How to drill a well for water without equipment. Do-it-yourself well in the country: an overview of technologies and tools for manual drilling How wells are made in the country

Professional drilling of wells is a very expensive pleasure. Depending on the method of penetration, the cost of services of specialized companies ranges from 15-50 USD. e. for each meter of depth. Note that the task is really not an easy one, and therefore most owners of dachas and estates turn to specialists for its solution. Hence the purpose of this material is to consider options for how you can drill a well on a site with your own hands without the use of expensive equipment. We will describe the available methods so that you can evaluate the complexity and amount of work, and then start moving along the chosen path.

How deep is drinking water

This is the main question that the homeowner raises when organizing the water supply of the home. An exact answer to it can only be given by geological exploration of the suburban area, carried out in recent years. To be convinced of this, it is worth studying the layout of aquifers in the thickness of the earth.

As you can see, the water is located on different horizons, between which impermeable rocks lie - dense loam, limestone and clay. To determine the appropriate layer, we propose to slightly decipher the presented scheme:

Closest to the surface are waters that enter the ground due to precipitation - the so-called perched water. In some places, it starts from a depth of 0.4-0.8 m and continues up to 20 m. As a rule, this is dirty and poorly filtered water containing harmful impurities.
At depths of up to 30 m, there are cleaner groundwater, whose stock is also fed by precipitation. Most home wells break out to this horizon (its upper limit can be at a distance of 5-8 m from the surface). This water must be filtered before drinking.
Underground water accumulations located in the sandy layer have undergone good natural filtration and are suitable for drinking water supply. If you want to make a well with your own hands, then you will need to reach this horizon.
The purest water is located in limestone voids at a depth of 80-100 m, which is unattainable using artisanal drilling methods. Since artesian water is under pressure, after punching a well, the flow independently rises to ground level, or even splashes out.

Note. The boundaries of the occurrence of perched water and groundwater are indicated very conditionally, their depth may vary depending on the terrain and other factors.

Location of the source of autonomous water supply

When we figured out between which layers a suitable horizon is located, we need to determine the place for the future source of water supply. We will not talk about dubious options like dowsing with a frame or a vine slingshot, but will give a number of simple tips:

learn all about neighboring wells and wells: their depth, water quality and location;
retreat as much as possible from the sources of pollution - septic tanks, street toilets and the barnyard;
note: wells are not drilled on a hill, for this it is better to choose a lowland.

In any case, you need to be patient. It is likely that you will not be able to get drinking water the first time and you will need to make several attempts.

About drilling technologies

Before we talk about the methods of drilling, we list the types of wells:

to the water;
on the sand;
on limestone (artesian).

A shallow well for water is made in order to reach the upper horizons and organize the supply using a pump. This also includes the Abyssinian well from a pipe of small diameter. Accordingly, drilling into sand and into limestone means deepening to the lower layers, as shown in the diagram above.

This is what auger drilling looks like

There are several technologies for punching narrow vertical channels in the earth:

With the help of a drill made in the form of an auger. To reach the desired depth, the drill builds up with new sections as it dives.
Core drilling. In this case, the main tool is a hollow pipe with a sharp end, where carbide teeth are welded. In the process of deepening, the glass is filled with rock, which is periodically cleaned out.
Hydraulic method (direct or reverse flushing). The bottom line is that the drill is lowered into the channel along with the casing, and the soil from the working area is constantly washed out by the pressure of the water supplied by the drainage pump.
The shock-rope method involves driving the same glass and periodically excavating the soil to the surface. It uses the impact force from the free fall of the tool placed inside the casing. Typically, the operator manually raises the glass, tied to the coil with a cable, and then releases it into free flight to the bottom of the well.

Reference. For the passage of loose layers or intermediate water carriers, when the auger or glass enters the slurry, a special device is used - a bailer or a drill-spoon. This is a piece of pipe with a check valve in the form of a petal or a ball, filled with liquid rock with each dive. Then the bailer is lifted and cleaned.

The design of a homemade bailer

In addition to the above methods, water well drilling is carried out using the Abyssinian well technology. In short, a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm with a cone at the end is immersed to the level of groundwater, which is subsequently pumped out of the well by a surface pump.

In order to drill at the well site with your own hands and not use specialized equipment, only 2 technologies can be implemented: shock-rope and Abyssinian well. We will tell about them further.

How to punch punch

This is the most inexpensive technology, but rather laborious. For work you will need the following devices:

a tripod made of rolled metal with a hook and a block on top;
winch with a cable, equipped with a handle;
driving tool - a glass and a bailer;
welding machine;
manual drill.

Ground punching cup

Advice. If you have a welding inverter and the skills to work with it, you can weld these simple devices in your garage. But the manufacture of home-made devices is justified when you need to break through not one well, but 10 or 20. It’s easier to rent a tripod with a coil.

Before drilling the soil to the required depth, prepare casing pipes. Their diameter should be such that the working tool passes freely inside, but with a minimum clearance, and the length should correspond to the height of the tripod. One condition: impact technology is not applicable on rocks or in soils with stone inclusions. To penetrate such horizons, you will need a carbide-tipped drill.

Independent drilling of a well for water is carried out in the following order:

From the first section of the casing, make a filter by drilling Ø8-10 mm holes in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 7-8 cm on a pipe section 1 meter long. From above, close the holes with a stainless steel mesh fixed with rivets.
Make a leader hole with a hand drill to a depth of 0.5-1 m. Here it is important to correctly set the tool at an angle of 90 ° to the surface so that the channel is strictly vertical.
Insert the first section of casing into the hole, correct the vertical and insert the impact tool inside.
Leaving a helper to maintain the casing, raise and lower the glass using the spool. When filling, take it out and clean out the rock. As the soil is removed, the pipe will take its place and gradually sink into the ground. To speed up the process, attach a couple of heavy weights to it.
When the edge of the first section drops to the ground, weld the second section to it, strictly controlling the vertical level. Continue in the same way until you reach the water layer.

Welding the next section in level

An important point. Passing the top water, you will surely come across the slurry that falls out of the iron glass. A mixture of clay and water must be selected from the well using the bailer method, installing it instead of a conventional tool.

When the end of the pipe drops 40-50 cm below the groundwater level, stop punching the channel and proceed to “rocking” the source. To do this, lower the pipe connected to the surface pump to the bottom of the HDPE and pour 2-3 buckets of water into the shaft. Then turn on the unit and let it run for 2 hours, controlling the cleanliness and water pressure. The last step is to equip the well and connect it to the water supply at home, as described in. For more details on the drilling process, see the video:

Abyssinian well

Unlike traditional underground channels, the Abyssinian well has a small diameter (no more than 50 mm) and water is pumped out of it by a surface pump, not a submersible one. It is believed that due to the rarefaction created, such a well does not silt, and over time, its debit only grows due to the forced washing out of soil capillaries. In fact, such assertions have no serious grounds.

Before making an Abyssinian well, prepare the required number of casing pipes with a length of 2-2.5 m. Since penetration below 15 m is not expected, it is enough to have 6-7 ready-made segments Ø50 mm on hand, plus the first section with a steel cone at the end - a needle. She will play the role of a drilling tool.

Finished Needle with Mesh

The technology looks like this:

Make the first section of the casing - the so-called needle. Weld a metal cone to its end, and make holes on the sides and place the mesh, as described in the previous section.
Dig a small leader hole, insert a needle into it and start driving, keeping to the vertical. To do this, you can use the same tripod with a suspended weight or another device.
As you sink, weld in new sections and continue to drive in the casing. When approaching the estimated depth, check the appearance of water with a weight on a string.
After passing the aquifer, lower the polymer pipeline connected to the hand column into the well. Fill it with water and pump the source for 30-60 minutes until clear water comes out. Then proceed to the installation of an autonomous water supply.

Abyssinian well device

Advice. When you start ordering the manufacture of a steel cone, keep in mind that its "skirt" should be 3-5 mm wider than the casing pipe, so that when driving, the mesh does not peel off the walls of the shaft. To facilitate labor, make the end of the needle as sharp as possible.

The Abyssinian well has one significant drawback: before drilling it, you need to know for sure that there is groundwater in this place. Otherwise, you run the risk of burying all the pipes in the ground, since it is not always possible to extract them back. The advantages of the source are simplicity in execution and minimal consumption of materials. If you wish, you can punch such a well right in the house, as a team of workers demonstrates in the video:

Conclusion

The impact drilling method is really suitable in a situation where you need to make a well in the country on your own. Yes, and the Abyssinian well is arranged according to the same technology. To use other methods - auger, core and hydraulic - you need special equipment - a drilling rig, a drainage pump, and so on. But it is impossible to completely abandon these options, despite the high prices, because the composition of the soil and the depth of the water carriers can be different. You can’t break through the rock manually and you won’t go to the horizon over 50 m.

Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

Choosing a method of drilling a well in the country, a prudent owner will always opt for an artesian well. Why? An artesian well is the most reliable way to get clean water from limestone aquifers with a flow rate of 3 m³ per hour or more.

In the conditions of our middle lane, artesian wells are ideal for year-round water supply to a summer cottage, private houses, cottages located in areas without a centralized water supply. With proper operation and regular repair and cleaning of the well, it is capable of producing water for at least 40 years. Often a good artesian well in a country house becomes a weighty argument in order to build a building on it for year-round use.

AvantiGeo Company provides mechanized drilling rigs based on trucks. After drilling a well in a summer cottage to the desired aquifer, the well is strengthened with steel or plastic pipes, which ensures that the aquifer is isolated from contamination by crumbling earth and the penetration of poor-quality water from the upper aquifers into it.

Why AvantiGeo

Your well will be drilled and equipped by professionals: each member of the team is highly qualified and directly participated in the drilling of dozens of wells for water.

We have up-to-date geological maps of the occurrence of artesian aquifers for all districts of the Moscow Region. Before concluding a contract with us for drilling and well construction, you will know for sure that a fountain of living water will come out of the well in your area.

Avanti Geo is licensed to drill to artesian depths. Our price of a well in the country reflects the real labor costs and the optimal consumption of material resources. It does not contain hidden cheats.

We will not be stopped by the lack of access roads to the drilling site. Our equipment allows drilling on virgin soil, and in winter conditions. We have a successful experience of drilling in cramped conditions in a limited area.

We respect the order on your site and do not leave work waste behind us. You will only have to scatter the crushed rock raised from the well over the area.
We provide maintenance of wells at their summer cottage, thereby providing our customers with long-term and trouble-free water supply.

The result of our work

Equipped well, which will last at least 40 years, with pure natural water from a depth of 30 to 220 meters, which has passed centuries of filtration in limestone layers.

The opportunity to use the water that nature gave, and not neighboring septic tanks and cowsheds. Independence from collective irrigation systems for your garden.

Well passport, indicating its depth, water level height, flow rate, diameter and other characteristics.

Not just a well, but an individual year-round water supply system

We do not just carry out in the country - you will receive a cased well with the arrangement of its ground part (caisson). If necessary, we will develop a project for your home's water supply system and install a water supply and water treatment system from the bottom of the well to the faucets in the house. We are also ready to install and connect containers to the well for watering your garden plot.

Do you use a central system or a regular well to supply water to your home? We will help you solve this problem. Our company "Aqualux" provides services for drilling and installation of water wells in your summer cottage.

A well or a well, which is better for a summer residence?

The question "well or well?" does not stand in front of Aqualux customers. We will offer the optimal well design for your case. A question that isn't really a question.

Is it correct to compare ancient Russian chain mail with T-34 armor. What's better? Silly question, isn't it? Similarly, it makes no sense to compare a well and a water well. Even if drilling is carried out on sand, the resulting design is much more convenient, more productive and more functional than any well.

And there is nothing to say about drilling for limestone - it can solve all the problems associated with water consumption.

Proponents of wells, in response to this, may object that a well can be dug faster and cheaper. controversial argument. The average cost of work is 30,000 rubles.

So, we understood that in the question “well or well?” there can be no ambiguous and controversial answer.

Sand or limestone?

But this question is less clear. The design of the well is determined by the requirements imposed by the water consumption regime:

Sand drilling is carried out in cases where not very much water is required, and there are low requirements for its qualities. Ideal for giving, where the owners do not live permanently.
Drilling into limestone to obtain artesian water is a more complex undertaking. Requires modern equipment and a sufficient amount of time to carry out the work (at least a week). But this is the only way to arrange a full-fledged water supply system, such as in a centralized system.

Nothing is better or worse. It all depends on what is required in a particular case. Size of your personal water source. Of great importance is such an indicator as the diameter of the casing pipe, which is used in it. The performance of the source depends on it:

11.4 cm - suitable for summer cottages, houses, small cottages, while there can be no more than three points of consumption;
13.3 cm - able to serve an ordinary private house and a medium-sized cottage, designed for no more than six points of consumption;
15.9 cm - ten consumption points, a fairly large cottage and 1 - 2 small auxiliary facilities can be served;
16.8 cm - several cottages can be provided with water supply.

Contact the Aqualux company, and we will always tell you the right solution. For example, you can save on a larger diameter if you order a service for several cottages. You set a task - we find a solution.

How to drill a well yourself will be described in this article. Nothing is impossible, the main thing is to know and understand how it is done.
You will learn how to properly drill a well and what is needed for this. The video in this article will show the phased progress of the work, and in the photo you will see all the stages. Instructions will also be given for the correct execution of the work.

Before deciding at home, you need to understand that water is different and, accordingly, different wells. The lower the water level, the higher the costs.
But at the same time, the deeper the water is, the more it is of high quality and suitable for drinking. Let's look at the types of wells and after that you will determine what is right for you and how to drill a well yourself.

So:

filter. This design consists of a pipe of the order of 100 mm and is immersed in the ground to a depth of 30 meters.
From the soil side, a metal mesh is attached to the pipe, which serves as a filter. The service life of the well reaches 15 years.
Only in such a design there may not be high-quality water, it is simply not far from the ground level and untreated sewage can penetrate there;
Artesian well without filter. The depth of which can reach 100 meters, and the water here will be of better quality. The service life reaches up to 100 years.

Attention: An artesian well is more durable, but be aware. This water is located in limestone layers, so it is saturated with metal. Filters must be applied to use it.

Now let's move on to the question of how to drill a well in a well.

Causes of bad water

If there is a well in the area in which the water is no longer of high quality, there is no need to make major repairs. We will tell you about the causes of poor water quality, and how you can get rid of it.
Well water can be used for drinking, provided that:

The water in the upper layer is clear at least 30 cm deep.
Water contains nitrates no more than 10 mg per liter of water.
There should be less than 10 Escherichia coli per liter of water, this is a mandatory norm.
The taste and smell of water according to a 5-point assessment should not be lower than 3 points.

Attention: To determine the quality of water, it must be provided to the sanitary and epidemiological service, which will conduct an examination. Make it a must. The asking price is worth it.

How to carry out an independent installation of a well

To solve this problem, you first need to know the very principle of work, you must clearly understand this. After that, you can do it yourself.
So:

First you need to dig a hole two meters deep and one and a half meters wide. This will prevent the top layer of the earth from crumbling.
The walls of the pit are fixed with boards. The well must be drilled using a drilling rig and a column must be used. Above the place of the well on the tower we place a drill column.
The drill stem is rods that are extended during drilling using adapter sleeves. A drill head is mounted at the end of the drill rod.

Attention: You can build the tower yourself, using improvised material, for example, logs, or weld a metal corner, pipes, channel bars. The most important thing is that the structure is rigid and durable.

You should know at least roughly where the water is. You can drill without using a tower if the water is shallow.
Then rods are used, which are 1.5 m in length. With the use of a tower, the rods must be 3 meters long.
The entire structure is constructed from carbon steel. Depending on the type of soil, the tool and type of drilling are selected.

Making a tripod

To do the job, you may need a tripod, which will greatly facilitate your work.
It is done as follows:

Attention: For a tripod, the main thing is the rigidity of the installation. So pay attention to this.

For work, we need either a strong tree or metal pipes. We cut to the required size, after that we lay it in the form of a triangle;
We make holes in the lower part of the elements, they will be needed to secure the tubes that must be inserted there. Most importantly, they should not move apart under load;
After making the hole, we cut the pipe for the bundle to the desired size and insert it. We immediately fix it rigidly, this is done with the help of self-tapping screws or clamps;
At the top of the pipe we connect and we get a tripod. A winch is attached to the bottom. It should be secured with cables;

Drilling heads

Before you get started, you should know what you will need:

Spiral drill, which is used for drilling in clay soil. The lower part has a diameter of about 45-85 mm. Blade length is 258-290 mm.
The drill in the form of a chisel is used for impact drilling. The drill has a cruciform, flat shape.
A spoon-shaped drill is a cylinder made of metal, which has a slot, which is located longitudinally or in the form of a spiral. It is used in clay-sandy soil and loam. For one drilling, a well can be increased by 30-40 cm, in length - about 700 mm, in diameter - about 70-200 mm.
. With its help, loose earth is taken out by the shock method. They are: ordinary, as well as piston.
The usual one is made from a pipe, the length of which is up to 3 m. Inside the diameter of the bailer is 25-96 mm, externally - 95-219 mm, its weight is 89-225 kg.

Attention: The drilling process itself is carried out cyclically, while it is accompanied by periodic cleaning of the drilling tool from the ground. It is possible to clean the drill if it is completely removed from the well.

How to carry out self-drilling of a well

For independent drilling, we need a spiral drill, which will be both a metal screw and a coil. In practice, you can make sure that a fisherman's ice ax is suitable for this purpose. This is the cheapest way to drill a well.
Use of tools and materials:

The use of an auger is the main tool. The production edges of the drill are reinforced with cutters that are welded on. As incisors, some use files that are pre-sharpened.
Pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are used, necessary for lengthening the knees.
A shovel and a tool for removing the earth: a regular garden cart or trailer for a car.
Pump and hose to increase the size of the well.
High stable table or goats.
Gravel screening device.
Gravel of fine fraction, which will be required to fall asleep in the well.

Attention: Casing pipes must be prepared before drilling: make perforations in the walls.

Holes should be no lower than 0.5 meters from the edge at the bottom of the pipe, they are made in the pipe at a distance of 1.5-2 meters. Holes in diameter should be 5-7 mm.
It is necessary to prepare guides from bars that will be mounted to the pipe. They are needed to center the pipe and to ensure that the gaps that will be between the well and the pipe are equal. And also, to sift the gravel can be evenly.

Auger drilling

This option is quite often used and looks like this:

The soil where the well will be located must first be leveled. Then you need to dig a recess in it by 40-60 cm to give the drill a direction. You can start drilling.
At first, one person can turn the drill for several meters, then, after passing the 3-4 meter mark, you will need one or two people to help. As the drill goes deeper into the soil, it will become more difficult to turn. To make this process easier, you can add water to the hole, softening the soil.
After making several full rotations of the drill, it should be pulled out and cleaned of soil, which can be immediately removed from the drilling site so that it does not interfere with the process. Drilling is carried out until the handle of the drill is lowered to the surface of the earth. Then you need to build up the drill with a new elbow pipe.

Attention: By extending the handle of the drill, it will become difficult to work with it from the surface of the earth, which is why you will need a high stable table or wooden goats. This will make the job much easier.

Besides rotation of the drill by means of a standard gas key No. 3 is possible. By building up metal pipe elbows, drilling continues until an aquifer appears. You can easily find it in the soil - it will become wet.

Attention: This stage of drilling is dangerous by pulling the drill into the soil, so wet soil must be removed in small portions without fail.

The well is made to a depth greater than the first layer of clay, this is necessary to prevent groundwater from entering the wellbore. Before placing the pipe in the well, it is necessary to raise and then lower the drill pipes 3-4 times, having cleaned the well.
Having lowered the pipe, the gap formed by the pipe and the well should be covered with fine-grained gravel.

Well pumping process

The buildup is the cleansing of the well from contamination. For this, it is better to use a powerful one, you can also use a vibration pump, although this will significantly delay the cleaning time.

So:

The vibration-type pump does not have much power; for quick cleaning of the well, it is necessary to lift it repeatedly, loosening the water. This technique will prevent solid particles from settling on the bottom of the well.
During the cleaning of the well, the gravel that we poured into the gap between the pipes and the well will settle a little, so it should be topped up from time to time. Cleaning the well, as a rule, lasts a long time, a lot of water is spent on it. It is necessary to provide for the diversion of water into the ditch.
After complete cleaning of the well, it is necessary to install a stationary pump for daily use.

Now you know how this work is done. Most importantly, determine the type of well correctly.
After its installation, it will be necessary to bring water to the room and make the wiring correctly. There are detailed articles on this topic on our website.

We are all accustomed to uninterrupted water supply, to the constant amenities inherent in apartments in big cities. But when it comes to summer cottages, and sometimes private houses, there are problems with uninterrupted water supply. Here the question arises of the expediency of creating a well for water. And we will talk about this today.

Well types

First of all, before embarking on drilling wells in the country, you need to figure out what are the main types of such devices for the supply of clean drinking water. After all, the task is quite serious and it will not tolerate execution without proper preparation.

There are three most popular types of wells:

sandy;
artesian;
Abyssinian well of the simplest type.

sand well

Even based on the name of the well, it becomes clear that the extraction of water with its help is carried out from a layer called sandy-water-bearing. The depth of the water extraction layer in this case is up to fifty meters. When choosing a sand well, you should be aware of some points:

it is quite economical;
the amount of water will be enough for a small suburban area;
the well is quite durable, but the level of water quality requires periodic checks.

A sand well should be located away from various sources of pollution, which today can be located far from the city. If all conditions are strictly observed, such a device will serve you from 10 to 15 years.

Artesian well

If you live in an area where there is a limestone layer, you may well use it to extract water. But this requires a check, which can be of two types:

You can find out about the presence of the reservoir from the neighbors.
You can order test drilling from specialists.

It is not difficult to guess that the question to the neighbors will be completely free and will not take you much time. If they answer ambiguously or do not give an answer at all, you will have to order services from professionals.

Unfortunately, it will be difficult to drill such a well on your own, but still we will talk about it.

The depth at which the limestone bed is laid often fluctuates between 30 and 200 meters, which clearly proves why such a well cannot be drilled by oneself.

Let's say right away that such drilling will not become particularly cheap, but it has its obvious advantages that explain the relevance of this type of well. It is very durable, because it will also be enough for your children, and for your grandchildren, perhaps.

An artesian well provides for a metal caisson tank, as well as a pump and a hydraulic accumulator installed in it.

By the way, here's a little trick for you: cooperate with your neighbors in your summer cottage, and this way you can drill one such well for several families. It will not be so expensive, and there will surely be enough water for everyone.

Such a well can be called the simplest. After all, it is easiest to drill it yourself. Often such a device is called as follows:

driven well;
well needle.

If in your summer cottage the aquifer lies at a depth of only 3-12 meters, you can safely use this option. Just do not forget about checking the area for the presence of landfills, cesspools and settling tanks in the area, because this way you will not be able to get crystal clear drinking water.

The well can be drilled in the yard, as well as in the basement of your country house. The second option, by the way, is incredibly convenient, because it will allow you to use water from a well in winter.

To drill this well, you need the following:

grandmother with a grandmother;
collar;
plug filter;
zaburnik;
pipes.

If you want the availability of clean water not to be tied to an uninterrupted supply of electricity, you can make not only an output pump, but also a manual column.

Choosing a drilling method

Before you start drilling, you need to decide exactly which method you will use. After all, you will also need to make a special device - a drilling rig. Fortunately, you can do it yourself. Choose a drilling method from the following:

rotary;
auger;
shock-rope.

To make a drilling tool, you will need the following items:

drill;
Bulgarian;
apparatus for welding;
other tools that any self-respecting summer resident has.

You can be sure that the drilling tool will be useful to you in the future, so making it is a completely rational step.

Rotary installation

If you decide to make a well in the country with a rotary installation, you need to know that this is one of the most difficult options for such operations. But, along with its complexity, this option can be safely called the most reliable. Considering that the equipment is quite serious, you can only make a special frame for it with your own hands. Purchase the remaining elements from reliable suppliers so that there are no problems during the drilling process.

You will need to purchase:

Blade drill.
Motor pump.
Motor reducer.
Drill rod.
Swivel.

Spare no effort on such a drilling machine, because it will be very multifunctional, it will allow you to carry out not only percussive and rotary drilling, but also drilling with flushing. And this is an excellent opportunity to supply a special solution directly to the well. The solution will wash the soil deep underground, which makes it easier to take it to the surface. You do not need to be a great specialist to understand that in this way the speed of all work is increased several times.

Having decided to drill a well in the country with a screw installation, you will need to make a special drill from a pipe (steel). Make sure that the diameter of the pipe used is not less than 100 millimeters. Weld the turns of the auger with a diameter of 20 centimeters to a steel pipe, at its end from the bottom, and install inclined-type steel knives along the edges of the auger.

You need to complete the work by installing a convenient handle on the top of the device, which should be removable. You can make a handle from the same steel pipe.

If during the drilling process you do not have enough length of the main pipe of the structure, it can always be increased using a special coupling or threaded connection.

Having fixed the resulting device on a tripod tower, you can start drilling. When drilling is completed, it is recommended to remove the steel pipe from the pit using a winch with an electric motor provided so as not to damage the device and get it out without problems.

With this type of drilling, a bailer acts as a working tool, as well as a heavy cartridge, which are fixed on a cable. A cable is fixed on the frame in a vertical position. In the process of drilling, the cartridge hits the ground, breaking it, and with the help of a bailer, it is taken out to the surface of the earth. For a cable percussion device, you will need a cartridge, the mass of which will not be less than 80 kilograms.

It is obvious that it is difficult to manually control such a weight, so you will need a rotary motor to lower and raise a load attached to the rope.

In order to ensure that the penetrating power of the cartridge is higher, its lower part should be well sharpened. In addition, many craftsmen attach especially sharp triangular elements to cartridges, as this improves the efficiency factor.

You need to start drilling by creating a hole in the land, which is done using a simple garden-type drill. When the hole is ready, you can use the cartridge and bailer.

Do-it-yourself sand well in the country

Taking directly to the execution of work, you need to start with drawing up plans and schemes. First of all, think about where the well will be located in your yard. Consider all the buildings on the site to understand how convenient the location you have chosen. Do not forget about what you planned to build at your dacha in the future. Remember that a well is built once, and it will not be easy to move it to another place.

Features of choosing a pump for a well

To choose the best pump option for your well in the country, you will need to pay attention to some options. This:

Depth indicators for your existing or future well.
Well debit.
The distance from the house to the well.
Casing diameter indicators.

All of these characteristics together give an answer to the question of the optimal power for the selected pump. A self-priming pump will suit you if the depth of the well in the summer cottage does not exceed nine meters. If we talk about other cases, then you will need a submersible pump for wells.

Work order

Having settled all the issues of location, creating work plans, it is necessary to proceed with their implementation:

Carefully mark up for future work. Make sure that the accuracy is maximum.
Prepare a hole for the entry of the drilling tool.
Install the drilling equipment at the required position.
Start drilling.
Assemble the filter column from the pipe, sump, and filter, and lower it into the pit.
Take a closer look and find the space between the soil and the walls of the casing from the outside. It must be covered with gravel or sand, your choice. If you choose crushed stone, be extremely careful not to damage the casing from the outside.
Rinse the filter by pumping water into the pipe with a pump. This way you can seal the top of it.
Using a screw pump, as well as a bailer, pump water out of the well.
Make sure the well water is clean.
Gently and slowly lower the submersible pump into the well. This procedure is performed using a safety type cable.
Connect the water pipe or hose to the pump.
In order for the water supply to be regulated, install a special valve on the pipe.
A casing pipe that protrudes above the surface must not allow water to pass through in undesirable places. For this purpose, perform waterproofing.
Equip the wellhead with a caisson, then carefully fix it on the head using a welding machine.
If you were planning to bring pipes to the house, at this stage it's time to lay them in trenches.
Sprinkle the caisson with soil, and also make a concrete blind area.

And so, in less than 20 steps, a well can be made in the country. Of course, everything is not so simple, but doing the work as accurately as possible, you will succeed.

Do-it-yourself drilling of a shallow well

You can also drill a well manually, but this, of course, requires special equipment. We list it below:

drilling rig;
winch;
casing;
rods.

By the way, it is not necessary to take a drilling rig, but only if the well is not deep. For shallow holes, you can pull out the drill string by hand.

As for the drill rods, they are made from ordinary pipes, and are connected using threads or dowels. The lower of the rods should not be forgotten, because it is she who must be equipped with a special drill.

For the manufacture of cutting nozzles, you will need sheet steel with a width of 3 millimeters. And another very important point concerns the sharpening of the edges of the nozzles. They need to be sharpened in such a way that as a result they enter the soil underground in a clockwise direction.

Now you should set up a tower in the area where drilling will be carried out. Make sure that the height of the derrick exceeds the dimensions of the drilling rod so that lifting and retrieving the rod is completely unimpeded.

To create a well, you will probably need an assistant. You can start the rotation yourself, but after a while, when the drill goes underground, the efforts of one person will not be enough to continue drilling.

If, together with an assistant, you stumble upon problems or simply get stuck, try pouring water into the soil, as it will soften it somewhat.

In the process of drilling, approximately every half a meter, take the drill outside to get excess soil out of the well.

When the drill reaches ground level, an additional bed is attached to it. Continue drilling until the very moment when you notice on the ground that you have finally reached the aquifer. After that, you need to clear the well from the ground and plunge the drill even deeper, trying to reach a layer called impermeable. Having reached this layer, an abundant influx of water will begin in the well.

Pump out the dirty water with the help of a pump and soon you will find clean water. If suddenly you notice that the water is not getting clearer, you need to deepen the drill a few more meters.

Care and operation of the well

The fact that you yourself equipped the well does not mean that it will serve you for a long time, because it needs to be properly operated, and it also requires careful maintenance.

In the event that you turned your attention to the fact that the water stopped supplying with its usual pressure, or it began to come out in small jerks, mixed with air, this can only mean the need to clean the well. This issue cannot be postponed until later, because the problem will not disappear by itself and will grow like a snowball.

To clean the well, you will need a water or air compressor. So you can quickly and reliably get rid of sand and silt.

If the condition of your well is more neglected, we recommend that you use a short circuit, and maybe even acid. But it is better to trust these techniques exclusively to professionals who earn such work for their living.

Frequently encountered problems and errors

Often, people who decide to do their own drilling of a well make mistakes and meet problems that they do not know the solution to. Therefore, we would like to pay attention to this issue.

Often it turns out that people choose the wrong type of drilling for certain breeds. Here's how to choose:

for sandy surfaces, it is recommended to use a drill spoon. But one drill will not be enough here, so use flushing with water or drilling fluid;
in the case of quicksand, the use of a bailer is recommended;
if clay is present on your site, you cannot do without a coil. But if you don’t have one, you can always stop at a bailer or a storm-spoon;
hard sand, which is typical for many territories, is well taken with a chisel;
in turn, hard rocks cannot be drilled with one bit, therefore they are drilled with a bit only at the first stage. And already on the second - excavation is carried out;
Loloto and bailer together are used for layers of pebbles or gravel.

Many beginners stop drilling at the stage when the drill reaches the aquifer, as they find wet soil at the outlet of the funnel. This is fundamentally wrong, because it just means that the water is already very close. Drilling work should be continued until the moment when you notice the difficulty of drilling due to the achievement of the impervious layer.

It is also not uncommon for a situation in which your well, which you seemingly drilled not so long ago, has ceased to function. Most likely in this case, the work was carried out incorrectly. While drilling, beginners often make some popular mistakes from this list, try to avoid them:

You could lower the pump extremely low, which inevitably led to siltation of the well with sand. If this problem could not be avoided, simply remove the pump, and then remove all the sand. Install the pump correctly and you will be happy.
A situation in which the casing is not completely seated in the hole can also lead to the supply of poor-quality water. If you remove the soil with a bailer, then upset the pipe, the problem will be settled.
Excessive zeal can also lead to adverse results. It is not uncommon for beginners in the field of well drilling to simply go through a layer of water. Raise the work to the desired level of the aquifer and water will appear.
Underdrill, as we have said, is also a popular problem, and the solution here is quite obvious.

We hope that you will remember such mistakes and take them into account when creating your own well in the country, which will provide you with clean and high-quality water for more than one year.

Well in the country - Video

Even in the case of simple crafts and work in the country, we often need video instructions and explanations that can dot the “and”, let alone create wells in the country. Therefore, we suggest that you finally familiarize yourself with a video clip on how to properly organize a well on the territory of your summer cottage.

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