How to fertilize the beds before planting. What fertilizer should be applied in the spring

Fertilizers applied in the fall are extremely important. After all, they help plants withstand adverse weather conditions. We have collected useful information about what fertilizers to apply in the fall to help the garden, vegetable garden, flower garden and lawn to winter.

In the rainiest time of the year, plants are fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which increase frost resistance and help resist diseases. It is not recommended to use nitrogen fertilizers during this period, as they provoke the growth of young shoots, which often do not have time to ripen before the cold weather and freeze as a result, at the same time causing damage to the entire plant.

Autumn fertilizer for the garden

Fertilizing the soil in autumn is extremely important, because it is during this period that the plants have the last chance to accumulate useful substances to help you get through the winter cold.

by the most important elements during this period, phosphorus and potassium are present, which contribute to the growth of the root system, and also increase the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse weather conditions.

Autumn fertilizers for berry bushes

One of the most popular phosphate fertilizers is superphosphate. On the shelves of stores you can find ordinary (20% phosphorus) or double superphosphate (49% phosphorus), which contains less ballast substances. For top dressing berry bushes you can use 1-2 tbsp. superphosphate under one bush. Fertilizer is scattered over the entire area of ​​the near-stem circle and closed up to a depth of 7-10 cm.

From potash fertilizers in the fall, you can use both sulfate and potassium chloride (15-20 g per 1 sq.m.). Chlorine contained in the last fertilizer to the beginning of the new growing season already have time to evaporate and will not cause any harm to berry bushes.

Beginning gardeners often wonder when to apply autumn fertilizers? Is it possible to do this in one fell swoop, with a generous hand scattering granules under all the trees and shrubs at once? Unfortunately not: the timing of fertilization in the fall for different shrubs is different. So, currants are fed in the third decade of September, gooseberries - at the end of the first autumn month and raspberries in October.

Mineral fertilizers can be combined with organic. For example, under an adult gooseberry bush, 8-15 kg of humus and 40 g of potassium sulfate can be added. Experienced gardeners humus is partially embedded in the soil, and partially used as mulch.

When feeding raspberries and currants, 10-15 kg of humus is combined with 60 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium salt for each bush. For better penetration of fertilizers, they are introduced into grooves 20 cm deep, which are dug 30 cm from the bush.

Berry bushes respond well to chicken droppings. Dry litter is applied for digging at the rate of 0.8 kg per 1 sq.m, avoiding contact of fertilizer with plant roots. Some gardeners prefer to water the aisles with a solution of chicken manure (1:15).

Of the organic fertilizers that are suitable for feeding berry bushes, one can also note wood ash, which is especially liked by raspberries. However, this fertilizer is undesirable to use more often than once every 3-4 years.

Autumn fertilizers for fruit trees

Apple and pear trees can also be fed with double superphosphate (30 g per 1 sq. M of the trunk circle). Every year in September, it is recommended to use potassium sulfate (30 g per 1 sq.m) or potassium monophosphate dissolved in water (10-15 g per 10 liters of water at the rate of 10 liters of solution per 1 sq.m).

Experienced gardeners believe that plums, cherries and apricots can be fed with double superphosphate and potassium sulfate in the same dosages. But at the same time, in order to normalize the acidity of the soil, it is advisable to apply 300 g of lime per 1 sq.m. every five years.

From organic fertilizers in autumn, fruit trees will like humus. It is embedded in the soil under cherries and plums - to a depth of 12-15 cm, under apple and pear trees - to a depth of 15-20 cm. Trees up to 8 years old require about 30 kg of humus, older plants - about 50 kg of this organic fertilizer.

As an alternative, rotted (2-3 years) manure can be used. 4-5 kg ​​of fertilizer is applied to tree trunks fruit trees under the dig.

Autumn fertilizers for conifers

There are several views on the autumn feeding of conifers. Some gardeners believe that fertilizers can only be applied in spring, as well as in the middle of summer, so that young, non-lignified shoots that form due to late top dressing do not freeze in winter.

But sometimes, with a deficiency of microelements, plants develop chlorosis, which is expressed in the acquisition of lighter needles or, conversely, brownish shades. In addition, some gardeners claim that autumn feeding is important for the normal functioning of the roots. Be that as it may, the availability of industrial autumn fertilizers designed specifically for coniferous plants, confirms that it is useful to feed Christmas trees and pines in autumn.

Among these fertilizers wide use received Florovit, which contributes to the lignification of shoots, and also increases frost resistance. You can feed plants with Florovit until the end of September, scattering granules on the ground around trees and shrubs (at the rate of 5 g per 1 m of tree or shrub height).

In general, when feeding coniferous plants, it is desirable to be guided by the principle "it is better to undersalt than oversalted". If you are in doubt if your green pets need late feeding, just mulch the tree trunks with bark. conifers. As it decomposes, it will fertilize and acidify the soil, as well as provide plant roots with additional protection from frost.

Autumn fertilizers for strawberries (garden strawberries)

Autumn top dressing of strawberries is possible from September to October. Plants respond well to organic fertilizers, in particular, to bird droppings, diluted with water 1:15-20 and infused for 2 days. With this composition, grooves are shed between the bushes, carefully bypassing the rosette of leaves.

You can also use mullein diluted 1:10 with water, or slurry diluted 1:8 and left to infuse for 2 days. Under one bush, you can use no more than 1 liter of fertilizer.

From mineral fertilizers good option may be a mixture of nitrophoska (2 tablespoons) and potassium salt (20 g), diluted with 10 liters of water. The maximum allowable portion of fertilizer for one strawberry bush is 1 liter.

If you are planning to transfer garden strawberries, then about 40 g of nitrophoska can also be added to each well. However, you need to make sure that the roots of the plants do not come into contact with the fertilizer, otherwise they may get burned.

An excellent option for autumn fertilizer when transplanting strawberries can be wood ash(1 glass per 1 sq.m).

Autumn fertilizer for roses

In autumn, roses can be fed twice: in early September (if your roses finished blooming late), and also in late September - early October. Autumn fertilization can be root and foliar.

For root dressing, you can use a complex autumn fertilizer intended directly for these beautiful flowers (according to the instructions), or you can prepare a balanced top dressing yourself. To do this, 16 g of potassium monophosphate and 15 g of superphosphate are diluted in 10 liters of water. This volume is enough to feed plants on an area of ​​4-5 sq.m.

Roses also respond well to top dressing with the following solution: 10 g of potassium sulfate, 25 g of superphosphate and 2.5 g boric acid- per 10 liters of water.

When applying boric acid, be careful - its excess can cause root burns and lead to disruption of vegetation.

At the same time, in order to avoid potassium starvation, it is important to feed the roses with ashes. To do this, you can use an ash solution (100 g of ash per 10 liters of water) or simply sprinkle the soil around the bushes with ash.

Ashes can also be successfully used for foliar feeding (200 g per 10 liters of water).

Also in autumn majestic garden beauties can be sprayed with a solution of potassium monophosphate and superphosphate (5 g of each drug per 10 liters of water).

Autumn fertilizer for lilies

Fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium will significantly increase the winter hardiness of the bulbs, which means that next year the plants will not take much time to recover from the frost, and they will please you with beautiful buds earlier. For the lilies to accumulate enough nutrients, you can use superphosphate (1 tablespoon double or 2 tablespoons simple) and potassium magnesia (1.5 tablespoons) per bucket of water. This amount of solution is sufficient for watering 1 sq.m of plantings.

Also, in late autumn, slightly frozen soil can be mulched with a 10-centimeter layer of compost, which will become both fertilizer and an additional warm "fur coat" for wintering bulbs.

Autumn lawn fertilizers

Many people think that for a beautiful lawn, you just need to get good seeds and regularly mow the organic green "mat". But that's not the case at all. Lawn grass, like other plants, requires care, including timely feeding. Popular autumn lawn fertilizers are bone meal (2-3 cups per 1 sq.m), as well as superphosphate (50-70 g per 1 sq.m).

Of the ready-made complex fertilizers, the granular fertilizer of prolonged action Fertik lawn autumn, as well as Bona Forte lawn, are popular. Optimal time for the introduction of these compounds into the soil - the end of August - the beginning of September.

In addition, so that the green lawn will please you next year, in the fall you can spray ash over it, which is also a good absorbent for harmful substances capable of inflicting damage appearance your lawn. This procedure can be repeated in the spring after the snow melts.

Autumn fertilizer for the garden

In autumn, the crop is usually already harvested. Of course, there are winter crops. For example, when landing winter garlic, the soil must be prepared in late August - early September. To do this, for digging on 1 sq.m of area, you can add 10 kg of humus, 1 glass of chalk, 2 tbsp. potassium sulfate and 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

But it is unlikely that winter onions and garlic will occupy your entire garden. Therefore, the released soil can be properly fertilized, without fear of burning the tender roots of plants. What kind of fertilizer does the garden need in the fall?

Organic fertilizers for the garden

rotted manure or compost make every 3-4 years for digging at the rate of 3-4 kg per 1 sq.m.

bird droppings- more concentrated fertilizer. Therefore, it is introduced at the rate of 2 kg per 1 sq.m of beds.

Soil fertilized ash, cabbage will especially like it in spring.

Also, this fertilizer is applied when preparing a plot for potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, radishes, dill, carrots, parsley, peas, beans, beets, watercress. If you add ash every few years, you can spend about 1 kg per 1 sq.m. But if you feed the plants more often, most of your green pets will need 1 cup per 1 sq.m. The ash is not only an excellent source of minerals, but also reduces the acidity of the soil.

And in the case of onions and garlic, ash can be a prophylactic that protects against root rot. To do this, in the fall, for digging, you can add up to 2 cups of ash per 1 sq.m.

Green manure as autumn fertilizer

Siderates are plants with a powerful root system and a rapidly growing green mass. They can be sown after harvest and then mowed and incorporated into the soil. In the process of decomposition, such plants enrich the earth with nutrients.

Legumes (field peas, lentils, clover, annual lupine, spring vetch, alfalfa, sweet clover) can be used as green manure; cereals (spring oats and barley, millet, winter varieties of rye and wheat). Phacelia, sunflower, buckwheat, amaranth, marigolds have proven themselves well as green manure.

Mineral autumn fertilizers for the garden

The most popular autumn fertilizer - superphosphate, which, due to its not too rapid decomposition, is excellent for incorporation into the soil in the rainiest season. Ordinary superphosphate is applied on average at the rate of 40-50 g per 1 sq.m, the application rate of double superphosphate is 20-30 g per 1 sq.m.

A classic autumn fertilizer is also potassium chloride. Before using it, it is important to carefully study the instructions in order to correctly calculate the dosage. But on average they use about 10-20 g of fertilizer per 1 sq.m. When working with potassium chloride, it is recommended to wear goggles and a respirator.

Potassium sulfate does not contain chlorine harmful to many plants. In autumn, the granules are usually embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm. The application rates depend on the plants that will grow in this area in the future. For cucumbers, on average, they add about 15 g per 1 sq.m, for tomatoes - 20 g, for cabbage and turnips - 25 g, for potatoes - 35 g.

Whatever fertilizer you choose for your garden, vegetable garden, flower garden or lawn, it is important to remember that the harvest will not be joyful if it does harm instead of good. But, as you know, the amount of certain elements in similar, at first glance, fertilizers from different manufacturers may differ slightly. And even organic top dressing in significant quantities can contribute to the accumulation of nitrates in the crop. An eloquent example of this is manure or chicken manure. Therefore, when applying any autumn fertilizers to the soil, it is important to check the instructions or recommendations of experienced specialists, and in no case exceed dosages.

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If we want long time enjoy the works of your garden, you should take care of feeding it in time right time, and for this you need to know how to fertilize the garden in the spring, as well as at other times of the year. Until the garden fresh soil, he will be able to do without fertilizers, but after several crops and harvests, he already has to think about how to feed both the plants and the soil.

Purchased fertilizers

The first thing you should know about top dressing before buying fertilizer for the garden in the spring is to choose the right composition. On almost every package with additives, the composition of the minerals and other useful substances included in it is written. Firstly, for dense foliage, all plants need nitrogen, phosphorus - for the development of the root system, potassium is indispensable for fruit plants and trees. The level of these substances can vary widely in various fertilizers sold in gardening stores. The most common products include superphosphate, Crystal, Nitroammophoska, etc. Many mixtures are able to nourish plants for up to twelve months, it is enough to add them to the soil only once, so you don’t have to worry too much about how to fertilize the garden in the spring before planting.

IN winter time Not so much nitrogen gets into the soil, so when thinking about how to fertilize the garden in spring, you should take care of this particular element. Fertilizers are both liquid and granular, in the form of powders and mixtures, here everyone is guided by personal preferences. Liquid equivalents are convenient in that they can be mixed with water in certain proportions and sprayed onto plants. At the same time, they can be used much more often, every two weeks, so that the garden can flourish all summer and delight with good harvests.

natural fertilizers

Many are wondering if there are more natural fertilizer for the spring garden? If you prefer organic, you can use animal by-products, as well as vegetable waste. To date, there are unique mixtures with the addition of chicken manure, seaweed and other organic substances. Despite quite bad smell, such fertilizers are considered one of the most useful and environmentally friendly both for the plants themselves and for our health.

If you have pets, especially cats, it is recommended to bury organic fertilizers well, as they are especially sensitive to odors and some components may be of great interest to them.

If you are interested in good fertilizer for the garden in the spring, you can make on your own. If you know a farmer, ask him for a bag of horse manure, put it in a barrel of water and after a while you will get an excellent liquid fertilizer. Compost can also be made from sheep manure, fishmeal, or seaweed. If you are a fisherman, you do not need to worry about how to fertilize the garden in spring for vegetables. Just save the rest of the fish and crush it into small particles.

You can also breed worms, which help to loosen the soil, thereby contributing to better penetration moisture and providing good access to the root system of plants.

Healthy plants are better able to resist various diseases and negative influence external environment, so the question of fertilizer is vital for your plants. And despite the fact that there are many adherents to fertilize the soil in the fall, before spring planting it is equally important to pay attention to it. in the best way useful for the garden - fertilize twice a year.

For those who are interested in how to fertilize the garden in the spring, a table with a schedule and the exact amount of necessary substances for a particular soil can help.

High beds are now at the peak of popularity. Gardeners love them for their convenience, beauty and practicality. But in this simple, at first glance, case there is a lot important nuances. We will tell about some of them.

For better growth and the development of plants, gardeners increasingly began to make beds high, which have multiple advantages: the soil warms up faster and dries out after the snow melts. This allows in early spring start off garden work. When making high beds, you can not suffer from uprooting stones and roots from the soil, as when digging a regular ridge. The soil in raised beds is loose, saturated with oxygen. And do not be afraid that over time under the influence weather conditions the bed will disperse to the sides and lose its shape. Its strong fences will not allow this to happen.

However, this device has its drawbacks:

* If the weather is too dry, the soil in the raised beds will dry out quickly.

* If trees grow nearby, their roots tend to the soil, which is saturated with nutrients.

* For cats, high beds are very attractive,

But all these nuances can be avoided with proper planning plot and preparation of the beds themselves. Here are a few useful tips:

1. First rule - never walk on the ground

You should not walk on the land that you are going to use for a high bed. After all, only in this case the soil will be light and fluffy. In order to get to any edge of the garden, it is necessary to use paths made of paving stones or boards.

2. After planting, mulching is carried out

For mulch, it is best to use straw, grass clippings, leaves, or wood shavings. Thanks to mulching, you do not have to often weed the beds. In addition, the soil will be constantly moistened, which is very beneficial for plants.

3. Irrigation system must be carefully planned

The best irrigation methods are considered to be heavy rain from a hose or drip irrigation. It is recommended to think over and carry out an irrigation system before planting.

4. Establish a barrier to the growth of weeds and tree roots

Insofar as root system big trees tends to enriched soil, including weeds, it is necessary to establish a serious barrier to them. For this, the lower part of the beds is used. An old carpet or corrugated cardboard can serve as a barrier. For greater reliability, it is better to first place a barrier before filling the bed of earth, and only then fill the base with prepared soil. This work is long and difficult, but it can save you time and money. physical forces further.

5. Annual soil fertilization with compost

The soil in high beds settles over time, the amount of nutrients and minerals in it decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with compost or manure at the beginning of each spring, before planting.

6. Aerating the soil with a garden pitchfork

To loosen overly compacted soil in a high bed, you can use garden forks, which are stuck into the soil to the full depth, and then shake them from side to side. This is how the earth is aerated. This must be done throughout the garden. The result is noticeable immediately - the soil will become loose and fluffy.

7. Backfilling the soil for the beds, even in cases where nothing is planted in them

After the growing season ends, the soil high beds requires further care, which is expressed in the fact that organic mulch is added to it, or cover crops are planted. The soil protected in this way in the harsh winter season from cold and frost will not break down and compact, remaining fluffy and saturated with oxygen throughout the winter.

8. Annual planting of cereal cover crops in the soil

Planting annual cover plants, which include rye, crimson clover, hairy peas, mustard, and barley, at the end of the growing season will keep the soil of high beds fertile. These plants will provide nutrients and minerals to the soil, reduce its erosion, and fix a sufficient amount of nitrogen.

9. Planting planning to extend the season

In order for the growing season to start earlier and last longer, it is necessary to plan plantings on the site. You can install supports and build a simple low tunnel, or you can stretch a sheet over the crops to protect them from nightly drops in temperature.

10. Carrying out composting of the soil of raised beds

Soil composting is essential for raised beds. To do this, you can use worm pipes, trenches, or use other ways to organize compost. So the soil is enriched with useful elements, and you don’t have to form a separate compost pit for this.

What needs to be fed in the garden, and what needs to be fertilized? The question seems to be simple, but very important. Making the earth truly "good" and feeding your garden pets - that's what not an easy task stands in front of the farmer.

FERTILIZE IN SPRING OR AUTUMN?

Let's start with the foundation of the foundations - from the soil. That's what we have to "appease". The question is to fertilize or not to fertilize? - has long been resolved positively, it remains to be decided - how, with what and when?

The first thing to keep in mind is that soil fertilization is a strategic issue. The applied fertilizer will affect the soil for several years.

Feeding is a tactical move, designed for a momentary result.

You cannot replace one with the other. And fertilization, and top dressing - mandatory procedures. But how to combine them is the business of the gardener himself.

So, with the frequent introduction of bird droppings, nitrogen in the nitrate form accumulates in the soil, so it is better to close it up in the fall, evenly distributing it over the entire area.

But manure can be applied to the beds both in spring and autumn, depending on the degree of its readiness. The more humus in it, the more useful it is. The fertilizing effect of manure in any case remains in the soil for several years.

Composts used for all crops in approximately the same doses as manure (15-40 t/ha). They are brought in as a pair (this means scattered over a freshly plowed field, for example, before planting potatoes), for autumn plowing and plowing, in holes when planting seedlings. In terms of fertilizing properties, composts are not inferior to manure, and some of them (for example, peat-dung with phosphorite flour) are superior to it.

organics contribute under the main gas station in the fall, on sandy soils— in the spring. Doses depend on the condition of the soil, the availability of fertilizers and the needs of each plant species.

For any gardener, it is important not to lose sight of the main dacha work. Fertilizer and top dressing - this is by no means all that a summer resident does on his site. good help it has always been provided with special calendars. We also offer a small garden calendar.

Winter. Time to prepare inventory and seeds. There is simply nothing to fertilize during this period.

Spring. The earth is awakening to active life.

March. Garden Cleaning - Pruning fruit trees(sick shoots are burned), treatment of "wounds" with garden pitch.

April. Work continues with fruit trees and shrubs. After the soil dries up, the first steps in the preparation of fertilizers begin. You need to rake up fallen leaves and plant debris - they are great for making compost. If for last year fruit trees have grown no more than 15 cm, then urea is applied under them.

May. The most active time for the activities of the gardener. Here and the fight against root weeds, and planting all kinds of seeds.

It's time to feed the berries and fruit trees. For this, bird droppings or slurry are suitable, the dosage depends on the type of plant and its age. After top dressing, it is good to loosen the soil of the trunk circles and mulch it - for example, with sawdust. And save moisture, and there will be much less weeds.

The first spraying (before flowering) of the garden from pests and diseases. It is better to spray in the evening, at night, in the morning, on cloudy days.

Summer. All forces are directed to obtaining a large, healthy harvest.

June. The main concern of the month is to save plants from diseases and pests. To do this, they put trapping belts (they must be inspected every 10-15 days). Plants are treated (in the presence of diseases and pests) with decoctions, infusions of insecticidal plants.

Do not forget about the compost heap - all weeds and suitable garden debris will go into action.

July. It's time to feed the plants. Cucumbers, tomatoes 1 time in 10 days with mullein or ashes. Carrots, beets, root parsley - ash. It is necessary to remove attention from strawberries - remove diseased plants. You can prepare the soil (for 3 weeks) for planting new bushes. At the end of the month, green manure plants are planted between the beds. If there are problems, you will have to deal with pests and diseases.

August. Cutting down the fruiting shoots. Feeding trees and gardens. Pest and disease control.

Autumn. Final harvest. Preparing for winter.

September. Planting strawberries, mulching. After harvesting the fruits, it will be necessary to remove the trapping belts. Application of organic fertilizers under trees (this procedure is repeated every 4 years).

October. Final treatment for pests and diseases. Area cleaning. Mulching (peat or humus) berry crops planted in the second half of October.

November. Cleaning of all plant residues. Training compost heap for winter. Protection of fruit trees for the winter.

So when is the best time to fertilize the soil: in spring or autumn? It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to this question. The German farmer and scientist E. Wistinghausen devoted a lot of work to this. The conclusions of this work are as follows.

During the autumn fertilization, plant nutrients are part of the soil organo-mineral complex, and the whole next season the plant lives due to the gradual disintegration of this complex and the release of available nutrients.

When applied in spring, organic fertilizer decomposes faster and better supplies plants with soluble nutrients. This is important for plants, since spring and early summer are the period of their active growth, requiring abundant nutrition.

Thus, autumn organic fertilizer contributes more to soil fertility, and spring - to plant nutrition. Both are important.

For many, it may be a "discovery" that agronomy is an exact science that allows you to calculate the expected yield. Forecasts are made for each crop separately, taking into account the actual amount of fertilizer in the soil, data on fertilizer application per centner of production, plant species and variety, percentage of humus and temperature conditions development in different phases for each climate zone. With the help of such calculations, you can achieve maximum results with minimal financial costs.

In addition, precise rationing of applied fertilizers eliminates the appearance of nitrates in plants, which are very harmful to plants. human body substances. And the last. Improper application of mineral fertilizers can significantly reduce the natural fertility of the soil and worsen its structure, and these are very important characteristics of any household plot.

In the spring it is desirable to make full complex fertilizers. Why?

1. It is possible to more accurately calculate the dose for each separate culture. The predecessors are taken into account.
2. The amount of fertilizer is greatly reduced. The fact is that after the autumn application by spring, approximately 80% of the initial amount remains in the soil. active substances. This figure is not universal, some minerals (nitrogen) are very quickly washed out of the soil, while others tend to accumulate in it (potassium). If applied in autumn, the dose should be increased taking into account these factors.

An exception to this rule should be made for organic fertilizer (except for compost). The fresh organic matter brought in in the spring will not have time to rot and will not be fully absorbed by the plants. This, of course, does not matter, organics will remain on next year but labor costs are increasing.

Important note. You should never put in fresh manure cattle, this not only gives the plants a minimum of nutrients, but also brings big problems for growers. In fresh manure, more than 90% of weed seeds retain their germination capacity. If you apply such fertilizers in the spring, then mass sowing of weeds is done at the same time, it is very difficult to deal with them later.

All organic matter must be composted (composted) subject to special regimes. If these are ordinary leaves and waste from the beds, then it is enough for them to make special containers. Cattle manure should be stored in large piles for at least two years. During this time, weed seeds that have fallen into manure from grass or hay will lose their germination capacity.

When to Fertilize in the Spring

The question worries many summer residents, and not only them. In total, there are three periods of fertilization in the spring, each of them has its own characteristics.

Time	Efficiency
	As soon as the snow cover begins to melt, fertilizers are scattered over it. The easiest and fastest, but the most unsuccessful method. The reason in reality is that part of the fertilizers will be washed away by melt water, it is even theoretically impossible to calculate the amount of remaining nutrients. This method can be considered justified only in one case - in the fall it was not possible to bring in under the fall, and in the spring it is necessary to carry out too much work. organic fertilizers entering in this way is prohibited.
	The most efficient way to get the most out of it. Fertilizers have a margin of time to penetrate the soil to the depth of the root system. After fertilizing, it is better to immediately cover with a layer of soil. If not possible, then closing is done during sowing.
	A rather complicated and dangerous method, there is a high probability of error with the norm. If there is modern agricultural sowing equipment, then such application of mineral fertilizers justifies itself. If fertilization is carried out manually, then it is better not to use this technique.

In any case, you need to remember the main rule - fertilizers must be applied fractionally as the plants develop, at least three times during the growing season and ripening. You should never try to give the entire dose at once, except for harm, this will not bring anything. When, how much and what kind of fertilizer to apply depends on specific type plants, expected harvest. In addition, you should consider which part of the plant is used for food: roots, stems and leaves or fruits. This is a separate and complex topic, it needs to be discussed in a separate article.

Mineral fertilizers for spring application

First, a few words must be said about distinguishing features various kinds mineral fertilizers, so it will be easier to navigate with the timing. All mineral nutrients are divided into three groups according to the characteristics of their influence on plant development:

• nitrogen. Significantly increases the green mass of plants. Therefore, an increased dose should be for salads, cabbages, etc.;
• phosphorus. Increases the number and weight of fruits. It is required to increase the dose for all grains, strawberries, peas, etc.;
• potassium. Improves the development of the root system. Application rates increase for root crops: carrots, beets, potatoes, etc.

Of course, the action of fertilizers is much more complicated, but it is in these areas that the maximum return is noted. It must be remembered that there can be no fruit harvest without roots and leaves, plants require nourishment with all substances. For such purposes, complex fertilizers (liquid or granular) are produced. Before applying, you need to carefully study the percentage composition of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus, determine the required indicators, and only then buy and apply. For amateur gardeners, many manufacturers on the packaging immediately indicate the names of crops under which it is recommended to apply one or another complex fertilizer and an approximate dose.

As for quantity, there are no general advice does not exist in all cases. Experienced gardeners do soil analysis every two or three years for the state of residual minerals(in the soil they are always present in one quantity or another) and the percentage of humus. Next, the amount is calculated for each type of fertilizer necessary for the normal development of plants, and the missing dose is determined. In most cases, it is sufficient to apply 200-400 g per 10 m2 of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, the specific ratio of fertilizers depends on the crops grown and the natural fertility of the soil.

Fertilization

In the spring, during germination, it is first necessary to ensure the maximum development of the root system; for this, fertilizers containing a lot of potassium are applied to the soil. Further, to accelerate the development of green mass, plants should be fed with nitrogen and phosphorus is added during fruit ripening.

Important. Plants respond differently to each type of fertilizer. If the dose of potassium is not particularly necessary to monitor (plants will never consume too much), then nitrogen must be handled very carefully (nitrogen is not controlled by the amount of use by plants, the leaves become dark green, very large and unusable). Agronomists strongly recommend keeping a journal in which to make notes about the timing of fertilizer application, their name and quantity. In addition, a specific site should be indicated, which plants were grown on it and how much was harvested. To compile and control crop rotation, you need to have a separate notebook.

Complex mineral fertilizers

In spring, you can apply a full range of complex fertilizers. Their use has a number of advantages over ordinary ones.

1. It is possible to choose the percentage composition of nutrients, taking into account the organic needs of each crop.
2. The frequency of application of fertilizers is significantly reduced, plant care is facilitated, and their productivity increases.

Depending on the type, they are used for incorporation into the soil before preparation or as top dressing during the growing season.

trace elements

Heal plants, reduce the likelihood of viral and bacterial diseases improve their resistance to adverse conditions growth. They are applied in early spring during pre-sowing soil preparation. Doses must be carefully calculated independently or follow the recommendations of manufacturers. It is advisable to do a chemical analysis of the soil before making. Exceeding the recommended amount of trace elements can cause inhibition of plant growth.

Organic fertilizers for spring application

As mentioned above, fresh manure from animals that eat grass or hay should not be introduced in spring. Organic fertilizers have one very important advantage over inorganic fertilizers - they not only serve as excellent plant nutrition, but at the same time significantly improve the mechanical structure of heavy soils and increase the amount of natural humus. Humus - bacteria that take an active part in the assimilation of minerals by plants.

1. Humus. It is recommended to apply before direct preparation of the soil for spring sowing, needs immediate soil closure. Otherwise, most organic compounds quickly fade away.

   

   Humus

2. It is brought in in the same terms and on the same technology, as well as manure. But with this fertilizer you should be very careful. Some unscrupulous manufacturers sell peat with high acidity. Its introduction not only reduces productivity, but also causes significant damage to the soil. Subsequently, they will have to be deoxidized, and these are additional losses of time and financial resources.

   

3. A very aggressive fertilizer, if the dose is exceeded, it can significantly damage plants. Litter must be diluted with water before application. It is advisable to water the plants in the spring after planting and during the next feeding.

   

4. . It is made from various organic waste, including food. It is introduced during pre-sowing soil preparation with simultaneous incorporation. Very valuable fertilizer universal use, but only if prepared with unconditional observance of agricultural technology.

   

5. The quantity can not be regulated, it is not washed out of the soil, plants use only right amount nutrients. Disadvantages - difficulties during spring application, work should only be done in calm weather. Experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling spring snow with ashes - the soil under the beds warms up much faster.

   

6. . In our country, there is still an unusual fertilizer, one of the most effective and environmentally friendly. Worms are introduced into the ground in spring when it warms up to +12 at a depth of 10–15 cm. Work should be done carefully, upper layer can be subjected to pre-sowing treatment a few days after the introduction of worms. The disadvantage is that highly productive heat-loving worms are used for breeding, most of them die in winter. If agricultural technology is followed correctly, then worms will live in ordinary land, however, their number is not enough to noticeably increase productivity.

   

7. They are widely used among flower growers and gardeners. The preparations contain microorganisms that improve the absorption of minerals from the soil. This is the same humus, only in a concentrated state. Apply in the spring at the time of sowing different cultures, soils should be warmed up to optimal temperatures. Some bacteria convert forms of mineral substances inaccessible to plants into accessible ones, and some accumulate nitrogen from the air and fix it on the root system of plants.

   

8. It is made from organic sediments of water bodies, it can be applied as before spring training soil and during sowing. Be sure to cover with earth.

   

Using the information provided, it will be possible to more consciously choose the time, method, name and amount of fertilizers for application in the spring.

Video - Strawberry Fertilizer