Autumn processing of fruit trees. Processing the garden in the fall from diseases and pests: step by step instructions

spraying fruit trees in autumn, in the current conditions, when a whole bunch of diseases are raging in the gardens, it is not at all new to experienced summer residents. But Bordeaux liquid and urea are already ineffective. And yes, they are toxic. Therefore, it is necessary to select safer drugs that give, if not instant, then more stable results. We share our experience on how and how to carry out autumn spraying of the garden, how to clean the bark of fruit trees and how to whitewash the trunks.

Spraying trees in autumn

It is clear that by the end of the season there is a lot of work: canning, harvesting apples and pears for storage, laying new beds, and so on. But the accumulation of fungal and bacterial diseases (at least in our south) is so pronounced that autumn spraying of fruit trees is a must.

We have been choosing for a long time optimal timing and processing conditions and settled on the 4 most important for this time of year:

a week before harvest;
a week after harvest;
during the period of yellowing of the leaves;
after the leaves have fallen.

In general, as in summer, we walk around the garden with a sprayer almost every 3 weeks. And, by the way, the action of the drugs is just designed for such a period.

First, we carry out the processing with a finely dispersed tip (4 portions), then we change it to a jet one, and we carry out the last portion according to high branches and trunks with a strong jet. We try to wash all the cracks in the bark on the skeletal branches. Each walk takes half an hour, a single processing of the entire garden takes 2.5 hours. In the garden now there are 3 adult apricots, 4 cherries, 1 plum, 1 cherry, 6 apple trees, 6 pears. If you have fewer fruit trees, then you will spend a little time.

How to process trees in autumn

Of course, in autumn we try to process not only fruit trees, but also shrubs. We spray raspberries, currants, gooseberries, felt cherries and strawberries with the same preparations as the garden. But they are located in the garden, and we do not do separate treatments for them - we try to spend less time on spraying. Therefore, we work in the garden with natural preparations - they are not toxic, they do not accumulate in the soil and products.

September treatments with live biological products (Imunozot + Gribofit), of course, must be done in evening time so that microbes do not die in the sun. We spray iodine and an antibiotic, which we use in October-November, in the middle of the day - the temperatures are not the same, and the days are short.

But we must remember that after iodine and antibiotics, it is always necessary to restore biota, therefore, in the spring, when + 10 ° C, it is necessary to shed the garden and vegetable garden EM kami or Globioma. Globioma Biota Max is a soil probiotic containing beneficial bacteria and fungal spores. Although an expensive tablet, it is enough for 10 acres. You can also divide it depending on the area where you want to prevent soil dysbacteriosis.

How to clean the bark of fruit trees

In addition to spraying autumn period it is necessary to clean the trunks of fruit trees from exfoliated bark flakes and whitewash them. It is there that a hotbed of fungi accumulates and. The bark on dwarf pears is especially strongly flaked - the skeletal branches and trunk are covered with scabs. The most convenient place for wintering eggs of sucker, codling moth and other evil spirits. And, if we do a good job with the codling moth, then the sucker is still annoying to the fullest. So, winters are too comfortable.

Therefore, we take a chisel, gloves and into the garden. We did not like the scraper when working with the bark of mature trees - it bends somehow wrong, and the capture area is unrealistically large. But the chisel is the very thing for processing the bark of fruit trees in the fall. From any angle, you can pick up a scale, and if you need to dig deeper, knock it out with a mallet. On stone fruits (where the gum has come out), this is exactly how you have to remove the bark.

It is important to sharpen periodically cutting edge, then working with a chisel is a pleasure. But if the bark on the trees is running, then get ready to devote an hour or two to this procedure. It will not be possible to quickly peel off the bark, especially in an adult garden. And do not be afraid of small scratches on the living bark, we will cover them properly - for the benefit of the tree, and not just for the beauty of the landscape.

In general, how to prepare trees for whitewashing does not need further explanation, but what mixture is useful for autumn processing trunks - another question. Therefore, we present the composition of whitewash for trees, which is easy to prepare with your own hands:

Clay, slaked lime, mullein;
Clay, wood ash, mullein.

You can also splash Fitosporin-M and Fitoverm there to protect against pests and fungal diseases. Clay is bred with mullein approximately in half to the density of good sour cream, then applied to the trunk and skeletal branches of the usual paint brush. Lime or ash is enough for 1 glass per bucket of batch. For the winter, this is both protection from dry winds and a nutrient layer for the bark rejuvenated by your efforts. Such a composition keeps perfectly on the trunks all winter, the mullein glues the clay.

With the advent of a variety of biological products, it has become better in our time, because there is no need to poison the site with pesticides. We hope that now it will be easy for you to choose safe drugs and conduct spraying trees in autumn, as well as peel the bark of fruit trees for autumn whitewashing.

Autumn processing of the garden from pests and diseases consists of several stages: digging the soil, cleaning branches and foliage, and spraying the garden. I do not advise you to neglect these procedures if the harvest is dear to you. next year. If you have never done this before, this article will help you understand how and when to properly cultivate a garden.

When and why is processing carried out?

Start autumn processing when trees and shrubs shed their leaves. This time falls on the end of September - the beginning of October. For work, choose a dry, not rainy day, before the first frost. The main goals of autumn processing are to rid trees and shrubs of pests and their larvae, pathogens, rodents, and also to protect plants from frost. Weeds, fallen leaves, cut branches, rake in a pile, collect and burn outside the site. In some sources, I met advice to dig crumbled leaves of trees and shrubs into the ground to provide additional nutrition. I do not advise doing so. Often, insects lay their larvae precisely on the underside of the leaf, digging them into the ground will make their task easier. I would not leave leaves and straw with a layer of mulch either, so as not to attract rodents for wintering. Carefully dig around the trunk circles of the soil by 15-20 cm to get rid of pests and their larvae wintering in the ground. Perform this procedure carefully, use a rake so as not to injure the roots of plants. Let's take a closer look at the other two stages.

Whitewashing plant stems

Whitewashing the trunks of trees and shrubs will protect the tree from insects and pathogens. Already existing laid eggs are burned out with the help of whitewash. In addition, treated trunks tolerate frost more easily. Before you begin, lay the fabric around the trees. Use a scraper to remove old bark and moss from the tree. Disinfect the surface, treat wounds and cracks on the trunk garden pitch. Apply whitewash with a wide brush in several layers to a height of one and a half meters. Acrylic or water-based paints. Special formulations available for sale. But it is easy to make a solution yourself. To do this, you will need slaked lime, blue vitriol, glue or clay for binding and water. By adding carbolic acid to the solution, you will protect the garden from hares and rodents.

Spraying the garden

Autumn spraying of shrubs and trees is carried out using three main liquids: urea, copper and iron sulphate. Do not forget about safety precautions: work in the garden in a protective suit, gloves, with a respirator mask. Get a convenient one, based on the size of the cultivated area. A 5% urea solution will save plantings from scab. The trunk and branches of the plant, as well as the land around it, are subject to treatment for a fungal disease. But do not forget that urea contains nitrogen. This element starts vegetative processes in trees. In order not to expose the plant to frostbite, spray plantings with urea as close as possible to the cold. Treatment with a solution of ferrous sulfate (5-7%) will rid the garden of moss and lichen, in which insects love to lay their eggs. In addition, the solution nourishes the bark with iron, which helps in oxidative processes and prepares the plant for wintering. Stone and pome crops, grapes, currants and gooseberries from most fungal diseases will save a solution of copper sulfate.

For greater efficiency, lime is added to it and Bordeaux liquid is obtained. Spraying trees with Bordeaux liquid is appropriate in the fall. This solution leaves burns on the leaves, so its use in the spring is dangerous. And in the fall, boldly increase the concentration of the solution to 3%. Processing with this solution is the final stage in the autumn processing of the garden from diseases and pests.

Gardening will require patience and time from you. But this necessary complex procedures, without which you will not have to wait for a healthy harvest.

Treating the garden from pests and diseases in the fall is extremely important.

There are several reasons for this:

autumn gardening is a good preventive procedure, reducing the number of wintering pathogens;
autumn heat and humid air stimulate the reproduction of microbes and bacteria. at this time they penetrate the sap flow system and spread throughout the tree;
autumn processing of the garden is recommended at the beginning of leaf fall, and during this period the main work has already been completed, the gardener has more free time;
there is still a lot of time before the fruit ripens and you can apply more concentrated and effective mixtures;
special attention should be paid to the treatment of young trees. Them the immune system not yet strong and untreated trees may not survive until spring;
autumn treatment with increased concentrations of drugs destroys most of the insects settled for the winter.

Processing time

The optimal time for autumn processing it could be considered beginning of leaf fall.

At this time, the leaves have already turned yellow, but still remained on the tree and it is convenient to process them. Even high concentrations of solutions will not harm the tree - there is no longer any need for leaves.

Under the trees, the soil is not yet covered with fallen leaves and it also needs to be treated with a prepared pesticide. Thus, we will destroy the pests that have gone to winter in the soil and are waiting for warming from the foliage.

Tree preparation

Beginning in mid-autumn, trees begin to prepare for winter. You can increase the winter hardiness of trees by adding phosphorus and.

The bases of the skeletal branches and the trunk of the tree are cleaned of dead bark and pests hiding in its cracks. At the same time, the trunks and bases of the branches cover protective layer garden whitewash. The trunks of young trees are tied with roofing material, covering material or nylon tights.

How to spray fruit trees?

For spraying the garden in the autumn, you can use:

inkstone;
carbamide or urea;
drug 30B;
diesel fuel;
bischal;
soap-copper emulsion.

inkstone

Trees are treated with a solution of iron sulphate either before the start of the growing season, or with the onset of leaf fall. Dissolved in water, this powder helps fight diseases of pome and stone fruit trees, and berry bushes. The action of iron sulphate is detrimental to moniliosis, spotting, and scab.

For processing the garden, a 5-7% solution of the substance is used. To prepare the working fluid, you must:

500-700 g of powder is dissolved in a small amount of warm water;
after complete dissolution, the volume of liquid is adjusted to 10 l;
strained mixture is poured into a sprayer;
set up a very fine spray;
evenly cover the leaves and branches with a solution, it’s not scary if some of the liquid gets on the ground. It also needs to be sprayed.

blue vitriol

Wasp copper sulfate or copper sulfate is a recognized fungicide that helps in the fight against spotting, rot, scab, coccomycosis, lichens.

The working solution of copper sulphate for garden treatment should have a concentration of 3-5%. It is prepared in the same way as iron sulphate, only 300-500 g of powder is taken for the same amount of water. Prepare and use in the same way.

Urea or urea

The use of urea or carbamide for fall gardening involves tilling the trees and the soil underneath. The term for such processing is the beginning of leaf fall. A strong solution of urea is able to burn out all wintering forms of pests and diseases.

Urea

The procedure for processing trees:

700 g of urea or carbamide are dissolved in 10 liters of water;
process unfallen leaves and tree trunks;
the trunk circle is treated with the same tool.

It is necessary to use such a liquid for autumn garden processing as late as possible. nitrogen, the loading dose of which is contained in the solution, can cause the growth of new shoots. In the spring, it is not necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers under trees treated with urea.

Preparation 30v

Insect-acaricidal "Preparation 30V" destroys in the garden and on berry bushes wintering pests: scale insects, whiteflies, leafworms, aphids, ticks, moths.

Preparation 30V

The drug disrupts the air and water balance of insects, leading them to death. Pests cannot adapt to the action of the drug, it can be used annually. The advantages of the tool include environmental Safety, high efficiency, excellent adhesion, the ability to use the whole season from spring to autumn. The drug has a contact effect, it must be applied without leaving untreated areas.

The drug is very easy to breed. It is simply dissolved in water and used within the next 2 hours after dilution.

Treatments are carried out at an outdoor temperature above +4°C.

The concentration of the solution for the treatment of trees and shrubs is 3-4%.

The protective effect of the drug lasts from 5 to 10 days. You can harvest after processing after 20 days.

Diesel fuel or diesel fuel (DT)

diesel fuel

Solar oil is an oily liquid. After treating the tree with such a liquid, an oil film is formed on the surface of the bark, which destroys pests, clogging their respiratory openings.

Diesel fuel, being the result of oil refining, is not considered an environmentally friendly substance, and therefore it is dangerous to use it in the spring. It is best to use such a tool in the fall, by the time of harvest it will completely disintegrate and will not remain in ripened fruits.

Successful recipes for the use of diesel fuel:

1 part of ferrous sulfate is dissolved in 10 parts of water;
add 10 parts of lime milk 10% concentration;
20 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting mixture;
the resulting mixture is used to process plantings after leaf fall.

Another successful recipe:

5 parts of clay are dissolved in 5 parts of water;
20 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting mixture;
plantings are treated with the resulting emulsion.

Another solution that is effective in pest control:

grind 1 part of laundry soap;
the chips are dissolved in 9 parts of water;
10 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting solution;
we process the garden with the resulting emulsion.

Using diesel fuel, you need to remember that its density and water are very different, and you won’t be able to get a complete solution. When mixing water and diesel fuel, an emulsion is formed, which is very quickly divided into two fractions. Keeping this in mind, when working with such a mixture, you need to periodically shake the solution.

Bordeaux liquid

Bordeaux mixture

Bordeaux liquid is a mixture of copper sulfate and lime in a 1: 1 ratio. This mixture destroys the foci of diseases (moniliosis, spotting, rot and fungal diseases, scab), and also destroys wintering forms of insects.

To prepare Bordeaux liquid, you will need lime, blue vitriol, water, any non-metallic utensils and litmus paper:

in non-metallic containers in small quantities hot water dilute 1 kg of copper sulfate and bring to 50 l;
in another container, 1 kg of quicklime is quenched and the solution is diluted to 50 liters, filtered;
immediately before use, both solutions are combined - in milk of lime add a solution of copper sulfate (but not vice versa).
the resulting mixture is checked with litmus paper - the reaction of the solution should be neutral;
for better adhesion of the solution per 100 liters of liquid, add 100 g of sugar or 5 cups of paste;
Ready mixture can be purchased at a garden store.

Bordeaux mixture should be used in warm, dry, calm weather. Up to 10 liters are used per tree.

Bishal

Bischofite (Bishal)

Autumn and early spring processing of fruit trees can be carried out using the Bishal preparation. This is a solution natural remedy bischofite. It contains almost all microelements necessary for plants.

Depending on the concentration, trees can be treated with this solution before bud break or before leaf fall, a garden can be cultivated on a green leaf, and can be used to soak seeds.

Autumn treatment of the garden with a solution of bishali will destroy pests prepared for wintering, bacterial, viral and fungal infections.

For autumn processing, bischal is bred in a ratio of 1:10.

Bishal, like urea, burns out all the infection that remains in the cracks of the bark, but unlike urea, it contains many essential trace elements.

The advantages of bishali include the absence of a waiting period after processing the garden.

Soap copper emulsion

Another tool for autumn garden processing is a soap-copper emulsion. The recipe for its preparation is very simple:

10 g of copper sulfate are dissolved in 0.5 l of water;
separately in warm water dilute 100 g of planed laundry soap;
a solution of soap is added to the solution of copper sulfate, the volume of the mixture is adjusted to 10 l;
if the water is hard (flakes appear in the solution), you can add 50 g of soda ash.

With a high number of wintering pests or a strong infection with an infection, the doses of soap and copper sulfate are increased by 2-3 times.

First of all, spraying is carried out for protection fruit trees from beetles, butterflies, aphids and caterpillars.

For example, when spraying an apple tree, you can protect this tree from aphids that form nodules on the bark. And in cases where the aphids are not stopped in time, in addition to the apple tree, it will also begin to infect pear, plum, cherry plum and apricot.

That is, in these trees, at first the leaves will begin to curl, after which they will also fall off.

The plum is also sprayed to protect against the May beetle, which is engaged in eating the ovaries of fruits and leaves.

In cases with a young garden, the larvae of this insect also damage the roots. This can result in the death of the entire plant.

Apple, plum, pear and cherry, thanks to spraying, from caterpillars and butterflies, can save not only their leaves, but also their fruits, including during the ripening period.

How to spray trees in autumn and spring?

There are a lot of tools that can be used to cultivate a garden. They can be used as in spring, as well as in autumn.

But we will now analyze the most popular preparations for spraying trees. :

1) Copper sulfate. During the summer season, this drug is recommended to be used twice. The first time - at the beginning of spring, while the leaves have not yet appeared on the trees, since when it is diluted in the recommended proportions, it can damage young leaves.

The second time in the fall - after the period of leaf fall.

Copper sulphate is also used as a disinfectant for plant wounds.

Usually this drug is used when processing plums, apple trees (in autumn - at the end of October, in spring - at the beginning of March).

It is best to spray fruit trees in the morning or evening, in calm weather, at temperatures from +5 to +30 ° C.

The consumption rate for one fruit-bearing tree is about 10 liters already ready solution, and for a seedling about 2 liters.

Copper sulfate is considered a very aggressive drug, and therefore it is best to breed it away from people and animals.

It is also necessary to take care that its remains do not fall into the well or other sources of water.

2) Carbamide (urea). Trees are sprayed with carbamide a week after flowering, and when preparing trees for winter period.

With the help of a urea solution of a weaker concentration (per 10 liters of water 50 g), it will be possible to spray Orchard one week after flowering. Thus, you can protect fruit trees from leafworm caterpillars, suckers, flower beetles, aphids, etc.

In autumn, trees are sprayed with urea after more than 40-50% of the foliage has fallen. In this case, the solution should be stronger than during the flowering period (500 g per 10 liters of water).

But you can also wait until the trees are completely shedding their leaves and apply a solution of more concentrated urea (7-10%), thereby preparing your garden plot for the next season.

In this case, you are spraying not only trunks and branches, but also the soil, and therefore this solution will serve you as a fungicide and fertilizer.

But if you hurry up and apply this high concentration agent earlier, it is possible that the leaves of the trees may get burned, and therefore they will fall off ahead of schedule.

And this means that the trees will not have time to get in the right amount nutrients, so necessary for her in preparation for the winter period.

3) Iron vitriol. This drug is used twice a year (in autumn and spring), when the plants begin to turn green and when they are preparing for the winter period.

When spraying plants with copper sulphate, two tasks are simultaneously solved, that is, the trees receive the iron they need, which plays an important role in the respiration of plantings, but also this drug is an excellent protection against pests.

If your garden is already old, that is, the trees (pear, apple, plum, etc.) are already old, then we must spray this remedy in early spring and in the fall, which can help you not only in pest control, but also in the destruction of lichen, cytosporosis, moss, septoria, black cancer.

And thanks to this, your trees in the coming year will be able to accelerate the growth rate and increase yields.

4) Preparation 30. This drug is used when spraying apple trees, plums, pears, etc.

It is advisable to use it in early spring and late autumn(for 10 liters of water 200 g).

Thanks to the treatment of trees with “Preparation 30”, you can get rid of whiteflies, leafworms, moths, aphids, scale insects, suckers, red and brown fruit mites, which have wintered on the bark all this time.

But besides this, this remedy can help you in the fight against larvae in the summer.

According to the manufacturer, this drug is absolutely safe for the tree itself, since not various substances are used in pest control, but thin film formed after processing on the bark of a tree.

That is, in pests (in the stage of larvae or eggs) that fall under treatment, the water balance and gas exchange are disturbed, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for their existence, which leads to their death.

5) Diesel fuel. Diesel fuel can also be used, as in spring processing, thai and autumn. But it must be used very carefully. Since with improper spraying, burns may appear on the trees or, even worse, die.

And therefore to this method processing must be treated with great responsibility.

In the spring, it is best to treat the trees with diesel fuel before the formation of leaves and buds, and in the fall, wait until all the leaves have fallen.

For spraying trees, diesel fuel in its pure form cannot be used. A large amount of water and other substances are added to it, which can reduce its destructive activity.

How to spray trees in autumn?

Autumn spraying of trees is an important part of closing the season and preparing garden plot to the winter period. It will be possible to start this procedure in October - November, that is, when the trees shed their leaves, and therefore the possibility of damaging them with chemicals is excluded.

In preparation for processing, we remove lichens and old bark from trees over 6 years old. By themselves, the old bark and lichens cannot harm plants, but pathogens of various diseases and pests can overwinter there.

The latest processing is carried out after the first frosts, but before that we still need to remove foliage, weeds and fallen branches from the site, that is, everything that has managed to accumulate during the season.

Most of the trees growing just by the roads in cities and small settlements, do not look very attractive. On their leaves and trunks you can often see the most different insects, also greens, branches and fruits usually do not look very healthy. The thing is that most often no one cares for such trees: they do not receive either the necessary nutrients or protection from diseases and aggressive pests. BUT experienced gardeners know that it is necessary to devote time and attention to the processing of horticultural crops. In particular, we all know that spring processing in the garden of fruit trees from pests and diseases is very, very important. But when it's autumn, spring is far away. But during this time, too, something can be done. Let's talk a little more about how to process the garden in the fall from diseases.

The treatment of trees and shrubs in the garden in autumn to protect against diseases consists mainly in spraying plants with fungicides. If you skip this stage in the care of the garden, pathogens may well spread to all cultures. And warm and humid spring weather will contribute to the active reproduction of aggressive particles.

How to treat the garden from diseases in the fall?

Urea

Until mid-October, carbamide is used to treat plants from diseases. It is a wonderful tool for the prevention of fungal diseases, scab and spotting. However, you should not use it later, it will only harm the trees and may even cause their death. Urea is great for spraying apple, pear and other crops.

To prepare the solution, prepare five hundred to six hundred grams of urea. Dilute it in ten liters of water. Spray both the tree and the soil around it. Also, it will not be superfluous to process nearby plants so that diseases do not pass from one culture to another.

inkstone

This tool is great for autumn processing. garden plants. But you need to use it a little later than urea - towards the end of October-beginning of November. Iron vitriol well destroys lichen, scab, cytosporosis, black cancer, etc. It also effectively saturates plants nutrients and improves oxidative processes.

To prepare a spray solution, you need to prepare one kilogram of dry powder. Dilute it in one faith of water.

Bordeaux liquid

Such a solution perfectly helps to cope with a number of fungal diseases, including scab and putrefactive diseases. Bordeaux liquid can be purchased at a specialized store or you can cook it yourself. To do this, it is worth diluting two hundred grams of copper sulfate in ten liters cold water. Also, in parallel, it is worth mixing two hundred grams of slaked lime with ten liters of water. Combine both mixtures together and use for spraying.

blue vitriol

Such a tool can also be used for autumn processing of plants. It is most often used to fight scab, powdery mildew, spotting, putrefactive diseases, etc. Usually, copper sulfate is used to process plums, apple trees, and pears. But besides, such a remedy is well suited for the whole garden: for the prevention and elimination of moniliosis, curly hair, etc. Copper sulfate, unlike iron sulfate, does not nourish the culture with nutrients.
To prepare a spray solution, dilute one hundred grams of copper sulfate granules in ten liters of water.

How to handle trees?

The agent chosen for spraying must be homogeneous. Therefore, it must be thoroughly mixed with water and only then poured into the apparatus. Otherwise, one part of the plant may be treated with a very weak solution, and the second with too concentrated. And it can do a lot of damage to crops. Also, it will not be superfluous to shake the mixture for spraying from time to time.

Processing the garden from diseases in the fall is a responsible matter! But before her, do not forget to protect yourself: put on goggles, a respiratory mask, rubber gloves.

Preparations for processing should be applied during spraying as evenly as possible. They should cover branches, foliage (urea), and a tree pole. In order for your solution to dew, hold the tip of the sprayer at intervals of seventy to eighty centimeters from the plant.

In this case, be sure to pay attention to all sides of the branches, bends, and forks.

After finishing work, do not forget to wash all parts of the device. Also be sure to wash your face and wash your hands and rinse your mouth.

To maximize the effectiveness of spraying in the garden, treat the entire area. Also treat the near-stem circles of plants.

How else to process trees in the garden from diseases in the fall?

In order to really protect your garden from diseases, it is imperative to sanitize plants: cut off broken, diseased and frozen branches. In this case, you must not forget to treat the cut with garden putty, it is better to purchase a special putty in a specialized store, such products contain insecticides. It is also necessary to clean the plants from the old bark and lichens, and, of course, whitewash the tree trunks.

Fallen leaves and cut branches must be removed from the site. Then you should dig up the soil in the garden, including in the near-stem circles.

Even if only young and completely healthy plants grow in your garden, you should not ignore the procedures for protecting them from diseases and pests in the autumn season. After all, prevention is best method treatment. Therefore, we will continue the topic of caring for the garden in the fall and will soon talk about how to treat the garden in the fall from pests.

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