How to organize construction company from scratch?

The market economy introduces significant changes not only in economic activity most enterprises, but also on the very perception of life by a modern person.

For many of us, it is no longer enough to simply have Good work with a stable income, but I want to open my own business enterprise. A business started and built from scratch with your own hands is the cherished dream of truly enterprising people.

In the present conditions, one of the most profitable and promising types of business is considered to be construction. If you have chosen this type of commerce, then you need to know how to start a construction business, this will help you avoid many of the typical mistakes that most novice entrepreneurs tend to make.

Features of the construction business

Like any modern commercial enterprise, the presented business is divided into several main categories, these are:
- sphere civil engineering;
- road construction;
- industrial construction of buildings.

Services of a construction company can be divided into two types:

Basic services, including such types of work as: the construction of residential buildings, garages, baths, warehouses, and so on, on a turn-key basis, and: installation, dismantling, repair of apartments and other premises;
- additional services - leasing of personnel and equipment, sale building materials, training of personnel from other companies.

To start a construction business from scratch you must adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

Writing a clear business plan;
- execution of all registration documentation;
- collection permits;
- purchase of inventory, equipment, machinery;
- recruitment of qualified personnel;
- search for regular and new customers.

For successful commercial activities in the chosen direction you will need to make good business plan. This is necessary not only for organizing a company, but also in order to get a loan from a bank.

It usually contains everything you need to know about the liabilities and assets of your firm, as well as what methods will be chosen to increase profits. With the help of a business plan, you will accurately calculate the payback and profitability construction company business.

Pros and cons of the construction business

The main advantage of engaging in the presented view entrepreneurial activity is an opportunity to get good profit, but after the expiration certain period. On average, the profitability of the construction business ranges from 50 to 70%.

Among all types of private entrepreneurial activity given result called the most impressive. It is also worth noting that the presented type of commercial activity pays off on average within one year.

To start a construction business from scratch be sure to have large financial resources. Also important is the ability to attract qualified and conscientious personnel and possession of sound knowledge in the chosen specialty.

However, as in any other commercial activity, you may encounter some pitfalls and problems. The most typical of them are the following:

1) A significant decrease in profits can cause problems such as difficulty in entering the market. Hiring employees who already have experience in this field will be a positive factor, they will contribute to the fact that your company will have a good reputation in the market, you will not need to spend additional cash for advertising. Also, hiring employees with experience is a great opportunity to avoid forced price cuts;

2) A company that has recently registered and is just entering a wide market may have serious problems obtaining a loan from large banking organizations. The fact is that banks doubt the stability and prospects of a young company. You can only convince them otherwise if you have a well-written business plan and significant assets;

3) When opening a construction company from scratch, be prepared for a high level of competition in the presented business area. To be successful, you must provide your customers with good benefits compared to your competitors.

The financial component of construction activities

In order for your company to actively develop for a long time, you need to learn how to properly manage your accounting, without the correct calculation of profits and expenses it will be impossible to maintain stable development and make wise investments. What can we say about attracting new customers, and so on.

It is worth noting that one of important conditions organization of the construction business - the implementation of constant large financial investments, the retention of money at the stages of construction that has not yet been completed. Compliance with these conditions will allow a novice entrepreneur to make a good profit after some time.

There is the following list of main attachments:
- purchase of construction equipment;
- purchase of special equipment;
- transport taxes, Advertising activity, taxes;
- lease of office and industrial premises.

One of the ways to reduce financial costs is not to purchase special equipment in the property, but to rent it. Usually, a significant part of the funds from start-up entrepreneurs goes to the promotion of the company and investments in advertising activities.

Good decision- is to create an Internet site for your company, which will provide a complete catalog of services, projects, price list, and so on. Investments in the site and advertising are among the most important.

Collection of necessary documentation

Each construction company must have the following set of documents:
- certificate of state registration;
- certificate of registration with the tax authorities;
- the charter of the enterprise;
- seal;
- statistical codes;
- decision on the formation of the enterprise.
Licensing of the company includes the collection of the following documents:
- building permit - issued by the local government and the chief architect;
- license for engineering work;
- license for the design of structures and buildings.

Hiring

If you decide to organize your construction business from scratch, then you cannot do without hiring qualified and conscientious personnel. The reputation of the company, its performance and profitability will largely depend on this factor.

Depending on the specific conditions of doing business, the list of personnel may vary significantly, but usually it includes the following items:
- Purchasing Manager;
- designer;
- HR inspector;
- architect;
- foreman;
- lawyer;
- accountant.

If you plan to open a small finishing company, then the minimum number of people in one team is 4 people. Accordingly, they should include an electrician, a painter, a plasterer, and a carpenter. Important point- in order to obtain a license in state institutions, at least more than half of the registered employees must have a higher education in civil engineering.

To increase productivity, be sure to provide your workers with everything necessary set construction equipment and supplies. They must be in good condition regularly undergo technical inspections, as well as comply with safety standards and requirements. It is best to give your preference to an expensive, but high-quality tool than to purchase a cheap low-quality inventory.

How to attract new customers

For the successful development of any modern commercial enterprise it is imperative to be able not only to win your group of regular customers, but also to attract new customers. The implementation of this task will significantly expand the capabilities of your company, and reach new level development.

For start-up entrepreneurs, the following ways to find clients are suitable:
- Creation of own base of potential clients;
- the beginning of independent development of the site in order to further sell real estate on the market. You can start selling at any stage of construction - both at the initial and final stages;
- a good way to attract new customers is to receive orders after winning a government tender.

If you don't know how to open a construction business, then the presented material should definitely help you with this.

If you follow all the above recommendations and the proposed algorithm of actions, then starting this type of entrepreneurial activity should not cause any obstacles and difficulties. It is worth remembering that success comes only to businessmen who are strong-willed and able to strive to obtain new information.

Every year, hundreds of people around the country glue wallpaper, build houses, lay floors and change plumbing. They are not able to perform most of these works on their own, as a result of which they invite masters. If you look at the scale, the idea of ​​investing your money in the construction business seems very attractive. The construction business is very profitable, but quite difficult to implement an enterprise that requires maximum professionalism and dedication, because customers trust only the best. How to start a construction business, how to act to achieve its maximum efficiency - read below.

Business characteristics

Before starting a construction business from scratch, it is necessary to clearly outline the scope of its responsibilities, goals and means.

In the first place, such companies usually have a profit that is sufficient to cover and cover the costs. In addition, the company provides a service to the state, providing the population with jobs, training, and sometimes even accommodation. This leads to a decrease in the unemployment rate and an increase in the number of highly qualified specialists in the construction business.

A high percentage of payback of the enterprise is provided by a wide range of services. Before organizing a construction business, outline the range of your opportunities.

It can be:

• Interior and exterior design services;
• Finishing or cosmetic repair services;
• Floor laying;
• Wallpapering and preparatory work;
• Development architectural projects and drawings;
• Plumbing installation;
• Work of electricians and other services.

In addition to direct repair work, it is possible to carry out free consultations, estimate the cost, draw up individual schedules that are convenient for the client.

Work usually takes several stages:

• Negotiations with a potential employer;
• Departure to the place for inspection and measurements of the apartment;
• Drawing up budgets;
• Signing contracts;
• Purchase of materials;
• Direct repair.

Legal registration

When the rough sketches of the goals and characteristics of the firm are made, it's time to move on to the calculation of funds. How to open a construction business from scratch without calculating financial investments and distributing them point by point? No way.

If opening a construction company is a done deal, get registered.

Register your business as an LLC.

What should be done?

• Come up with a company name;
• Find a premise (the office of the company will be located at this address);
• Availability authorized capital;
• The presence of founders;
• Permission to carry out certain types of construction activities (house design, construction, engineering work).
• A number of documents will also be required, for example, copies of passports, address of a legal entity, information about authorized capital and functions of the firm. To avoid paperwork, you can hire lawyers who will draw up all the documents and charge up to $ 100 for it. You can also purchase a ready-made registered company with a package of documents.
• In addition, you need to join a self-regulatory organization, since without membership in this body, any type of construction work other than cosmetic repairs prohibited by law.

Start-up capital

Room search

Most often, construction companies work "on the road", that is, employees do not sit in the office, but come directly to the place of work. The only space you need is an office. There will be meetings with clients, calculation of employees. Bookkeeping, documentation, electronic databases, drawings, estimates will also be stored there. Renting an office will cost an entrepreneur 5-10 thousand dollars.

A word of advice: do not start a construction business in the capital or big city. The competition in this business is very high and even a well-structured and very responsible company will find it difficult to squeeze into this market.

Purchase or rental of equipment

Purchasing equipment may seem like the most expensive item in your business plan. How to start a construction business if you do not have cranes, excavators and other necessary and useful things? It is quite real, because they will not always be required. In order not to buy too much, use leasing (simply renting equipment). Instead of purchasing crane, you can rent it for a certain type of work, and then return it when you don't need it. And in the same way, you can rent out your equipment if you have purchased it and it is idle.

Staff

By the beginning of the work of the company, almost everything is ready. But before you open a construction business, you need to recruit a team. The selection of labor resources requires a responsible approach: there is always a chance to run into irresponsible people. It is best to take one representative of all types of work performed by the company and entrust these people with the collection of work teams.

You will need the following employees:

1. Director;
2. Designer;
3. Driver;
4. Security guard;
5. Workers-specialists in construction and repair;
6. Architect and designer;
7. Programmer;
8. Accountant;
9. lawyers and economists.

Employee salaries are negotiable. On average, they are about $400 and up.

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Advertising

Promotion of the company can be not only a booklet or billboard. You promote yourself and achieve fame, including through tenders, interaction with the state and other companies. Establishing strong partnerships will have a very good effect on your status and fame. Well, standard advertising measures - commercials on TV and on the Internet, a website, booklets, promotions. The main thing is to use every opportunity.

In general, the construction business is characterized by high competition, complexity in organization and high costs. It is advisable to start if you have already worked in any other types of business. best advice how to develop a construction business will be the organization of its work in several directions at once.

Is it worth starting a construction business? The answer to this question is harder to find than it seems at first glance. Embedded stereotypes predict that one cannot do without millions of investments. But if you show good organizational and negotiating skills, as well as develop and adhere to a clear business plan, you can open a construction company with zero investment.

Types of construction firms

In the construction industry, it is customary to divide firms according to certain qualifications, as a result of which each has its own set of functions. The following types of construction companies are noted:

• architectural and design;
• general contractor;
• subcontractors.

The latter are also divided into specialists and suppliers.

Architecture and design firms are among the elite in this field, recruited from highly qualified professionals with practical experience. Often, such companies concentrate talented architects who have an academic degree.

Architectural and design firms - the elite of the construction business

The general contractor requires no less experienced and qualified specialists who are well aware of all the features and subtleties of construction, can be engaged in the construction of buildings, installation work, interior decoration etc.

As for subcontractors performing work, they can be tied to general contractors and perform certain types of work for them. But they can also work independently, performing the same work as the general contractor, but only in a much smaller volume.

Subcontractors perform many types of work: from construction to finishing

Suppliers are not construction companies, but sellers who specialize in the supply of special equipment, machinery and materials. Their main activity is trade.

Is it profitable to open a construction business: advantages and possible risks

Given this distribution of functions between different types of companies, it can be concluded that it is subcontractor enterprises that can perform certain types of work that are most accessible to newcomers to open. Experts point out that the profitability in this area is very high - up to 70-80%, the payback is even big investments ranges from one to one and a half years.

But, as in any highly profitable business, there is very strong competition, entering the market is quite difficult, and finding an investor who is ready to invest in a newcomer is problematic. The fact is that it is difficult for a start-up company to show the high quality of the work performed, and its competitiveness depends on this.

How to be in such a situation? Where to get the necessary funds? This is where good organizational skills are needed. The most important thing you can't do without is qualified personnel. It does not require serious money to hire him, especially since he can already be hired under a taken order. As for special equipment, tools, they can be rented or leased. This approach allows you to significantly reduce the entry into the business, you can also pay for rent by prepayment for the order received. These funds are also used to purchase materials for construction.

It remains only to register the enterprise, join the SRO and rent the premises.

Where to start: paperwork

Business registration process construction company is no different from registering an enterprise in another area. There is only uncertainty, what is better to tear off: IP or LLC? You can also open an individual entrepreneur, but they still recommend choosing an LLC. This is due to the fact that the LLC has more opportunities, this form is more flexible to any changes in the legislation, it has the ability to obtain any licenses, if any.

Finally, an LLC is liable to counterparties with its authorized capital, while an individual entrepreneur is liable with its own property. And adverse events, incidents in this area are so likely that it is better to risk authorized capital than your own.

To register an LLC, in addition to the authorized capital, you will need:

• come up with a company name;
• indicate its location;
• indicate the founders of the company;
• list all activities of the organization.

You can register an enterprise yourself or outsource this to a law firm. This service will cost from 2 to 4 thousand rubles.

Difficulties in documenting begin when it is required to obtain special permits that would allow certain types of work to be carried out. We are talking about the registration of the status of a self-regulatory organization (SRO). This status makes it possible to carry out work that involves high risk. But it is not needed for those enterprises that carry out the construction:

• block houses, in which no more than 10 blocks;
• structures that do not exceed three floors;
• buildings with an area of ​​​​not more than 1.5 thousand m 2;
• buildings in which only one family can live.

This means that an ordinary construction company will not need to register an SRO. But without a building permit, not a single enterprise that is engaged in the construction of structures can do. It is obtained from local governments and without it it is forbidden to build anything.

To engage in construction activities, you will first have to obtain the necessary permits and licenses.

If a company provides design services, it cannot do without issuing an appropriate license. The same is true for the provision of engineering services. The costs of processing these documents are minimal and do not require the help of investors.

Location selection

Where is the company's office located? The location of the company is not important, its orders do not depend on it. It can be located completely on the outskirts of the city, which reduces rental costs.

Not customers will come to the contractor, but vice versa. It is the construction company that needs to look for a customer, offer him his services, come to him to agree on any issues. If the subcontractor managed to get an order from the general contractor for some large facility, then the location of the office can be placed there.

Equipment and personnel

As mentioned above, any equipment and tools can be rented or leased. But even if you have the funds to purchase it, get the essentials, depending on what kind of work the company specializes in. Please note that no construction company can provide itself with everything necessary own equipment. Therefore, do not strive to achieve the impossible in this direction, it is better to spend the saved money on promotion and staff.

none construction company cannot provide itself with all the necessary own equipment

All materials are purchased after receiving an order, depending on which its quantity and quality are determined. Not always the customer, guided by considerations of economy, will make a choice in favor of high-quality building materials. Therefore, there is no need to pre-purchase it in high quality, at a higher price.

But the selection of personnel must be taken very seriously. To do this, it is better to immediately take a personnel officer who has experience in the construction industry to help yourself. He will help you quickly select the right specialists and a good foreman. In addition, you will need an architect-designer and an accountant.

Promotion instructions

Promotion depends on specialization. If a company specializes in performing work for individuals, then you will have to start a good website, create a whole system for attracting customers who will find the company through search queries on the web and through print advertising.

Your own website is a great opportunity to showcase examples of your work, if any.

In the event that the company will work with general contractors, it will have to actively cooperate with their managers. You will need good negotiating skills, and if they are not, then hire a manager or director of the company who has these skills.

Do not disregard participation in tenders. To do this, hire one employee whose duties will include preparing the necessary documentation and participating in tenders. You should not rely only on this method of attracting customers, since so many competitors are doing the same and the probability of winning them is small. However, you can get several customers a year through this channel.

Income and expenses

The answer to this question depends on the chosen direction. Here is a calculation for a small company that specializes in construction work. Its costs will be:

• purchase of tools - from 100,000 rubles;
• staff salary or payroll fund (PHOT) - 120,000 rubles.

The payroll is formed taking into account the salary for 4-5 people. The firm will also need a vehicle to deliver personnel, tools and material to the site, but if this is not available, a carrier can be hired.

Repair rates are as follows:

• cosmetic repairs - up to 1,500 rubles. for 1 m 2;
• economy repair - from 2,000 rubles. for 1 m 2;
• luxury class works - from 3,500 rubles. for 1 m 2.

In a month, such a company, with an average workload, can carry out repairs from 200 m 2. And this will bring income from 400,000 rubles. We take away the costs of the payroll, payment for transport, rental of premises and taxes, about 200,000 rubles will remain. Investments in tools will pay off in half a month.

Of course, this is an optimistic forecast and it will be difficult to achieve such indicators at the initial stage. In the above calculation, there are no expenses for registration of the company. If the company plans to deal only with internal repair work, then registering an individual entrepreneur or LLC will not require significant investments. But if we are talking about a large-scale project that focuses on a wide range of services, then registration will take longer and require significantly more funding.

It is better to start in this business during the period of increased demand, which begins with the beginning of the thaw and ends in October. During this period, the demand for the services of construction companies is very high and it is not difficult to find a customer. You can reduce monthly expenses by saving on carrier services. To do this, you can lease a car, paying for its rent will be inexpensive, and someone from the construction team can be the driver.

Features of opening a large enterprise

If the company plans to provide services to government agencies and legal entities, then you will have to register an LLC. When registering an IP, the owner deprives himself of the opportunity to work with large customers.

It is better to delegate the registration process to one of the law firms. At the same time, you need to order a website for the company. All this will cost 20,000–25,000 rubles, which will include payment of the state fee.

Registration of an enterprise is only the first and not the most expensive stage. The next step is to join the SRO.

If earlier it was necessary to obtain state licenses to work in the construction industry, now this process has been abolished. Such a concept as a self-regulatory organization, which is made up of specialists in the relevant field, has been introduced. For the construction industry, this organization is made up of professionals of all related professions who work in the field - roofers, geologists, and so on.

To become a member of the SRO, you need to submit the following documents:

• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
• a photocopy of the certificate of state registration of the company and its registration with the tax service;
• articles of association;
• an extract from the decision of the founders of the organization on the appointment of the head of the company.

A photocopy must be issued by a notary. In addition to these documents, which provide information about the company, it is necessary to submit documents characterizing its personnel, namely:

• photocopies of documents on specialized higher or secondary specialized education;
• photocopies work books workers, labor contracts concluded with them;
• copies of certificates of advanced training of personnel.

If managers cannot submit documents confirming the presence of specialized education, the company will not be able to carry out serious work. She will only have access to Finishing work and minor repairs. For professions such as an electrician or a high-rise fitter, it is required to submit copies of non-expired certificates that indicate the tolerance group and have a mark on passing a medical examination. All these documents must be accompanied by a valid business card of the head of the company with contact details.

For joining the SRO, you will have to pay a fee of up to 25,000 rubles. The amount of the contribution depends on the local situation, it can be much less, but not less than 10,000 rubles. But you won’t be able to get off with one installment, you need to deposit 300,000 rubles. to the SRO compensation fund. This contribution is nothing more than civil liability insurance for a member of the organization. As a result, taking into account the state registration of the company, creating a website, joining the SRO, you will have to pay about 350,000 rubles.

Having formalized a construction company in this way, you can deal with investments as indicated above, but practitioners recommend making investments in the project so that the company has some kind of its own material support. This will require significant financial investments, namely:

• for the purchase and rental of special construction equipment, geodetic and geological surveys, design work will have to spend from 10 million rubles;
• for a garage to accommodate equipment and an office, you will have to pay from 60 thousand rubles a month;
• the purchase of overalls, hand tools for the team will cost at least 400,000 rubles.

Taking into account the payment of the office rent for the year and the execution of documents, the initial investment will amount to approximately 11 million rubles. Such a start is significantly different from the one proposed above, but it allows you to get large orders very quickly, allowing you to recoup the initial investment within 1–1.5 years.

Here about how to open a construction company, what you need for this, what equipment, as well as finished example business plan for its opening.

At all times, construction has been and will be the most promising type of service provision, because. few of ordinary people he can build a house himself, renovate an apartment, change pipes, because it requires special skills, knowledge and professionalism.

In this article, we will consider the plan itself, as well as the basic information that is associated with the opening of repair and construction companies and their subsequent successful activities.

Business plan - example

We present you a ready-made example of a typical construction company business plan for opening a small repair and construction organization, consisting of 11 people, including the director, for free.

We note right away that in your case, the costs, of course, can be significantly different, because. it all depends on the volume of services you provide, their types, as well as the number of orders and the amount of work.

Do not forget that many construction companies and firms very often use the services leasing companies who provide special equipment, construction equipment and personnel for servicing it for rent, so in which case you can easily increase your staff at any time by doing the same, but read about this below in the paragraph “Special equipment, equipment and leasing”.

How to open a construction firm/company?

So, consider the information on how to open a construction company (company) in detail.

In fact, the process of opening this company is no different from any other. The key points for an LLC consist of the following points:

1. Name of the organization - construction company;
2. Location of the company;
3. Authorized capital;
4. The founders (participants) of the society.

Based on the above, you will need the following documents:

• Copies of the passports of the founders and / or information about the legal entities that are the founders (name, location, PSRN, OKPO, TIN);
• Information about the address of the location of the registered legal entity, i.e. you;
• Information about the main activities of the construction company;
• Information on the amount and method of formation of the authorized capital.

It would be easiest to contact law firms, because registration services are not expensive - around 3,000 rubles, but you can do everything yourself by paying the state duty and standing in line for a while.

But there are, of course, differences, or rather one thing - this is the need to have a special permit for certain types of work by construction companies (organizations), but read about this in the paragraph “SRO and other permits”.

Fields of activity - services rendered

So, what types of activities can your construction company - organization. There are the following areas:

• Industrial engineering.
• Civil Engineering.
• Road construction.

Each of them includes the following services:

• Construction (turnkey or not) of buildings, residential buildings, warehouses, baths, garages, etc. The term "turnkey" means that you will build a complete facility with a roof, engineering communications etc. elements.
• Repair, installation, dismantling.
• Additional services of a construction company. There are three of them:
  • Leasing of your equipment and personnel;
  • Education. If there are specialists in your company, you can provide training services for personnel of other companies. Often, when selling any equipment, these services are required.
  • Sale of goods: building materials, projects, building equipment. Moreover, when selling projects, for example, country houses, as a rule, they again turn to your construction company for their implementation, i.e. you will build them.

SRO and other permits

Many people think that the registration of an SRO or some other permission is required to open any repair and construction company and firm. In fact, this is far from the case. We list all the main types of "licenses" and the moments when they are required:

• SRO(short for Self-Regulatory Organizations). Strictly speaking, SRO is not a license and not even a permit and admission, but the very status of a construction company (firm), on the basis of which some types of services that are associated with great risks are allowed. SRO is not required if you will build: buildings with a height of no more than three floors; block residential buildings in which the number of residential blocks does not exceed ten; buildings with an area of ​​less than 1500 sq.m.; objects of individual housing construction, which are intended for the residence of one family. Those. For an ordinary company, an SRO is not needed at all.
• Building permit. Without it, nothing can be built anywhere. This permit is issued to construction companies and organizations by local governments with the participation of the head municipality and chief architect of the district (city). The cost to get it is minimal.
• License for the design of buildings and structures. Necessary for the activities of legal entities and entrepreneurs who do not have legal education to provide design services.
• License for engineering surveys during construction. This is a permit for engineering work in construction and design.

Special machinery, equipment and leasing

Here we will analyze not the cost of special equipment and equipment for construction and installation work, but a service thanks to which you can significantly reduce your costs for the purchase of all of the above and its maintenance.

So, leasing is, in its own words, rent by use. In this case, you will rent, although you can do this additionally. This service is simply necessary if your construction company does not have enough equipment to carry out any work. You can rent everything from an excavator to a drill.

Not a single construction company can provide itself with all the necessary equipment, because it will be unprofitable for it. Some companies and organizations have this equipment in their staff, but, as a rule, its quantity is minimal. Besides, why buy an excavator and hire an excavator operator if you need them a couple of times a year? Therefore, before opening, think carefully about what you will need all the time. Usually this is the most minimal tool, without which no construction can do.

Options for cooperation and search for orders

If we talk about large-scale construction projects, then they are usually carried out with the participation of construction contractors. Those. one large organization - a company that has all the organizational skills, first participates in the tender, wins it and then hires other companies to cooperate in the construction of this object. At the same time, some construction company builds the foundation, another conducts communications, and someone supplies windows and mounts them, etc. Those. having such a contractor as a friend will be very profitable business. But who knows, maybe you yourself will become one.

As for private construction (garages, baths, private houses), then it would be an excellent option to advertise or cooperate with outlets building materials. Do not forget about the Internet and, of course, advertising in the territories of villages, towns, etc.

We hope that this article on how to open a construction company and its business plan will help you start your own business.

The construction process in any locality doesn't stop for a minute. Some companies are building multi-story houses and cottages, others build shopping centers and factory shops, others are engaged in the repair and decoration of apartments. Therefore, many entrepreneurs are thinking about the possible prospects for such activities and the income associated with it.

But how to start a construction business for a beginner? To answer this question, you need to consider all the stages of creating an enterprise, including a preliminary assessment of the demand and activity of competitors, the search for a free niche, recruitment and purchase of equipment. But the most important thing is understanding the structure of the industry, the ways in which construction companies interact, the principles of division of labor and responsibility, as well as the mechanisms of legislative regulation. Without this knowledge, a novice entrepreneur runs the risk of repeating the mistakes of his predecessors and even losing the money invested in the business.

Types and features of business

The number of possible lines of business in the construction industry is in the dozens; even a novice entrepreneur will be able to find among this variety suitable option based on personal preference. The scale of the projects being implemented in this case is determined by the volume of capital investments in the enterprise:

• A large business with investments from 100 million rubles involves the construction residential areas and multi-storey buildings, industrial enterprises, educational and medical institutions, stations and airports, highways and railways, bridges and other similar objects;
• Medium business with investments from 20 million rubles includes the construction of private houses, cottage settlements, repair of multi-storey buildings and pavement, production and wholesale supply building materials;
• Small business with investments from 500 thousand rubles is mainly repair and decoration of apartments, construction country houses and outbuildings, production of building materials on a "garage" scale, as well as work as a subcontractor with a narrow specialization (for example, roofing, installation of engineering networks, installation of windows and doors, insulation of buildings).

Industry structure

The construction of any facility includes design, execution of permits, budgeting, involvement of specialists to carry out different kind works, purchase of building materials and equipment. Very few companies are able to cover all these areas at the same time. Therefore, when considering the features of the construction business, it can be noted that there is a certain specialization in this industry:

1. Architectural and design bureaus are exclusively engaged in the development and design project documentation. Such activities require not only experience, education and special knowledge, but also obtaining numerous permits and permits. Therefore, this type of business is not available to novice entrepreneurs;
2. General contractors assume the bulk of the responsibility for the project, as they determine its cost, completion time, estimate possible risks and select subcontractors. Running a construction business of this magnitude requires having your own fleet of various special equipment, material and technical base and a staff of experienced specialists;
3. Subcontractors specialize in performing a narrow range of specific work and work under a contract with a general contractor. In the question of how to develop a construction business from scratch, aspiring entrepreneurs should pay attention to this particular area of ​​activity: in order to create such an enterprise, it is enough to form a small team and purchase equipment;
4. Suppliers assume obligations to provide construction materials of the required range and quality in the required volumes.

Choice of direction

An entrepreneur creating a new construction business must first of all determine the priority areas of the enterprise. Of course, it is somewhat more difficult for companies with a narrow specialization to find customers, but also attempts to over-expand the range of services without proper experience will lead to an unjustified expenditure of funds and resources. Therefore, it would be more expedient to focus on one of the main types of construction business, including:

1. Civil Engineering. The direction includes the construction of multi-apartment and private residential buildings, cottages, administrative buildings, hotels, garages, railway stations, shopping and entertainment complexes;
2. Industrial engineering. This area includes the construction of industrial buildings, workshops, warehouses, factory buildings;
3. Agricultural construction. This type of activity involves the construction and equipping of poultry farms, livestock and greenhouse complexes, vegetable stores, elevators;
4. Road construction. This business includes the construction and reconstruction of transport infrastructure facilities - automobile and railways, bridges, tunnels, subway lines.

How to start a construction business from scratch if the dimensions start-up capital limited? In this case, the most accessible direction may be the repair and finishing work in apartments and commercial premises- an enterprise with such a specialization does not need any heavy construction equipment, not in a separate office, not in a large staff. Among the business ideas in the construction industry with minimum investment include:

• Construction of private houses and prefabricated buildings;
• Construction of garages, bathhouses, gazebos and other outbuildings;
• Re-planning, repair and finishing of apartments or private houses;
• Front works, warming of buildings;
• Electric installation work;
• Installation of ventilation, heating and water supply systems;
• Installation of stretch ceilings;
• Painting works, applying decorative plaster;
• Laying of all types of floor coverings;
• Laying ceramic and granite tiles;
• Installation of plasterboard structures.

Advantages and disadvantages

The construction business in Russia is complex and multifaceted. Each direction has its own characteristics, without studying which it is almost impossible to create a successful enterprise - for example, the construction of cottages becomes popular during periods of economic growth, and budget repair apartments is relevant during the crisis. Nevertheless, the overall prospects for the construction business in 2018 can be assessed on the basis of positive and negative factors that have a direct impact on this industry as a whole. Benefits include:

• High level of income - even with a profitability of 15–20%, the profit of a construction company amounts to hundreds of thousands of rubles;
• Ability to work with both private and corporate clients;
• Constant demand for services - apartments, houses, commercial and industrial building in need of regular repairs, and developers continue to commission new microdistricts;
• Opportunity to receive income not only from the construction of facilities, but also from their design;
• Regular involvement of companies that have proven themselves with better side, to work on projects across a city or region;
• Possibility of implementation a large number building business ideas from scratch - among the many areas of activity, any entrepreneur will find the right one for himself.

Of course, the construction business in 2018 also has certain disadvantages, which sometimes significantly limit the freedom of action of the owner of the company:

• The need to join the SRO to perform many types of work;
• The need for heavy construction equipment, the purchase or rental of which is accompanied by significant costs;
• Difficulty in finding qualified and decent personnel;
• The presence of a certain seasonality of demand - the main construction work is carried out in the warm season;
• Difficulty of attracting borrowed money- banks and investors carefully assess the prospects of the construction business and are reluctant to lend to start-up entrepreneurs who have not yet earned a positive reputation for themselves.

Registration and registration

In the construction business, the path from scratch begins with the registration of an enterprise and the execution of various permits. This process includes:

• Actually, the registration of SPD - an individual or legal entity;
• Obtaining a building permit from the local government. Permission is not required for the construction of structures that are not related to capital objects - utility and auxiliary buildings, garages, country houses, kiosks, baths;
• If necessary, join one or more self-regulatory organizations (each of them specializes in a certain type of activity).

Company registration

The process of registering a new enterprise is standard: before starting a construction business from scratch, you need to choose the legal form, types of activities in accordance with OKVED, and the taxation system. Highly specialized companies and entrepreneurs engaged in repair and finishing works may prefer individual entrepreneurs on a simplified taxation system at a rate of 6% or 15%. Expenses accompanying the registration of an individual entrepreneur - payment of a state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.

For larger-scale activities, an LLC is suitable: of course, for such legal form the legislation imposes increased requirements for paperwork and reporting, however, such inconveniences are offset by a simplified procedure for obtaining various permits and licenses, the high status of the enterprise, as well as the possibility of attracting investors as co-owners of the business. The expenses accompanying the registration of an LLC are the payment of a state duty of 4,000 rubles and the formation of an authorized capital (10,000 rubles).

The need to join the SRO

To date, works related to design and construction do not apply to activities subject to mandatory licensing. However, an entrepreneur studying how to open a construction business may pay attention to the existence of a system of tolerances for conducting responsible or hazardous work issued by self-regulating organizations.

SRO is a community of experts in the field of construction, working professionals and owners of operating enterprises, professional training which allows them to determine which newcomers are qualified for such activities. To obtain admission, you need to find a suitable SRO according to the profile, contact its representative and give him:

• Application for membership in the organization in the prescribed form;
• The main documentation of the enterprise - certificates of registration and registration with the Federal Tax Service, the charter of the LLC and a copy of the minutes of the meeting on the appointment of the director;
• Copies of diplomas of specialized education for management;
• Copies of work books to confirm the length of service of employees.

Joining an SRO is a rather expensive procedure for an entrepreneur starting a construction business from scratch.

Membership-related costs include:

• Entrance fee (50 thousand rubles);
• Contribution to the insurance compensation fund (300 thousand rubles);
• Monthly installments (5 thousand rubles);
• Training of at least three specialists (21 thousand rubles);
• Annual contribution under the liability insurance contract (5 thousand rubles).

It should be noted that not all construction work requires obtaining an SRO permit. For example, the official list does not include:

• Repair of apartments, not associated with a change in the load-bearing structures of the building;
• Design, construction and repair of structures that do not require a building permit;
• Construction of individual housing up to three floors high;
• Construction of townhouses up to three floors, including up to ten blocks.

Office space

To open a construction company from scratch, it is not necessary to develop a business plan taking into account the need to rent an office: in many cases, this is not required, since all negotiations and work are carried out on the territory of the customer. If the scale of the enterprise requires its own premises, then a suitable option can be found on the outskirts of the city or in an industrial area.

To accommodate administrative staff (director, accountant, estimator), an area of ​​​​20-25 m² is enough, but another 150-180 thousand rubles will have to be invested in the purchase of office equipment:

• Computers and printers;
• Phones and faxes;
• Work tables and armchairs;
• Chairs for visitors;
• Cases and racks for documentation.

Requirements to warehouses determined by the size of the material and technical base of the enterprise: if for storage hand power tools an ordinary garage is suitable, then for heavy equipment and building materials you will have to rent hangars or specially equipped sites.

Equipment

Due to the high cost of special equipment, few large companies can afford to maintain a full fleet of machines. Therefore, in the construction industry wide use received the practice of renting bulldozers, excavators and cranes. Considering how to develop a construction business, it is possible to provide for their phased acquisition in the future: in order to recoup such investments, the equipment will have to be operated daily. The minimum list of heavy equipment includes:

1. Dump truck on KamAZ chassis (from 1.83 million rubles);
2. Truck crane Ivanovets (from 4.17 million rubles);
3. Komatsu caterpillar excavator (from 2.2 million rubles);
4. Wheel excavator Hyundai (from 4.4 million rubles);
5. Bulldozer Shehwa (from 4.64 million rubles);
6. Mobile trailer for workers (from 150 thousand rubles).

However, you can go into the construction business with small investment- it is enough to have at your disposal:

• Measuring tool - roulettes, levels, rulers, rangefinders, plumb lines, levels and squares of different sizes;
• Power tools - saws, grinders, wall chasers, punchers and drills, welders, vacuum cleaners, jack milks, compressors, building hair dryers, lifting equipment, concrete mixers and plastering stations;
• Hand tools - hammers, crowbars, hacksaws, sealant guns, shovels, buckets, stretchers and wheelbarrows, wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, pliers, trowels, rollers and brushes;
• Protective equipment - goggles, respirators, overalls and footwear, gloves and helmets;
• Scaffolding, ladders, ladders;
• Lighting fixtures - lamps and spotlights.

Equipping the brigade will cost 450-500 thousand rubles. In addition, for the transportation of workers, equipment and building materials, it is desirable to have your own vehicle - a minibus or a small truck.

Personnel composition

In the construction business of 2018, many types of work that do not correspond to the profile of the enterprise are subcontracted. For example, when building a private house, drilling a well or connecting a building to engineering networks is easier and more profitable to entrust to a third-party contractor. Thus, it is enough for a small construction company to have in its state:

• Bricklayer;
• Specialist in plumbing and heating systems;
• Electrician with a tolerance up to 1000 V;
• Finishing specialist;
• Tiler;
• One or more auxiliary workers.

Both piecework and fixed wage systems are used for working personnel. The staffing of the enterprise in the second case may look like this:

staffing

Financial investments and profitability

The amount of initial investment in the construction business is to a certain extent determined by the list necessary equipment, which, in turn, depends on the chosen field of activity. The minimum level of investment is about half a million rubles: with such capital, you can do repair and finishing work or low-rise construction. It is impossible to determine the maximum limit: for example, the value of the assets of the PIK company (the largest Russian developer) is 117 billion rubles. The costs of setting up a small business may include:

Initial investment

Main part running costs companies - wages of employees. Therefore, at the initial stage, only the most necessary specialists should be hired, and in the last place - personnel not directly related to the production process.

Current expenses of the enterprise

To determine the approximate amount of income, you should take into account the average market value of construction work. For example, a company specializing in the repair of apartments may set the following rates:

• Cosmetic repairs - from 1500 rubles / m²;
• Economy class repair - from 2800 rubles / m²;
• Luxury renovation - from 4000 rubles/m²;
• Renovation - from 7500 rubles / m².

In order for the entrepreneur’s net profit to amount to 100 thousand rubles, it is necessary to repair at least 130 m² of residential premises within a month, which is equivalent to two or three medium-sized apartments: with parallel work on several sites, this is quite possible.

Search for customers

When learning how to create a construction business from scratch, where to start preparing for the launch of an enterprise, it should be understood that the main factor determining the success of a company is the presence of a client base. The most effective ways to attract customers can be considered:

• Placement of advertisements in specialized publications and on the Internet. Even a small company should develop its own website - the list of services provided and examples of completed objects are more visual for consumers than abstract advertisements in newspapers;
• Recommendations from satisfied customers. Each person who speaks positively about the level of service and the quality of work can thereby attract two or three new customers, so even low-budget orders should not be neglected;
• Cooperation with famous companies. Some of the clients of such enterprises can be quite large customers who will certainly pay attention to a subcontractor who quickly and efficiently solves the tasks;
• Participation in government and commercial tenders. Of course, this method of finding customers must be taken with all responsibility, because even in the event of a loss, the company will be able to declare itself, and in case of victory, it will have to assume all obligations to complete the project.

Many existing companies have been in the construction industry for decades, making it incredibly difficult for a newcomer to break into this market. These issues are especially relevant in big cities, where the winners of tenders and executors of orders are usually known in advance. In order to find your consumer in the conditions of such competitive struggle, you should: