowing down biochemical reactions that cause various pathologies. The effect is realized when hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium in certain places of biomolecules that are unstable to oxidation. The obtained compounds are promising for the creation of a new generation of drugs.

7. Step towards nerve cell regeneration

Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Fundamentally important results have been obtained for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodestructive pathologies, including genetic modification using dendromeres of nervous tissue cells with the aim of overproduction of neurotrophic factor in them, which stimulates the restoration of the peripheral nerve, and the use of recombinant human lactoferrin. The result obtained shows ways to solve the most complicated problem of nerve cell regeneration.

8. Glucose oxidase modulators

Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Chemical compounds - modulators (isopropanol, ethanol, choline chloride) were discovered for the first time, significantly accelerating the production of the glucose oxidase enzyme by microorganisms, which serves as the basis for creating an effective thermostable drug with increased catalytic activity used in bioelectronic devices.

9. Unique monument of the Viking Age

Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

An archaeological complex was discovered and studied: Cordon of the Vitebsk Dvina - a monument of the Viking Age (VIII-X centuries), unique for Eastern Europe. The materials of the complex prove the participation of the Varangians in the development of the trade and economic potential of the region, reveal its extensive international ties and the leading role in the formation of the Dnieper-Lovatsky segment of the route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" at an early stage (IX - the middle of the X centuries) of the formation of state structures in the eastern Slavs.

10. Reproduction of rye "in vitro"

Scientists of the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for agriculture

A unique technology for obtaining regenerants has been developed and tested in vitro("in vitro") from the anthers of rye - an agricultural crop that is difficult to regenerate on an artificial nutrient medium. The creation of doubled haploids (DH-lines) makes it possible to halve the time for obtaining homozygous forms of rye as parental components and speed up breeding.

Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences Vladimir Gusakov told journalists on December 22 about the main achievements of Belarusian scientists in the Year of Science.

The most significant achievements of Belarusian science, which were discussed at the Second Congress of Scientists, include the development of a portable supercomputer that performs up to 20 trillion operations per second and is 2.5 times more powerful than the original SKIF supercomputer, but much smaller. BELTA.

An important event was the development of an electric car and small personal electric transport, work on its own energy storage device. “We are working on improving the electric car. I think next year we will be able to position it as our integrated Belarusian development,” said Vladimir Gusakov.

The Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences highlighted the creation of the Belarusian national system of identification, labeling and tracking of goods and vehicles, which makes it possible to avoid falsification of goods, the development of the doctrine of food security until 2030 as the basic document for the development of the agro-industrial complex, DNA certification of a person, which makes it possible to edit the gene mechanism and proceed to personalized medicine, including the use of stem cells.

Among the achievements of domestic scientists is the creation of a series of highly effective drugs, new varieties of agricultural plants, machines for the agro-industrial complex. Belarusian scientists were engaged in space research and began work on a new spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth.

The discovery of world significance - the most ancient settlements of the Slavs were found in the Zhitkovichi district of the Gomel region.

“A number of scientific studies have produced results that are world-famous. These are artificial diamonds, highly effective vitamin preparations, chemical and biochemical substances, microbiological preparations, and others. The developments of Belarusian scientists in the field of laser and plasma technologies, optical and laser devices, are known far beyond the borders of the country. new materials with special properties," said Vladimir Gusakov.

As a reminder, this week the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus summed up the results of the competition for awards of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in 2017. Based on the decisions of the Prize Commission of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, it was decided to award 7 prizes of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus: three prizes in the field of physics, mathematics, computer science and physical and technical sciences: three prizes in the field of biology, chemistry, medicine, agricultural sciences and earth sciences; one award in the humanities and social sciences. The amount of the premium is 250 base units.

Belarus is rightfully proud of both scientists and scientists. will tell what famous scientists, figures of science and culture,glorified our country and not only.

Ignat Domeiko (1802 - 1889)

Place of birth: Novogrudok city, Grodno region

Area of ​​research: geology, mineralogy,, ethnology

Belarusian by origin, who became the national hero of Chile. A man with an active civic position and an unsurpassed scientist. One of the best graduates of Vilna University. Member of the secret society of Philomaths["lovers of science" - approx. ed.]. After participating in the uprising of 1830-1831, he was forced to emigrate to France. There he graduated from a mining school and received a diploma in mining. , after which he left to work on an invitation to Chile, where his potential as a research scientist was revealed.

Geology, mineralogy, , ethnology - in all these areas there are valuable works. During his lifetime, he gained fame as a world-famous scientist, this is confirmed by participation in many scientific societies in Europe. For many years, Ignat Domeiko was the rector of the University of Chile. Organized a meteorological service in Santiago de Chile.

In 2002, the 200th anniversary of the birth of our countryman was celebrated, in memory of his merits, UNESCO named this year the name of an outstanding philomath

Ivan Chersky (1845 - 1892)

Place of birth: Svolna estate, Vitebsk province

Research area: geography, geology, geomorphology, paleontology

The explorer of Siberia comes from Belarus.A number of geographical objects are named after the famous scientist. He compiled a map of Lake Baikal, which was presented at the International Geographical Congress in Venice and was awarded a small gold medal. He received an excellent education at home, his mother was engaged in his training. At the time of entering the Vilna Gymnasium, he knew French, German, English and Latin, played the piano, and drew. When Chersky was 15 years old, he entered the Vilna Government Institute.

How did he end up in Siberia? For participation in the uprising of 1863 under the leadership of Kalinovsky, he was exiled to Siberia for life, deprived of his noble title, and his family estate was confiscated. Already in exile, he met geographers and geologists, who instilled an interest in nature and thus helped the young scientist to reveal his talent.

Geological map of Chersky showing Lake Baikal

Nikolai Sudzilovsky (Nikola Roussel) (1850 - 1930)

Place of birth: city of Mogilev

Field of study: ethnography, geography, chemistry and biology

A native of the Mogilev region, who became the first president of the Senate of the Hawaiian Islands, and also a famous scientist. He graduated from the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, but was expelled for participating in student unrest. Then he entered the medical faculty of Kiev University. This was the beginning of the medical future, which in the future brought world fame to our compatriot.

An innate sense of justice did not allow him to remain aloof from ongoing events, wherever he was. Under the pseudonym Nikolai Roussel participated in the uprising of the Bulgarians against the Turks. Arriving in the Hawaiian Islands, he supported democratic reforms - at that time Hawaii was a kingdom. He successfully combined social and scientific activities. He left behind geographical descriptions of Hawaii and the Philippines. The well-known scientist of Belarus became a member of the American Society of Genetics.

Nikolai Sudzilovsky spoke eight European languages

Alexander Chizhevsky (1897 - 1964)

Place of birth: Grodno province

Field of study: biophysics, philosophy, poetry

The famous researcher of the biological impact of the Sun and the Universe on people. He studied the coincidence of periods of solar activity with outbreaks of wars in the history of mankind.Alexander Chizhevsky was multi-talented: the founder of space science and heliobiology, philosopher, poet, artist, and honorary professor at universities in Europe, Asia and America.

The story of the life of a scientist was dedicated to the Soviet scientific documentary film "Prisoner of the Sun"

Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850 - 1891)

Place of birth: Polibino estate, Vitebsk province

Field of study: mathematics, mechanics and astronomy

The world's first female professor of mathematics. Interest in the queen of sciences from an early age grew into a matter of life. Young Sophia wanted to study her favorite science at the university, but the rules of that time did not allow a woman to receive higher education. And in order to go to study at a foreign university, you needed the permission of your father or husband. Sophia's father did not give his consent, then at the age of 18 the girl entered into a fictitious marriage with a young scientist Kovalevsky. The adventure ended with a happy ending: over time, a fictitious marriage grew into a real family, and Ms. Kovalevskaya became a world famous mathematician.She devoted many works to mathematical analysis, mechanics, and astronomy.

Sofya Kovalevskaya was also endowed with a gift for writing: she wrote two stories - " The Nihilist" and "Childhood Memories"

Pavel Sukhoi (1895 - 1975)

Place of Birth: city ​​of Glubokoe, Vitebsk region

Vitebsk residents became famous not only for the flight of the artistic word, but also for their design ideas. Pavel Sukhoi is rightfully considered the star of the Belarusian technical science. While studying at the Imperial School, he was engaged in the development of an aircraft, met and communicated with pilots, whose stories about the flight inspired the young designer without limit. During the Great Patriotic War, under his leadership, the Su-6 armored attack aircraft was created. After that, the famous scientist of Belarus took up developments in the field of jet aviation.

Pavel Sukhoi is the author of 50 original aircraft designs, more than 30 of them were built and tested

Mikhail Vysotsky (1928 - 2013)

Place of birth: Semezhevo village, Minsk region

Research area: engineering sciences (jet and supersonic aviation)

The Minsk region gave Belarus a talented machine builder - Mikhail Vysotsky. The path of the future scientist and designer began with the work of a fitter at the Minsk Automobile Plant. Then he graduated from the Automotive Technical School and already in absentia - from the Engineering Institute in Moscow. He supervised the creation of the best models of the MAZ car, for decades he was the general designer for automotive engineering in Belarus. He has 134 inventions and 17 patents to his credit. In 2006 he was awarded the title Hero of Belarus.

Memorial plaque in honor of Mikhail Vysotsky on the building of the Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Zhores Alferov (1930)

Place of birth: Vitebsk

Research area: physics

Among the well-known scientists of Belarus there is also a Nobel laureate (the title was awarded in 2000). Let the name seem unfamiliar, but we all come across its inventions daily. The work of CDs and disk drives of modern computers would be impossible without the Alferov laser.

Zhores Alferov was engaged in research and development, headed various scientific structures and societies. At one time he was the editor-in-chief of the journal "Physics and Technology of Semiconductors" and participated in the release of other periodicals. He has written more than 500 scientific papers, three monographs and created 50 inventions.

Traffic lights, mobile phones, car headlights, equipment in supermarkets - they use the discoveries of a Belarusian

Boris Kit (1910 - 2018)

Place of birth: St. Petersburg

Research area: astronautics, mathematics, physics, chemistry

Although Boris Kit was born in Russia, he spent most of his life in his father's homeland - the current urban village of Korelichi, Grodno region.

For a long time he taught at local gymnasiums, did not stop working even during the German occupation, for which he found himself between two fires. On the one hand, under the threat of arrest, secretly from the Germans, he tried to develop the program of the trade school in Molodechno to the level of a university one. On the other hand, the partisans perceived his educational activities not for the benefit of the Belarusians, but as assistance to the enemy. To avoid punitive measures, Boris Kit emigrated to Germany, then to the USA. Here, the scientist was actively involved in development: he used liquid hydrogen in rocket science, participated in the development of fuel for the Apollo spacecraft, the Shuttle shuttle spacecraft. In 1960, he published the first ever textbook on propellants for rocket systems. The name of Boris Kit is embedded in the "time capsule" of the best scientists of the world astronautics, walled up in the wall of the American Capitol.

Belarus has established the Boris Kit Prize, which is awarded to writers, scientists, journalists and students known for their democratic activities

Vladimir Ulashchik (1943−2018)

Place of birth: v. Valitskovschina (Minsk region)

Research area: physical medicine

Vladimir Ulashchik was born into a family of workers, successfully graduated from school and became a student at that time at the Minsk State Medical Institute. The scientist's talent was revealed in a student circle when, for one of his studies, he received a gold medal at the All-Union competition. Then there was the defense of a Ph.D. thesis, work in laboratories BelNII of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Physiotherapy, BelMAPO, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. And from 1987 to 1990 he served as Minister of Health of Belarus.

He studied the mechanisms and patterns of action on the body of various physical factors (direct current, ultrasound, microwaves, mineral waters, therapeutic mud, and so on), developed the general principles of modern physical therapy and proposed new physiotherapeutic methods and devices. Co-author of the discovery "Regularity of acoustic oscillations of the brain". The methods and methods of treatment developed by him and his employees (and there are more than 20 of them) are included in the methodological recommendations and are successfully used in sanatoriums. In medical institutions of Belarus and other CIS countries, they use the physiotherapy equipment developed by him. Was editor-in-chief of magazines "Healthcare" and "Medical knowledge”, as well as a member of the editorial boards of other Belarusian and foreign publications. Author of textbooks on medicine, 80 inventions and patents, 25 physiotherapy devices.

You can find out more information about the scientists of Belarus on the website of the National Academy of Sciences in the section "Academicians" and "In memory of a scientist".

Young scientists of Belarus and how to get into their ranks

Belarusian science does not stand still. The Academy of Sciences of Belarus has 15 councils of young scientists who are engaged in research in various scientific fields. To get into the ranks of young scientists, you need to go through several stages. First you need to get a higher education, complete a master's degree and postgraduate studies of any . During your studies, it is desirable to participate in scientific conferences and publish. At the end of graduate school, it is necessary to write and defend a dissertation for the degree of candidate of sciences. Then the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Belarus decides to award an academic degree or academic title. This is a laborious path, but you can follow it if you do what you love and do useful things. Not for their own vanity, but in the name of science and progress.

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From new diagnostics of steroid hormone diseases to materials for batteries, transistors and electronics. The National Academy of Sciences named the top 10 achievements of Belarusian scientists over the past year. Among them are projects of almost all the most basic areas of work of our academicians, doctors and professors. This is primarily chemistry, biology and medicine. Vlada Karnitskaya found out which of the projects developed in 2015 are being implemented this year. And now it is considered as a basic element for creating a cure for the disease, which is called the plague of the 21st century. In fact, the Belarusian scientists in this laboratory are almost one step away from the invention of a vaccine against HIV infection. The difficulty is that the virus is constantly changing. Scientists, one might say, select chemical compounds, and there are about 35 million variants that could block the deadly virus. All research is carried out by the cooperation of scientists, at first glance, incompatible - chemists and programmers. They have been working on this project for five years. After all, it is carried out in several laborious stages. And all this became possible thanks to this supercomputer, which takes up an entire office. Chemists receive all data from this machine in their laboratory. In fact, this computer replaces the microscope for scientists. After all, if the studies were conducted by the traditional method, in vitro, it would take decades. This machine is capable of performing up to 20 trillion operations per second. According to experts, its capacity is comparable to a thousand computers. This scientific work is just one of the top 10 achievements of the National Academy of Sciences in 2015. The results were summed up here the day before. The list of the best also included the creation of materials for batteries, transistors and electronics, as well as polymers for mechanics. Geneticists have discovered a gene that determines cirrhosis of the liver. Chemists have created new anticancer drugs. Historians have found previously unknown monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of our country. Thanks to them, scientists reconstructed the events, lifestyle and way of life of the Slavs. Before getting into the top, each project was carefully studied beforehand. And at once on several tens criteria. The top of the best in the Academy of Sciences is determined for the second year in a row. And as scientists say, it is the developments from this list that are the first in line for implementation.

From new diagnostics of steroid hormone diseases to materials for batteries, transistors and electronics. The National Academy of Sciences named the top 10 achievements of Belarusian scientists over the past year. Among them are projects of almost all the most basic areas of work of our academicians, doctors and professors. This is primarily chemistry, biology and medicine. Which of the projects developed in 2015 are being implemented this year, learned Vlad Karnitskaya.

And now it is considered as a basic element for creating a cure for the disease, which is called the plague of the 21st century. In fact, the Belarusian scientists in this laboratory are almost one step away from the invention of a vaccine against HIV infection. The difficulty is that the virus is constantly changing. Scientists, one might say, select chemical compounds, and there are about 35 million variants that could block the deadly virus.

All research is carried out by the cooperation of scientists, at first glance, incompatible - chemists and programmers. They have been working on this project for five years. After all, it is carried out in several laborious stages.

And all this became possible thanks to this supercomputer, which takes up an entire office. Chemists receive all data from this machine in their laboratory.

In fact, this computer replaces the microscope for scientists. After all, if the studies were conducted by the traditional method, in vitro, it would take decades. This machine is capable of performing up to 20 trillion operations per second. According to experts, its capacity is comparable to a thousand computers.

This scientific work is just one of the top 10 achievements of the National Academy of Sciences in 2015. The results were summed up here the day before.

The list of the best also included the creation of materials for batteries, transistors and electronics, as well as polymers for mechanics. Geneticists have discovered a gene that determines cirrhosis of the liver. Chemists have created new anticancer drugs. Historians have found previously unknown monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of our country. Thanks to them, scientists reconstructed the events, lifestyle and way of life of the Slavs. Before getting into the top, each project was carefully studied beforehand. And at once on several tens criteria.

The top of the best in the Academy of Sciences is determined for the second year in a row. And as scientists say, it is the developments from this list that are the first in line for implementation.