Cultivation of white cabbage in open ground. Growing white cabbage in open ground
White cabbage is especially popular with Russian gardeners, who are always worried about growing it in open field And proper care behind it, obtaining high yields.
On our table, white cabbage has long become mandatory. She fell in love with many for her high productivity and good storage, juicy delicate taste and a whole set of vitamins. In winter, you can make a salad from fresh cabbage or prepare a filling for pies. In pickled form, it becomes a valuable source of vitamins.
The choice of variety and the timing of sowing white cabbage depend on the intended purpose of the fruit: do you need tender early cabbage for salads or dense, strong heads of cabbage for pickling and winter storage.
White cabbage, which is grown by many gardeners, is of early, mid-season and late varieties. Early varieties are eaten in summer period. Mid-season can be eaten fresh or pickled for the winter. Late varieties are intended for long winter storage.
The timing of sowing white cabbage for seedlings depends on the variety:
- early: from 1 to 25 March;
- medium: from April 25;
- late: - from April 1 to the third decade of the month.
From the moment of sowing seeds for seedlings to planting seedlings in open ground, 45-50 days usually pass.
White cabbage can be sown in open ground with seeds. IN middle lane in early April, seeds are sown in the ground early cabbage, and in the first decade of May - late. In the southern regions, mid-ripening varieties are sown from the end of April to the third decade of May, late-ripening - in 1-2 decades of May.
Selection and preparation of seeds
The choice and purchase of cabbage seeds must be taken responsibly: the future harvest depends on the seed.
To increase immunity to fungal diseases, it is recommended to warm cabbage seeds for 20 minutes before sowing in water at a temperature of about 50 ° C, and then lower them into cold water for 5 minutes.
Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in cold water and keep during the day. Such hardening increases the resistance of seeds and promotes early germination. In the future, in open ground, such seedlings will withstand frosts down to -7 ° C, and unhardened ones will not withstand even -3 ° C.
Site selection and soil preparation
A plot for planting cabbage in open ground must be prepared in advance. The sun should illuminate it from morning to evening. Sandy soil and loam are more suitable for early varieties of cabbage, clay soil and loam are optimal for late and medium varieties.
The acidity of sandy soils should not exceed 6, clay or clay-sand - 7. Acidic soils are not suitable for cultivating cabbage.
It should be borne in mind that it is undesirable to plant cabbage in open ground after tomatoes, beets, radishes, turnips. These crops "suck" out of the soil nutrients, as well as on the site after them, diseases dangerous for cabbage can remain. For cabbage, it is better to choose those areas where cereals, legumes, cucumbers, and potatoes were previously grown. On the same bed, you can not plant cabbage for more than 2-3 years in a row.
The preparation of the site for growing cabbage should begin in advance from the previous autumn planting. In dry weather, the soil must be dug deep. There is no need to strive to level the surface: the ground with steep irregularities will absorb more moisture during the winter.
In the spring, after the snow melts, a "moisture closure" is carried out - the soil surface is leveled with a rake to prevent the water from evaporating too quickly. Weeds that start to climb out of the ground should be removed immediately.
Growing technology
2 weeks before planting in the garden, the seedlings begin to harden in order to prepare them in new conditions for permanent place. To do this, in a room with seedlings in the first 2 days, a window is opened for 3-4 hours, having previously protected the seedlings from a draft.
Then, for several days, the seedlings are placed on a loggia or balcony for a couple of hours, covering the seedlings with gauze from direct sunlight. After a week, watering is reduced, the seedlings are taken out to the balcony and kept there until planting in the ground.
Seedlings of early white cabbage are planted in a garden bed when it reaches a height of 12-20 cm and 5-7 leaves are formed in the seedlings. Seedlings of mid-ripening and late cabbage can be planted in the garden at a seedling height of 15-20 cm and the formation of 4-6 leaves. Seedling early varieties usually reaches the required parameters by early May, mid-season and late - from late May to mid-June.
To plant seedlings of white cabbage in an open area, use the following scheme:
- early and hybrid varieties- 30x40;
- mid-season - 50x60;
- later - 60x70.
Cabbage needs a lot of light and space, so you should try not to thicken the beds. Holes in the soil should be made a little larger than root system seedlings with a peat cup or earthen clod.
- a handful of sand;
- a handful of peat;
- 2 handfuls of humus;
- 50 g wood ash;
- half a teaspoon of nitrophoska.
Additives are thoroughly mixed and watered abundantly. An earthen ball with the root system of a seedling is lowered directly into the slurry and sprinkled with moist soil, and dry soil is added on top. If the seedlings are too long, they are planted so that the first pair of leaves is flush with the surface of the plot.
Without seedlings, seeds are sown immediately on a bed quite densely according to the scheme 10x70 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. It is recommended to water the soil and cover it with spunbond. Only a month later, after the formation of 3-4 true leaves, cabbage sprouts will get stronger.
Until that time, they will require especially careful care: regular weeding, pest control. It is recommended to thin out the cabbage in the phase of 4-6 true leaves, leaving a distance between seedlings in a row of 40-50 cm.
How to care for plants in the open field?
If the weather is sunny after planting the seedlings, the seedlings need to be shaded for a while. nonwoven fabric or newspapers. During the week, the plants are watered every evening from a watering can with a divider.
After this period, the shelter can be removed if frost is not expected at night. In the future, to care for seedlings in the open field, weeding and loosening the site, watering, regular feeding. The hilling procedure is carried out for the first time 3 weeks after planting the cabbage, and after another 10 days it is repeated.
Watering
Cabbage needs a lot of moisture, so strict adherence to the irrigation regime is required. Choose for irrigation evening time. Between abundant watering on cloudy days, an interval of 5-6 days is enough.
In the hot period, you will have to water the plants every 2-3 days. After watering, the soil on the site must be loosened, while spudding the cabbage. To keep moisture experienced gardeners recommend a mulching peat layer 5 cm thick, which simultaneously nourishes developing plants.
top dressing
If cabbage received top dressing in the seedling phase, it should develop quickly and intensively. After planting in the ground, the plants continue to be fed. When the leaves begin to grow, it is best to add a solution of 10 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water to the soil.
This dose should be enough for 5-6 plants. When the head formation begins, the cabbage is fed a second time from the same calculation, dissolving 8 g of potassium sulfate, 5 g of double superphosphate and 4 g of urea in 10 liters of water.
Treatment for diseases and pests
It is highly undesirable to use pesticides for processing cabbage. Dusting with ash with the addition of tobacco dust will help protect young plants from slugs and fleas.
To kill aphids and caterpillars, cabbage is sprayed with this infusion: 5 liters of water are poured into 2 kg of tomato leaves, infused for 3-4 hours, boiled for 3 hours, cooled, filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2. To ensure better "sticking" of the infusion to the leaves, 20-30 g of grated tar soap is added to it.
Infusion is effective against caterpillars and aphids onion peel. Fill a liter jar of husks with 2 liters of boiling water, leave the solution to stand for 2 days. Then the resulting infusion is filtered, another 2 liters of water and 1 tablespoon of dishwashing detergent or liquid soap are added to it.
The fight against the scoop, cabbage fly, larvae of the May beetle is carried out with the help of ants. A jar of jam or honey diluted with water is added dropwise to the site. Black ants, attracted by sweets, also eat the larvae.
For preventive purposes, plantings of sage, rosemary, mint, marigolds, basil, cilantro and other spicy plants are planted on and around the area with cabbage. Butterflies, slugs, fleas, aphids will be scared away by a tart aroma that will simultaneously attract their enemies - lacewing, ladybugs, beetle rider.
Cabbage, planting and caring in the open field for which is no more difficult than for other garden crops, is a plant with a powerful leafy stem from the Cruciferous family. The high content of mineral salts, amino acids and vitamins make the vegetable very valuable. food product, which began to be used in cooking 4000 years ago.
Cabbage varieties for open ground
In the garden, you can most often find such varieties of garden cabbage as white cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and Beijing.
White cabbage
The most cultivated species in areas with temperate climate, distinguished by a low powerful stem covered with large sheet plates, from expanded to large sizes apical kidney in the form of a head of cabbage.
Popular varieties:
- June- a common early variety, for which 2 months are enough for ripening after planting seedlings. Its cold resistance allows it to withstand return spring frosts. The mass of a head of cabbage fluctuates within 2.5 kg.
- Glory- a well-known mid-season variety with good palatability which is suitable for winter preparations, transportation and storage. Average weight head of flattened structure is 5 kg.
- Amager- late high yielding variety with dense foliage of a bluish-green color. Great for transportation and long term storage.
Cauliflower
The species is represented by a granular tuberculate cream-colored head surrounded by green leafy plates, which consists of rudimentary inflorescences on branched shortened shoots.
Popular varieties:
- Warranty- an early ripening variety with large inflorescences and a pronounced taste. Resistant to vascular bacteriosis and has good keeping quality.
- Snowball- a wonderful early variety, yielding a harvest in the form of snow-white heads weighing over 1 kg. Resistant to many specialized diseases and easily adapts to adverse weather conditions. The compactness of the variety allows you to place a large number of seedlings in small areas.
Broccoli
Genetic predecessor of cauliflower with green or purple buds.
The most common varieties include:
- Tone- an early variety with a dark green head weighing up to 0.5 kg, quickly forming side shoots after cutting the central fruit.
- Monterey- a hybrid of late ripening with high rates productivity, distinguished by the absence of side shoots.
Chinese cabbage
A variety with a loose oblong head of cabbage.
Cabbage is planted in open ground in warm weather, starting from April 20 to May 10, but late varieties can be sown until May 20. If you want to grow and harvest cabbage, do everything in advance and plant seedlings no later than May.
Water the cabbage often for the first few weeks after planting, up to daily irrigation, but at least once every three days. For each square meter beds, use at least seven liters of water per day. Starting from the third week, when the plants have already grown stronger and have taken root in the soil, and are also at the stage of active growth, the frequency of watering can be reduced to 1 time per week, and the amount of water per 1 sq. meter increase to 12 liters.Early varieties consume a lot of water in the initial stage of growth. Late varieties need abundant watering at the stage of tying heads, that is, immediately a month and a half before harvesting. Watering plants must be done in the morning or evening, warm water- at least 18 degrees. Plants need frequent loosening of the soil. This procedure must be carried out once a week, and loosen the soil to a depth of 5-8 cm.
These methods will help you grow and harvest decent harvest from minimal cost and excellent results. The remaining top dressing is used for next year, the shelf life is designed for use for several years.
Most gardeners are engaged in growing cabbage on their plots. For those who are not familiar with the rules for caring for this crop, it is much more difficult to achieve good results and get a harvest than experienced summer residents. Growing cabbage in the open field is not an easy task and requires compliance with certain rules of care and watering.
Choice of cabbage variety
Half the success in getting a great harvest depends on the variety. What you need to consider when choosing the type and variety of cabbage.
Of course, be sure to take into account all the features and nuances of the region where you live. Then choose the ripening period, taking into account the needs and use of the vegetable, resistance to cold, heat, drought, disease, bolting, cracking.
Need to know the features different terms maturation. Early cabbage has a small yield, loose heads are usually small (no more than 1.5 kg.), which are poorly stored, are used only fresh for cooking various dishes.
Mid-season varieties are more productive, they can be consumed in summer and used for winter harvesting. And late-ripening varieties are well stored, used for canning, pickling. Moreover, the time of sowing the crop also depends on the ripening period.
Watering cabbage in the open field
Cabbage differs from the bulk of horticultural crops in that it "loves" water very much. But in the process of irrigating the beds with it, there is a nuance - watering is not characterized by constancy (it means its intensity and amount of moisture). This is regulated depending on the degree of development of culture. 
From the moment of disembarkation until the beginning of the formation of heads - during this period, the frequency of watering gradually increases. Much also depends on weather conditions Therefore, the main criterion is the degree of soil moisture. For cabbage - about 75%. In practice, the plot is completely flooded with water so that it is well absorbed into the ground, and to a great depth. And the “older” the culture (and hence the longer its root), the more abundant watering is needed.
In addition, its consumption increases as the leaves grow. And how to organize irrigation - once every couple of days, and more, or every morning, but in moderation, the owner decides. Days (sunny or cloudy), soil type and a number of other factors (for example, wind) are taken into account, but the meaning is clear. It is desirable that the soil in the place where the cabbage is planted never dries out.
The above recommendations should be taken into account. Therefore, watering cabbage "like all" cultures should not be. She needs this individual approach. Watering ends about a month before harvest. Otherwise, the cabbage will turn out "watery". For life, the moisture that a powerful root takes from the soil is already quite enough for her. Loosening the soil and hilling plants
The first loosening of the soil and the destruction of weeds is carried out after the planted seedlings have taken root. The subsequent loosening of the soil is carried out as necessary after 7-8 days or after watering until the leaves close between the rows.
The first loosening is carried out to a depth of 4-5 cm. The depth of the second loosening is 6-8 cm, the subsequent ones until the leaves close - 8-10 cm. Width protection zone around the plants should be at least 12-14 cm. Loosening is especially important on heavy soils.
The first hilling of early varieties is carried out 15-20 days after planting seedlings, and late varieties - after 25 days. Later hilling leads to damage to the root system and the closing rosette of leaves. Hilling is carried out after watering or top dressing, raking the ground to the first true leaves. This procedure causes the growth of additional roots.
The second hilling is carried out 10-12 days after the first. Varieties with a short stump need only one hilling.
Top dressing cabbage in the open field
White cabbage is also very demanding on the nutritional value of the soil - for the entire time of cultivation it must be fertilized three to four times. Pre-plants are shed to prevent root burns, and after feeding they must be poured over. clean water to remove fertilizer from the leaves. 
The first feeding is carried out 15-20 days after planting. Half a liter of mullein is dissolved in a bucket of water, half a liter must be poured onto the plant ready solution. The second is done after 2 weeks, using the same solution. These dressings are especially necessary for early and late varieties.
The third dressing is necessary to enhance the growth of heads of cabbage, and it is carried out only for medium-late and late varieties a week after the previous one. A bucket of water is taken half a liter of organic matter and 15 gr. potassium monophosphate, 1-1.5 liters of the mixture is poured under one plant.
Heat Requirements of Cabbage
Vegetable plants of the cabbage group originate from areas with mild winter. Wild relatives of cabbage, and even cultivated cabbages in areas with mild winters, for example, on the Black Sea coast, easily endure snowless winters with frosts of 6-8 and even 10-12 °. There are varieties of cabbage that are very frost-resistant.
Cabbage seedlings can tolerate a temperature drop to -5, -7 ° during the period of night frosts, if by this time it has time to take root. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the ability to tolerate temperature drops depends on the state of the plant, its hardening, growth conditions, air humidity and wind strength. Frost with still and dry air is more easily tolerated than with wind and moist air.
Experiments have shown that cold-resistant cabbage plants assimilate better in low light at 8° than at 18°. In strong light, cold-resistant cabbage plants, on the contrary, assimilate better at 18° than at 8°, but the assimilation curve for them rises less steeply than for heat-resistant ones.
There is an opinion that shading cabbage causes a significant increase in yield. This is the basis for the use of wings from high-stemmed and heat resistant plants- corn, sorghum, etc. Backstage from such plants, planted in 5-10-15 rows of cabbage, changing the microclimate, contributed to an increase in the yield of cabbage by 20-30% or more.
The heat resistance of varieties is associated with a good ability to maintain water balance. Since heat-resistant varieties of cabbage evaporate water more vigorously than less heat-resistant ones.
Light requirement for growing cabbage
Cultivation of cabbage requires compliance certain rules to provide it with the optimal amount of light. Cabbage grows best with 17-18 hours of daylight. Insufficient lighting leads to the fact that the plant is stretched, develops poorly, the amount of yield decreases. You can not grow white cabbage under trees or shrubs that shade it. 
Protecting cabbage from pests and diseases
Of the pests, the cabbage fly is especially dangerous. Most often, it damages early varieties, since shortly after planting the seedlings, the years of the cabbage fly begin.
Against cabbage fly larvae, seedlings are sprayed with a solution of 80% technical chlorophos or other insecticides. Processing is carried out 2-3 times every 6-8 days.
During the period of mass reflection of caterpillars of cabbage aphids, cabbage whites, cabbage scoops, cabbage moths and cabbage bug larvae, plants are sprayed with a 0.2% solution of 80% technical chlorophos or phosphamide. Processing is carried out only before tying a head of cabbage.
A simple and safe means of combating leaf-eating is spraying plants with a solution of superphosphate mixed with potassium chloride at the time of laying eggs of the cabbage white butterfly.
Effective on cabbage biological methods pest control. It is possible to spray plants with a 0.2 - 0.5% suspension of entobacterin, regardless of the harvest time.
Of the diseases, cabbage is most affected by keel, especially on acidic soils ah at 18-24
Watering the soil when planting seedlings with a 0.3% suspension of cineb prevents this disease.
Foreword
Planting cabbage is an important and special process for every gardener. After all, it is white cabbage that is an integral part of our diet. all year round. Without it, it is impossible to imagine cabbage soup or borscht, as well as summer salads and a pantry shelf. Therefore, it is extremely important that the cabbage harvest is a success, and for this you need to know the basic rules for planting white cabbage, providing it with appropriate care.
Before you start planting cabbage, you first need to figure out which vegetable you want to get - early ripeness for fresh summer salads or later, with stronger leaves for. After all, the final choice of variety will depend on this. In the first case, it is worth giving preference to varieties June, Golden hectare, Gift. But perfect for sunbathing Amager, Turkiz, Geneva and mid-season Anniversary. As for the timing of sowing early cabbage, it starts from the first days of March and ends in the twentieth. The cultivation of the mid-season variety takes place from April 25, and the late one - from the beginning of April to the middle of the month.
White cabbage
If you have already decided on the variety and planting dates, you just have to prepare the soil. First of all, it must be fertilized. Wood ash and humus will help you with this. Their number is one tablespoon per kilogram of soil. According to its composition, ash is a natural antiseptic that prevents the formation of a black leg on cabbage seedlings. In addition to humus, other natural components, such as peat, can become an excellent fertile base. The main thing is that in the end the earth turned out to be loose and well breathable. But it is not recommended to use garden land for seedlings, especially if other sacral crops were grown on it earlier.
Remember, such soil can be very dangerous for young seedlings due to the high probability of diseases and pests accumulated in it, even if the vegetable is provided with maximum care. If you do not have time to prepare the nutrient mixture, you can use the ready-made complex fertilizer Kemira Lux by adding it to the right amount according to instructions. Before planting seeds in the ground, they must be warmed up. For these purposes, use water heated to 50 degrees. The seeds are dipped in it for a quarter of an hour, after which they are lowered for another five minutes in cool water. Such a contrast shower increases resistance to the development of fungal diseases.
And in order to further strengthen the immunity of the plant and enhance its growth, they use special stimulants - Humates, Silk, Epin. In them, the seeds are recommended to be soaked for several hours. Before doing this, carefully read the instructions, for the cultivation of some varieties, soaking is not necessary. Next, the soil for sowing is abundantly watered, the seeds are deepened literally by 1 cm and sprinkled with earth. To grow as intensively as possible, the soil is covered with a film. So excess moisture will not evaporate. After that, we do not water the soil until the first shoots appear, while maintaining a constant temperature of 20 degrees.
If you did everything correctly, then on the fifth day after planting the seeds, the first shoots should appear. As soon as this moment has come, we remove the film, and also create new ones for seedlings. temperature conditions- 6-10 degrees. Such temperature regime support until the first true leaf appears. It usually takes no more than a week. When the first leaf begins to grow, we increase the temperature to 14-18 degrees. During this period, seedlings should be provided with maximum care, in particular good flow fresh air while protecting it from drafts.
young seedlings of cabbage
To grow a plant successfully, you need a sufficient amount sunlight. Light day for cabbage should be at least 12-15 hours. In greenhouse conditions, this can be achieved by using fluorescent lamp. As for watering, it must be balanced, avoid drought and waterlogging. Do not forget to loosen the soil for better penetration air to the roots. And in order to increase the immunity of the plant during the period of intensive seedling growth, a week after the appearance of the first shoots, pour it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or blue vitriol, at the rate of three grams of the substance per 10 liters of water.
After two weeks after the appearance of the first shoots and a real leaf, a pick is made, which consists in transplanting seedlings into separate cups. About an hour before such a transplant, the seedlings are abundantly watered with water, then the soil is allowed to dry out a little, and then the seedling is carefully removed along with the earthy clod. In order for it to take root better in the new soil, its root is shortened by a third of the length. The best foundation peat-humus mixture will serve for transplantation. However, you can start growing seeds in individual containers and further care for them from the very beginning. In this case, the probability of injury to the root system of the seedling is reduced.
After picking, hardening begins, that is, preparing the plant for natural growing conditions. So, in the first 2 days in the room where the seedlings grow, they open the window for 3-4 hours, while observing measures to protect it from drafts. Then, for a couple of hours a day, pots with seedlings are taken out into direct sunlight, not forgetting to cover the fragile seedlings with gauze. After about a week, watering is reduced, gradually preparing it for the next transplant into open ground.
Before you start planting seedlings in open ground, you should deal with a suitable one. Particularly well grown this plant not far from ground water. But cabbage does not tolerate waterlogged and acidic soils. The best option considered to be slightly acidic soil. If the acidity is higher, be sure to do liming. However, the criteria for soil fertility also depend on the early maturity of the variety. Early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties of white cabbage are considered the least whimsical, which cannot be said about late-ripening crops. Therefore, for the first and second options, cultivation on loamy and sandy soils, and for the latter - loamy and clayey soil.
Seedlings of white cabbage
Moreover, this will also not be enough to achieve high yields of late-ripening varieties. Care must be taken to introduce organic and mineral fertilizers. The most whimsical in this regard are hybrid varieties of late ripeness. To obtain high yield, you will need to apply fifty percent more mineral fertilizers than usual. It is also important to observe the agrotechnics of cultivation. In particular, this applies to the place of planting seedlings. You should not choose areas where cabbage crops previously grew (turnip, radish, kohlrabi, turnip, rutabaga, white mustard). In order for such sites to be used again, at least 3 years must pass.
Site preparation for planting cabbage should be planned in advance. In the first days of autumn, do a thorough digging of the soil, while not trying to level it. Due to digging and unevenness, moisture will be able to soak the soil well in winter. But in the spring, after the snow melts, carefully level upper layer soils for rapid evaporation excess moisture. Soon after the first buds, weeds will appear on the trees. They must be uprooted and burned.
Depending on the period of ripeness of cabbage, determine the very moment when it must be planted in open ground. For example, planting of early cabbage occurs when the seedlings have the first 5-7 leaves, and their height reaches 12-20 cm, and mid-ripening and late cabbage - with 4-6 leaves and a height of 15-20 cm. Planting of early cabbage is planned for beginning of May, mid-season varieties - at the end of May-mid-June, and late - at the middle and end of June. To make it comfortable for vegetables to grow on personal plot, a certain landing pattern is also observed:
- for hybrid and early varieties - 30 × 40 cm;
- for mid-season varieties - 50 × 60 cm;
- for late varieties of white cabbage - 60 × 70 cm.
Planting cabbage in the garden
Such indicators are the most optimal. Planting should not be too dense, growing cabbage requires free space and good access to sunlight, so in this case the planting pattern is extremely important. The holes for planting seedlings should be deep enough, approximately at the height of a shovel, because mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as other top dressing. As for the width of the hole, it should be slightly larger than the size of the earthy seedling coma.
In each recess we put two handfuls of humus or manure, a handful of sand or peat, as well as 50 g of wood ash and 1 tsp. nitrophoska. All these fertilizers are lightly mixed and poured with plenty of water so that they react with each other. If you are planting in sunny weather, leave the soil to dry out, especially when using manure. So the earth warms up enough and will contribute to the speedy growth of white cabbage.
Sprinkle a layer of fertilizer on top thin layer earth and plant seedlings together with an earthen clod in the ground, carefully tamp it down and lightly press it to the ground so that the roots take the right direction. If it seemed to you that the root system is weak or slightly damaged, we recommend that you lightly dust the earthen ball before planting. Kornevin. Such a root formation stimulator will help minimize the risks of non-germination of white cabbage. At the end, the seedlings should be plentifully watered around with water, avoiding getting it on the leaves.
First of all, after planting the seedlings, make sure that they do not lean too much towards the ground. If after watering this still happens, the seedlings need to be planted in place. During the first week, water the seedlings every evening using a watering can with a splitter. If frost is not observed during the growing period, shelter for the night can be removed. Further care will consist in regular watering, loosening the soil, weeding, making the necessary dressings and pollinating white cabbage from pests and fungal diseases. And 21 days after planting, hilling is done, repeating the procedure after 10 days.
Watering cabbage
Due to the fact that the plant loves moisture, watering is very important. In order for it to remain in the soil longer, it is advisable to water it in the evening. In hot weather, seedlings should be watered every 2-3 days, and in cloudy weather - once every 5-6 days. After that, be sure to loosen the soil, allowing the flow of fresh air and moisture to better penetrate the root system. Experienced gardeners it is recommended to use soil mulching, laying a peat layer about 5 cm thick around the seedlings. It simultaneously nourishes the plant and allows it to retain moisture in the soil longer, thus ensuring maximum plant care.
As for the introduction of dressings, they also do not stop after landing in the ground. An ideal solution of ammonium nitrate, prepared at the rate of 10 g of the substance per 10 liters of water. This amount is quite enough for 5-6 bushes of white cabbage seedlings. Further care involves top dressing during the beginning of the formation of cabbage heads, do this with a mineral solution consisting of 4 g of urea, 5 g of double superphosphate and 8 g of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water.
As you can see, the cultivation of white cabbage requires uneven fertilization. At first, it actively needs nitrogen, and during the formation of a head of cabbage - in potassium and phosphorus. In addition, proper care and timely application of such fertilizers will have a beneficial effect not only on a high yield, but also on the plant's resistance to weather changes and fungal diseases.
An important point in caring for white cabbage is the treatment of seedlings from pests. The greatest effectiveness is shown by dusting the leaves with ash with the addition of tobacco dust, with their preliminary treatment with a solution laundry soap. This method helps to scare away garden slugs and fleas that love to feed on the succulent leaves of the plant. Plus, it's completely safe.
Infusion against cabbage pests
Among the others folk methods, well proven in eliminating dangerous pests, such as aphids, caterpillars, select an infusion from tomato leaves. To prepare it, you will need to take 2 kg of tomato tops, pour 5 liters of water into it and leave to infuse for 3-4 hours. After this time, the infusion is allowed to boil for 3 hours and cool slightly. The concentrated infusion is diluted with water in proportions of 1:2. In order for such a solution to better adhere to the leaves, and therefore have a longer lasting effect, it is worth adding 20-30 g of grated tar soap to it before using.
The infusion of onion peel has similar properties. It will take liter jar husks, which will need to be poured with 2 liters of boiling water and left to infuse for two days. At the end of the infusion process, we filter the liquid and dilute it with an equal amount of water, and for better stickiness, add two tablespoons of liquid soap.
With other pests of cabbage, such as larvae of winter scoops, cabbage flies and May beetles, gardeners fight with a simple but very in an efficient way- bait. Moreover, it is arranged not for the pests themselves, but for the ants, which are their first enemies. To do this, drop a small jar of sweet water, diluting a couple of tablespoons of honey or jam in it. The ants attracted by such a delicacy eat the larvae and neutralize their harmful effects on the cabbage. In addition to spraying and ants, pests can also be controlled by planting fragrant fragrant plants. Well repel aphids, caterpillars, fleas and slugs planting marigolds, sage, cilantro, rosemary, basil, mint. Keep this in mind when providing proper care for white cabbage.
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