Marble with your own hands at home. Three methods for making artificial marble with your own hands

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Concrete marble is an easy-to-make material that is convenient to use for the most different purposes. Not everyone understands why it is necessary to produce a material that imitates natural stone amazing beauty, so we should first explain why it is so valuable.

What is marble and where is it used

Marble is a unique material that has been used in the decoration of buildings and interiors for many centuries. But not everyone can afford such a finish, since marble is not only a rare material, but also quite expensive financially.

Deposits of high-quality marble are located in hard-to-reach places, and its extraction is carried out with the help of special equipment, which must be lifted into the mountains and installed. Both extraction and delivery and processing of material increase its cost by an order of magnitude.

Thanks to the use of new technologies that are constantly being developed in the construction industry, the range of materials for construction has been significantly expanded. Now it is possible to make marble from concrete with your own hands and do it in ordinary home conditions, without the use of equipment that is not cheap.

To make marble from concrete, you will need the following materials:

• cement grade M400 or higher;
• water;
• plasticizer C-3;
• polyurethane mold;
• fine-grained sand;
• polyethylene film;
• pigment additive;
• fine gravel as aggregate;
• drill and mixer attachment.

Natural marble is expensive. Therefore, artificial marble made of concrete is sometimes presented as a practical and profitable option. To obtain a good imitation that is very similar to natural stone, there are many technologies that are suitable for use at home.

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Obtaining artificial marble

Natural marble is a stone with a heterogeneous color, granular structure, with veins penetrating the entire thickness. The stone can be pink, blue or white, gray or black. Other colors are also found: green, red, yellow, purple. It is possible to create a material that imitates marble from gypsum: a dense mass is obtained, devoid of pores. But this method is not suitable if the product is planned to be used indoors with high humidity. Can be considered alternative methods, which make it possible to manufacture marble with one's own hand.

The most simple technology- concrete marble is cast in molds from a mixture of sand and cement. It turns out to be very strong, impervious to moisture, and looks very much like a real one. But at the same time, it must be borne in mind that thin tiles will be fragile, and if you make them thicker, they turn out to be too heavy. It is possible to make, for example, a countertop from such an imitated stone, but the furniture must have a massive body that will allow it to withstand the considerable weight of the plate. You can also make a thin version, while taking a wooden countertop as a basis.

In order to end up with a cast slab that is indistinguishable from real stone, you will need to stock up in advance on the materials and tools necessary for work. It is necessary to have a form of polyurethane or other material, dyes and plasticizers, which will need to be mixed into the cement mixture. For a construction mixer, you will need a mixer and drill attachments, as well as a short rule, a spatula.

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Step-by-step instructions for making marble from concrete

According to what technology it is better to make marble from concrete, it is necessary to decide depending on the specific conditions of use. The basic principles are the same. Making artificial marble at home will look like this:

1. The first stage is preparatory. The form (or forms) must be thoroughly washed and dried. It can be of any size: for example, it can be specially made according to desired values for the kitchen wall. To prepare the solution, it is necessary to mix dry ingredients until smooth: sand, pebbles and cement. After receiving the composition, pour in almost all the water, add the plasticizing ingredient. Continue kneading until you achieve maximum consistency.
2. Add the rest of the water, then the dye - it must be injected in portions, different in size, always in different parts of the container. In this way, uneven mixing of the mortar and color is achieved, which makes the artificial material more similar to natural stone.
3. Filling the mold with solution. When the dye disperses in thin veins throughout the cement mass, we can assume that the composition is finally ready. Now you can move on to the most important phase of the process. The form must be placed on a smooth surface - this will help eliminate the bending of the walls and bottom. Pour the solution into it. Using a spatula, the edges of the mold are cleaned of excessive sags that can affect the appearance and smoothness of the surface of the plate, then the surface is usually leveled and covered with polyethylene.

The larger the slab is artificial stone, the more likely it can break due to voids inside. Therefore, do not neglect the use of a vibrating table, which will help to make the structure more solid. In its absence, the impossibility of using it, you should try not to remove the mixer from the mass during mixing - so less air bubbles form.

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How to Get Ready Marble or "Marble Concrete"

The mass poured into the mold will solidify for about ten days. Do not interfere with the process, as is done when performing some other work with cement. For example, regular moistening of the surface is not required: the solution will be covered plastic wrap, a material that will prevent too rapid exit of liquid from the thickness of the concrete mass. After the slab has completely hardened, it must be lifted, turned over, then the form is removed from it, like a cover.

To increase the strength of concrete, you can additionally reinforce it with wire. To do this, it is recessed into molds after the cement-sand mixture is poured into them. Freeze form content must be complete.

One should not think that in order to obtain high-quality concrete, the technology should be especially complex.

Actually everything necessary actions can be performed in a city apartment.

The output is a material with low porosity, resistant to agents household chemicals, waterproof. If necessary, the plate can be polished: for this, its surface will need to be treated alternately with alcohol, transparent varnish, then again with alcohol. Alcohol should be used only after the varnish layer has dried, but it can not be dried.

Marble for interior decoration and external walls buildings have been used since ancient times. But this material is far from being accessible to everyone. The price of natural marble starts from 20 thousand rubles per square meter. As a more economical replacement, it is artificial marble - made of concrete and other materials. Artificial stone is 4 times cheaper than natural stone if you buy it in stores. But with certain skills, you can make it yourself.

Characteristics of artificial stone

Artificial stone is called not only marble made from concrete, but also ceramic granite. The production technology of these materials is almost identical. But they are used differently.

Porcelain stoneware is considered to be harder and more resistant to mechanical damage, therefore it is more often used than marble for coatings in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic: floors in shopping malls, supermarkets, metro, transport centers. In residential premises, walls and floors of halls and kitchens, bathrooms are faced with porcelain stoneware.

Marble is less durable, but thanks to dyes it has a beautiful pattern. Its scope is countertops and bar counters, railings of fences and stairs, decorative elements, details of plumbing units, window sills and artificial columns.

Custom-made concrete marble can come in almost any shape, color, and pattern. These parameters depend solely on the imagination and solvency of the buyer.

Natural marble in many ways loses to its artificial counterpart. A countertop made of natural material will weigh 3-4 times more than a similar in shape and size - made of synthetic material.

The color palette of natural stone is limited, while artificial marble can be painted in any shade and even made to glow.

Manufacturing techniques

On an industrial scale, several technologies for the production of marble are used. The composition of the mixtures depends on the chosen method. The most popular are casting and gypsum methods and the manufacture of marble from concrete. Technologies for the production of artificial marble in both cases have much in common.

injection method

Marble by casting method is made from quartz sand or natural stone production waste - marble chips. The integrity of the mixture is given by polyester resins, and with the help of a pigment, any shade can be given to the product. Cast marble has the following characteristics:

In addition to the main components of the mixture, a number of tools, preparations and special equipment are used in the production of cast marble. These include:

• molds for pouring;
• anti-adhesive composition for mold processing;
• vibrating table;
• equipment for polishing the finished marble structure;
• gelcoat.

Forms are treated with anti-adhesive mixtures after excavation of the frozen stone.

The composition of such preparations includes paraffin or silicone dissolved in kerosene, white spirit or gasoline.

It is necessary to choose the composition, focusing on the desired appearance stone.

To receive matte surface a silicone mixture will do, while the wax release compound will give the final product a glossy finish, the surface becomes a bit greasy.

The procedure for making cast marble is as follows:

Gelcoat is a polymer resin, which is given a given shade with the help of dyes. He performs several functions: protects the surface from damage, “closes” the pores of the product and colors it. The gelcoat is applied with a brush or sprayer in several layers. After the finish coat has dried (for a gel coat, this is about 2-3 hours), the product is ready for use.

Gypsum marble

An alternative to stone made from natural chips is gypsum marble. Production according to this recipe is much cheaper. Base Blend contains the following components:

First of all, gypsum, glue and water are mixed, then resin is added, and everything is mixed with a mixer. Then added coloring ingredients:

• black color gives aniline paint;
• a shade of coffee can be obtained by using orange humilax (200 g) and 1 liter of technical alcohol per 50 kg of gypsum;
• for snow-white marble, white humilax is used.

The mixture is poured into a mold and dried for 10 hours at room temperature. After complete hardening, the artificial "gypsum" marble is taken out, treated with potassium silicate, dried and polished with felt.

Gypsum marble is the lightest type of artificial stone, but also one of the most fragile. On its basis, decorative elements are usually made, on which a significant load does not refuse.

Based on concrete

For the manufacture of a single product, it is not necessary to contact third-party manufacturers. If there are a number of quite affordable ingredients, anyone can create an artificial stone. You can make marble out of concrete with your own hands. In addition to cement, marble contains sand, plasticizer and water. This greatly reduces the cost of artificial stone compared to the casting method. Such simple components also have certain requirements.

For the production of marble from concrete, the following materials and equipment:

Production begins with careful sifting of sand. This will help get rid of excess impurities. The first to mix the basic components - cement and sand. The ratio of these components in the composition may vary depending on the scope of the final product.

• For parts that will be subject to a large amount of mechanical damage in the future - curbs, external cladding, paving slabs, - it is required to mix cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 3.
• If it is planned to make a countertop, an element of ceiling or stairs, a window sill from artificial marble, then the proportions should be 1:2.
• For decorative elements cement and sand are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.

The mixture is then diluted with water. The volume of water is calculated based on the volume of the dry mixture: the recommended proportion is 1 part of water to 2 parts of the mixture. First pour in about three quarters of the water and mix. Then a plasticizer is added to the mixture at the rate of 1–2% by weight of cement and mixed.

For the best distribution of the plasticizer, the mixture is left to stand for 10-15 minutes, and then the remaining water is poured in and mixed again.

The last ingredient is dye. For achievement desired shade one or more pigments may be added. It is generally recommended to use the pigment in the calculation of 1% of the weight of the cement (rather than the entire mixture), but the effectiveness of the dyes is not the same, so this ratio may not give the desired result. The most popular dyes and their recommended dosages are as follows:

• titanium oxide gives the mixture a white color (or white stains and streaks), the recommended dosage is from 2 to 4%;
• minium - red-orange pigment - 5%;
• chromium oxide colors the composition in green color, is added in the amount of 3-5% by weight of cement;
• the recommended amount for ocher is 5%, as a result, marble is painted in shades from light yellow to brown.

There are also special pigments for concrete. When determining their dosage, follow the manufacturer's instructions.

After adding the dye, the composition should not be thoroughly mixed, since marble is characterized by an uneven distribution of color.

The finished mixture is poured in parts into a mold treated with anti-adhesion preparations, paying special attention to the recesses. If the planned product has big sizes, part of the composition is poured into the mold, a mesh or wire is laid, and only then the rest of the liquid base is added. Usually, countertops and massive slabs, borders, and volumetric decorative elements require reinforcement. After pouring, the mold is covered with a film and left until completely hardened.

artificial marble freezes for a long time, it will take at least 7-12 days. The finished stone is removed from the mold, if necessary, polished and covered with a finishing protective layer resin (gelcoat).

Nuances of operation

With the right finishing artificial marble of any origin, products from it will serve for years. One of the ways to increase the durability of the stone is surface staining and coating with water-acrylic varnish.

This is especially true for stone used in exterior decoration, since water-acrylic varnish is not affected by sunlight.

As a result, the marble decor element will not change its color and will not be covered with unpleasant yellow spots for 10-15 years.

When installing the product, avoid overtightening the fasteners. A marble slab installed at an angle or with strong pressure on the corners may not withstand the load and burst. When facing rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the plumbing, to prevent the occurrence of leaks and the ingress of stone under digging.

Dropping heavy objects with sharp corners can damage the marble. Do not cut food directly on the countertop, use cutting boards.

The surface must be cleaned using only liquid cleaners. Compounds with abrasives destroy protective covering artificial stone, micro-scratches are applied, in which food residues, dust and other contaminants accumulate. From hard brushes and metal meshes should be abandoned in favor of soft tissues.

Foreword

For large and spacious rooms interesting solution wall decoration is an imitation natural materials such as marble.

Necessary tools and materials

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Content

Having learned how to imitate surfaces for brickwork, why not master another original technique? It's about about do-it-yourself imitation of marble - this option more elegant than "bricks", and the "marble masonry" technique is easy to master. By learning how to marble a wood panel or a sheet of plywood, you can create an interior in a strict, classical style with elements of luxury.

We imitate marble: materials and tools

For sufficiently large and spacious rooms, an interesting solution for wall decoration is the imitation of natural materials, such as marble. Do-it-yourself marbled decor is quite simple, and not only on the wall, but also on a chest of drawers, a secretary or a bar counter - it all depends on your imagination.

First of all, before you make an imitation of marble, you need to decide on the surface. The basis for the image will be wood panel or a sheet of plywood with a thickness of at least 1.5-2.5 cm. As you need thin “squirrel” brushes, a wide paint brush and a round bristle brush, and they should be designed for woodworking. Other types of brushes will also come in handy, as well as a natural sponge and a palette knife. For painting, it is required to prepare the following materials: alkyd matte and glossy white, as well as yellow, green and orange paint, ocher and cinnabar. Used almost exclusively for marbled painting, a double brush will have to be made independently by cutting off the handles of two brushes and attaching them to the end of the third handle. The result is a "fork".

Another important point in do-it-yourself marbled painting is “glaze”. It can also be prepared by mixing linseed oil with turpentine or white spirit in a ratio of 1:3 and adding a desiccant in an amount of 2-3% of the total volume. Desiccant is a solution of heavy metal salts of carboxylic acids in organic solvent and accelerate the drying process of paint and enamel, so they must be added immediately before use, otherwise it will dry out very quickly.

In the course of work, the “icing” must be constantly stirred so that it does not lose its qualities. However, it should be remembered that by "abusing" the desiccant and adding it more than required, you can hopelessly spoil the prepared "marble" composition.

As you can see in the photo, do-it-yourself marbled painting is always done in protective clothing and gloves:

The room in which the work is carried out must be good. It is necessary to store the desiccant or the composition in which it is included in a strong container with a well-closing lid in a place where it is impossible to use open fire and where direct sunlight is excluded. You also need to make sure that the composition is inaccessible to children.

White spirit is a petroleum product that speeds up the drying of the “glaze”, so in any case the “marble” layer is applied only after applying the primer.

Below you will get a marble imitation master class, and you can also watch related videos:

How to paint marbled: priming and contouring

So, we imitate marble: the work is carried out in six mandatory stages. First the foundations, then prepare the outline. Then rubble masonry and contours are drawn. Next, stuffing is carried out and the pattern and varnishing are fixed.

If you perform all operations consistently and correctly, you get an absolute imitation of marble. But it should be remembered that each subsequent layer is applied 5-10 minutes after the previous one has dried.

Now, two coats of white alkyd paint must be applied to the wood or plywood panel, with the first coat drying for 12 hours and the second for 24 hours. The paint is applied evenly so that the surface is perfectly smooth. This will be the primer.

After the primer has dried, the surface must be covered with a “glaze” using a round bristle brush and distributed with a wide paint brush. The surface should still remain perfectly smooth. Next, a rough sketch is made, which makes it possible to create a surface similar to marble. Gray paint, which consists of black, emerald green and white, is stirred so that it acquires a liquid consistency. It should be applied to the surface in an uneven layer, constantly changing the pressure of the brush. The result is "clouds", the color of which varies in saturation from the lightest to the darkest tone with the most smooth transitions.

Now you need to draw the contours (create a "rubble masonry"). With gray paint, using a pre-prepared double brush, draw the outlines of 10-20 "cobblestones". For the harmony of the "marble" pattern, the contours of the "masonry" must be circled. The maximum naturalness of the contours can be achieved if you draw with different pressure.

When the paint dries, the contours must be shaded with a natural sponge, wetting it in translucent titanium or zinc white. This process is called pinning. After that, the surface is covered with a glossy varnish, which makes the panel look like a cameo base.

If the result does not satisfy the master and it is necessary to achieve an even more complete imitation of marble, work should be continued.

To do this, orange and white paint are mixed, cinnabar is added - a pink color is obtained. The contours of the buta are drawn with an artistic brush. Lines of pink and gray colors should neither intersect nor be completely parallel.

If desired, to achieve a more natural imitation on some part of the treated surface, the amount color pink can be increased. Now you need to wait about 10 minutes for the paint to dry.

Pay attention to the photo of marble imitation - the surfaces look like they are made of natural stone:

DIY marbled painting and stuffing video

The next stage is called stuffing, after which the panel takes on a natural look. Stuffing is done with gloves, as you will have to work with the "icing". A natural sponge is soaked with “glaze” and all the gray areas are filled with light, barely perceptible movements. In this case, you need to work in the same way as with a stencil, that is, moving with frequent strokes from already processed areas to unprocessed ones.

Then the sponge is completely cleaned or a new one is taken, after which it is impregnated with an oil-based "glaze" - thus, pink areas are stuffed. The best result is when all individual lines and contours seem to dissolve and be viewed in poor visibility conditions. Sometimes the colors can mix, in some places there is more pink, and in some places there is more gray.

In the next step, you need to circle some areas again with the appropriate color using a double brush. After 10 minutes, thin streaks of cinnabar, as well as orange or yellow paint with ocher, are drawn on the surface. Small “splits” of pink color are applied through light areas with a thin brush - there should not be too many of them, after which you need to wait again for 10-15 minutes.

With a natural sponge with a transparent “glaze”, several light areas are stuffed in the center of the plate. At the same time, it is important that such areas do not stand out from the overall picture.

DIY marbled decor: fixing layers and varnishing

On the penultimate stage all layers are fixed. The palette is thoroughly cleaned, and white is squeezed onto it. It should be borne in mind that titanium white is cheaper, but zinc has a finer texture. With soft movements over the entire surface of the plate, white is stuffed with a sponge, while the pattern should not be smeared, after which white streaks are applied with a thin brush.

On the final stage the entire surface is varnished. Before using the varnish, it must be well dried for 12 hours. The varnish should be completely glossy or matte, because in nature marble can both play with bright shiny highlights and emit a soft subdued light.

Under some types of lighting, the "marble" surface is not too noticeable, in which case a glossy varnish can be used. But the most beautiful and natural look is glyptal varnish, which has a semi-gloss base. Often, to obtain such a material, glossy and semi-gloss varnish are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio.

It is necessary to apply varnish in two stages. After applying the first layer, you need to pause for 10-12 hours, and only when the entire surface is dry, you can start applying the second layer.

When all the work is finished, the “marble” slab is left to dry completely. Then it can be used in any repair and decorative purposes. For wall cladding, you will have to prepare several similar panels.

And now watch the video "Imitation of marble", and you will see that this process is not at all as complicated as it might seem at first glance:

Natural stone - marble, granite, slate, etc., in finishing and construction works, is perhaps unrivaled in terms of aesthetics and practicality. Same as for the cost. Buy such materials for finishing your house or apartment "affordable" only for very wealthy people. Perhaps that is why a good alternative has appeared - artificial materials, which in appearance and characteristics are in no way inferior to the originals. The production of artificial marble today can be considered one of the most profitable areas in the production of building finishing materials.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs:40-43 thousand rubles
Relevant for cities with a population:from 100 thousand people
Situation in the industry:low competition
The complexity of organizing a business: 2/5
Payback: from 2 months

Despite the protracted economic crisis in the country, the demand for building materials is not falling. A wide range of choice of artificial stone allows you to use it in a variety of areas of construction, and its natural appearance, reliability, strength, and, of course, price, make it one of the most sought after. building materials. Moreover, it should be noted that the technical properties of artificial marble are the same as those of natural stone, and it even surpasses the “original” in strength and wear resistance.

Where exactly is artificial marble used? First of all, it is a material for finishing office and administrative premises. Massive window sills, countertops, bar counters, bathtubs are also made from it, and they are used for finishing stair steps.

Varieties of material

Varieties this material classified primarily according to the way they are produced:

• casting, having a composite composition, the main components of which are hardened polyester resin and a filler, which can be ordinary quartz sand, marble chips, and other similar components. The production of this type of marble is somewhat similar to the production of liquid stone, which is produced using a similar technology.
  
• Gypsum (oselkovy) - with a base, as it is already clear, of gypsum mixed with glue dissolved in water and special dyes that allow you to give the mixture different colors of marble. The perfect appearance is achieved by careful polishing of the material. It is used, as a rule, when it is necessary to build lightweight structures. Allows you to stabilize the microclimate in the room - gives moisture when it is lacking in the room, or takes (absorbs) when it is in excess without any changes in its appearance.
  
• Chopped (ground) - made from natural white marble crushed to powder. This type of artificial marble is highly resistant to external atmospheric phenomena - sun, rain, and wind.
  
• Liquid (flexible) is one of the most modern materials made from marble chips and acrylic fillers. Due to its special properties - flexibility, strength, light weight, and environmental friendliness is most often used for wall decoration. It can be cut with scissors or a wallpaper knife and glued to walls instead of wallpaper, or finished with structures that have complex shape– arches, columns, etc.
  

Another type of artificial marble, which should be taken out in a separate line, because this type of stone can be produced at home - concrete marble, which, in essence, is another type of cast stone production, in which the main components are replaced with cheaper ones. than resin and fillers, cement and sand.

Business Benefits

Main advantages this business consist in:

• consistently high demand for these products;
• low level of competition in the building materials production market;
• no need to organize a business that requires large-scale costs;
• relative simplicity of the technological production process;
• high - up to 300%, profitability and quick payback.

Manufacture of artificial marble can be organized by a person who was completely unfamiliar with building technologies.

Artificial marble production technology

Each technology for the manufacture of artificial stone has its own nuances, but general principle is similar for all types of marble, so the production technology will be considered using the example of making cast marble from concrete, which can be easily implemented at home, which means that any budding entrepreneur can afford it.

The technology for the production of artificial stone, as already mentioned, is available for development by almost anyone, and does not contain anything complicated:

• stage 1 - preparation of the form. The thoroughly washed and dry polyurethane form is lubricated with a gelcoat - a pigmented, fiber-reinforced polyester epoxy resin elastic or semi-elastic appearance and leave to dry.
• Stage 2 - in a concrete mixer or manually mix sand, river pebbles and cement in proportions of 2 parts, ¼ part, and 1 part, respectively, add water - 80% of 0.2 parts of the total volume of the mixture, dye, plasticizer and mix until homogeneous mass, add the remaining 20% ​​of water and mix again.
• Stage 3 - the form is filled with the resulting mixture, its edges are cleaned of excess, placed on a vibrating table for several seconds to compact the mixture, covered with plastic wrap and left to dry for about 10 hours.
• Stage 4 - after removing the product from the mold, it is left in a closed room with a controlled temperature for 2-3 days.

The material obtained as a result of all these operations is subjected to processing to give it desired type and forms. More details about technological process can be found in this video:

Business organization

The organization of a business for the production of artificial marble, in principle, does not differ from the opening of any other enterprise, and includes the following main stages:

Stage name	Condition to fulfill	Period of execution
Business registration, registration of necessary documents	availability of a package of necessary documents	1 month
Selection and arrangement of premises		1 month
Purchase and installation necessary equipment	availability of funds	1 month
Manufacturing process	fulfillment of the previous conditions
Carrying out a marketing policy		throughout the entire period of work

Necessary equipment

All necessary tools and equipment for making marble with your own hands can be purchased at any hardware store. You will have to specially order only molds for marble. You will need:

• polyurethane molds;
• polyethylene film for covering products;
• concrete mixer;
• vibrating table;
• tassel;
• shovels;
• measuring devices and scales for the exact dosage of plasticizer and coloring pigments;
• angle grinder ("Bulgarian");
• special cutting wheels for the "grinder" for working with stone;
• grinding attachments.

With small production volumes, you can save costs by doing without a mixer. The vibrating table can be made independently, reducing its cost by three times compared to the price tag in the store. Consumables should include:

• building wax and gelcoat;
• sand;
• cement;
• pebbles or gravel;
• plasticizer;
• coloring substances.

Manufacturing facility

Installing all the necessary equipment will not take up much space. As production premises It is quite possible to use a regular garage. What other business ideas can be implemented in the garage can be found at this link. However, you will also need a place for drying and storing the finished material.

Staff

Whole manufacturing process only one person can do it, but it is still better to work together. It is not necessary to involve an employee for this. It is advisable to organize an enterprise for the production of artificial marble by the efforts of one family. Additional labor will be needed only as a result of business expansion - after its promotion and appearance a large number orders.

Business registration

Registration of a business is possible both as an LLC and in the status of an individual entrepreneur - there is no fundamental difference here. Therefore, the main criterion in determining the form of doing business will be the choice of the most favorable taxation regime.

You can learn more about choosing a tax payment system. All the necessary information about what taxes an individual entrepreneur pays is in this. In addition to the standard package of documents for registering your business, you will need to obtain a certificate of conformity for your products and the conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor on its quality and safety for the consumer.

Financial component

All financial expenses for convenience are placed in descending order by cost:

• vibrating table - price from 10 to 25 thousand rubles;
• mixer mixer - from 7 to 15 thousand rubles;
• forms for stone - from 700 to 1500 rubles (depending on the structure of the stone);
• "Bulgarian" - from 2500 to 6 thousand rubles;
• cutting wheels for working with stone - from 1000 to 2000 rubles / piece;
• grinding nozzles for "grinder" - from 100 to 400 rubles / piece;
• shovels - 150-200 rubles / piece;

In total, taking into account unplanned expenses, which usually amount to 5-7% of total amount, equipment for the production of artificial marble will cost a minimum of 22.5 thousand rubles.

If we take into account that the premises for production (garage) are owned by the organizer of the business, and determining the cost Supplies for the manufacture of the first batch of products in the amount of 15 thousand rubles, as well as utility bills (water, electricity), total costs for organizing a business until the first profit is received, will amount to about 40-43 thousand rubles.

Price finished products reflected in the table below (all prices are for January 2018):

Product type	Width, cm	Thickness cm	Cost, rub./linear meter	Cost, rub./sq. meter
countertop	60	3	9 000 -11 000	14 900 -18 200
windowsill	30	5	4 500 -6 000	14 900 - 19 900
Wall panel		1,3		12 000 -15 000

Thus, the full payback of the business, subject to stable orders, will be no more than 2 months.

Oselkovy marble is an artificial material, which is also called decorative, which imitates natural marble in its texture and color. According to its composition, decorative marble consists of a gypsum mass, which is diluted with water-based adhesives, with the addition of the necessary dyes.

Decorative marble differs: by the type of pattern (colored, monophonic, multi-colored, multi-colored, ornamental), by the manufacturing technology (bulk and “under a shovel”), by the method of application (shield, spatula, simplified, template, plaster).

The use of artificial marble allows you to create the structure of natural marble and other natural stones such as: granite, onyx, opal, jasper, malachite, lapis lazuli and others. Products made of osselkovy marble are not inferior to natural analogues, but surpass them in terms of color scheme warmth and individuality.

Manufacturing technology

Oselkovy (gypsum) marble is a lighter material than natural marble. For the manufacture of molding plaster of fine grinding is used, without sand impurities and exclusively white color. As a retarder, glue diluted in water is used some time before the gypsum is kneaded. To create the required color of marble, paints made on the basis of mineral, organic and artificial dyes are used.

In the manufacture of the material, special and construction tools are used: sieves with holes of various diameters, scoops, ladle, trowel, watering can, buckets, scraper, sherhebel, cynubel, scraper, sampler, chisel, knife, brushes and sponge.

The production process takes place in several stages, these are: preparation, sharpening, grinding and polishing.

Preparation is done in two ways.

bulk method

When preparing in this way, dry gypsum mixture poured in several layers, on a previously prepared surface (workbench). The layers vary in color, depending on the pattern and desired texture.

First, a layer of the main background color is laid, then the color of the veins, then the transition color, and again, in the same sequence. The thickness of the layer depends on the required pattern and texture, and is 5.0 - 50.0 mm. The laying scheme is shown below.

After this operation, on a shield made of wood or other material, laid on a second workbench (the so-called "wet workbench"), burlap soaked in the adhesive is placed, while its edges should hang from the workbench.

The prepared gypsum mixture, with the help of a scoop, is transferred to a “wet workbench, and placed in a plane perpendicular to the original one (laying diagram is given below).

The thickness of the gypsum to be laid must be greater than the thickness of the marble to be produced.

After laying the entire required area, the surface is leveled and covered with another layer of burlap, after which it is spilled with adhesive.

When the gypsum mixture is saturated, upper layer the burlap is removed, the excess solution is removed.

Method under the shoulder blade

This method is used when it is necessary to create a thin marble pattern, with a dominant main background. From the previously discussed method, this method differs in the preparation of gypsum mass and the way it is laid.

The work is carried out as follows - gypsum mixture different colors, kneaded separately for each color, until a doughy state, after which it is tightly laid on a workbench, in the form of strips different color. In this case, a pattern with veins is obtained, if it is necessary to create conglomerates, parts of other colors are pressed into the layer of the main color.

Ostrozhka

After the prepared gypsum mixture hardens, it is necessary to remove the excess parts of the resulting slab, and also to open the created pattern.

At the beginning of this operation, the required plate thickness and the necessary dimensions are determined, which are to be further processed.

To open the pattern, a scratch and a sherhebel are used - to perform a rough sharpening, and a tsinubel - for a fine sharpening.

If necessary, chisels and samplers can be used.

• Rough grinding.

This operation is performed using pumice or "pechora", by grinding the surface of the plate being made. Existing scratches - puttied.

• Fine grinding.

After the board is dry naturally(2 - 3 days), it is necessary to perform fine grinding. For this, a touchstone with No. 1 is used, after which the surface is washed and puttied again. After drying, grinding is performed with whetstones No. 2 and No. 3, while after each operation, puttying is again performed.

After the grinding process is completed, a smooth surface of sufficient density should be obtained, without shells and other damage.

• Polishing.

This operation is performed initially with the help of a touchstone No. 3, with a preliminary coating of the treated surface with an adhesive solution. When the whetstone treatment is done, the slab is again covered with adhesive and after 24 hours, polished using #4 whetstone.

This process is performed several times until a mirror finish of the treated surface is achieved.

• Burnishing.

This operation is performed to protect artificial marble from moisture and other negative effects. The surface is treated with wax, which is diluted in gasoline or turpentine, and rubbed into the treated surface.

If desired, the availability of free time and the ability to work hand tool, you can make donkey marble with your own hands. This will require: gypsum, wood glue, resin, coloring pigment, mold for pouring.

Work should be performed in the following sequence:

• In the prepared container, using a construction mixer, it is necessary to knead the gypsum using water and wood glue.
• Melted resin is poured into the prepared mass.
• The resulting composition is mixed and a coloring pigment is added to it.
• The newly obtained mass is mixed until the moment when blotches and stains do not appear in it.
• The finished mass is poured into the prepared form.
• The resulting excess is removed.
• Drying takes place within 10.0 hours, after which the resulting plate is removed from the mold.
• The surface of the plate is treated with potassium silicate, which will increase the resistance of the manufactured product to moisture.
• The plate is dried and polished with soft felt or special abrasive materials. Polishing is carried out until a mirror surface is formed.

The advantages of oselkovy marble are:

• Good indicators on durability and operation.
• The ability to perform various degrees of decoration when decorating objects.
• Affordable cost.
• The possibility of making your own hands.
• It is a non-combustible material that does not support combustion;
• Inert to chemicals.
• It has a small specific gravity.
• Possesses long terms of operation.
• Does not require additional care during operation.
• Has resistance to natural phenomena(sun rays, ambient temperature, etc.).

Disadvantages of stone marble:

• The complexity of the work, requiring the skills of working with similar materials and the professionalism of the worker.
• The strength is lower than that of natural marble.
• When operating under severe conditions ( flights of stairs etc.), products made from this material are subject to abrasion, scratches and splits.
• With prolonged exposure to moisture, it is subject to destruction.

Use and repair of artificial marble products

Due to its merits, stone marble has become a worthy replacement natural stone when finishing interior spaces, facing of external surfaces, creation of architectural elements and structures, as well as in the arrangement of landscape design.

During operation, it happens that the installed products or mounted finishing elements lose their appearance or are partially damaged. In this case, it is necessary to perform restoration work, which, depending on the degree of damage, is carried out as follows:

• In the absence of gloss, it is necessary to clean the restored surface from dirt and dust, and then perform grinding and polishing of the surface, as in the manufacture of the restored surface.
• In the presence of small scratches and cracks - it is necessary to embroider the existing damage and putty. To do this, the required pigment is selected, corresponding to the pigment of the surface to be restored, and a binder composition based on gypsum is prepared. Damaged areas are puttied and polished. Places subject to restoration should not stand out against the general background of the object being repaired; for this, grinding and polishing must be performed over the entire area of ​​​​the slab.
• In case of significant damage - if possible, then it is necessary to cut off the damaged area, and instead make and install a new one. Measures for finishing new elements are carried out in the same way as in the manufacture of artificial marble.