Calculation of the illumination of the production room. Calculation of lumens per square meter for different rooms

In the evening, with the onset of twilight, and with an unsuccessful position of the windows during the day, you have to turn on the lamps, and the question arises, how to calculate room illumination to save on electricity and not sit in the dark.

How to calculate the illumination of the room correctly?

Comfort in the house is not only a pleasant microclimate, a pleasing interior and a crackling fireplace in the corner. Very great importance when creating comfort, it has the correct distribution of lamps in order to provide lighting that does not tire the eyes or soft twilight. IN big room zoning is possible with the help of light sources, in a small one it may be enough to distribute them according to height levels, for example: a floor lamp, a wall lamp and a chandelier. But, in any case, it is imperative to insert the most suitable light bulb in each device. You have to choose from ten various options so that it is not too bright or dim.

When choosing the optimal level of lighting in rooms, one should rely on such factors as the presence or absence of mirrors, the color scheme of the room, the color of the furniture (dark or light). Even the height of the ceilings when choosing bulbs for a chandelier will play a role. It should also be remembered that the lighting must correspond to the purpose of the room. In the bedroom the best option there will be subdued light in the office bright bulb will be needed only in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe desk, in the living room it is better to use different variants. Illumination power is usually taken per square meter, an example can be seen in the table below.

Generally accepted norms of illumination at the height of the ceiling of the room no more than 3 m

The simplest way to calculate the illumination of a room is to use the formula P = (p .S)/N, wherein p is the specific power, usually taken as 20 W/m2, S is the area of ​​the room, and N- the number of lamps. However, this formula will give only an approximate figure and will not reliably show the need to add or, conversely, reduce the brightness of the light. To begin with, the specific power for each room is different, and may vary depending on what type of light bulb is inserted into the socket. You can verify this by looking at the table.

What should be taken into account when calculating the required brightness of the lamps?

So, we have considered the simplest method for calculating the possible illumination power in a room. But, again, this is the total power. You can screw in 2 bulbs of 100 W or 4 bulbs of 50, distributing them with a wider front. What will change? The number of light sources. It is logical that by placing a two-arm and very bright chandelier in the center of the room, sitting with your back to it at the table, you will see your shadow on the work surface. And it's easy to guess that the placement of 4 lamps with a total power identical to the previous version in terms of different zones premises, including the working one, will give a much greater effect.

Before calculating the number of fixtures, you should take into account the height of the ceiling and work surface. Above is a table of room lighting standards for ceilings up to 3 meters. What if they are much higher? Then the same indicators should be multiplied by 1.5, and after 4 meters - by 2. Ideally, natural light sources should also be taken into account in calculations, that is, but it is hardly possible to recalculate the number of lumens penetrating through them. But for lamps, this is quite feasible if you use the table.

A source	Power (Watt)	Light flow (lumen) (F l)	Average service life (clock)
incandescent lamp warm White light	15 25 40 60 75 100	90 230 430 730 960 1380	1000
Halogen lamp 12V warm white light	20 35 50 75	340 670 1040 1280	2000 - 4000
Halogen lamp 220 V warm white light	100 150 200 300 400 500	1650 2600 3200 5000 6700 9500	2000 - 4000
Luminiscent lamp warm white light cold white light neutral white light	4 6 8 13 15 16 18 36 58	120 240 450 950 950 1250 1350 3350 5200	7500 - 8500
mercury lamp warm white light neutral white light	50 80 125 250 400	2000 4000 6500 14000 24000	8000 - 12000
sodium lamp yellow light	35 50 70 100 150 250 400	2000 3500 5600 9500 15500 30000 51500	8000 - 10000
metal halide lamp warm white light cold white light	39 75 150	3000 5100 12500	6000 - 9000

Therefore, we will not focus on external factors, but on the internal ones, that is, on the light of the lamps and its interaction with the finish. The matte finish of furniture and walls tends to absorb light rays, while the glossy finish, as you know, reflects them. It's the same with colors, darker ones require bright lighting and vice versa. The specific power from the above formula must be taken based on all the factors listed, and the following table will help with this.

room

Average power

direct lighting

mixed lighting

Indirect lighting

Room decoration

light

dark

light

dark

light

dark

For incandescent lamps

Hallway

Study, living room

Bedroom

Bathroom, kitchen

Pantry

Basement, attic

For fluorescent lamps

hallway, stairs

Bathroom, kitchen, living room

Storeroom, basement, attic

How to calculate the number of lamps per room?

So, we know the height of the ceiling, say, 3.2 meters, in the office we have a table 80 centimeters high. How to determine how many light sources are needed? It's no longer enough here simple method, and therefore we use more difficult option, which requires a number of formulas. And in addition to watts, you will have to operate with such units of measurement as lux and lumens. First of all, we calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room using the standard path S=a.b, where a And b- the length of the adjacent sides of the room. Let's say the required value is 12 m 2.

Next, you need to find out the coefficient of use lighting device, for which we need the room index and reflection coefficients various surfaces. The formula for obtaining the first indicator is as follows: φ=S/((h1 - h2) ∙ (a + b)). Two new variables are added here, h1 And h2, representing the height from the ceiling to the floor and from the ceiling to the illuminated work surface of the table. As for the coefficients, they depend on what material the surface is made of, what texture it has. Suitable values can be selected from the table.

The nature of the reflective surface	Reflection coefficient r, %
Surfaces made of materials with a high degree of reflectivity; white marble
Whitewashed ceiling; whitewashed walls with windows covered with white curtains; white faience tiles
Wallpaper white, cream, light yellow
Whitewashed walls with uncurtained windows; whitewashed ceiling in damp rooms; clean concrete and light wooden ceiling; light pine wood
wood plywood
Light oak tree
Concrete ceiling in dirty rooms; wooden ceiling; concrete walls with windows; walls covered with light wallpaper; gray surfaces
Wallpaper dark
Walls and ceilings in rooms with a lot of dark dust; continuous glazing without curtains; red brick not plastered; walls with dark wallpaper
Red brick
Window glass (thickness 1-2mm)

It is customary to take the reflection coefficients for the ceiling, walls and floor (they are converted to decimal fractions, that is, a value of 50 corresponds to 0.5). Based on them and the result of calculating the room index, it is not difficult to find another variable - the lighting use index. U, which we will need for further calculations. The next coefficient is determined by the tables, which differ significantly depending on the use of a particular brand of lamp. Let's take, for example, lamps with the KSS M type, that is, a wide range of illumination within 180 degrees of radiation of maximum brightness. This is just an ordinary household light bulb.

	U value, %
	With r ceiling = 0.7, r walls = 0.5, r floor = 0.3 and φ equal to:						With r ceiling = 0.7, r walls = 0.5, r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M	35	50	61	73	83	95	34	47	56	66	75	86
	With r ceiling = 0.7, r walls = 0.3, r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:						With r ceiling = 0.5, r walls = 0.5, r floor = 0.3 and φ equal to:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M	26	36	46	56	67	80	32	45	55	67	74	84
	With r ceiling = 0.5, r walls = 0.5, r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:						With r ceiling = 0.5, r walls = 0.3, r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M	31	43	53	63	72	80	23	36	45	56	65	75
	With r ceiling = 0.3, r walls = r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:						With r ceiling = r walls = r floor = 0.1 and φ equal to:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M	17	29	38	46	58	67	16	28	38	45	55	65

Learning the meaning U, then plug it into the formula N=(E∙S∙100∙K h)/(U∙n∙F l). In the numerator we have new variables: E is the minimum illuminance expressed in lux (lx), and K s- safety factor, taken into account based on the aging of light bulbs during operation. The latter is, in fact, a constant that can be found in SNiP, but on average this figure corresponds to 1.5 for fluorescent lamps and 1.3 for incandescent lamps. In the denominator we do not know n- the number of light sources in the electrical appliance and F l- the radiation of one lamp, expressed in lumes (lm). The value of the minimum illumination is calculated by the formula E \u003d F l /S. Using all the parameters given in the tables, as well as the results of secondary formulas, find the number of fixtures N the room is not difficult.

No matter how many light bulbs there are in the chandelier, it is not capable of shining throughout the room, darker areas will definitely remain somewhere, so it is wiser to distribute light sources throughout the room.

Despite all the achievements of our time, the sun provides us with the best lighting. It remains for us to achieve the indicator of natural light as close to the ideal as possible. Comfortable lighting in the house creates a favorable environment for creativity, for rest, for work. In addition, the wrong light can be detrimental to health. And in order to avoid adverse consequences, you need to approach this topic wisely.

When calculating the illumination of a room, the number of fixtures and lamps is taken into account, more precisely, the power of lighting objects is calculated. But do not forget that there are a number of some factors that affect the value of power.

In this article:

What factors should be taken into account when calculating

The most common circumstances that are taken into account when calculating. We have prepared them in the form of questions. So:

1. What is the room used for (children's room, kitchen, bathroom, office or other)?
2. What is the ceiling height?
3. What is the floor made of and what is its color scheme? It is also important to know what color furniture is in the room?
4. Are there mirrors in the room?

Now let's deal with each item separately. In order for the light in the room to be pleasant and not hurt your eyesight, it is necessary to calculate the lighting power based on the purpose of the room. So, the scheme of lamps used in the living room or kitchen is definitely not suitable for the bedroom. This is due to the fact that the bedroom will simply be too bright. Conversely, the light used in the bedroom will be too dim for the kitchen.

Ceiling height plays an important role. The standard ceiling height reaches 3 meters. If the ceiling is above this mark and reaches 4 meters, in the calculations all results are multiplied by 1.5. For ceilings whose height exceeds 4 meters, the results are multiplied by 2.

The color scheme of the room is also taken into account. A room dominated by a dark palette of colors will need more light sources. When counting, special indices are used. Only with their help can you correctly subtract the required number of watts.

Mirrors have the ability to reflect light. And so that the light reflected from the mirrors does not interfere with a comfortable stay in the room, they must be taken into account when calculating.

What should you know when calculating?

First, let's decide what method the calculation will be made. There are two methods:

Methods differ in formulas and certain norms. And their main difference from each other is the unit of measurement. In the first case, the unit of measurement is watts, in the second - lumens.

Calculation method for electric power

Although this method is used more often than the light method, it is nevertheless not the most accurate. Its popularity is due to the fact that it is quite simple to calculate. All you need to know is:

1. Room area;
2. Required power.

So, how many watts per square meter of lighting do you need? Let's start the calculation. The area is calculated according to the school formula. The area is equal to the product of two sides. Next, multiply the area by the number of watts required (20 watts is taken as a standard). The resulting number is considered the total power.

To calculate how many light bulbs you need, you need to divide the total power by the power indicator of the lamp itself.

For example: let's say the total power indicator is 300, and the bulbs used are 60 watts. 300/60=5 bulbs are needed for proper lighting.

Here are the wattages for incandescent lamps that we are all familiar with. This does not mean that users of more modern and economical lamps need more of them. It should be remembered that on the packaging of economical light bulbs, it is indicated what is the corresponding power in terms of incandescent lamps.

Luminous power calculation method

The calculation in lumens is certainly closer and more accurate, but for some reason it is not considered practical. Many refuse it because of its complexity. But if you delve into the essence, you will notice that its complexity lies in the units of measurement. The measurement is in lumens. That is, this method shows how much luminous flux will be per square meter.

The calculation follows the same principle as before. The area is taken, multiplied by the illumination we need, so we find out the power of the luminous flux given per square meter (however, now it is considered in lux). Further, to find out the total power, we multiply the area by the already known power of the luminous flux. The total output is now referred to as lumens. Now you can see for yourself that the method is complicated, only because the measurements are made in lumens and lux.

If the answer during the calculation is not equal to an integer, then it must be rounded to big side. So, if the answer is 4.6, then it is rounded off by 5. This is due to the fact that it is better to exceed the norm a little than to resort to additional lighting devices in the future.

The uniform arrangement of lighting fixtures around the perimeter has a positive effect on the quality of illumination. In such cases, take large quantity light bulbs, but less power.

As you have already noticed, even a fifth grader will cope with the calculations. But the main thing in this matter is to know all the factors that affect lighting. Thus, with the right approach and correct calculations, you can comfortably and pleasantly illuminate the house.

In order to be comfortable in the room at any time of the day, it is important to achieve not only high-quality natural, but also artificial lighting. It is difficult to compare with the quality of natural light, but you can still try. This requires knowing how to calculate the luminous flux.

Why calculate illumination?

Regardless of which lamp and lamp it uses, it is recommended to calculate the lighting separately for each room, taking into account the lamps, fixtures, color and type of finish used. Only by correctly placing the lighting fixtures in the right amount to achieve a harmonious effect. This is necessary for:

1. Comfortable stay in the room and life.
2. The work of the human visual apparatus, depending on the tasks performed by it.
3. Exceptions for decreased visual acuity.

The assessment process takes into account:

• Illumination is measured in lumens. This parameter is considered the most important, because it affects the value of the luminous flux that is distributed throughout the room.
• Brightness, the main meter is lux.
• Light intensity in candela.

Expert opinion

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in the repair, maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

Ask an expert

Important! The optimal illumination parameter is important for the state of human health. Lack or excess of light affects not only visual acuity, but also the psychological state. As a result, imbalance, disorder and general deterioration.

The difference between natural artificial lighting

The best lighting for human eyes is natural, that is, daytime, morning, evening, including what comes from the sun behind the clouds. The light from the lamps is artificial, it is formed as a result of transformation into electromagnetic radiation electrical energy. The key task of calculating the lighting of a room is the approximation of artificial light (regardless of the type of lamp used) to natural light.

Calculation methods

The required and sufficient luminous flux can be calculated using one of three methods:

1. Specific power. Used to evaluate general illumination. To calculate the total power, it is required to multiply the normative data (power density) by the area of ​​the room. In order to correctly determine the standard indicator, it is necessary to take into account: the type of lamps, the purpose of the room, the distribution of lamps on the wall and ceiling. At the same time, after the calculations, the configuration and lighting conditions that are convenient and comfortable for a person are determined.
2. Application coefficient. To begin with, the location of light sources is determined with an eye to the configuration of the room and the possibility of reflecting or absorbing light. The formula provides for the multiplication of the illumination standard by the area of ​​the room by the safety factor and by the min illumination factor. Divide all this by the number of fixtures multiplied by each other and.
3. Spot. This method is considered suitable for any room, it can be used to calculate light sources on the street. To obtain the results, the illumination is evaluated at individual points that are exposed to light. In this case, lighting fixtures can be placed anywhere. The assessment is carried out at key points for the user. This technique is especially relevant in rooms where on the walls dark finish and complex ceiling configuration.

These methods are not very complex in implementation, but there is still a much simpler way, it is presented below.

The choice of calculation method depends, among other things, on the type of lamps used

Simple Calculation Method

The proposed calculation option is more suitable for the premises correct form- square or rectangular. Illumination is measured in Lux (Lx), the calculation of the luminous flux parameter will consist of two stages:

1. Calculation of the continuous luminous flux required to illuminate a room with a certain quadrature.
2. Determination of the number of light sources.

At the first step, we calculate the required luminous flux parameter for the room. The calculation is made according to the formula:

Svp=X*Y*Z, where

X- normative indicator illumination for the room. You can find these standards in the list below.

Y is the area of ​​the room in m².

Z - correction factor taking into account the height of the ceilings. So, for ceilings up to 2.7 m high, this parameter = 1, for 2.7–3 - an indicator of 1.2, for rooms with a ceiling of 3–3.5 m - 1.5, for rooms over 3.5 - a coefficient of 2 .

Standards for rooms in the house:

1. Corridor, entrance hall - 50-75 Lx.
2. Pantry - 50 Lux.
3. Kitchen – 150 Lx.
4. Any living room - 150 Lux.
5. Children's - 200 Lux.
6. Bathroom - 50 Lk.
7. Study or library - 300 lx.
8. Staircase - 20 Lux.
9. Sauna, swimming pool - 100 Lx.

How much light you need depends on the purpose of the room

The second stage will help determine the number of light sources, in this case we take LED lamps. Approximate indicators by which you can navigate:

Examples

Initial data:

1. Children's room with an area of ​​25 sq. m.
2. Ceiling height - 3 m.
3. It is planned to use 8 watt lamps.

First step:

200(X)*25(Y)*1.2(Z)= 6000lm

The lamps that will be used are 10 W, their luminous flux, declared by the manufacturer, is 900 Lm. That is, the required amount is 6000/900=6.66. Rounding gives the number 7 lamps.

If you use lighting lamps with a lower power, for example, 4 W, place them around the perimeter of the room on the walls, then 13 light bulbs will be required. In this case, the distribution of light will be more uniform. It should also take into account the type of lamp used, its design and interior solution.

The quality of lighting for the nursery is especially important

Similar calculations can be carried out for incandescent and fluorescent lamps, the table will help in the calculations:

We calculate for the same room. Incandescent lamps need:

1. At 60 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, rounded up - 9 pcs.
2. At 75 W - 6000/900 = 6.66, rounded up - 7 pcs.
3. For 100 W - 6000/1200 = 5 pcs.

Fluorescent lamps:

• 10–12 W – 6000/400=15 pcs.
• 15–16 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, round 9 pcs.
• 18–20 W - 6000/900 \u003d 6.66, rounded up 7 pcs.

These calculations are based on the norms of the Soviet SNiPs, so experts recommend multiplying the result by a factor of 1.5–2, depending on the finish of the room and interior solutions.

Advice! In order not to count with your own hands, you can use special devices, for example, Cromatest. This device helps to measure the intensity of light. Another device is a light meter, the main component of which is a selenium photocell. You can also refer to specialized companies who will assist in the calculation for a certain fee.

The difference between the color temperatures of the lamps

What should be taken into account when calculating?

Before making any calculations, you should decide which lamp will be used. On the this moment available options lamps:

1. Incandescent.
2. Halogen.
3. Fluorescent: compact or linear.
4. LED: lamps, ribbons or spotlights. In the case of led strip the density of the LEDs is important. You can find out this parameter by examining the tape carefully.

The type of lighting device also has an impact, primarily on the dispersion of light, the place of use. Any of these light sources is characterized by parameters that can measure the luminous flux. Specifically:

• Power. This is the amount of energy that the lamp consumes, the unit of measurement is W.
• Light flow. As already mentioned this is the amount of light that is emitted.
• Housing heating - used for incandescent and halogen lamps.
• Color rendition. This setting includes: color temperature and tint. The first point is from red to blue (1800-16000 Kelvin). The shade for modern lamps is warm or cold. It is he who sets the overall perception of illumination.

Color rendering different types lamps:

1. Incandescent lamp - from 2200 to 3000 Kelvin (K).
2. Halogen - 3000 K.
3. Fluorescent lamp (warm light) - 3000K.
4. Fluorescent lamp (white light) - 3500 K.
5. Daytime Fluorescent Lamp- 5600–7000K.

Important! The lower the color temperature, the closer to red, the higher, the closer to blue.

Two more important parameters: luminous flux and luminous efficiency. The first is the amount of light that the lamp emits, the second is the ratio of luminous flux to power - lm / W, that is, how efficient and economical it is.

Formula for calculating luminous flux

When choosing a particular lamp and calculations, it is important to consider such factors:

• Lamp location. Options - ceiling or wall.
• Mounting height in case of wall mounting.
• The transparency of the shades and the presence decorative elements on them.
• Direction of light: up, down, sideways.
• The color of the walls, furniture: light reflect light, dark absorb.

Inaccuracies and errors: what are they connected with

Difficulties arise when, during a scheduled repair, one lamp is replaced with another, lamps are changed, a new finish is mounted on the ceiling and walls. All this affects the calculations. the main problem– surface reflection coefficient is not taken into account. The decrease in luminous flux is affected by:

1. Darker wallpapers.
2. Laminate, linoleum shade darker than it was before.
3. Hanging or stretch ceiling, its type and reflectivity.

All these points relate to general lighting, since locally, for example, there is enough light in the working area at the desk. This is understandable, because in such areas separate lighting devices are most often mounted.

In order not to be mistaken, you should keep in mind what reflectance each color has. Thus, white surfaces reflect 70%, other light surfaces reflect 50%, gray surfaces reflect 30%, and black surfaces reflect 0%.

Often, when calculating, SNiPs are taken as a guideline, but do not forget that they were developed back in Soviet times. To begin with, at that moment there was no contemporary sources light, the second point - there was no special concern for the comfort of staying in the room and the condition of the eyes.

Remember, if there are a lot of lamps, then you can reduce their number, especially if you mount your own switch for each lighting group.

Output

Calculating the luminous flux is not difficult, but it is important to take into account many points: the type of lamp, the color of the ceiling, walls, floor, even the shade of the furniture. It is important to remember that it is better to have more lights to control than to save money.

The calculation of room illumination given in this article is based on a simplified method of approximate calculation. This method is used by designers and architects when determining the necessary illumination in non-specific cases. It gives indicative information and ordinary buyers can be guided by it when evaluating the necessary lighting fixture.

The calculation of the illumination of the room by this method is based on the tables below. It should be noted that the tables contain the illumination values ​​for the entire room as a whole. In some cases, calculation of special local lighting is required (office, work zone kitchens).

The table shows the generally accepted standards of illumination at the height of the ceiling of the room no more than 3 m.

The indicated power in watts (W) refers to the power consumption of a conventional incandescent lamp, for other types of lamps, correction factors are indicated in the second table.

For rate required amount lamps, it is enough for you to multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe illuminated room (m²) by the number of W in the row of the table.

For ceiling heights over 3 meters, the calculated power consumption must be multiplied by 1.5 (minimum).

Evaluate the light output of a lamp in watts not quite correct, in this table such a value is indicated due to its wide distribution.

Do you know what are the sources that should be taken into account in the calculation of illumination? You can learn all about them from our article.

Here you can also get acquainted with the premises various types. Try to figure out what standards are defined for the premises in which you live?

Correspondence of illumination from the type of lamps

We illuminate a study of 30 m² with a ceiling height of 2.6 meters. We find the total illumination in the first table and take it as 17 W / m². Thus, we need incandescent lamps with a total power consumption of 510 watts.

That is, approximately a lamp or lamps for 5 lamps with a power of 100 W each is required.

If these are not incandescent lamps, we correct the calculation. To do this, you can go two ways:

1. We divide the total power consumption by 1.5 and get 340 watts. For example, it can be 7 50W halogen lamps.
2. This option is more applicable when you are tied to the number of lamps. For 510 W, 8 incandescent lamps are also suitable, given the correction factor, you can take 8 40 W halogen lamps or 8 energy-saving 11 W lamps.

Thus, in the room you can install one chandelier with 5 horns, one sconce with two lamps and one floor lamp.

But did you know that you can adjust the illumination of a living space by setting. Read about it in our article.

Please note that we also have an overview of the application for indoor lighting.

For a more accurate calculation, the color of the room decoration should be taken into account.

When the furniture and walls of rooms are dark tones with a matte surface character, the amount of incoming light must be taken into account with a margin.

See the table below for more details.

room	Average illumination	direct lighting				mixed lighting				Indirect lighting
		Room decoration
		light		dark		light		dark		light		dark
		BUT	B	BUT	B	BUT	B	BUT	B	BUT	B	BUT	B
For incandescent lamps
Hallway	60	10	16	12	20	11	20	14	24	12	24	10	32
Cabinet	250	42	70	50	83	42	83	60	100	50	100	70	140
Bedroom	120	20	32	24	40	20	40	28	40	20	48	32	64
Bathroom, kitchen	250	42	70	50	83	42	83	60	100	50	100	70	140
Utility room, pantry	60	10	16	12	20	11	20	14	24	12	24	16	32
Basement, attic	60	10	16	12	20	11	90	14	24	12	24	16	32
For fluorescent lamps
hallway, stairs	60	3	5	4	6	3.5	6	4.5	7.5	4	7.5	5	10
Bathroom, kitchen	250	13	21	17	25	15	25	19	31	17	31	21	42
Utility room, pantry, basement, attic	60	3	5	4	6	3.5	6	4.5	7.5	4	7.5	5	10

It should be remembered that different lamps and fixtures, due to their design, can give different light fluxes, intensity, brightness. The main lighting is not always able to evenly illuminate the entire room, that is, individual parts of the room may be darker.
To achieve more uniform illumination, use additional sources lights in the form of floor lamps, sconces, etc.

For basic lighting, it is better to use chandeliers and ceiling lights, which have shades of frosted or opal glass. Light, passing through such a surface, will be more scattered, i.e. soft. Such a light source will be able to more evenly illuminate the entire space of the room.

For a more accurate calculation of the luminosity of a room, use SNIPs(building regulations).

When planning repairs in an apartment, it is necessary to determine the quality of light in it. It is important not only to choose the type of lamps used, but also to solve the issue of lighting intensity. To do this, you need to make small calculations. They are not too complicated, but will help to estimate the required number of light bulb points and their power.

Easy way to calculate

First, you need to understand that good lighting creates a favorable microclimate in the room and does not harm health.

Secondly, a lack of light can lead to tension in the optic nerve, feeling unwell, irritable or tired.

Thirdly, the ideal option is sunlight. Therefore, artificial lighting should be close to these parameters.

Fourth, there are many important factors to be taken into account:

• room area and ceiling height;
• type of room;
• floor, wall and ceiling finishing;
• the presence of reflective surfaces, etc.

by the most in a simple way calculation is the calculation of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the approximate power of the light bulb per 1 sq. m. The norm of lighting for a person is not taken into account here, just as the features of the color design of the interior are not considered.

To calculate, you need to determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and multiply by the power factor of the lamp. The last indicator is determined by the type of room. For the living room it will be 10-35 W, for the kitchen 12-40 W. When creating a lighting system in the bathroom, 10-30 W are taken into account, and in the bedroom 10-20 W.

These standards are very approximate. They are taken for ordinary incandescent lamps. If you plan to install another type, such as LED, then you need to consider the power ratio of these types.

Suppose that incandescent lamps are installed in a bedroom with an area of ​​​​16 square meters. m. Residents prefer not too bright, medium light. Then the required total power of the fixtures will be equal to 16 sq. mx15 W = 240 W. This means that you will need to install 4 60 W light bulbs or the same number of 6-8 W LED counterparts.

Simplified calculation in lumens

According to this method, it is necessary to calculate the luminous flux depending on the norm of illumination and area. To do this, you need to multiply the illumination in lux by the area and by the correction factor for the height of the ceiling. For standard height overlap of 2.7 m, the correction factor will be one.

For other values, its value will increase:

• 1.2 for ceilings 2.7-3 m;
• 1.5 at a height of 3-3.5 m;
• 2 for an indicator of 3.5-4 m.

Then, for the selected type of room, you need to choose the rate in lux. These parameters can be found in the photo how to calculate lighting according to SNiP. For example, for living rooms and a kitchen, it is 150 Lx, for a nursery - 200 Lx, in the corridor and hall 50-75 Lx, and in the bathroom and shower room - 50 Lx. Then, for example, for our bedroom with a ceiling height of 2.6 m (the correction factor is 1), the luminous flux will be 16x150x1 = 2400 Lm.

If we take the luminous flux depending on the type of lamps, then we can estimate the required power of the luminaires. For example, a conventional 40 W incandescent lamp gives a flux of about 450 Lm.

The same flow is provided by a four or five-watt ice lamp. Therefore, if we plan to install 5-watt LED lamps, we will need 2400/450 = 5.33 of them. Rounded, this will be 5 units, although in order to ensure a margin of lighting quality, many recommend rounding up, recommending up to 6 light bulbs. Or you can take 3 lamps for 6-8 watts.

Extended Calculation Method

This instruction for calculating lighting assumes the need to use not only the parameters of standard illumination, but also the characteristics of the room itself and possible distortions.

Compute Model

To calculate, you need to sequentially calculate two quantities:

• The product of the norm of illumination by the area, the safety factor and the correction parameter.
• The product of the number of proposed luminaires by the number of lamps in each and the level of flux usage.

The final parameter is calculated by dividing the first value by the second.

Definition of initial parameters

To calculate desired value the initial characteristics of the room should be consistently determined. They will let you know what to consider when calculating lighting.

Illumination standard. This indicator is calculated similarly to the previous method, depending on the type and purpose of the room. For a bedroom, it will be equal to 150 Lx, and for a nursery - 200 Lx.

The area of ​​​​the room is calculated in the standard way by multiplying the length by the width of the room.

The safety factor takes into account the level of dust in the room and the drop in luminous flux during the use of lamps. For a normal situation, this parameter for incandescent lamps is taken equal to 1.1, and for LEDs - one.

It is desirable to set the non-uniformity coefficient for those rooms where lighting above the minimum level is required. For example, this is important for an office or nursery, where residents will often read or do their homework. For incandescent lamps and DRL, this parameter is 1.15, and for led lamps - 1.1.

There can be several lamps in the room, which will be used for simultaneous switching on. But often the central light is provided by a single chandelier. In this case, the parameter is taken equal to one.

More complex calculations will be required to determine the level of use of the light flux. First you need to calculate the index of the room as the ratio of the area to the sum of the length and width of the room, multiplied by the height from the floor to the suspension. For example, in our bedroom 16 square meters. m to the chandelier, the height is 2.3 m. Then the index will be 16 / ((4 + 4) x2.3) = 0.87.

Then it is required to take into account the reflection coefficients for surfaces different color. So, for white walls, ceiling and floor, the parameter is taken as 70%, for light - 30%, for gray shades - 30%.

If the surfaces are dark, then 10% is taken, and 0% is set for black. When the ceiling in the bedroom is white, the walls are covered with light beige wallpaper, and the linoleum on the floor is gray, then the reflection coefficients will be equal to 70%, 50% and 30%, respectively.

Depending on the design lamp, you need to choose the desired reflection coefficient. According to the tables given in the regulatory sources, you can find out that for a chandelier with a uniform distribution of light, the light flux utilization factor will be approximately equal to 0.51.

If there are 5 bulbs in the carob chandelier, then the desired calculation of artificial lighting for the premises will be (150x16x1x1.1) / (1x0.51x5) = 1035 Lm. Therefore, a light bulb with a given luminous flux indicator will need to be screwed into the chandelier. Therefore, you can choose 5 led bulbs with a unit power of 9-13 watts. To avoid excessive bright lighting you can limit yourself to a bedroom with a minimum power of 9 watts.

Norms and indicators calculated on them will help you create optimal conditions in room. Of course, you can turn up the light or create a subdued light as you see fit. But the approaches discussed will provide you with a reasonable starting point.

Photo instruction how to calculate lighting