What fertilizer is needed for growing cucumbers. Fertilizer for cucumbers when planting

• For the first time, we feed the cucumbers at the beginning of their flowering with the following solution: add 1 teaspoon to 10 liters of water, and mix and introduce a glass of mushy mullein. Instead of a glass of mullein, you can take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of sodium humate.

• During the fruiting period of cucumbers grown in open ground, they need to be fed about 4 times. We make the first top dressing with a solution consisting of 10 liters of water, Art. spoons of nitrophoska and a glass of mushy chicken manure. And all the subsequent ones are like this: add 1 teaspoon of potassium sulfate and 0.5 liters of mullein to 10 liters of water, 4-6 liters of solution will be needed per 1 m². If there is no litter and mullein, they can be easily replaced with the compositions "Breadwinner", "Fertility", "Ideal" (all of them are natural humic fertilizers) or simply sodium humate.

The process of feeding cucumbers in the open field is shown in the following video:

Cucumber care is in tying shoots plants, which must be carried out regularly - as they grow.

After the formation of 6-7 leaves, the main stem of the cucumber should pinch, this way you stimulate the branching of the plant and increase the yield.

Do not forget about the regular collection of fruits (2-3 times a week), it will contribute to more abundant fruit formation.

There are more and more varieties and hybrids of cucumbers every year. At the same time, their composition is significantly updated annually - preference is given to the most, well, relatively resistant to various diseases.

Please be aware that all F1 hybrids do not retain their unique properties in the second generation, that is, it makes no sense to collect seeds.

"Farmer F1"

Mid-season productive bee-pollinated hybrid with a predominantly female type of flowering, relatively cold-resistant, extremely resistant to powdery and downy mildew and olive blotch. Cucumbers "Farmer F1" are grown in protected and open ground. The green fruit reaches 12 cm. The peculiarity of this hybrid is the intensive growth of the main lash and the rapid appearance of side shoots, with the growth of which the peak of mass fruiting begins.

"Othello F1"

A uniquely early hybrid: the ripening of small-tubercular fruits begins already 45 days after shoots have appeared.

Crispy cucumbers "Othello F1" have a pleasant taste (even overripe fruits remain sweetish), genetically devoid of bitterness. The fruits may long time maintain excellent taste and marketable condition. Resistant to powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus, downy mildew and. The hybrid is cultivated not only in open ground, but also in greenhouses, as well as using temporary film shelters.

"Regina F1"

Mid-season hybrid. It is used for growing under temporary film shelters and in open ground. Prone to parthenocarpy, quite resistant to cucumber mosaic viruses, root rot, powdery (true) dew pathogens and cladosporiosis. Graceful fruits are also devoid of bitterness and are distinguished by excellent taste, ripening as early as 50-55 days after germination.

"Leandro F1"

Quite an early and high-yielding hybrid, resistant to stressful conditions and various diseases. It is distinguished by the female type of flowering, due to which it bears fruit well. Cucumbers with large pimples are great for.

"Evita F1"

Early ripe hybrid. Thanks predominantly female type flowering is characterized by high yields. Equally super-resistant to stressful conditions and diseases. Recommended for growing in tunnels and open ground. Fruits - dense pimply cucumbers are characterized by high pickling qualities: devoid of bitterness, with small seed chambers. Many vegetable growers consider it the best hybrid for canning.

In addition to the above, cucumber varieties such as:

• "Paris Gherkin";
• "Crane";
• "Desdemona";
• "Moscow gherkin".

Our market will help you - an illustrated catalog, which presents products from various online stores.

Cucumber Parisian gherkin 15 rub LOOK
Russian Garden

Cucumber F1 Othello 14 rub LOOK
Russian Garden

Cucumber F1 Crane 13 rub LOOK
Russian Garden

Cucumber Desdemona F1* 17 rub LOOK
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To make it more convenient to choose hybrids according to their qualities, we divided them into two groups.

AT first placed bee-pollinated: to obtain fruits, pollination by insects is required.

"Octopus F1"

Yielding early hybrid gherkin type. Cylindrical fruits are dark green, thorny, absolutely devoid of bitterness, reach a length of 5-10 cm.

"Octopus F1" is resistant to bacteriosis, cladosporiosis and relatively resistant to root rot and downy mildew.

"Spring F1"

Mid-season hybrid. The length of the main lash is about 3 m, with medium branching. The fruits are cylindrical, with a smooth base, slightly tuberculate, without bitterness. In one bunch, 3-4 fruits are formed simultaneously, the mass of greens reaches 100 g.

"Zozulya F1"

Early maturing hybrid, partially parthenocarpic. Fruiting occurs already 45-50 days after shoots have appeared. The fruits are cylindrical, rarely tuberculate, without bitterness, 13-25 cm long. Up to 25 kg of cucumbers are removed from 1 m².

In second The section includes parthenocarpic hybrids that set fruits without pollination by insects.

We have selected the best of the best.

Cucumbers are one of the most popular crops grown in household plots and farms. Each gardener has his own methods for planting cucumbers in his arsenal. open ground or a greenhouse, thanks to which it is possible to obtain high yields. But the main secret is still in compliance general rules agricultural techniques, which will be discussed in this article.

We will consider varieties that can be planted in the Urals or in the Moscow region, we will tell you at what correct depth to plant a seed, how to fertilize seedlings and how to feed the soil in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

Planting seeds or seedlings begin from the second half of May to June 15. At this time, there is still a danger of night frosts or a drop in temperature below 12 degrees, so the beds need protection.

Build it with polyethylene film or agrofibre. In the daytime, the plants open up for oxygenation and sunlight, which are very important for normal vegetation.

At seedling method growing greens, the timing of the transfer of seedlings to an open garden is taken into account.

As a rule, from the moment of planting in the spring before transplanting, 3-4 weeks pass. It is not worth keeping young shoots in greenhouse conditions, this disrupts the rhythm of plant development and reduces the formation of ovaries.

The most popular varieties

For planting in the Urals

Parthenocarpic hybrid with a growing season of 40-45 days. Fruit length up to 12 cm and weight up to 110 grams have excellent taste and high commercial qualities. The plant is resistant to cladosporiosis, downy mildew, cucumber mosaic.

A bee-pollinated early-maturing hybrid that produces fruits weighing up to 118 grams, length up to 15 cm. Versatile use and excellent palatability have made the culture popular for use and planting in regions with difficult climatic conditions.

Amur features: self-regulating branching, intensive fruit formation, long shelf life.

cold hardy plant with fruits up to 17 cm. The hybrid is resistant to downy mildew and cucumber mosaic. The type of flowering is predominantly female.

The hybrid is characterized by good development of lateral shoots even when planted in low light conditions.

To plant in the suburbs

Early ripe hybrid that forms fruits by weight up to 200 grams. The length of the green reaches 15-25 cm, the pulp is tender without a taste of bitterness. A feature of the variety is the absence of yellowness on an overripe vegetable. There is tolerance to fungal diseases and spider mites.

The growing season lasts about 55 days. Zelentsy at the stage of maturity reach a length 8-10 cm, weights - 100g. The whip grows up to 1.8 m, is highly branched. The culture is characterized by resistance to bacteriosis, downy mildew.

An ideal cucumber for pickling, the length of the fruit reaches 12-14 cm, the weight - 100-120 grams. Harvesting can be planned 35-45 days after the sprouts germinate above the soil surface.

Strong immunity is manifested in the resistance of the plant to fungal infections and pests.

Hybrid of universal application with the vegetation period of 46-50 days. On one lash, fruits weighing 120-125 grams. The composition of greens is rich in ascorbic acid and sugar, which gives the taste interesting notes. The vegetable is suitable for fresh consumption and processed.

To plant in Ukraine

The plant is resistant to heat, so the hybrid is incredibly popular in the southern part of Ukraine. The culture requires pollination, the maturation period allows you to start harvesting 45 days after germination. Fetal weight within 90-110 grams.

Zelentsy ripen quickly, their size is small, but you can remove them from the bush during the season an average of 1.8 kg. The variety is bee-pollinated, resistant to diseases and pests. Young shoots quickly adapt to a new environment when transplanted.

- mid-season representative of cucumbers, giving generous harvests. The Nezhinsky hybrid is tolerant to various diseases, shows resistance to temperature extremes.

The fruits retain their taste even when pickled. Zelentsy is harvested 47-60 days after the appearance of sprouts above the soil surface. Removed from one whip up to 1.2 kg cucumbers.

The sprawling whip does not need pinching, but the plant is quite demanding on moisture. For proper care gives the owners bountiful harvest and, most importantly, early. The growing season lasts only 35 days. The weight of the green reaches 120 g at length 12-13 cm.

A feature of the hybrid is the absence of yellowness even in an overripe state.

Rules for planting cucumbers in open ground and a polycarbonate greenhouse

planting cucumbers on open beds carried out after the night temperature has been established not lower than 10 degrees. If you sow a seed in a greenhouse or greenhouse, then the temperature conditions are milder.

Selection of seedlings for sowing in spring

If seedlings are grown independently, then the timing of sowing the variety should be taken into account. Early varieties landed late March - early April. Mid-season and late greens are sown for seedlings, starting from April 15.

When choosing seedlings in the market, the following factors should be taken into account:

• the age of the seedlings should not be older than 30-35 days;
• stem height reaches 25-30 cm;
• the length of the subcotyloid knee does not exceed 5 cm, the thickness is from 0.6 to 1 cm;
• white pimples (rudiments of roots) are visible on the hypocotyl knee;
• the number of formed sheets is 5-6, the diameter of the lower reaches 16-20 cm.

The root system of cucumbers is poorly developed, so there is a high probability of damage during transplantation. In order not to injure the plant, many gardeners use to sow and grow seedlings peat or paper pots, from which it is not necessary to extract the shoot when transferred to the garden.

Preparing the garden before growing

Cucumbers love light and fertile soil, so you need to start preparing by choosing a place.

It is preferable to arrange the beds from north to south, then there will be no problems with lighting. Great for soil nutrition cow dung, the plant reacts very positively to it. In autumn, mullein is introduced to the site in a rotted form (5-6 kg per 1 m2).

You can also enrich the soil immediately before planting by watering it with manure tincture (1 part of organic matter to 5 parts of water).

A good alternative to mullein is chicken manure. It is used to prepare tinctures even less (1 part of litter per 20 parts of water). Complex mineral fertilizers are also suitable.

Most effective method growing cucumbers in the open field is arrangement of warm beds with a height of at least 25 cm. An organic pillow will create a favorable temperature for the germination of seedlings and the development of young shoots. You can harvest the crop 7-10 days earlier than usual.

Warm beds- the most efficient way to grow cucumbers

Landing

The landing is carried out in cloudy weather or in the evening so that the sun's rays do not dry the transplanted shoots. A few days before transplanting, seedlings should be watered abundantly and fed with fertilizers. This will help her quickly adapt to new conditions.

The holes on the site are planned at such a distance from each other that it is comfortable for the plants to develop and form lashes. Each variety has a certain stem size, and they are taken into account when drawing up the diagram. Bush cucumbers are planted 5-6 plants per 1 m2, tall crops - 3-4 shoots per 1 m2.

Introduce a seedling into the prepared moistened hole together with the land clod. Deepening the hypocotyl knee is not worth it. The surface of the soil is not strongly pressed down, so as not to damage the sensitive processes of the roots.

Necessary care for seedlings after planting

You need to water the bed regularly in the evening hours (and preferably at about the same time).

The water temperature must not fall below 18 degrees. You need to direct the jet to the soil between the rows, you should not spray the leaves. Before flowering, irrigation is carried out in moderation (1-2 times a week). The norms of the liquid used increase during the fruiting period (from 1 liter to 3 liters).

Recommended several times per season hilling. This procedure will allow the root system to better form, grow additional roots, which will make the plant more resistant to fungal diseases.

Loosening and weeding usually combined. At least 3-4 procedures will be required per season. Loosening enriches the soil with oxygen, prevents moisture stagnation. Weeding eliminates the thickening of the planting, weeds attract insects, create a shadow, due to which spores and harmful microorganisms that infect cucumbers are activated.

Correct formation cucumber lashes - one of the important conditions for care

Caring for cucumber beds includes whip formation. This procedure is aimed at the development of lateral shoots, which form a large number of female flowers. To do this, pinch the central stem over 5-6 leaves.

Bushes need to be shaped mid-season and late varieties Zelentsov. Plants with an early ripening period can not be pinched.

What mineral and organic supplements can be used

A fertilized bed with nutrients at the preparatory stage does not provide the developing shoot with all the necessary microelements.

After the emergence of shoots, root(1 time in 3 weeks) and foliar(weekly) top dressing. Organic matter and mineral fertilizers are used as food.

For foliar treatments used solution based on manure or bird droppings. Root top dressing involves the use of the following means:

• "Agricola 5 for cucumbers" - 1 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water (3-4 liters per 1 m2);
• "Energen" - 2 capsules per bucket of water (3 liters per 1 m2);
• "Effekton-O" - 2 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water (4 liters per 1 m2);
• "Agricola Vegeta" - 2 tbsp. l. + nitrophoska 1 tbsp. l. per bucket of water (5 liters per 1 m2).

Agricola - for root

Mistakes

Some gardeners make mistakes when growing greens, which leads to a decrease in yield.

Among the main ones:

• usage poor quality seeds(there is a poor germination of seed, the absence of ovaries);
• good dressing of the soil before planting with fertilizers, which does not provide for further feeding (this is a delusion, because root system cucumbers better perceive nutrition from solutions of low concentration, and an excess of trace elements negatively affects vegetation);
• growing seedlings large sizes(you need to focus not on the size, but on the terms, they should not exceed 35 days);
• soil saturation nitrogen fertilizers (this leads to the rapid growth of tops and reduces the formation of ovaries);
• use for irrigation cold water(the plant develops slowly, practically does not bloom);
• lack of methods for forming a whip (pinching and removing side shoots are aimed at increasing the ovaries and providing enough nutrition for the whole plant).

Diseases, pests and good ways to deal with

Even with proper care, cucumber beds are not protected from the invasion of pests and diseases. Of course, the risk of damage to healthy well-groomed plants is small, but the danger exists. Therefore, it is important instant reaction by gardeners at the first sign of a problem.

The following diseases are considered dangerous for the crop.

• affects primarily the foliage, spreading further along the stems and petioles. Recognized by characteristic white spots. Methods of treatment: removal from the garden and disposal of affected bushes, processing cucumbers with ground sulfur powder (3 g per 1 m2), spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur (25 g of 0.3% sulfur per bucket of water).
• (false powdery mildew) manifests itself in the form of yellow-green spots with a light coating on the upper part of the bush. The disease spreads rapidly, capable of destroying an entire garden bed in a short period of time. Methods of treatment: spraying with a milk solution (1 liter of milk and 10 drops of iodine per bucket of water), treating the culture with Bordeaux mixture.
• affects all parts of the plant, forming mucus and a light coating. It is formed as a result of waterlogging, thickening of planting and temperature changes. Transmitted through soil and seeds. Control methods: regulation of the irrigation regime, disinfection of the beds with a solution of water (10 l), blue vitriol(2 gr.) And urea (10 gr.). Affected bushes must be disposed of and replaced.
• root rot It is recognized by the weak development of the plant and its wilting, which occurs as a result of root decay. The reasons may lie in high humidity, temperature changes, infection of the soil or seeds. Control methods: regulation of watering, pruning of the affected areas of the plant, dusting the soil with crushed lime (up to 200 g per 1 m2).

Harmful insects are no less dangerous for cucumbers:

• melon aphid(upon detection, spray with a solution of ash at the rate of 200 g per 10 l of water + 50 g of grated laundry soap, apply the drug "Inta-Vir");
• spider mite (periodic spraying with infusions of onion peel or garlic will help);
• ants(powder the soil with lime, move the nests outside the garden);
• slugs(arrangement of traps for collecting pests, treatment with Metaldehyde);
• whitefly(treatment with the drug "Inta-Vir").

Agricultural technology of cucumbers, although it has some features, is quite feasible for any owner. If there is a desire to experiment, then the test should be done on several bushes, and not on the entire garden. Then the future harvest will definitely be safe.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands do not know boredom!

To obtain a rich harvest, competent care for cucumbers in the ground is necessary. In addition to observing the rules of planting, watering, one should take into account the needs of the plant for certain minerals, microelements, which can only be obtained from fertilizers. There are several options for feeding seedlings, improving soil quality.

Why do I need top dressing of cucumbers in the open field

In good, fertile soil, the plant will bear fruit without additional help, but when the soil is of poor quality without various mineral elements, you will get a poor harvest. Fruiting also decreases when planting the same crop several times in a row in the same soil. Top dressing will help solve these problems, has positive aspects, for example:

1. Seedlings that are fed show faster growth compared to other plants.
2. You will be able to harvest fruits longer (often fruiting is extended for a long time).
3. With proper tillage, you can increase productivity, positively affect the taste of cucumbers.
4. With the optimal selection of top dressing, plants in the soil receive additional protection against diseases. This is important condition when planting cucumbers in the soil, because they are poorly protected from natural factors, pests.

How to fertilize cucumbers

It is important to consider that plants may have a lack of organic elements or their excess. Both conditions have a bad effect on this crop, so you should choose the right fertilizer for cucumbers and whether they need it. The main rule on how to feed cucumbers is to do this often, but little by little. You can carry out the procedure under the root or foliar method. There are several stages of feeding plants in the ground after planting:

1. It is carried out immediately after the appearance of 2 leaves on the tops. During this period, there is a lack of nitrogen, which is important for increasing green mass. It is necessary to use urea with water, watered under the root. If desired, you can replace the product with chicken manure or mullein.
2. The next top dressing of cucumbers in the ground is carried out after 15 days. The plant still needs nitrogen.
3. The third top dressing is carried out during the flowering of cucumbers. Plants have the greatest need for potassium. Any potash fertilizer or wood ash is suitable for this.
4. For 4, 5, 6 top dressing, fruiting occurs, during which there is a plant need for nitrogen and potassium.

Root top dressing of cucumbers

This method involves the introduction of nutrient solutions or substances as close as possible to the root system of cucumbers. It is not necessary to dig holes or "lay" mixtures directly to the roots of the plant. As a rule, prepared substances are poured under the leaves of seedlings. Top dressing should be poured onto the soil, without falling on the tops, leaves. In some cases, due to the concentration of substances, the liquid can leave a burn or even kill the plant. As a rule, the cost of such additives is low; you can independently make a solution from inexpensive components.

Foliar feeding of cucumbers during fruiting

This method of feeding, on the contrary, is carried out exclusively on lashes, leaves (extremely rarely on fruits if too many pests have appeared or a disease has begun). Foliar treatment can also be called spraying, in which the solution does not have such a high concentration compared to root feeding. As a rule, fertilize with this method in the morning, in the evening in cloudy weather without precipitation. The sun's rays when spraying can damage the green mass of cucumbers.

How to feed cucumbers in the open field

When fertilizing, it is important to find out which minerals and microelements the seedlings lack at this stage. It depends on how to water cucumbers for a good harvest, what organic matter or complex substances are needed. At certain stages, bird droppings, animal manure should be used, at others - phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium or nitrogen substances.

What fertilizer to apply when planting cucumbers

The first portion of fertilizers is applied to the soil even before the seeds are planted. After that, young plants need a whole range of elements that should be fed to them in order to get a rich harvest. An important component is potash fertilizers, which ensure rapid growth, plant formation, and improvement in the taste of the fruit. As a rule, these types of these trace elements are used:

• potassium nitrate;
• urea;
• granulated superphosphate;
• potassium sulfate;
• double superphosphate;
• potassium chloride.

With a large amount of phosphorus in the soil, one should not forget about nitrogen fertilizers, otherwise there will be few ovaries and more male flowers, adding them after the fact will not change the situation. Phosphorus, on the other hand, is needed by cucumbers for the proper functioning of the root system, timely flowering, and the growth of a mass of greenery. Its excess leads to yellowing of the plant, falling off, rapid death.

Application of mineral fertilizers for a good harvest

This method of feeding cucumbers after planting is the most common step to achieve better yields. Mineral fertilizer for cucumbers in the open field can be mixed with organic matter or used independently. To strengthen the root system, phosphorus is needed, and for the proper growth of the plant - nitrogen, when flowers appear - potassium. Chlorine is extremely detrimental to cucumbers, so mineral salts with this element should be excluded. How to feed seedlings in the soil with mineral fertilizers:

• alternate organic, mineral substances;
• nourish the garden clean water before feeding the plant;
• inject fertilizer into the grooves, which should be made at a distance of 5 cm from the seedlings;
• you can pour the substance only on the ground, avoid getting on the leaves, tops.

Top dressing for cucumbers in the open field with organic fertilizers

Those who grow cucumbers in the ground know that the lowest price for organic top dressing will be when buying bird droppings, mullein. They are bred in a bucket of liquid in a ratio of 1:15. About 500 g of ash can also be added here. There are also folk ways preparation of organic fertilizers, for example:

• collect all the weeds from the garden;
• add nettle, plantain, dandelion leaves to it, finely chop;
• 1 kg of the mixture is diluted with 10 liters of water;
• the remedy should be infused for a day, strain it;
• it is worth feeding at the rate of 4 liters per 1 square meter earth.

How to fertilize cucumbers with yeast

An additional option for feeding cucumbers after planting in the ground is yeast. Gardeners often use this top dressing, it has the following advantages:

• improves root formation;
• stimulates growth;
• plant endurance increases;
• becomes a source of bacteria that increase the immunity of seedlings.

Cooking:

1. Dissolve 10 g dry bread yeast in 10 liters of water.
2. Put 2 tbsp. l. sugar into solution.
3. Let the sourdough brew for 2 hours, stir it in 50 liters of liquid.

How to use:

1. You can use this option as an answer to the question of how to feed cucumbers, but no more than 2 times.
2. The first application should be carried out on the 12-14th day of disembarkation.
3. The second - after phosphorus feeding.

How to feed cucumbers in the open field with ashes

This substance is wonderful organic fertilizer. Every gardener should know how to feed cucumbers in the open field with ash. It contains calcium, which is very important for the plant. Terms of use:

1. For the entire period of growth, ash is added no more than 6 times.
2. You need to feed the first time at the time of the appearance of 3 leaves, the 2nd time when the plant begins to bloom.
3. As the fruits grow, once every 14 days, you can feed the cucumbers in the ground with a small amount of the solution.
4. Dry ash or ash infusion can be used to fertilize the soil. The first option is poured onto the ground next to the plants before the irrigation procedure.

Complex fertilizer for cucumbers

When you are not exactly sure how to feed the cucumbers after planting in the ground, you cannot find out exactly which element the plant lacks, complex fertilizers should be used. A popular example of such a fertilizer is nitroammophoska, which includes potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. After planting, the fertilizer granules are dissolved in the liquid and used as foliar top dressing. It can be easily ordered or bought in an online store, the price is 10,000 rubles per ton.

Trace elements for cucumbers

For the healthy growth of cucumbers in the soil after planting, a rich harvest, and the development of immunity to pathogens, it is necessary to feed the plant with microelements. There are several basic substances that seedlings must have enough:

1. Nitrogen. An important trace element during plant growth, provides green mass, protects against yellowing.
2. Phosphorus. Cucumbers need a little of it, but it must be supplied regularly. Phosphorus provides the plant with the correct and healthy development of the root system, the rapid growth of green mass.
3. potassium fertilizers. Different variants supplements containing potassium. Fertilizer will provide transportation nutrients to seedlings from the root system. Fruiting, vegetative growth contributes to the optimal amount of potassium.

How to choose fertilizers

When the gardener is faced with the question of how to feed the cucumbers after planting in the ground, the characteristics of the growth of cucumbers in the ground should be taken into account. Many novice vegetable growers believe in the unpretentiousness of seedlings, but a really good harvest can only be obtained if the seedlings are properly fed. You can make a choice based on the following recommendations:

1. For any home seedlings, which is being prepared for planting in open ground, mullein is well suited: it contains various nutrients that are useful for cucumbers. One plant accounts for 1 liter of solution. Prepared in a ratio of 1:10 with liquid (1 part fertilizer and 10 parts water).
2. You can find bird droppings in any store. Its price is low, so it is often used to feed cucumbers. 1 liter of manure is needed for 10 liters of water. After that, pour 2 cups of ash: you can periodically feed the seedlings with the resulting mixture.
3. Complex fertilizers have a higher price, are sold in stores and have cooking instructions on the package.

The price of fertilizers for feeding cucumbers after planting in the ground

You can find substances for feeding in online stores, specialized points where they sell seedlings, goods for gardeners, summer residents and vegetable growers. As a rule, large landowners buy them from companies that produce fertilizers. For ordinary summer resident this option is not suitable, because the price is set for bulk purchases from several tons. In packages, the cost of top dressing can range from 100 to 3000 rubles per kilogram / liter.

Video: how to fertilize cucumbers in the open field

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Cucumber is delicious healthy vegetable, widely used in salads and preserves. It is classified as a rather capricious crop, so getting a rich harvest requires following several rules for choosing a place for planting and feeding them at various stages of cultivation. Fertilizing the soil before planting cucumbers is the key to their rapid growth and active fruiting, so it is worth paying Special attention preliminary preparation of the soil in the garden allotted for them.

Fertilizing cucumbers before planting allows you to get excellent yields in the future

Autumn preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

There are different opinions regarding the method of feeding the land before planting seeds, and each summer resident independently chooses which technologies to use to fertilize the land before planting vegetables. Most gardeners are of the opinion that it is best to fertilize the soil in the area intended for growing cucumbers in the fall, because for complete dissolution mineral mixture used to saturate the soil with nutrients, it will take several months and a large amount of moisture.

Top dressing for cucumber seedlings grown by the open method is prepared taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot, based on the calculation that for each square meter of future beds, 3-4 buckets of rotted manure, 3-4 cups are required wood ash and 80-100 g of nitrophoska. In autumn, the mixture is evenly applied to the area, which in the spring must be dug up and covered with a 15-centimeter layer of black soil.

Quail manure is applied to the garden in autumn

Spring preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

If it was not possible to fertilize the soil in the fall, in the spring, at least a week before planting the seeds, at the site of the future cucumber bed, it is necessary to dig a groove about 40 cm deep, fill it with overripe manure, and cover it with a 16-cm layer of fertile soil from above, after which the soil must be leveled, form sides and cover with a thick film.

Only old manure can be introduced into the soil, since fresh mullein contains highly concentrated urea and nitrogen, which can burn young cucumber sprouts. When fertilizing the soil, it is important to follow the proportions recommended by farmers, since an excessive amount of litter on the site can provoke the formation of voids in cucumber fruits and reduce yields.

Mature hay, fallen leaves or sawdust are an excellent top dressing, which, when planting cucumbers, can replace manure and fully fertilize the land. Any of these substances is brought into the prepared groove, compacted and covered fertile soil, on which it is already possible to form beds.

In cases where it is not possible to fertilize the soil in advance before sowing cucumbers, 3-4 days before planting the seeds, the earth must be sprinkled with ash mixed with superphosphate in the proportion: 2 tablespoons of fertilizer per 1 cup of ash, after which one bucket of humus is applied to the soil and rotten sawdust. Then the treated area is dug up and watered with 3-4 liters of humate solution prepared from 1 tbsp. tablespoons of the concentrate of this fertilizer and 10 liters. water. This amount of top dressing is enough to process 1 square. garden meters. After all the manipulations, the soil is covered with a film to warm the earth.

In addition to the feed made by the gardeners themselves, ready-made complex fertilizers based on phosphorus and nitrogen, such as ammophos or diammophos, are also used. Due to the high mobility in the soil and easy solubility, phosphorus-nitrogen growth stimulants can be applied immediately before planting cucumbers.

Diammophos is suitable for fertilizing cucumbers before planting

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse

Most often, cucumber seedlings are planted in greenhouses, which have 4-5 true leaves. Usually such a number of leaves appear in the third week after the seeds hatch. Growing seedlings includes:

• seed heating;
• moisturizing and fertilizing cucumber seeds;
• cooling;
• placing seeds in pots.

Seeds intended for growing seedlings are kept for a month in a warm room at a temperature not lower than + 25 ° C, which will allow in the future to get a friendly shoot, earlier fruiting and a minimum amount of barren flowers. Before sprouting, heated cucumber seeds must be placed for an hour in a disinfectant solution made from 100 g of cool water and 30 g of garlic pulp.

After the destruction of pathogenic microbes, the seeds are folded for 12 hours in a tissue flap soaked in a nutrient solution, for the preparation of which you will need 1 tablespoon of water, 1 teaspoon of fine wood ash and the same amount of nitrophoska.

Then the grains are placed on a damp cloth, where they are kept for 2 days at a temperature of about + 20 ° C. When the seeds are swollen and slightly hatched, they are transferred to the refrigerator for 24 hours. These manipulations allow you to harden future shoots. Note that the seeds of hybrid varieties of cucumbers do not need pre-sowing preparation.

For cultivation cucumber seedlings use small containers 10-12 cm high, filled with a nutrient soil mixture. This substance is obtained from 1 part of decayed sawdust, 2 parts of humus and 2 parts of peat. 10 l blanks for soil mixture fertilize with 1.5 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 2 tablespoons of wood ash. 1 germinated seed is placed in 1 pea. Seedlings are watered at least once a week. The presence of intense lighting is a prerequisite for the normal growth of cucumber seedlings.

Before planting seedlings of cucumbers, the ground must be disinfected with potassium permanganate and sprinkled with phosphate fertilizer

You can plant seedlings in greenhouse soil 27-30 days after sowing. Immediately before planting, the sprout must be fertilized with a solution obtained by mixing 3 liters of water and 3 teaspoons of nitroammophoska or nitrophoska.

Cucumber shoots are planted in warm soil, previously watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with a teaspoon of any phosphate fertilizer. When planting between seedlings, it is necessary to maintain an interval of 30-35 cm. This distance is sufficient for the full growth of the cucumber root system.

Features of recharge of various types of soil

You can fertilize depleted or clay soil with a mixture made from 5-6 kg of mullein, 30 g of superphosphate, 18 g of potassium magnesia and 50 g of nitroammophoska, which can be replaced with 18 g ammonium nitrate. All components of the fertilizer are thoroughly mixed and evenly applied to a planting area of ​​1 sq. m. Also, before planting cucumbers, 5 g of granulated superphosphate is poured into each meter of the bed.

For full development on sandy loamy soil, cucumber sprouts require additional fertilizers in the form of magnesium, therefore, when planting seedlings and seeds on such soils, the earth is enriched with appropriate organo-mineral mixtures.

Potassium magnesia - fertilizer for clay and depleted soils

Important to remember

For planting cucumbers, it is better to choose slightly darkened personal plots. The soil allotted for planting this crop should be thoroughly fertilized and warmed up with a film. Seeds must be pre-soaked and subjected to disinfection treatment in order to avoid the development of various diseases.

Remember, cucumbers "love" phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as abundant watering.

Record What fertilizer should be applied when planting cucumbers? first appeared SeloMoe.

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Cucumbers are vegetables traditionally loved by Russians. They are certainly planted on the site by every self-respecting gardener. However, a rather whimsical culture requires careful care - just throwing seeds into the ground, periodically watering the plantings and harvesting a bountiful harvest will not work. Top dressing is a procedure that occupies an important place in the process of growing cucumbers.

Fertilizers are the key to a bountiful harvest

It is almost impossible to grow cucumbers without proper and timely top dressing.

Any soil in a garden with cucumbers, with the exception of black soil, needs additional fertilization to produce a crop. If the bushes are properly fertilized, the bushes will form much faster, the harvest can be harvested earlier, the fruiting period will be significantly “stretched”, resistance to diseases and pests will increase. You can even improve the taste and increase the number of fruits taken from one bush.

The root system of cucumbers is fibrous, superficial, goes into the ground by a maximum of 20 cm. Roots can only “pull out” anything useful from upper layers soils, quickly impoverishing them. Top dressing in the form of watering helps to compensate for the resulting deficit. Spraying with an emphasis on the underside of the leaf plate, which is responsible for suction, is also useful.

It is not necessary immediately after transplanting seedlings into the ground to rush to feed cucumber bushes. Give them 12-15 days to adapt, otherwise the root system will not be able to cope with several stresses at the same time.

Top dressing of cucumbers is carried out as folk remedies, and mineral fertilizers - both methods have their adherents, but most often gardeners combine organic and mineral fertilizers

Young seedlings are not able to absorb everything that enters the soil, most of the fertilizer will simply disappear. Wait until a few true leaves appear on the bushes. 15–20 minutes before the procedure, cucumbers must be watered with heated water, which has been settled for at least a day.

All cucumbers, regardless of variety, are in dire need of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. But there are other important trace elements as well. With due care, by the appearance of the bush and fruits, it is easy to determine what the plantings lack, and what fertilizers are applied too much.

Table: how to determine what cucumbers lack, what is excess

Element	Description
Nitrogen	Stimulates intensive formation of green mass. Nitrogen deficiency leads to the fact that the leaves change color to pale salad, then turn yellow, dry and fall off. With its excess, cucumbers bloom late, the stem and leaves thicken, darken, the leaf plate increases in size. It is not recommended to eat fruits ripened on such bushes - the concentration of nitrates harmful to health in them is increased several times. A significant difference between cucumbers and other crops is that weak nitrogen-containing top dressing can be carried out before the end of the growing season.
Phosphorus	It ensures the normal development of the root system, stimulates the process of fruit set, accelerates their ripening. The lack of phosphorus is recognized by the darkened leaves, cast inky purple. Before falling off, they completely blacken. When an excessive amount of phosphate fertilizers is applied, translucent beige spots appear on the leaves, then they dry and fall.
Potassium	It plays an important role in the transport of nutrients from the roots to the aerial parts of plants. When there is not enough potassium, a pale green border appears along the edge of the leaf plate. Then this place completely dries up and turns brown. If you overdo it, the growth and development of cucumbers will slow down dramatically.
Calcium	Cucumbers do not reach the sizes characteristic of the variety, whole lashes wither and dry. The tip of the sheet bends down, the middle becomes convex - the resulting design looks like a dome.
Magnesium	On top of the old leaves, light green spots appear between the veins. With an excess, the leaves darken, curl along the central vein, the bush practically stops growing.
Iron	With a deficiency, young shoots turn yellow, starting from the top.
Bor	The bush grows significantly less than is generally typical for this variety, the gaps between the leaves on the stem are reduced. Young leaves darken, the edges of the leaf plate fall down. The roots take on an unnatural rusty or brick hue.

The need and frequency of feeding cucumbers is significantly affected by the fact of well-prepared soil in autumn or winter, the quality and characteristics of the soil.

When fertilizing cucumbers with superphosphate, remember that you need to take a simple one twice as much as a double one.

If the leaves turn yellow

Yellowed leaves on cucumber bushes are a problem that every gardener has faced. Before taking any action, you need to establish the cause. Otherwise, the measures you take may not only not bring the desired effect, but also significantly harm the plant.

The list of the most common reasons is quite wide:

• Wrong place. Cucumbers need sunlight and warmth, but the brightest midday rays should not fall on the plants.
• Weather. Sudden frosts, cold cloudy summer. The first especially affects cucumbers growing in open ground. Cover the landings with lutrasil, spunbond, similar breathable material.
• Too much watering. Observe an interval of 2-4 days, depending on weather conditions. In hot weather, spray the leaves daily. Use only warm settled water.
• Lack of moisture. The plant "saves" it by reducing the supply of leaves. To increase the humidity in the greenhouse, the walls are sprayed from the inside with a weak solution of chalk.
• Obstacles to pollination. In a permanently closed greenhouse, insect access is difficult. When buying, carefully study the description of the varieties - at least one must be self-pollinating. Honey plants planted nearby (dill, borage, hyssop), spraying the leaves with water with sugar or honey, a solution boric acid, preparations Ovary, Bud.
• Excess ovaries on the plant. Almost all the nutrients go to future fruits, leaves according to the residual principle. For harmonious development, no more than 20–25 future cucumbers are left on each bush at a time. Many modern hybrids are able to form 4-5 times more. So side shoots you need to pinch in a timely manner.
• Chlorophyll deficiency. This indicates pathologies in the development of the plant or a lack of the necessary minerals. Water the plantings with a solution of a complex liquid mineral fertilizer for cucumbers containing nitrogen, iron and magnesium.
• Excessive thickening of the bush. The lower leaves simply lack light. In principle, yellowness in this case is a normal phenomenon.
• Diseases and pests. In each case, yellowness manifests itself in different ways. Carefully inspect the plant for the presence of pests (the most common are aphids, germ flies, whiteflies, spider mites) or other signs associated with fungal, viral diseases. Then apply suitable insecticides or folk remedies.
• Root rot. The roots affected by the fungus are not able to adequately nourish the plant, the bush dies. The yellowness of the leaves is only one of the accompanying signs. For prevention, proper timely watering is important.
• Plant aging. Every culture has its own growing season, cucumbers are no exception. Nothing can be done about it, you can’t argue against nature.

Video: why cucumber leaves turn yellow

In some cases, the yellowness of the leaves appears even on seedlings. In this case, the reason is most likely low-quality seeds, unsuitable soil for cucumbers, nutrient deficiencies, low temperatures and the presence of sharp drafts in the room.

The yellowness of cucumber leaves may be the result of the most different reasons- first find out what exactly your landings suffer from

Experienced gardeners, in order to cope with the problem and not harm the plants even more, are advised to use folk remedies.

The most common recipes are:

• 2-3 handfuls of onion peel pour 10 liters of water, bring to a boil. After 5-10 minutes, remove from heat, cover tightly with a lid and leave for several hours (preferably for a day). Then the infusion is filtered, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 4 and the plants are watered. " By-effect"- a product containing a complex of essential trace elements helps to get rid of many pests.
• A 0.5-liter jar of wood ash is poured with 5 liters of herbal infusion. Cut nettle greens, fill the container with it by about a third, then add water to the brim. Future fertilizer is kept in a warm place under a tightly closed lid for 3-4 days. Then they filter and fill them with ashes. Top dressing is well mixed, diluted three times with plenty of water.
• A liter of milk (preferably homemade and in any case unpasteurized) is mixed with 20 ml of iodine and a small amount of small shavings of household or green potassium soap. The resulting solution is sprayed on the underside of the leaves.
• A roll of black bread with cut crusts is poured into 5–7 liters of warm water and left for 8–10 hours. The crumb is ground, put back into the container, add 10 ml of iodine. The liquid is mixed, twice as much water is added, the bushes are sprayed.
• Water and kefir of maximum fat content or whey are mixed in a ratio of 5: 1, the leaves are sprayed.

Fertilizers specially designed for cucumbers are widely used to stimulate fruit set and reduce the number of empty flowers.

What can be fed during fruiting?

During the fruiting of any crops, only natural products are used whenever possible, reducing the amount of chemicals introduced to a minimum. At this stage, 2-3 dressings are enough.

Choose one of the following schemes:

• Watering with infusion of cow manure at the beginning of fruiting, distribution of dry rotted manure or humus over the bed after 7–10 days (1 liter per 2 m²), followed by abundant watering and the use of carbamide and superphosphate granules (10–15 g / m² each).
• Watering the beds with a solution of chicken manure (200 ml per 10 liters of water) with the addition of 10–15 g of a complex nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus fertilizer, in which nitrogen is the least percentage. After 10–15 days, fresh manure (0.5 l) and potassium sulfate (8–10 g) are used, dissolving fertilizers in 10 l of water. After waiting the same amount, they prepare a third dressing, similar to the first. You can also use infusion fresh manure. In all cases, the norm per m² is 5 liters.
• Three times the use of a solution of urea (5 g per 10 liters of water). It is impossible to exceed the concentration so as not to harm the health of those who will eat these cucumbers. Immediately after fertilizing, the beds are watered abundantly.
• Infusion of nettle greens, dandelion leaves, plantain or any herb at the beginning of fruiting and potassium nitrate (20-25 g per 10 liters of water) after 2-3 weeks to prolong it.

There are some tricks to prolong fruiting. Cucumbers are watered:

• Infusion of sifted wood ash (a glass of 5 liters of water, insist for a day).
• Infusion of rotted last year's hay (raw materials are crushed, poured three times as much warm water, left for two days).
• Solution baking soda(25–30 g per 10 liters of water).

Yeast fertilizer

The common expression “it grows by leaps and bounds” is not a metaphor or hyperbole, but advice to summer residents, which has every reason. Cucumbers really sharply add in growth. For top dressing, both pressed fresh yeast and dry powdered ones are suitable. A significant advantage of the product is its absolute naturalness. The benefits of the product for plants are determined by its unique composition. Yeast is a unique combination of amino acids, sugars, vitamins and phytohormones, as well as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The benefit of the product is to stimulate cell division and differentiation of their functions.

Yeast is a completely natural product sold in any store, successfully used by gardeners as universal fertilizer

Feeding with yeast makes cucumbers more resistant to the vagaries of the weather, diseases and pests due to the “shock” dose of vitamins, stimulates the development of the root system, reduces the growth time of cucumber bushes, accelerates the process of ovary and fruit ripening.

As in all other cases, it is important to know the measure, observing a certain frequency of feeding. If you fertilize more than once every 10 days, you can harm the plantings. The optimal interval is 14–16 days. During the summer, at least 4–5 top dressings are carried out, starting when the earth warms up enough and the likelihood of return frosts is minimized. Depending on the region, this is the beginning or the second half of May.

Excess yeast greatly impoverishes the soil and causes a supersaturation of plants with nitrogen. As a result, you have powerful spreading bushes with an almost complete absence of cucumbers.

Yeast is not a universal replacement for other fertilizers. It's more of an addition to them. So don't rely on them alone.

Fertilizer is prepared as follows:

• Five packs of pressed yeast are cut into small pieces, pour 5 liters of heated water up to 30-35ºС water. The liquid is stirred until the yeast dissolves, left in a warm place for 3-4 hours. After this time, the fertilizer is intensively mixed again, its volume is adjusted to 50 liters. The norm per plant is 0.5 liters.
• A bag of dry yeast (8–10 g) is mixed with 50 g of sugar, dissolved in a liter of warm water. Fertilizer is infused for 1.5–2 hours, diluted with water before use, increasing the volume to 20–25 liters.

As an addition to yeast experienced gardeners recommend to use freshly cut grass, nettle greens, potato tops. Yeast is poured not with plain water, but with a pre-prepared infusion of the indicated ingredients.

In the absence of yeast on hand and the need to urgently feed the cucumbers, you can replace the raw materials with ordinary bread of any kind, soaked in water and squeezed. The liquid is used as fertilizer.

As you know, when baking most types of bread, yeast is used - if there is no bag or briquette at hand, the soaked crumb will be a worthy alternative

In general, you can start garden plot a sufficiently capacious container, fill it halfway with water and throw in stale or moldy bread. Be sure to provide for the presence of a cover - the smell of such a fertilizer is specific. Before using it for its intended purpose, the product is intensively mixed, filtered and half diluted with water.

A bountiful cucumber harvest requires time and effort from the gardener, but it's worth the effort.

Growing cucumbers is a task that even beginner gardeners can handle. Proper application of dressings, strict adherence to the recommended dosage of natural organic matter and mineral fertilizers will help you get the best possible yield. Better to underfeed than overfertilize. Cucumbers are quite demanding in their care, but nothing can compare with the taste of home-grown vegetables - this is a worthy reward for the gardener for his work.