Soil fertility: what you need to know about fertilizer. Fertilizing plants during planting: general information and methods for different crops in different conditions

In the spring, along with the awakening of nature, summer residents also become more active, because the hot season is coming. To get a good harvest in the fall, it is necessary from the beginning of the season to prepare the soil for future beds, picking up necessary fertilizers in required quantities. At the same time, the needs of the crops with which they plan to plant the beds are taken into account. Experienced gardeners know how to feed the garden and how to do it right. A similar question arises, as a rule, for beginners who decide to master the science of growing vegetables and flowers on their site. The need to fertilize the land is dictated by the annual depletion of resources. If you do not enrich the soil with useful nutrients, then the yield will decrease every year.

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for applying all types of fertilizers to the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. Start the procedure after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading top dressing over the snow, but with this method, the introduced substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fed without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops It is recommended to feed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development.

When depositing funds, you cannot act on the principle: the more, the better. Because organic and mineral substances introduced in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

Organic top dressing: advantages and disadvantages

Organic include:

• manure or humus;
• bird droppings"
• peat;
• compost.

Organics, which loosen the soil perfectly, contain many useful trace elements. In the village, these fertilizers are in abundance in every farmstead, so they can be bought inexpensively. Considering that organic matter is applied once every three years, too much money will not be required for this. The best effect on soil fertility is humus (rotted manure), which is scattered over the site for three to four weeks before digging the earth and planting vegetables.

For spring application pre-prepared organic fertilizers are suitable for the soil. Decomposed manure, which has turned into humus in a couple of years, increases the fertility of the land many times

A ten-liter bucket of humus is distributed on one square meter of the garden, which can be replaced with peat or compost. Here's how to make your own compost:

Organic top dressing, in addition to obvious advantages, has a number of disadvantages, namely:

• some substances (fresh manure, bird droppings) can simply "burn" the roots of plants;
• a large amount of funds that need to be delivered to the site and distributed with a lot of physical effort;
• the danger of infection with vegetable flies onions and carrots;
• problems with the search in the absence of nearby farms and personal farmsteads;
• strong specific odour.

There is also an interesting Mitlider method, more on the video:

Here is another video example independent production fertilizers:

Minerals - the key to high yields

It is easier to work with mineral fertilizers, as they are sold in concentrated form in all specialized stores. However, when calculating the volume of their introduction, special care must be taken. The dosages recommended by the manufacturers should be followed, depending on the needs of the crops grown in a particular place in the garden plot. Granular phosphorus and nitrogen supplements are applied in accordance with established norms into the soil in the spring just before digging it. In this case, useful trace elements will be in close proximity to the root system of plants. The recommended depth of the granules is approximately 20 cm.

Many gardeners are biased towards mineral nutrition, believing that "chemistry" is harmful to the earth and the plants growing on it. Of course, the structure of the soil does not improve from the introduction mineral resources. For this purpose, organic matter is needed. But plants get access to all the trace elements necessary for growth, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium-based preparations contribute to faster fruit ripening. Complex fertilizers, which include two or even three components, are able to satisfy the need of plants for all nutrients. Complex top dressings are available in the form of liquid or granules.

Mineral fertilizers in granules are applied in the spring in strictly defined doses to the soil, thereby providing the plants with all the necessary nutrients.

For ten square meters of a garden in the spring, they usually make:

• 300–350 g of nitrogen supplements (ammonium nitrate, urea or urea);
• 250 g - phosphorus agents;
• 200 g - potassium substances that can be replaced with wood ash.

In summer, during intensive plant growth, top dressing is repeated, but the dose of all fertilizers is reduced three times.

Granular superphosphate is a universal nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer suitable for use on all types of soil. Provides nutrition for crops grown in the country or garden

Unlike organic fertilizers, mineral complexes must be applied to the soil annually. and funds for the acquisition mineral dressings must be distinguished from family budget more. Naturally, the return on investment will not have to wait long. In autumn, the site will delight you with a rich harvest, and flower crops will begin to bring aesthetic pleasure even earlier.

Autumn - over auspicious time for fertilizing the soil and preparing the garden and vegetable garden for spring. After all, in winter the earth rests and can effectively process all the components in it.

Natural and synthetic additives

Gardeners know that after harvesting, the soil should be prepared for the next season. But not everyone knows what can be used as fertilizer if there is no manure. Some replace this supplement with complex preparations. Others apply fertilizer separately. Such methods are incorrect, since during the winter most useful properties may evaporate. Therefore, you should know what is better to make in the fall and what in the spring. It is also necessary to know that not all fertilizers are universal. Autumn fertilizers can be used to fertilize the soil under trees and shrubs, and some are only used for garden crops.

Bird droppings endowed organic components and is the most effective tool as a fertilizer. It is good to make such an additive under strawberries, but not in spring and not in summer, since bird droppings consist of a caustic substance and can have a detrimental effect on plants. In addition to the fact that top dressing should be used prepared, it should not be allowed to get on the roots of the culture. This fertilizer is best used in the fall. But before use, bird droppings must ferment and then settle. It must be applied after dilution with water. Fertilizer will be more effective if applied to the soil in the fall. If the earth is dug up, then such organic matter is added in its original form, without preparation and dilution in a liquid. Fertilize the soil with bird droppings every few years. If you make it annually, you can harm the plants.

Use of compost

If there is no bird droppings and manure, you can use compost, which is then dug up along with the ground. Some cover the surface of the soil with compost before plowing. No, as practice has shown, this is not The best way. After harvesting the entire crop, it is necessary to remove all weeds and spread the compost in an even layer. It will be better if, in conclusion, the supplement is poured with an EM preparation. It is diluted in water (instructions are included in each package). After processing, the soil is loosened with a Fokin flat cutter and left until spring. With this method, the soil remains fertile and does not turn sour. Such top dressing allows you not to make additives in the spring.

Compost is suitable as fertilizer for potatoes. It is distributed on the site in autumn, and with the onset of heat, tubers are planted. Thanks to this method, the harvest is harvested 2 weeks earlier. Fertilizer is used for growing early vegetable plants.

How to fertilize fruit trees in the fall?

Both garden and horticultural crops need additional feeding. For this purpose, you can use compost, which will serve as a protection for the roots of trees. This substrate is laid around the trunk in an even layer along the entire diameter and left for the winter until the onset of spring. Then the soil is loosened. Thus, useful material, which are part of the substrate, are in the depth of the soil and have a positive effect on the root system.

Should ash be used as fertilizer?

In autumn, organic matter is also added to the soil. However, it must be done correctly. Ash is rich in potassium. It must be added to clay heavy soil. The application rate based on the calculation is a glass of ash per 1 m2. If the earth is soft, then it is pointless to add ash, since it will still be washed out of the soil with melt water. This additive is considered ideal for enriching the earth with potassium, as well as as a fight against harmful insects. Future beds for onions and garlic are well sprinkled with ashes. This procedure is done in the fall before the onset of cold weather. Fertilizer is applied in a thick layer (from 1 cm or more) so that it tightly covers the area. Thus, winter onions and garlic can be protected.

Top dressings to use in the fall

Among the fertilizers that are applied to the soil in the fall, in addition to organic, there may also be synthetic ones. This is superphosphate endowed with phosphorus. This element hard to dissolve in the ground. For this reason, it must be applied in the fall in order to allow the main element to completely dissolve in a few months. And in the summer, this substance can nourish any culture. Using additives for digging in the fall, you need to pay attention to the instructions from the manufacturer and be guided by it. Here http://spsad.com.ua/catalog/dlya-ovoshchnykh/ fertilizers for vegetables are presented at affordable prices.

- double superphosphate. 20-30 g will be needed for 1 square meter;

- granulated superphosphate. Up to 40 g of funds are spent per 1 square meter.

Ammonized superphosphate is not applied to the soil in the fall, as it will evaporate during the winter. Together with superphosphates, fertilizers are added to the soil, which include potassium. It turns out that phosphorus dissolves better simultaneously with potassium.

Phosphate flour. Is it worth it?

Among the fertilizers used in autumn period, there is also phosphate rock, which is added to leached chernozems and poor soddy-podzolic soil. This remedy is natural. It's actually shredded rocks. Additives should be made in the fall for digging in conjunction with manure. Thus, phosphorus will be better dissolved in the soil. You need to know that calcium is included in the composition of phosphate rock, so it is not used for all plants. The main advantage of this fertilizer is naturalness. For humans, the supplement is absolutely harmless.

Urea as an organic fertilizer

Any gardener-gardener should know that the future harvest will depend on the work on the site in the fall. The additives that should be used during this period include urea, which is a nitrogen supplement. It is also called urea. The main substance in its composition is amide nitrogen. This component allows you to use urea in the autumn. After all, it is known that it makes no sense to introduce nitrogen in the fall. But the amide substance contained in urea retains nitrogen in the soil. Fertilizer is used in the fall, introducing it into the soil along with phosphorus top dressing under fruit trees. You can use nitrogen supplements in the spring. But then there will be less time for mastering.

Before? how to fertilize, chalk or limestone is used to neutralize superphosphate. However, we must not forget about the right proportions: a kilogram of superphosphate is used with 100 grams of chalk or limestone. Carbamide (two parts) is added to this mixture. All mix and fertilize the soil. Approximately 130-140 g of the composition will be needed per 1 square meter. Fruit trees are fed with urea with manure. In this case, you can reduce the amount of carbamide to 40 grams per 1 square meter.

Potassium sulfate

It is used in conjunction with nitrogen and phosphorus top dressing. This preparation is often fertilized with soil under raspberries, gooseberries, currants, as well as under strawberries and strawberries. With the help of potassium sulphate, introduced into the ground in autumn, shrubs more easily endure winter with its cold and frost. 30 grams of this fertilizer is enough for 1 square meter.

Calcium chloride

Used as a feed for potatoes. It is scattered over the fields in autumn. The product is suitable for soil on which crops that do not tolerate chloride additives will be planted in the spring. This substance is unstable. After application, after 5-6 months, it evaporates or dissolves in melt water, leaving calcium. 20 grams of additive is enough for 1 square meter. If microelements are added separately to the soil in autumn, only a small part of them can be preserved in the spring, which cannot affect the crop yield.

In the spring, one of the main tasks is to fertilize the soil. What fertilizers to choose for this and how to fertilize the land in the spring in the country, if there is no manure? This will be discussed in this article.

Often used as a fertilizer garden plots siderats are used more and more often. Siderates are plants that are sown and then plowed into the ground, thereby improving its composition. The following crops are used as green manure crops:

• buckwheat;
• wheat
• oats;
• lupine;
• mustard and some other plants.

When sowing plants for fertilizer, those of them are selected that have well-developed roots and a large amount of vegetative mass. Such plants should have a short growth period, which is why they are planted as green manure. . What plants to plant to improve the soil depends on its condition. Grain crops planted as fertilizer are equal in productivity to horse or cow manure.

Green manure is often used as a fertilizer in garden plots.

root system such plantings are well branched, it loosens the soil, while enriching it with oxygen, the structure of the soil is improved, the upper layer of the earth is healed. In the process of growing such plantations, the soil is more saturated with moisture, its acidity decreases, and the soil is disinfected. And these positive traits the soil retains for several years after growing green manure on it.

Legumes planted on the site saturate the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus. These elements contribute to the rapid growth of the vegetative mass of garden crops and fruit trees. And rye is a supplier of potassium to the soil. Rye grows very fast, so it can be used as a green manure not only in the autumn, but also in the spring, immediately after the snow melts. Marigolds or marigolds should be used to disinfect the area. In order to better deal with Colorado potato beetle on the site, you should regularly use parsnips or alfalfa as green manure.

When choosing what to plant on the site to improve the composition of the soil, it should be remembered that vegetable crops grow better after certain plants. Rye contributes better growth potatoes, tomatoes or cucumbers.

In spring, plants like green manure are usually planted in near-stem circles of fruit trees. These plantings throughout the season will improve the soil minerals and nitrogen, will not allow weeds to grow and multiply, and at the time of flowering of fruit trees, these plants will attract flying insects and thereby improve the pollination of trees.

Organic fertilizers for summer cottages (video)

Fertilizing the land with manure in spring

In the spring, fresh manure is not introduced into the soil, because it can burn the root system of planted vegetable plants. Therefore, as a top dressing of the soil in spring time usually use rotted horse dung or cow. Usually, manure is harvested during the summer and autumn, and only applied to the ground. in early spring. This organic fertilizer saturates the soil with nitrogen, which is essential for cultivated plants during the growth period - this microelement accelerates the growth of shoots and vegetative mass. In addition to nitrogen, manure contains other macro and microelements necessary for the full development of cultivated plants in the garden.

Usually, manure should be applied to the soil immediately after the snow has melted. Usually, this organic fertilizer is spread over the area just before digging the soil after the ground has warmed up sufficiently after winter. However, when entering organic dressingsshould be remembered that their excess is also harmful to plants, as well as the shortage. 10 kg of manure is applied per 1 m 2 of soil - this amount of this organic fertilizer is quite enough to saturate the soil with useful substances.

As top dressing of the soil in the spring, rotted horse manure or mullein is usually used.

If there is not too much manure to fertilize the entire garden with it, then this rotted organic fertilizer is applied directly to the planting holes.

As a feed in spring period slurry can also be used. It is prepared as follows: rotted manure is diluted with liquid (5 liters of water are taken per 1 kilogram of manure). Such fruit trees and planted vegetable plants are fertilized with liquid top dressing in spring. Particularly responsive to such feeding berry bushes, strawberry, apple, pear, stone fruit trees.

The introduction of rotted manure improves the composition of the soil, so it is also used as mulch. The introduction of this organic fertilizer helps plants absorb the applied mineral fertilizers faster and better. So experienced gardeners and introduce manure into the soil during the spring.

When there was no rotted manure in the spring, it can be replaced with wood ash

How to fertilize the land if there is no manure

When there was no rotted manure in the spring, it can be replaced with other organic matter. It can be:

• chicken manure;
• riding peat;
• rotted compost mass;
• sawdust from trees;
• straw;
• wood ash and other similar fertilizers.

These top dressings, when applied to the soil, contribute to its loosening, enrich the depleted soil with the necessary macro and microelements, help build up the vegetative mass and develop all cultivated plants Location on.

How to apply mineral fertilizers (video)

When and how to feed the earth in spring with mineral fertilizers

In addition to organics, mineral additives should also be added in the spring. Gardeners select the composition of such fertilizers, taking into account the general condition of the soil, the crops that will be planted in specific areas, and many other factors.

The term for applying mineral dressings in the spring depends on when the snow melts in the garden. It is not worth scattering such dressings on the snow that has not melted.- most of the fertilizer can "float away" with the melt water. Introduce into near-trunk circles mineral fertilizers possible even when the ground has not completely thawed. But under the planted vegetable crops, mineral supplements are poured directly prepared holes.

The term for applying mineral dressings in the spring depends on when the snow melts in the garden.

In the spring, the following mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil:

1. Containing nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate). These top dressings accelerate the gaining of vegetative mass by plants, stimulate the growth of the root system, and contribute to obtaining high yields.
2. Fertilizers containing phosphorus (superphosphates and double superphosphates) are also very important for plants in the spring. After all, these trace elements stimulate the growth of plants, as well as their development. The rate of application of such fertilizers is considered to be 1 glass per 1 m2.

When using mineral fertilizers as spring dressings, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all instructions for the use of these additives, as well as the doses required for application to the soil. This takes into account the types of soil in which fertilizers are applied, and those plants that need to be fed.

The main disadvantage when applying mineral dressings in the spring is their possible leaching from the soil during the spring rains.

When using mineral fertilizers as spring dressings, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all instructions for the use of these additives.

Features of the application of nitrogen fertilizers

When applying nitrogen fertilizers, the following features should be considered:

1. Nitrogen contributes to the growth of the vegetative mass, the rapid growth of shoots and the root system, therefore, it is applied under any plants and trees at a certain period - in spring and early summer - when these cultivated plants are actively growing. But during the period of flowering, fruiting and subsequent preparation for winter, nitrogen should not be applied so as not to provoke excessive foliage growth in trees and shrubs to the detriment of a ripening crop.
2. The amount of nitrogen in the soil should be sufficient for plants, but its excess is harmful. Therefore, you should not get carried away with the introduction of organic fertilizers (especially mullein or other types of manure) and adhere to certain standards when applying such fertilizers.

Nitrogen contributes to the growth of the vegetative mass, the rapid growth of shoots and the root system

Universal fertilizers for horticultural and horticultural crops

There are a large number on sale, in which all the necessary mineral elements and others are present. nutrients required by plants. The introduction of such complex dressings allows you to immediately introduce into the soil all the elements that are needed. And the composition of such fertilizers can be different- depending on the type of soil and the characteristics of the growth of cultivated plants grown on the site.

When using these top dressings, it is necessary to follow the instructions for their use and in no case reduce or increase the dosage unnecessarily.

Spring is the base period for all plants. Developing horticultural and horticultural crops need a complete feeding with nutrients so that in the fall they bring bountiful harvest. To achieve good results, the gardener must know which fertilizers can be applied in the spring, and which ones are better to refuse.

Spring top dressing

With the onset of warm days, trees and perennials growing season. After winter dormancy, sap flow and active growth begin. A similar process occurs in garden crops planted with seedlings or sown with grains in the ground. Plants try to gain strength by absorbing nutrients from the earth. However, even the most fertile soil unable to provide adequate nutrition without human intervention. The way out of the situation is top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Soil enrichment cannot be done by everyone that comes to hand. Each plant, tree or shrub requires a balanced and complete feeding with those substances that are lacking in the soil. Experienced vegetable growers independently make up a combined diet of mineral and organic fertilizers, guided by soil analyzes.

It is important to know! Fertilizer applied to the soil more than the prescribed norm will only harm the plant. An excess of nutrients will result in a poor harvest.

Terms of work

Deciding what fertilizer to apply and how much is half the battle. You need to know the optimal timing of the work so that top dressing is beneficial. Conventionally, the time of fertilization in the spring is divided into three periods:

1. Soil fertilization in the snow. The biggest mistake is to scatter mineral fertilizers in early spring over the unmelted snow cover. Most of the nutrients will go with melt water outside the garden. Unfertilized areas will appear, as well as places with a large accumulation of minerals. The method is suitable only for large farms that did not feed the fields in the fall, and a large amount of work lies ahead in early spring. Organics in the snow, in general, cannot be scattered.
2. Fertilizing the soil before sowing or planting seedlings. An ideal period for all cultures. The fertilizer will have time to dissolve, evenly distributed throughout the area. root system young plant after planting, they will immediately receive nutrients. To achieve the optimal effect, the scattered fertilizer is covered with a layer of earth.
3. Applying fertilizer to the hole during sowing or planting seedlings. An effective but dangerous method that requires a lot of experience. The root system immediately receives a large concentrate of substances. Mistakes with the dose will destroy the plant.

A novice gardener should adhere to the second period of fertilizing the soil - before planting garden crops. This rule is also suitable for flower growers. Fruit trees can be fed even before the ground around the trunk is completely thawed.

Advice! With any feeding option, you should not immediately apply a large portion of fertilizer. It is better to divide the process into 2-3 times at short intervals.

organic fertilizers

The most popular top dressing in rural areas is organic. Fertilizer for many gardeners is free, but it works no worse store-bought drugs.

Compost

Effective fertilizer consists of decomposed organic waste. The rotting process takes place in a pit or heap fenced with shields. For the preparation of compost, the tops of garden crops, weeds, sawdust, foliage from trees, and any food waste are used. Rapid decay of organic matter occurs at a temperature of +40 ° C.

Properly prepared compost can replace mineral fertilizers. To do this, organics are not just randomly thrown into a heap, but alternate wet and dry layers. Succulent vegetation is mixed with sawdust or dry foliage. Complete nutrients are obtained by adding bird droppings or fresh manure from pets. Phosphorus flour will help enrich organic matter with microelements. For 100 kg of decaying waste, 2 kg of the substance is added. Peat gives good results, but it forms an acidic environment. Wood ash will help restore balance.

Advice! To speed up decay, each layer of organic waste is sprinkled with earth. In a hot dry summer, a bunch is watered, but the water should not stand in a puddle. Retain moisture and maintain optimal temperature film cover will help.

Manure

Organics are obtained from used pet bedding. The basis is fresh manure mixed with straw, grass or wood shavings. The fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other useful substances. To prepare manure, the dirty litter is piled up and covered on top. plastic wrap. The rotting process lasts at least 1 year. The finished organics are scattered with pitchforks over the site and evenly distributed with a rake.

Attention! Not rotted manure can only be used for warm beds.

Humus

The composition of organic matter includes manure or compost that has rotted for two or more years. Ready humus is determined by friability and earthy smell. The substance obtained is considered universal fertilizer suitable for top dressing, mulching, adding to the wells when planting seedlings.

bird droppings

In terms of the amount of useful substances, organic matter is ahead of mullein. Pure manure is highly concentrated and is used only for composting. In a diluted form, organic matter is ideal for feeding garden crops, especially tomatoes. Sourdough is made from 1 part manure and 10 parts water. The fermented infusion is diluted with water at the rate of 1:4 and the plants are poured under the root with this solution.

Ash

The most useful ash for vegetation is obtained by burning young tree branches and straw. The substance is rich in potassium, which helps to reduce the acidity of the soil. Ash serves as a good top dressing for most garden crops, except for carrots. Tomatoes, potatoes react well to the substance, Bell pepper.

Peat

If the site is not located on peatlands, then this organic matter will have to be bought. Peat is used in the arrangement of beautiful lawns. The substance is evenly scattered over the site, crushed with earth, and after a day they begin to sow the seeds. Peat is well suited for soil mulching, especially around the trunks of three-year-old apple tree seedlings.

Bacterial fertilizers

The drug is more used in the cultivation of flowers, as well as garden crops. The composition contains living microorganisms that help plants absorb nutrients from the soil. A striking example is humus, but there are also more concentrated preparations. Bacterial fertilizers are applied in spring to warm soil during seed sowing.

Sapropel

The tablet preparation is made from organic deposits of the bottom of the reservoir. Tablets are applied during soil preparation or during crop sowing. The drug is covered with earth, otherwise it is useless.

Mineral fertilizers

Top dressing with minerals helps to increase productivity, plant development, as well as normalize the acid balance of the soil. Fertilizers can neutralize acid or, conversely, oxidize alkaline soil. The composition includes inorganic substances that protect garden crops from fungal diseases. Packaged fertilizers are sold. Each package contains instructions for use. Plants are fed with minerals annually.

Nitrogen

This type of fertilizer includes: urea, saltpeter and ammonium sulfate.

Top dressing with these substances is in demand for soil where organic matter was not added. Nitrogen-containing preparations are used in early spring in the initial period of plant vegetation. Fertilizers do not tend to accumulate in the ground, which is why they are applied periodically in parts of 300 g / m 2. Nitrogen contributes to the growth, development and flowering of the plant, as well as the formation of the ovary.

Potash

The preparations are applied to the soil at the rate of 200 g/m 2 . Potassium develops the resistance of green spaces to cold weather and even a drop in temperature to a negative level. Fertilizer accelerates the ripening of fruits, promotes branching of the root system.

Phosphoric

In spring, phosphorus-containing substances are in demand by plants along with nitrogen. The following preparations are best known to gardeners: double superphosphate, phosphate rock and superphosphate.

Phosphorus contributes to the rapid growth of the plant stem and its further development. The drug is applied at the rate of 250 g/m 2 of land.

Mineral fertilizers differ in composition. The simplest are single-component preparations. For spring feeding complex fertilizers are more in demand. They are composed of several minerals containing nutritional and protective components. Complex preparations increase plant immunity, which prevents the development of fungal and bacterial diseases.

Factory-made fertilizers are general use and specially designed complexes for a particular crop, for example: "Bulba" - for potatoes, and "Kemira-Universal" - for garden trees.

Attention! When applying mineral fertilizers, it is important to comply with the dosage indicated in the instructions. In this case, you need to know the type of soil. Well, if there is an opportunity to make an analysis of the land from the site.

Any horticultural crop ornamental plant demanding to a certain substance, whether it is a mineral or organic.

Potato

Top dressing of the culture is carried out in a continuous or hole way. In a large garden, a continuous method is acceptable. Top dressing is evenly scattered throughout the site. The composition of the mixture depends on the type of soil.

For infertile land:

• compost or manure - 5 kg;
• ammonium sulfate - 3 kg;
• superphosphate - 3 kg;
• potassium-containing drug -2.5 kg.

For nutrient soil:

• compost or manure - 2 kg;
• ammonium sulfate - 2 kg;
• superphosphate - 1.5 kg;
• potassium-containing drug - 1.5 kg.

In the hole version, fertilizer is applied to each hole during planting of tubers. The method is suitable owner small plot. However, it is more convenient to plant potatoes for three people: one works with a shovel, the second pours fertilizer, the third lays tubers in the holes. Potatoes are fed with a mixture of 1 liter of manure with 0.5 liters of ash. This amount is calculated per well.

tomatoes

Tomatoes love prepared soil. It is better to do this in the fall or on extreme case in early spring. In the beds before planting seedlings, the earth is mixed with peat, manure and loamy soil is added. For feeding on initial stage use organic. Of the store preparations, superphosphate and complex fertilizers are best suited. Minerals are added once every 2 weeks.

cucumbers

High warm beds are prepared for culture. The filler is manure or humus, straw and earth. The bed can be made not high by immersing the filler deep into the ground. Under top layer organic matter will begin to overheat the earth, releasing heat to the roots of cucumbers.

Cabbage

The culture is demanding on nitrogen. On the 10th day after transplanting, seedlings are fertilized with urea no more than 10 g/m 2 . After 22 days, add superphosphate dissolved in water at the rate of 15 g of the substance per 10 liters of water. The proportions are calculated for white cabbage. Top dressing of other varieties is performed with similar preparations. For cauliflower, double the dose.

Strawberry

With the onset of spring, the bushes are cleared of hatched weeds and insulating shelter from foliage or sawdust. The soil is loosened, and mulched with peat on top. The first feeding is carried out with a nitrogen-containing solution. It is possible to scatter saltpeter granules under the bushes before mulching. After the appearance of the first leaves of the plantation, they are poured with mineral-organic solutions. The taste of berries is enhanced by potassium-containing preparations.

Currant

If initially the pit was well fertilized, then the first feeding of the shrub is required in the second year. Currants respond well to nitrogen-containing fertilizers and organic matter. An adult bush needs 15 kg of humus in the spring. If the choice fell on organic matter, then mineral nitrogen-containing substances are not added.

Raspberry

The most demanding and capricious shrub for feeding. fertilize raspberries better humus or compost. The earth is loosened for better penetration moisture and oxygen to the roots. From above, the soil is mulched with peat. Surface top dressing is carried out by spraying with solutions containing bromine with zinc.

Fruit trees

In early March, when the buds have not yet swelled on the trees, superphosphate is scattered around the trunks, mixing it with the ground. Early dates due to the properties of phosphorus. The substance must be in the ground for a long time to become a useful fertilizer for a fruit tree. After warming up the soil, apply wood ash with humus. By the end of May, the trees are fertilized with potassium, which improves the taste of the fruit.

What not to apply in the spring

Not all fertilizers can be used in the spring on your site. First of all, it is worth abandoning fresh manure, if we are not talking about warm garden for cucumbers. Plants from such organic matter will receive a minimum of nutrients, and an overabundance will even harm them.

An additional problem will bring weed grass seeds preserved in manure. In the garden, grains will germinate quickly. Weeds will kill cultivated plants, plus they will take away nutrients from the soil.

Saltpeter may fall under the second ban. Fertilizer promotes the formation of an alkaline environment. For soil with large quantity salt impurities, such an effect is unacceptable.

The third preparation, which should be abandoned in the spring, is an expired factory-made complex fertilizer. Great harm the substance will not apply. Just fertilizer will be inactive and the plant will not benefit from it.

With the acquisition of experience, gardeners independently make up a diet for their crops, and also give useful advice to novice farmers:

• For spring top dressing, it is optimal to use complex preparations with a maximum nitrogen content. Since the granules take longer to dissolve, they are applied in mid-March. Nutrient solutions are watered at the end of April.
• When feeding trees, fertilizer is applied with a small indent from the trunk and in a circle. So it is more likely that the substance will penetrate to the root system.
• You can make compost and mulch the soil annually. There will be no harm from this. It is advisable to use manure to fertilize the land 1 time in 2 years. The introduced organic matter cannot be buried deeper than the bayonet of a shovel.

When choosing store fertilizers, preference is given to granular complex preparations. They dissolve in doses, which allows the plant long time receive nutrients.

Conclusion

Any fertilizer is good for a plant or tree if used wisely. A properly formulated nutritional diet will affect good harvest autumn. If you overdo it with top dressing, then thick tops with large leaves will grow instead of fruits.

Instruction

Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: plant residues and fertilizers of animal origin. Vegetables include: peat, composts. For animals: manure and droppings. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, its structure improves significantly. This contributes to the reproduction of living organisms, which are of great benefit, both for the soil itself and for plants. To date, it is recommended to make organic fertilizers using compost. It is very easy to prepare. Spread straw 15 centimeters thick over an area of ​​10 square meters. Then a layer of manure 20 centimeters. Then a layer of peat is also 15-20 centimeters. On top of this, sprinkle lime and phosphate rock, mixing them one by one. Sprinkle 50-60 grams per square meter. From above, add another layer of manure 15-20 centimeters. Cover it all thin layer earth. This compost must be aged for 7-8 months and only then it can be used. The advantages of organic fertilizer: the first - it increases the fertility of the soil, the second - improves its structure, the third - ensures the presence of living microorganisms. But there is also. The first one is nutritional imbalance. The second - its concentration is still unknown. Third - content a large number weeds. Fourth, there is a great danger of contracting diseases. Fifth, organic matter inherently absorbs and attracts toxic substances. And the sixth is the most dangerous, these fertilizers absorb radionuclides.

Mineral fertilizers - chemical substances that require careful handling. They must be applied strictly according to the norm. Noble gardeners usually use the following: nitrogen, lime, manganese, potash and other fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers include: saltpeter, urea, ammonia and ammonia water. For good plant nutrition, it is necessary that there is always an abundance of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied to the soil twice a year. Under them make twice a year. The first half of the fertilizer is around the second half of April, and the second half in mid-November. The method of applying such fertilizers is the same. The fertilizer is spread by hand, after which the soil is cultivated. To achieve the best effect, the earth must be moist. Potash fertilizers significantly increase. Potassium in the soil is mainly in forms that are difficult for plants to access, so the need for such fertilizers in agriculture is very high. Almost all of them contain chloride, sodium and magnesium ions, which affect plant growth. It is recommended to apply potash fertilizers in the fall along with manure for the main tillage. Without phosphorus, the formation of chlorophyll and the absorption of carbon dioxide by plants is impossible. The addition of phosphate fertilizers to the soil not only increases yields, but also improves the quality of products. These fertilizers need to be applied in the fall. First scatter them over the surface, then dig earth to a depth of twenty centimeters. Digging near trees should be parallel to the roots.

Organo-mineral fertilizers are humic fertilizers, which consist of organic substances and mineral compounds. Each drug has its own instructions. But there are basic ways to make. For open soil is a spraying method, and for closed soil, these are drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation and manual foliar spraying methods. Base flow for seed treatment - this is 300-700 milliliters per ton of seeds. For foliar feeding - 200-400 milliliters of fertilizer per hectare of crops. For - at drip irrigation 20-40 milliliters per thousand liters of irrigation water, and when spraying 5-10 milliliters of fertilizer per 10 liters of water.

Sources:

• how to fertilize the soil

fruit trees the garden needs to be fertilized. Then in the spring they will delight you with their bright bloom, and closer to autumn you will harvest a bountiful harvest. Before planting seedlings, the soil is fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers. The next application of nutrients is done in a couple of years, it all depends on the fertility of the soil.

You will need

• - shovel
• - mineral fertilizers
• - organic fertilizers

Instruction

Fertilizers are laid under several methods. Fertilizing around the circumference.
Spread the plastic film on a flat surface. Dig a groove around the tree. Its depth should be at least 35 cm, and in width at least half a meter. Place the excavated earth on the film. Mix it with mineral or organic fertilizers. Fill the groove with rich soil and level

Pit fertilization.
Make 7 - 10 holes at a small distance from the trunk. When digging, place the shovel with the beam to the trunk so as not to cut the roots. The depth of the hole is at least 50 cm. Fill the hole with fertilizer and cover it with earth.

Provide the need for trees in potassium. With potassium deficiency, the fruits will be of poor quality. Under trees apply mineral fertilizers with potassium or wood ash. Feed with ash at any time of the year.

In autumn, fertilize trees with phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus affects the taste of fruits and their subsequent preservation. Most phosphorus is required trees m in early spring and early autumn. Bury phosphate fertilizers deeper.

Apply organic fertilizers (manure, humus, slurry) under trees. Manure or humus must be rotted. Can't fertilize trees fresh . Fertilize with slurry after watering or rain. Make sure that fertilizers do not fall on the leaves and.

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Helpful advice

Fruiting trees require enhanced feeding, nutrient mixtures will not only provide a high yield this year, but will also help the tree in laying fresh shoots and buds.

Related article

Sources:

• http://www.gardenia.ru/quests/quest_619.htm
• how to fertilize the garden in 2019

If you are on personal plot grow fruit trees and shrubs, and also have a garden, the question arises before you every year - how to fertilize soil. On the one hand, we all want our crops to be organically grown. without adding any fertilizer industrial production. On the other hand, we expect high yields. How to reduce these two desires to one denominator?

You will need

• - the soil;
• - mineral fertilizers;
• - organic fertilizers;
• - lime;
• - shovel.

Instruction

Bring in the clay if you have sandy soil. Add river sand if clayey. This must be done so that nutrients do not go deep into the earth and are not washed out by rains. Another rule that must be followed is the observance of crop rotation. It is extremely important that representatives of the same family do not grow in the garden for two years in a row. By and large, they can be returned to their place only after 3-4 years. Exceptions -