Asphalt technology. Basic Principles of Asphalt Compaction

Asphalt remains the most popular type of pavement for roads, despite the constant appearance on the market of modern road materials. It is practical to use, durable, wear-resistant and impact resistant. environment. Properly paved road or even garden path will serve faithfully to the owner of the site for many years, without requiring repair and restoration work.

How to lay asphalt with your own hands

If you need to lay asphalt, you can use the services of a specialized company, or you can do all the work yourself. specialized firm can be chosen at any site for the provision of this type of service. The choice depends on how confident you are in your abilities and experience. An improperly laid coating can quickly collapse, deform and crack. To lay asphalt, for example, in a country house, several steps must be completed.

1. Preparatory work: you need to mark the places of the tracks, taking into account the location of underground utilities.
2. Excavation: top fertile layer soil must be removed. For tracks, you can remove from 10 to 25 cm, for a road for a car, make a foundation pit deeper. The greater the planned load on the road, the deeper the pit should be.
3. Preparation of the base: the bottom of the pit must be compacted ( the best way- vibrating plate). In order to prevent heaving forces from acting on the road, it is necessary to fill in a gravel cushion - a layer of coarse gravel up to 15 cm thick for the road and up to 10 cm for walking paths. This layer must also be compacted. The second layer consists in pouring fine-grained gravel up to 10 cm thick and on top river sand. All these layers must be poured with plenty of water. It is possible to replace layered preparation with monolithic concrete slab- This option will cost more.
4. Purchase of asphalt: it is better to buy asphalt at the nearest asphalt concrete plant in a ready state. So, even with delivery, it will cost less than if you cook it yourself. On average, 1 ton of asphalt concrete is enough for asphalting 10 sq.m. 10 cm thick.
5. Asphalt paving: Paving must be done on a sunny day when no precipitation is expected immediately after delivery. Asphalt is thrown with a shovel, and then it is compacted with the same vibrating plate or rammer. Depending on the load on the future asphalt surface, laying is carried out in 1 or several layers. For the entrance to the house, it is enough to lay from 5 to 7 cm, and 3-4 cm is enough for the paths.
6. Compaction of asphalt concrete is a laborious and necessary operation. The durability of the road will depend on the quality of the seal. You can compact the road or paths in various ways. handheld devices- vibrating plate or hand roller. Asphalt must have a temperature of at least 105 degrees. It is very important to drive the skating rink correctly in one direction.

How to put paving slabs on asphalt

Asphalt can be used in its original form - as it is. But in this case, it has a small drawback - in summer heat it overheats and begins to smell specifically or can be deformed when heavy mechanisms drive on it. In addition, after all, this is a traditional coating, which can sometimes get bored. To give greater aesthetics to the paths, they can be covered with paving slabs.

Usually, if you want to put paving slabs on top of the asphalt, they put it directly on the coating cement mortar up to 5 cm. Approximately 1 part of cement to 4 parts of sand - the proportion of the solution. The laid cement screed is well leveled long rule. And already it fits on top paving slabs. Already in 3-7 days, depending on the weather, such a puff cake asphalt-cement screed-paving slab hardens so firmly that you can resume the movement of cars on it or park your car on this site.

If you don't want to suffer

Putting asphalt just so easily and quickly will not work on your own. It is necessary to have special equipment - the same vibrating plate or a manual roller, you need to be able to use them well so that the coating turns out to be even, and not ribbed and with seams. It is necessary to quickly scatter the asphalt mixture after it is prepared, because otherwise it will cool down, and the cooled asphalt will have to be compacted longer and more thoroughly. In addition, do not forget that in order for the road or sidewalk to last for a long time, it is necessary to provide for the presence of drainage, water runoff, curbs. All this must be done at the same time as installation. A reasonable question may arise: how much does asphalting cost? In fact, this is not such a huge figure because of which it is worth risking the quality of laying and the aesthetics of future entrances to the house.

How much does asphalt cost

If you are looking for information on how much asphalting a road costs, you should keep in mind that the cost depends on the amount of work performed. Therefore, it is enough to find out how much asphalting of 1 m2 costs. The cost of asphalting can be found on any link from the search results, for example.

Wizard's advice

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To Oil paint does not dry out during storage and so that a film does not form on it, place a mug of thick paper on the surface of the paint and "fill it thin layer drying oils.

" plastic film, covering a balcony or a greenhouse, protects the towline from being broken by the wind, stretched on both sides at intervals of 10-15 cm. "

"To work with concrete mix was lighter, clay is usually added to it, but clay reduces the strength of the mixture. Add a spoon to it washing powder per bucket of water. "

"So that the screw, the head of which is hidden behind the barrier, does not rotate with the tightened nut, you need to throw several turns of thread or thin wire on it and slightly tighten the ends. Due to friction, the screw is well held in place. The ends of the thread can be cut off after tightening. "

"It is possible to cut a birdhouse notch without a brace. It is enough to split the front side of the board in the center and cut out half-holes with a chisel or hatchet required size and then put the halves back together. "

Wooden plugs for screws crumble and fall out of the wall. Do not rush to cut a new cork. Stuff the hole in the wall tightly with nylon from an old stocking. With a red-hot nail of a suitable diameter, melt a hole for the screw. Ra fused capron will turn into a solid cork.

"A carpenter's level can easily be turned into a theodolite by equipping it with a sighting device from a slot and a front sight."

"In order for two strips of linoleum to lie end-to-end, it is convenient to use a self-adhesive decorative film, placing it under the base of the linoleum."

"For the nail to go in the right direction and did not bend when driven into a deep hole or groove, it should be placed inside the tube, fixed with crumpled paper or plasticine. "

Before punching a hole in concrete wall, fasten a piece of paper just below. Dust and fragments of concrete will not fly around the room.

"To cut the pipe exactly at a right angle, we advise you to drink like this. Take an even strip of paper and screw it onto the pipe along the sawing line. The plane passing through the edge of the paper will be strictly perpendicular to the axis of the pipe."

"Turn logs or wooden beams a simple device will help - a piece of a motorcycle or bicycle chain, supplemented with a hook on one side and attached to a crowbar on the other side. "

"In order to be able to work with a two-handed saw alone, we recommend using a simple trick: move the saw handle from the top position to the bottom. "

You can cut a piece of slate of the required size with a saw, but it is better and easier to punch holes along the line of the intended cut with a nail with a frequency of 2-3 cm, and then break off the slate on the support.

" The best way glue the tile to the wall: take bitumen, melt and drip only four drops at the corners of the tile. Sticks to the dead. "

Shaped holes in the manufacture of figured window frames are most conveniently cut with a hacksaw with a turned blade.

"Making stained-glass windows is a long and difficult task. You can make a quick imitation of a stained-glass window. To do this, they take thin slats or rods of a vine, glue them to a sheet of glass, and then paint the glass and varnish it."

"If there is no dowel at hand, it can be made from a piece of plastic tube. The body of a ballpoint pen may also be suitable for this. Having sawed off a piece desired length, make a longitudinal cut, about halfway, and the dowel is ready. "

" It is known how difficult it is to hang a door when working alone. But it is enough to shorten the bottom pin by 2-3 mm and it will become much easier to work. "

"A very strong, non-shrinking and sufficiently waterproof putty is obtained from bustilate mixed with any powder - chalk, gypsum, cement!, sawdust, etc."

"If you need to screw into the butt chipboard screw, drill a hole slightly smaller than the diameter of the screw, fill the hole with Moment glue (but not epoxy!), Screw the screw in a day. The plate does not delaminate. However, the resulting connection can be put under load only after a day. "

" Fix portraits, photographs, paintings in wooden frames with glass it is more convenient not with carnations, but with the help of pushpins bent at right angles. The buttons are gently pressed with a screwdriver. Compared to nails, the risk of splitting thin frames is reduced to a minimum. "

"It is not so easy to wrap a screw in hard wood. If you prick a hole for the screw with an awl, and rub the screw liberally with soap, then after such an operation the work will go like clockwork."

To save time, the edge of the wallpaper can be trimmed with a sharp knife without unrolling the roll. To do this, you must first align the end of the roll and draw a circle around the border of the Edge from the outside with a simple pencil. Working with a knife, the roll must be gradually turned in the direction of folding.

For carrying large sheets of plywood, glass or thin iron at home, it is convenient to use a wire holder with three hooks at the bottom and a handle at the top.

IF you need to cut a round stick into the distance, this work is most conveniently done using a template. It is made of a metal tube with a groove in the middle. The diameter is chosen so that the template slides freely on the stick.

It will become easier to work with a hacksaw if in its middle part it is increased by 1/3 of the height of the teeth.

If you attach a weight of about a kilogram to the front of the bow saw machine, then it will become easier to work. The load must be made removable so that the saw can be used to perform other work.

" A waxy finish can be obtained by painting the surface with diluted PVA glue. To obtain desired color, you need to dilute the glue with water, tinted with watercolors. "

"Making a cover for an ax blade is as easy as shelling pears. A piece of rubber tube is taken, cut lengthwise and put on the blade. A ring cut out of old car mobile camera. "

"Do without clamps when gluing wooden frames a linen cord will help. Put four short loops on the corners of the frame and pull the frames diagonally with two long loops. The angles are adjusted with sticks that twist the middle loops. "

"How to silence a creaking floorboard? Between the floorboards, you need to drill a hole at an angle of 45 ° with a diameter of 6-8 mm, hammer a wooden pin smeared with wood glue into it, cut off the protruding end with a chisel and putty the floor surface. "

"To make it easier to scrape a floor covered with varnish or paint, iron it through a damp cloth - and it will become easier to work."

"Slight decay on wood can be eliminated as follows: the affected wood is removed from the healthy layer, and then impregnated with a 10% formalin solution. After drying, the area is puttied and painted over."

Very often in cold period time utilities have to produce urgent road surfaces. Hot asphalt laying requires a perfectly dry surface and thorough preparation of the base, which is absolutely impossible to do in autumn and winter. It is in such situations that cold asphalt is used in most cases. What is it and how does it differ from the usual way of laying roads, let's try to figure it out in more detail.

What is cold asphalt?

Cold asphalt is called innovative material for road repair, the use of which opens up new opportunities for utilities and owners of private territories. This species came to us from abroad quite recently, but has already managed to prove itself well on Russian market. The unique qualities of the coating allow it to be used in the most extreme conditions when laying hot asphalt is completely impossible. Many are interested in the question, what does cold asphalt consist of? What it is?

Products are produced in the form of finished products with the addition of bitumen, polymers and plasticizers. During the production process, all the main components of the material are thoroughly mixed, fine-grained crushed stone and elastic additives are added. The resulting mixture passes heat treatment and sent for packing.

Cold asphalt is sold in bags weighing 50 kg, plastic buckets 15 kg or in large packages up to a ton.

Benefits of cold asphalt

The cold paving method has gained immense popularity due to its simplicity. With the advent of cold asphalt, any homeowner can repair or make a small asphalt site without special skills and the use of expensive equipment.

Cold asphalt pavement is highly durable, durable and can be used immediately after completion. repair work. During the movement of cars on the repaired site, the asphalt is compacted and acquires the necessary hardness.

Composite additives included in the composition of the material improve the adhesion of the mixture to the surface, which facilitates the laying process and guarantees high quality executed works.

The advantage of this method over hot laying is that the work can be carried out at temperatures down to minus 20 degrees. However, it is completely unnecessary preliminary preparation repaired surface. All that needs to be done with the pit is to sweep the dust out of it.

Transportation of material can be carried out at any weather conditions, in a vehicle of adequate capacity. Well-packaged cold bagged asphalt can last almost forever. The opened mixture is suitable for use throughout the year, which is very convenient.

disadvantages

Another important disadvantage is the high cost of liquid asphalt. The price of a mixture for cold masonry is several times higher than the cost of a hot method. Although, given that it is intended only for minor repairs, it will not be so expensive to eliminate the holes formed with it.

For comparison, we can give an example of the cost of both road surfaces: 1 ton of conventional asphalt costs enterprises 2,000-2,500 rubles, while the price per ton of cold mix reaches 50,000 rubles. But, if we calculate the labor costs of workers and the rental cost of the equipment necessary for hot coating, laying cold asphalt turns out to be even more economical.

Laying technology

First of all, the resulting pit is cleaned of dust and various debris. For the best adhesion of the base to the new material, the old coating is treated with a bituminous emulsion, on top of which cold asphalt will be laid. What is it and is it required? this processing should be dealt with before starting work.

The composition of the emulsion includes bitumen dissolved in water with an admixture of various components. The sticky liquid creates the most dense connection between the two materials. You can buy the composition at any hardware store.

If there are cracks and dents on the track, they are filled with a liquid mixture, after which they are repeatedly passed over the entire surface with a brush or a brush dipped in a bitumen emulsion. The next step is to lay the asphalt. It is poured into a hole or onto the territory of the future track and leveled. If there are lumps in the mixture, they must be broken with any heavy object.

The pits are sealed in several layers, the thickness of which should not exceed 6 cm. Each layer is carefully leveled with a vibrating plate or an ordinary chopper.

It is very important that the surface of liquid asphalt is 1-2 centimeters higher than the level of the old road surface. In the process of rolling, the mixture will be compacted and will sink to the required depth. When repairing roads, this technology is used. Cold asphalt allows you to use a new coating immediately after completion of work.

Scope of application

Cold asphalt is most often used for urgent repair of road surfaces in places where it is impossible to stop the movement of vehicles. It is advisable to use the material for hard-to-reach sections of roads, storm drains, manholes, recreation areas and other small surfaces.

Owners of private houses often use cold asphalt to equip parking lots, floors on verandas and gazebos, as well as capital paths. Of course, its price is high, but since the purchased mixture can be used for a long time, this is an ideal option for periodic private repairs.

Conclusion

In the article, we examined when and where cold asphalt is used, what it is. Today, this material is known to almost everyone who is directly or indirectly connected with the repair of roads. The technology of laying cold asphalt is more than simple, it is available to everyone who wants to lay high-quality and reliable pavement in your own backyard.

Concerning required amount mixture, then calculations should be made based on the data provided by the manufacturer. So, for 1 m 2 of coating with a layer thickness of not more than 0.5 cm, about 50 kg of liquid mixture will be required. Very deep pits are recommended to be covered with fine gravel to the middle.

The asphalt obtained in this way has sufficiently high performance characteristics. If no mistakes were made during the laying of the mixture, the cured coating will last without repair for many years.

Even in ancient Babylon, the first asphalt concrete pavements were laid (six hundred years before our era). Then everything suddenly stopped, and only in the 19th century asphalt concrete pavement began its renewal in America and Europe.

It is known that already in 1928 on the Volokolamsk highway, in Russia, the first part of the asphalt pavement on the road was being built at that time in the country. Approximately at the same time, defects become noticeable asphalt pavement. Especially, with artificial asphalting of roads. For example, the coating can wear off or crack under heavy vehicles. Of course, this does not happen in a month or even a year. For noticeable wear of the asphalt pavement, it will be required long time. But for tracks and highways, it is better to use natural asphalt.

Asphalt can be produced in two ways - artificial and natural. Often the word "asphalt" is synonymous with the word "asphalt concrete", which is artificial stone material from asphalt mixes.

– Natural asphalt is the formation of heavy fractional parts of oil (or residues of parts) as a result of evaporation of all oil components and oxidation due to hypergenesis. It is located in the form of vein formation deposits in impregnated permeable formations or in the zone of natural oil release.

– Artificial asphalt, (also referred to as asphalt mix) is building material in the form of a mixture of crushed stone and sand, including mineral powder and bitumen. Kinds:

– hot (from viscous bitumen),

- warm (from low-viscosity bitumen);

- cold (from liquid bitumen).

Depending on traffic, distances and various conditions transportation use a variety of vehicles, it depends on the conditions of transportation and the type of transportation. There are road trains with mixed trailers and dump trucks for heavy loads; board trains for piece materials and specialized (capine carriers, farm carriers and panel carriers).

The thickness of the asphalt pavement depends on the place of laying. The roads are arranged so that they are about half a meter higher than the terrain. Thus, they are divided into the following types:

- beds (wooden);

– ice

- winter roads (snow).

Also important factors are climatic impact, dustiness of the environment. The thickness of asphalt concrete pavements increases every year, because the load also increases. traffic movements. GOST asphalt pavement - literally 30 years ago they used a layer of 19 cm, and now 25 cm.

Influence of the material on the quality of asphalt pavement

The technology of laying asphalt pavement is the ability to choose the right materials. In addition, this amount of work is carried out exclusively with the use of specialized mechanisms, such as an asphalt paver and a heavy roller; Asphalt laying must be carried out in dry weather on a flat foundation (this important point, because the asphalt copies the profile of the foundation). The entire paving process is accompanied by the use of asphalt mixes. different types(sandy types, coarse and fine-grained).

Layers of asphalt pavement are laid by asphalt pavers simultaneously, the width of which is equal to the width of the roadway. This nuance is also no less important in the coating process.

Repair (dismantling of the asphalt pavement) consists in dismantling the upper layer of asphalt, treating the layer with a bitumen emulsion. Usually, the repair is supplemented by a leveling layer of crushed stone or asphalt; the device of a single-layer or two-layer asphalt layer; watering the seams; cleaning the place of dismantling. The company providing these services must comply with GOST 9128-76 certificates, building codes and regulations. The price of repairs is usually based on the calculation per square meter.

Asphalt pavement repair, technology, methods in modern world allows dismantling faster than 20 years ago. Also in our time, taking into account road structures, rolled (lean) concrete is best suited. Ideally, the cut of the asphalt pavement should be like in the Soviet Union, using a thick layer of crushed stone, poured oil, and that everything was done "in good faith".

On a note!

In order to extend the construction season, it is allowed to carry out work on the construction of individual layers of asphalt concrete pavement at ambient and air temperatures below 10 ° C (in autumn) and +5. ° С (in spring).

Cold mix asphalt can be stored in warehouses approximately six months. At temperatures reaching minus 15°C, the laying of asphalt concrete pavements is carried out exclusively indoors. The only exception is emergency road repair work.

Asphalting- the most accessible and reliable way creating a roadway, and, at the same time, the most difficult. Asphalt laying technology includes several stages, each of which requires a certain sequence and accuracy. 80% of the work falls on the preparation of the so-called. pillows - the lower layer of the front canvas. Depending on how correctly it will be done according to the procedure, thickness and fillers, the resistance of the canvas to multi-ton mechanical loads, climatic precipitation and freezing depends.

It is known that not all "road builders" sacredly honor GOSTs and SNiPs, save on materials, equipment, holding time for each process, which is why the asphalt crumbles after the first winter with good frosts. The purpose of our article is to tell what modern technologies exist and how to properly implement them.

General terms and concepts

The rules and requirements for the roadway are regulated by several acts at once:

• GOST R 54401-2011 "Motor roads common use»
• SNiP 3.06.03-85 "Roads", approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of August 20, 1985 N 133;
• KT-17.0-10.11-75 "Arrangement of asphalt concrete pavement", approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of 10.11.1975;
• SNiP 2.05.02-85 and 3.06.03-85 "Roads", etc.

The article uses the terms and definitions necessary to refer to the processes and materials used in the construction of roads and pedestrian roads.

asphalt concrete- to cover highways different intensity. This is a mixture of cement, crushed stone, sand, mineral powder and polymer components with the addition of bituminous resins as a binder. It has higher strength and toughness than hot asphalt. The temperature is necessarily controlled - during cooking it reaches 200 ° C, during transportation and laying out it should not fall below 130 ° C, otherwise the composition begins to harden and clump, it will no longer be possible to level it and compact it.

hot asphalt are made from cement, crushed stone, natural sand, mineral powder and bitumen. Additives and polymers are not added. It warms up to the mark of 130°C, it is stacked not lower than 100°C. This is the optimal solution for pedestrian and bicycle loads, allowing even short-term loads of multi-tons.

Asphalt concrete and hot asphalt are laid at a temperature of the lower base not lower than +5°C.

cold asphalt- all the same components, but with the addition of solvents to thin the composition. It is recommended for emergency repair of the sheet at low temperatures - not lower than -10°С, while the lower base is +5°С, so that there are no cracks and the composition does not begin to freeze.

liquid asphalt- used for patching, organization of pedestrian and bicycle paths. It is made with the addition of recycled asphalt granulate in an amount of no more than 10% for repair and construction, and no more than 20% for leveling the surface.

Asphalt laying technology according to GOST

The state standard defines the technology of laying asphalt (hot cast asphalt concrete and cast mixes) for the arrangement of pavements on public roads, bridges, tunnels. The same requirements apply to pothole repairs.

Materials:

1. For the preparation of cast mixtures, crushed crushed stone obtained from rocks. The size of the fraction depends on the load on the canvas and is:

• 5-10 mm - pedestrian and bike paths;
• 10-15 mm - roads with a load of less than 3,000 vehicles per day;
• 15-20 mm - roads with a load of more than 3,000 vehicles per day, bridges, tunnels.

Crushed stone can be used in pure form and as mixtures, but there should be no foreign clogging elements. For the production of patching roads, the size of the fraction is chosen depending on the load.

1. Sand from screenings of crushing, natural and their mixture.
2. Mineral powder from sedimentary (carbonate) rocks.
3. Cement M1200 - for roads, M1000 - for sidewalks, pedestrian and bicycle paths.
4. Viscous oil road bitumen grades BND 40/60, BND 60/90 with the addition of modifying polymers.

When preparing asphalt concrete, it is allowed to use recycled granulate within 10% of the total mass of the cast mixture when laying the road and carrying out patching. If the road surface is leveled, the amount of recycled granulate can be up to 20%.

Road laying standard

1. Cast mixtures are laid at a temperature of the lower layer (rough cushion) not lower than +5°C. Exceptions are allowed only in case of emergency repair of a section of the road, at which the pad temperature can reach -10°C, but in this case it is necessary to additionally warm up the base to ensure adhesion of the asphalt concrete to the structural layer.
2. The mixture is unloaded in batches immediately onto the prepared layer. The temperature of the mixture is fixed at around 130-150°C.
3. Preparation refers to drying, removing debris and dust. Be sure to pre-treat with a bitumen emulsion as a primer - it increases adhesion, reduces absorbency and prevents cracking of the finished canvas.
4. Lay the composition in a mechanized way using a finisher for leveling. Compaction is carried out immediately after filling with the help of rollers, a vibropress and an asphalt paver.
5. The laying process is completed by the formation of a rough surface, which is carried out according to the technology of embedding into hot bitumen in accordance with the technological regulations.

This option is chosen for the arrangement of roads in the private sector - in courtyards, access roads, public roads. The peculiarity lies in the absence of a critical load on the canvas and difficulties with special equipment. In most cases, asphalt has to be laid manually using a vibrating plate.

Ready asphalt on crushed stone of large and medium fraction 10-20 mm

So, for each technology for arranging the roadway, including crushed stone-sand mixture, you need to start with the preparation of materials:

• crushed stone of medium fraction up to 15 mm;
• sand, purified from impurities and loams;
• bitumen and bitumen emulsion.
• mineral powder or stone flour.

Minimum Layer Height

The minimum layer depends on the expected load:

• in the private sector for the organization of roads and access roads - 50-70 mm;
• territory in the yard - 30-40 mm.

Substrate preparation for asphalt laying

1. The old coating is removed to a solid layer, all vegetation is pulled out.
2. The sole is compacted with a vibrating plate, if necessary, geotextiles are lined - for areas with large quantity vegetation. If this is not done, the grass will gradually break the base.
3. The sole is impregnated with a bituminous emulsion - this is necessary to increase adhesion and prevent sagging of the canvas.
4. Fall asleep pillow of rubble and sand. Again treated with emulsion to improve the adhesion of the base to the asphalt.
5. Lay out the borders.
6. Hot asphalt is poured out in small batches and rammed with a vibrating plate or a manual roller weighing at least 100 kg.

All work is carried out in dry weather and at an air temperature of at least +5°C. The only exception concerns the technology of laying cold asphalt, which can be used all year round.

This technology is not allowed. state standards and rules, but is practiced only in the form of patching (patching) repairs. Some companies, taking into account the degree of wear of the old asphalt, “build up” the roadway by laying new asphalt on the cleaned old asphalt, but this is possible only if the wear is even and there are no significant drops.

Applying a new coating to an old one

In general, the technology for laying asphalt on old asphalt is as follows:

1. The base is being prepared - it is cleaned of dirt and dust, dried.
2. The grader lays crushed stone of the middle fraction as a shock-absorbing layer.
3. The edges of the canvas are cleaned and heated.
4. A new layer of asphalt or asphalt concrete is laid and compacted with a roller.

A bituminous mixture is being prepared according to exactly the same technology that was described earlier - for roads or the private sector.

Fundamental differences between the organization of the roadway on the old asphalt or concrete base no. Both the one and the other layer remain strong enough, which excludes subsidence of the embankment. The main thing is to properly prepare it, ensure good adhesion and quickly work with the composition.

Work order:

1. Surface cleaning and treatment with sterilizing compounds that exclude grass germination.
2. Preparation of a drainage layer from rubble of medium fraction and natural sand without loam. Drainage is poured in layers - crushed stone and sand with a thickness of at least 10 cm and carefully compacted with a roller or vibrating plate. Experts recommend soaking with plenty of water so that the sand fills all the voids.
3. Impregnation with bituminous emulsion to increase the adhesion of the "cushion" with a new layer of asphalt.
4. Bituminous mixture laying and compaction.

According to the standards, the temperature of the mixture must be at least 100°C, it must be laid in dry weather at an ambient temperature of at least +5°C.

For even distribution, the roller or vibrating plate must pass the same number of times. If the roller is running, it must not reverse.

Laying the roadway negative temperatures, in rain and snow can only be carried out using cold asphalt. This is a polymer composition based on bitumen, modified with additives that increase plasticity, resistance to frost and humidity.

Working with cold solution

By modern technologies 2 types of cold mixes are used:

• sandy - fractions 5 mm;
• fine-grained - fractions 10-15 mm.

Both types allow you to create a durable coating that is resistant to extreme low temperatures, humidity and precipitation. Such work is on average 40% more expensive than work with hot components, but is the only possible one for emergency road repairs in winter and in heavy rains. With their help, they make patching of trans and highways, railway tracks, car parks, bridges, etc.

The procedure itself is identical:

1. Preparation of the basis - cleaning, washing, blowing.
2. Laying a sand and gravel layer of at least 10 cm, followed by tamping.
3. Laying of an asphalt mixture based on a coarse fraction of crushed stone (KZ-10, KZ-7).
4. Compaction with rollers or vibrating plates.

It will blow such a composition in bags and consists of:

• bitumen binder;
• coarse-grained crushed stone from hard rocks with a fraction of 5-20 mm;
• sand from rock screenings;
• mineral powder (up to 20%);
• modifying additives (3%).

Working with the composition is very simple and fast, and it does not require the use of heavy equipment, heating and maintaining at a certain level (100-130 ° C).

Patching with cold asphalt

In general, the procedure looks like this:

1. The base is cleaned of debris and dust, washed thoroughly - with the slightest contamination, adhesion will be minimal.
2. Cold asphalt pours out.
3. It is leveled and compacted with a vibrating plate.

It is possible to lay at any precipitation - rain, snow, and air temperature up to -25°С.

Despite the fact that you can work with a cold solution at any time of the year and the process itself is easier and faster, utilities are in no hurry to put this option on the “rails”, and it’s not just about the price. On the one hand, a very time-consuming preparation process - the base must be perfectly clean in order to provide the desired adhesion. On the other hand, a rare composition begins to spread over time, to be pressed through in some places. Its service life is shorter than that of hot asphalt concrete, but this can be seen only on public roads. If done in the yard, it will stand for at least 20 years, or even more.

VIDEO: Asphalt paving technology in Germany

Garden paths should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. Exist different materials for their paving, but many of them are expensive. Most economical option, presumably, there will be asphalting of the tracks.

To understand how to lay asphalt with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of this process.

Types of asphalt

Asphalt is allocated according to the method of production:

• Natural. It is formed as a result of hypergenesis and oxidation of heavy oil fractions.
• Artificial. It is obtained in the factory after mixing mineral powders, crushed stone, sand and bitumen.

Asphalt products are popular, so manufacturers are improving its composition and manufacturing methods. Thanks to this, new varieties of artificial raw materials appear.

Composition and application of hot asphalt

Consists of gravel, mineral powder, viscous bitumen and sand. During production, the components are mixed under the influence of high temperatures, and a homogeneous black mass is obtained.

It must be laid a few minutes after manufacture, since when it cools, the level of adhesion to the surface deteriorates and a poor-quality coating is obtained.

Features of cold asphalt

It differs from other types in that it uses liquid bitumen, and not viscous. In the manufacture of a resinous mass, components are added that slow down the curing of bitumen.

Cast compound pavement

The composition includes the same components as in hot asphalt. However, the cast contains twice as much mineral powder and bitumen. Distinctive features coatings - a small thickness and relief. Operational characteristics are 2-3 times higher than those of other types.

colored asphalt

It can be attributed to cold and hot asphalt, as it is produced in the same way. The composition includes colored dyes and crushed stone, because of which the resinous mass got its name.

Asphalt crumb

There are two ways to make it: crushing and milling old layers of asphalt. The quality of the crumb depends on the cutter and the composition of the processed mixture.

How to lay asphalt

Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt

The material is actively used to create country paths because it has many useful properties:

• durability;
• tolerance to sudden changes in temperature;
• dense coverage;
• resistance to deformation;
• waterproof.

There are also disadvantages that manifest themselves during the use of asphalt in a summer cottage:

• in hot summer days it evaporates, and harmful substances enter the human body;
• the coating is not suitable for decorating the territory, as it does not fit well with garden styles;
• if you do the styling incorrectly, then during severe frosts it starts to break down quickly.

Preparing for styling

Asphalt laying begins with preparation. It is carried out in several stages.

Planning

First, marking is done and the thickness of the crushed stone cushion with asphalt coating is determined.

It is necessary to understand exactly what thickness will need to be laid

When updating the yard surface, it is enough to pour 10–20 cm of sand and lay a 5–7 cm layer of asphalt. When asphalting the driveway of a private house, a more durable coating is made. The thickness of the crushed stone cushion should not be less than 40 cm. The asphalt should be laid in two layers with a total thickness of 15–20 cm.

earthworks

Before carrying out land works, the territory is checked for the presence of vegetation with large roots, which must be disposed of.

In the place where the asphalt will be laid, the top layer of the earth is removed with a shovel. When carrying out larger-scale work, it will not be possible to cope manually and you will have to use special equipment. Excess soil is taken out so that during the rains it does not wash up on the road. At the end of the process prepared land plot compacted with a roller.

Foundation preparation

After completion of land works, crushed stone is poured onto the compacted piece of land in several layers. First you need to pour larger stones, and then put small ones. Each layer of rubble has its own purpose:

• a small stone helps to evenly distribute the asphalt layer;
• the middle one contributes to the uniform distribution of the load;
• large acts as a drainage.

Large crushed stone is necessary in laying asphalt

During the laying of crushed stone for water runoff, a slight slope is made towards the ground or water collectors.

The crushed stone base is compacted with a roller. It should run over the surface about five times. When paving a large yard, it is recommended to use a roller with a mass of about 3-4 tons and a built-in vibration function. This will ensure that the surface is well sealed. Sometimes special equipment cannot reach some places and a vibrating plate is used instead.

Asphalting

After creating a crushed stone base, you can start laying. For this, material of different grain sizes is used. It is difficult to prepare a high-quality resinous mixture at home, so it is better to purchase it. The benefits of using a factory mix include:

• saving time in production;
• use of quality material.

To lay asphalt in the yard, it is necessary to use fine-grained material. It is laid in one layer 5–7 cm thick.

When creating an access road, the material is placed in several layers. Fine asphalt is laid below, and coarse asphalt is laid on top. The coating is compacted with a roller and filled with bitumen for better connection layers.

Laying on the old coating

To figure out how to properly lay asphalt on an old surface, you need to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances.

The process of preparing the ground changes slightly if the work is carried out on a paved surface. In this case, there is no need to land works and it is enough to repair the old coating. It is completely cleaned of debris and dirt, after which the damage on the surface is filled with bitumen, and a new asphalt layer is laid.

Coating repair

Asphalt paths deteriorate over time. The reasons for this may be different:

• frozen water in cracks;
• surface deformation under the influence of high temperature;
• heavy loads on asphalt.

Also, instead of asphalt, you can use a concrete screed or paving slabs.

Laying asphalt with your own hands is not an easy job, which is difficult to cope with without preparation. During asphalting, it is necessary to observe all the technological nuances that affect the strength and durability of the coating.