Autonomous water supply of the cottage from the well. Hot water supply of a private house

Do you want to secure your water supply? country house on your own? Agree that doing this work with your own hands is quite a feasible task if you know the nuances of the device of the water supply system.

We will help you deal with the subtleties and basic rules - in this article we will talk about how to equip a water pipe in a private house with our own hands. Where to start and how to carry out all the work correctly.

For a better understanding of the process, we have selected visual photos and plumbing plans. Also, the article is supplemented with useful video recommendations on the rules for water supply and tips on installing system input nodes in a country house.

Regardless of whether water supply is being installed in an inhabited building or laid during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.

First of all, you need to decide on the source for the water supply. You need to know that according to the norms, the plumbing system should provide water to each of the residents of the house based on the calculation of 30-50 liters per person per day.

When arranging a bathroom and sewerage, the calculated indicator increases three times. For watering the garden and green spaces, a water consumption of at least 5 liters per square meter is assumed. meter.

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It turns out that the volume of water consumption of a country house is quite large. Therefore, the choice of water source must be approached as responsibly as possible.

The owner can choose between decentralized and centralized water supply. In the first option, the source of water supply will be, etc. In the second, there is a water supply network that feeds his settlement.

Collector scheme of breeding water supply

The main difference from parallel wiring consists in the presence of a special distribution unit - a collector, from which a separate pipeline is laid to each consumer. This makes it possible to supply water to all taps with the same pressure.

Depending on the length of the system, it may include several collectors. Main disadvantage such a system - a large consumption of pipes.

A typical plumbing scheme looks something like this. It starts either from the point of insertion into a centralized main, or from the site of connecting the system to a well or other source of water supply.

In the latter case, a pump or pumping station must be installed here, supplying water to the system. It also assumes the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a shut-off valve, which is used in case of a leak or scheduled repairs.

If necessary, divide the flow of water, use a tee. It will form two streams: one will be used for technical needs, such as watering the garden, pool, shower, etc., and the second will be sent to the house.

The pipe that drains water into the house must be equipped with a filtration system to purify the liquid from all kinds of impurities.

At this stage, coarse filters will be quite enough.

The collector is a distribution node in which the general flow is divided into several branches

Next, on the pipe entering the house, you will need to install another tee. This is done only if the organization of hot water is supposed to be. The flow will be divided into cold and heated water.

The cold water supply pipe is connected to the appropriate collector, from which the wiring is carried out further through the building. The hot pipeline is first connected to the water heater, then to the corresponding collector, and then - similarly to the first option.

When designing wiring, experts strongly recommend minimizing the length of pipelines as much as possible and minimizing the number of joints and bends. After all, they are the potential causes of leaks.

In addition, it is highly undesirable to perform pipe turns at right angles. This significantly reduces the pressure in the line.

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Plumbing can be laid hidden or open way. The first one is the most aesthetic. He assumes that the pipes will be laid in strobes laid inside the walls or closed with decorative boxes.

In this case, it is important that the material from which the parts are made is not subject to corrosion, since it will be extremely problematic to notice a leak in time. Pipes mounted in an open way are laid over the walls.

Stages of plumbing installation

When laying water pipes on your own in a private house, experts recommend following several rules and adhering to a specific action plan. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Stage #1. Preparation for work

First of all, it is better to start laying the pipeline from the water consumer, and not vice versa. It will be easier. First, using an adapter to connect threaded type we fix the water pipe to the consumer.

It is advisable to install a shut-off ball valve between the adapter and the device. It will make it possible, if necessary, to quickly shut off the water supply or repair a broken device without any problems. From the water consumer, the pipe is diverted to the collector.

Also, when performing wiring, you need to follow a few simple rules:

1. Pipes should be placed at a distance of about 20 mm from the wall, so it will be easier to repair them.
2. It is highly undesirable to lay pipes so that they pass through partitions or walls. If it is still necessary, the parts are placed in a special glass.
3. Clips are used to fasten to the walls. They must be present every one and a half to two meters and at all corner joints.
4. If it is planned to install drain taps, the pipe is laid with a slight slope towards it.
5. When performing a bypass inner corner the part is placed at a distance of 30-40 mm from the wall, while bypassing the outer one - 15 mm.

Before making a connection to the manifold, it is strongly recommended to install a stop valves. This will allow you to quickly disconnect the branch from the system in case of an emergency, as well as repair it without any problems.

Water pipes can be laid in a hidden way inside the gates made in the wall of the building. The hidden laying method is most often used to implement collector wiring.

Stage #2. Pipe selection

The parts from which the plumbing system is assembled must be inert to chemical and thermal effects, durable, wear-resistant and, if possible, light.

That is why polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes are most often chosen for arranging the system in a country house. When choosing, you need to take into account the operating temperature of plastics, not everyone can interact with hot water.

Modern plastic parts are equipped with big amount components, which allows you to assemble a design of any degree of complexity

Alternatively, you can use . There are many arguments in favor of assembling a water pipe from plastic elements. First of all, the design is light, but at the same time durable.

Installation of the system is so simple that even a beginner can handle it. Soldering is used to fasten the parts, resulting in very strong, almost monolithic connections.

Another plus is the possibility of bending the elements, which can significantly reduce the number of dangerous sections in the sense of an emergency. Where it is necessary to connect metal and plastic elements, special combined type fittings with special metal inserts are used.

Plastic parts have high torsional rigidity. This is very important for cases where the pump develops a large torque.

If necessary, the plastic pipeline can be upgraded, which is also important. In addition to plastic and metal-plastic, traditional options can be used. These include details or .

The main disadvantage of the first option is the susceptibility to corrosion. Copper pipes have many advantages, but their cost is very high.

An important point is the choice of the diameter of the parts. It is carried out on the basis of the length of a particular section of the pipeline.

For lines longer than 30 m, parts with a diameter of 32 mm are selected, pipelines shorter than 10 m are assembled from elements with a cross section of 20 mm. Lines of medium length are mounted from pipes with a diameter of 25 mm.

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Stage #3. Connection of a pumping station

Another important issue that must be considered when installing a water supply system in a country house is this.

It has already been said above that a pumping station or pressure tank can be used to provide the building with enough water. Using the second option is quite troublesome. As practice shows, most homeowners choose pumping station.

The device pumps water from a well, less often from a well. This equipment is sensitive to low temperatures, so it is placed in the basement, basement or heated technical room.

True, in this case, the noise from a running pump can interfere with residents. In some cases, the equipment is placed in a specially equipped caisson that closes.

The pumping station is a set of equipment that ensures the full pumping of water from a well or from a well

Works on connection of the pumping station in in general terms are carried out as follows. From the source to the equipment comes a pipe, on which a brass fitting is put on, equipped with an adapter with a diameter of 32 mm.

A tee equipped with a drain cock is connected to it. This will make it possible to turn off the water supply if necessary. Connected to the tee check valve. The device will not allow water to return to the well.

It may be necessary to make a turn in the line to direct the pipe to the pumping station. If so, a special corner is used. All subsequent elements are connected using the so-called "American".

First, a shut-off ball valve is connected, which turns off the water supply if necessary. Then a coarse filter is installed, which will protect the device from impurities.

The pumping station can be installed in an insulated caisson above the head of the well, or it can be mounted in a house, in any heated room

After that, the pumping station is connected. There is a nuance here. The equipment involves the installation of a damper tank and. If the pump is in the well, and all other equipment is located in the house, then the pressure switch is installed on top of the pipe.

A damper tank is mounted below. After that, the dry running sensor is connected. It will not allow the pump to work without water, it will save it from breakage.

The last connection element is an adapter for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. After all the details are installed, it is recommended to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, start the pump and let it run for a while.

If the equipment will regularly pump water, then everything is fine and you can continue to work. If not, you need to find the cause and eliminate it.

Stage #4. Installing a hydraulic accumulator

Stage #5. Installation of water treatment equipment

Water treatment is also not included. mandatory elements plumbing. However, practice shows that most homeowners install such equipment. It is especially necessary for those who use a well or a well as a source of water.

The quality of such water is usually far from ideal. The fluid coming from the well is in most cases contaminated with mechanical impurities.

Therefore, at least coarse filters should be installed. To fully protect plumbing system and connected to it Appliances, it is necessary to accurately determine the nature of the impurities and chemical composition water coming from a well.

To do this, samples are taken to the laboratory and obtained, which will show which filters are needed for this system.

Water treatment equipment is installed after the accumulator. It is a set of filters selected based on the results of the analysis of the water entering the house.

Combined devices can be installed here, which include several filters at once.

However, it makes no sense to install fine filters and reverse osmosis here. Such equipment is installed only in the kitchen to purify a small amount of water that will be used for drinking and cooking.

Plumbing in a private building, whether it is a summer house or a full-fledged residential building, is necessary. Moreover, you can design and assemble the system yourself. At the same time, it is important to listen to the advice of specialists and not deviate from the instructions.

If it seems too complicated, you can trust the work construction company. Professionals will quickly and efficiently perform all the necessary work, and the owner will only have to accept the finished structure into operation.

If your experience with home plumbing differs from the installation rules outlined here, please leave your comments below the article.

Water is the most important source of human life. On the other hand, such an engineering system as water supply is one of the first conditions for a comfortable life of households, regardless of whether they live in the "urban jungle" or outside the city. The owners of modern cottages are familiar firsthand with the problem of water supply. This issue, regardless of its problematic, needs to be addressed at the stage of building a house. And we will tell you how to do it.

Calculation of the water supply of the cottage

A person needs only 3 liters per day drinking water, however, he uses much more for household purposes - 120-250 liters. This is in particular the consumption during the operation of the washing machine and dishwasher, when washing dishes and cooking. Another 50-60 liters will go to the morning shower, and for taking a bath, you can immediately write off 200 liters from the balance. In addition, 50-70 liters are required for flushing waste products. Do you know that water consumption in the house, based on the calculation per person, comes to about 200-250 liters?

The family, which consists of four people, uses about 1 cubic meter of water per day in urban conditions. If we talk about the water supply system country cottage, then feel free to multiply the indicated number by 5. If someone believes that water costs are high only within civilization, and outside the city he can get by with a smaller volume, he is greatly mistaken.

In a modern cottage, as in the city, a washing machine and a dishwasher are used, there is a shower, a jacuzzi, and a sauna, which also requires water supply, and sometimes even a huge pool. In addition, water supply is added to the above water costs. ornamental pond or fountain, watering the garden, lawn and greenhouses with flower beds, washing pets and cars. Thus, based on the calculation of the water supply of the cottage, the daily water consumption can reach 5 cubic meters.

Cottage water supply options

The water supply of a modern cottage is solved in two ways, therefore, first of all, you need to choose between centralized and autonomous water supply. Centralized water supply is carried out using a central water supply and a water tower or pumping station. But I want to immediately warn you, if you take this step (central heating), then be prepared for weak pressure and persistent water scarcity, frequent water cuts, chlorinated water, and high monthly water bills.

Since your comfort depends on the constant and uninterrupted operation of a washing machine and dishwasher, a shower and other benefits of civilization, it is better to think about autonomous water supply, which is done in three ways: using a well on your site, a private sand well or a private artesian well for water.

Unfortunately, the hydrogeology of our country is such that it is not possible to organize water supply from a well in any area, since not everywhere there are water horizons within close reach during manual digging. Due to man-made pollution of surface water in a place of dense private development, the quality of water in wells will be such that it is only suitable for watering a flower bed. And, to be honest, the traditional methods of water supply to the cottage with the help of a well and a hose are no longer relevant in modern conditions.

The independent water supply system of the cottage must be reliable and efficient, as well as allowing you to save money without compromising comfort. If you have a large cottage, it is wiser to install water supply from an artesian well, since interstratal waters will not be excised even in extreme heat, and the quality of water from a well is much higher than from a well.

In addition, the so-called human factor. The well is drilled mechanically with a special drilling rig, the well is dug by hand, so it is not known how to dig it out. This source is able to provide water to your family in unlimited quantities within its own performance - about 3 cubic meters per hour. This amount of water is enough for domestic use, watering the site and lawn, filling the pool and pond.

Water supply at home from an artesian well is the most long-term solution to the problem as a whole, you will provide yourself with water for life. You should not be embarrassed by the high price of the water supply of the cottage, since, having spent it once, you will use water for a long period (more than 50 years), and the application polymer technologies will extend the useful life of an artesian well up to 100 years. But there is one drawback of such water supply - if the wells are inactive, they can silt up, but this does not threaten us, we live in a cottage year-round.

Do-it-yourself cottage water supply

The installation of a cottage water supply system includes the installation of its individual components, such as automated pumping stations that supply water, a hydraulic accumulator, external water supply networks, metering and input units, internal water supply, water purification systems, and water heating equipment that regulates the pressure of the station.

Drilling a well "for limestone"

When watering the cottage with your own hands, pay the main attention to designing a well, the water from which will be pumped out using submersible pump. As part of the drafting of the cottage water supply project, calculate the approximate volume of water, specify the location of the aquifer and determine the diameter and depth of the column. For the water supply of the cottage, it is better to drill a well “on limestone” (up to 100 meters), since a well “on sand” has a limited period of use (up to 15 years).

The diameter of the well "for limestone" reaches 300 millimeters, and the productivity is about 100 cubic meters at one o'clock. Also, when designing an artesian well, it is recommended to do a water analysis to optimize the use of filters and other water treatment equipment.

To drill an artesian well on your site, it is recommended to contact the drilling company of the city, as this is quite hard work. The cost of drilling one meter of soil will be approximately 1500 - 2000 rubles. Before signing a drilling contract, it is imperative to clarify whether this organization issues passports for wells, which indicate all required characteristics wells (height and depth of the mirror, debit).

For the possibility of all-weather operation of an artesian well, it must be supplemented with a caisson, which will protect it from the cold. Visually, it is a tank with a lid that is welded to the casing. The caisson is able to provide constant positive temperatures in the area of ​​the wellhead due to deepening below the freezing depth. The high tightness of this design will protect the well from sources of external pollution. Application for this purpose concrete rings it is better not to practice, so as not to puzzle over a reliable solution to the problem of sealing the structure.

Arrangement of an artesian well

Work on the arrangement of the well can be done independently. This concerns the connection of the necessary equipment - immersion of the pump, piping of the well, connection of automation. When choosing a pump for uninterrupted water supply to the house, remember that water is supplied from a well by a submersible model, and from a well by a surface pump. Although these two systems are identical in terms of their terms ( pumping unit, pipeline and water supply control systems), it is undesirable to do the opposite!

You can choose a submersible pump for the water supply of a cottage from a huge number of varieties of pumps. The most popular today are the German pumps from the manufacturer Grundfos, and the Italian company Water Technics Inc has also proven itself well. Having decided on the manufacturer, you need to choose the pump model. For this, calculate the performance and the maximum possible head of the pump.

The main function of the accumulator is to maintain constant pressure in the cottage water supply system and reduce the load on the pump. They differ only in the amount of water they hold. There are hydraulic tanks with a volume of 10 - 1000 liters. If the cottage is small for 3-5 taps, one bath and one toilet, then it is best to choose a 50-100 liter hydraulic tank. If you plan to equip a pool at home and build fountains on the site, then you should invest in a large hydraulic accumulator.

The final stage of well development is the installation and configuration of automation systems. Such systems include a pressure switch and a control panel. The pressure switch is necessary to set the maximum and minimum pressure levels in the system. The remote control controls the automation, that is, turning the pump on and off, the operation of the thermal relay sensor, the dry run sensor and the pressure switch.

Even when installing the simplest cottage water supply system, it is recommended to use main filters for fine water purification. Great importance has a special cable for drinking water for connecting the pump and a stainless steel cable. Since all artesian well equipment takes up a lot of space, it needs weather protection, care and maintenance, so you need to arrange special room, which is commonly called "pumping", based on its main purpose.

Yard line installation

After you have drilled and equipped the well, the question arises of ensuring the supply of water from the well to the cottage, for which they make the wiring of the water supply system to the cottage, along the adjacent territory and auxiliary buildings. The water supply of a modern cottage is distributed to such premises: a bathroom and a bathroom, a kitchen, a sauna, a utility block, greenhouses, etc., where water supply is required.

Previously, a whole list of problems was associated with the issue of water supply to the cottage, since there were only metal pipes, which had many disadvantages. Metal pipes are susceptible to corrosion, and there is also a risk of freezing during the cold months. If corrosion occurs, the integrity of the pipe will be violated, leaks will occur, and pressure will also decrease. In addition, as a result of freezing, the pipe can burst from the inside due to ice.

But modern technologies avoid these dangers. As you know, plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion, they also do not burst in case of freezing, which gives them tangible advantages over metal ones. The high plasticity of the plastic pipe can significantly reduce the number of connections in the cottage water supply system, which reduces the time for laying the pipeline.

For all-season use of water in your home, including the winter season, it is recommended to lay the pipeline from the well to the cottage below the freezing depth, since such pipes can deform during freezing, which can affect the pump's serviceability. Therefore, attention should be paid to the insulation of the outer part of the water supply, and for laying pipes it is necessary to dig trenches, which has a depth of 1.6 meters. Also gained popularity in recent years plastic pipes, which have a heat-insulating coating.

In addition, there is the possibility of completing pipes with a heating cable, because even a pipeline laid in accordance with all the rules at a depth of two meters using pipe insulation cannot guarantee that water in the pipe will not freeze in very coldy. By the way, most often the water freezes in that part of the pipeline where it passes directly through the foundation of the cottage and rises through the unheated underground into the dwelling.

A self-regulating heating cable is able to maintain the temperature of the water in the pipeline at the proper level. If the cottage does not have a heated basement floor, it is necessary to use a heating cable! In addition, electricity consumption will be minimal - an average of 16 W / m. The price of the heating cable, together with the termination of the ends and the plug, will be approximately 330-350 rubles per meter.

It is necessary to select the diameter of the pipes, taking into account the volume of water intake from the source and the standards of SNiPs. The most common are pipelines, which differ in a flow rate of 0.03 - 0.12 cubic meters per second and an outer diameter of the pipe from 32 to 63 centimeters. Entering the pipeline into the cottage is best done through the basement. Also at this stage, you need to install sewer pipes from the main sewer line to the foundation of the cottage.

Domestic water supply network

Before proceeding with the installation of a water supply system indoors, it is necessary to develop a water supply scheme for the cottage inside the housing, which in most cases consists of such components as plumbing, pipelines, faucets, appliances for heating water and creating hot water supply, shut-off and control valves, as well as distributing net.

Water supply pipes are recommended to be laid below electrical wires and gas supply pipes, hot water pipes must always be higher than cold pipes. It is customary to lay pipes in a floor screed, sometimes in a wall, and the distributor is installed in a special cabinet. The connection between the point of consumption and the distributor is made from one piece of pipe. The possibility of leaks is thereby reduced to a minimum.

The pipes must be protected from mechanical damage, so that the sections that are laid in the floor should be placed in a protective pipe. The passage of pipes through ceilings and walls must be carried out in protective sleeves. If such pipes lead from a garage or boiler room, then these connections must be taken gas-tight.

Shut-off valves are required in the water supply system of the cottage. It is recommended that each washbasin, sink, shower, bath or group of these appliances have separate valves - for example, one for appliances installed in the kitchen and another for appliances in the bathroom. Thanks to this, when replacing a faucet or gasket, it will not be necessary to drain water from the entire water supply system of the cottage.

In the water supply system of the cottage, immediately after the pump or water meter, it is necessary to install a mechanical strainer. The device is able to “catch” large solid particles: rust or sand, thanks to which mixers, filters and other installations that are mounted in the system will be protected internal water supply. The performance of the filter should correspond to the total volume of water that flows through the system.

Filters can capture particles of various diameters. It is better to choose an apparatus that traps particles larger than 90 µm. Filters with a higher mesh size, which trap finer contaminants, create too much resistance to the flow of water. At times, the water supply system of the cottage also requires the installation of filters that prepare the water, this will depend on its quality.

Most often, water that is extracted from a greater depth from under layers that do not let water through contains a lot of magnesium, manganese, lime and iron. If desired, you can install a high-tech water treatment system, which is based on the ion-exchange process and membrane technologies. Such purification schemes are a complex system, where various equipment is structurally assembled in the form of a single module, which provides a complete integrated water purification and disinfection.

Also on this stage it is necessary to install an internal sewage system that collects drains from each plumbing fixture. These are sinks, sinks, toilets, installation points for dishwashers and washing machines, floor drains, showers and bathtubs.

Hot water supply of the cottage

Of course, to increase the comfort of life, hot water supply to the cottage is required. hot water modern cottage can be supplied from the boiler, but in this case a separate heating circuit is required, or from a water heater. But the main energy used to heat water is electricity, but solid fuel(coal and firewood) is practically not used today, alternative sources, for example, solar collectors are dynamically developing in our time, but widespread have not received it yet.

Water heating equipment can be storage or flow type, according to the method of location, it is divided into floor and wall. Principle of operation instantaneous water heater lies in the fact that the water that passes through the body is heated. Flow equipment also includes electric water heaters that heat water using an uninsulated spiral or heating element.

Water heaters electric type can be non-pressure for one point of water intake and pressure - connected to several points of water intake, with electric or hydraulic control. It is economically and practically more expedient to include two different water heaters in the hot water supply system in order to save on energy and uninterrupted use of hot water.

Thus, the water supply of the cottage is an important issue even at the construction stage. The main factors that determine the cost of installing a water supply for a cottage or country house are: the amount of water that is required to meet the needs of the homeowner, his family and household, the conditions for using the water supply system and the parameters of the well for water.

It must be said that this work represents a certain complexity, therefore, only specialized specialists should perform such service. Customer Service"Complex of ideas" will offer you high quality works and affordable prices. We will be able to plan the maintenance work of the water supply system and the performance of maintenance as efficiently and quickly as possible.

To solve your problem, you can call a specialist. Fill out the form, briefly describe your problem and we will call you back for a consultation.

Customer Reviews

22.11.2017

Many thanks to Denis and Ivan for help with the repair heating system at the dacha SNT Sokol. Everything was done quickly, competently and accurately. It is a pity that they did not immediately contact the "Complex of Ideas". Happy to help "Complex of ideas" in the future, because it is clear that people know their business and can solve problems that arise during the operation of suburban housing.

07.07.2017

In the summer, as a preventive measure, I wanted to flush the heating system. I called a dozen companies, spent a week - either the price is high, or they do not inspire confidence, or some other restrictions. Some said that they would wash for 3 days, removing all the batteries in the house - 50 thousand more were announced.
My wife went on the Internet from her phone and immediately found the site complex-ideas.ru, called, invited. The next day they arrived and in one day they did everything with the help of some special compressor + chemistry. Fast,…

11.02.2017

I thank the employees of the company "Complex of ideas" for the work done. Really saved in the New Year!

09.01.2017

At the beginning of January 2017, it was very cold in the Moscow region and our gas boiler went out and we could not start it. Before that, he periodically "clapped" and "clicked", but we did not attach any importance to this. And then ... New Year, the whole family is in the country, and the boiler is broken. It's good that the experts "Complex of Ideas" came and solved our problem. Almost freezing :)

I recommend to everyone! The phone numbers of the masters were written with a marker directly on the boiler.

22.09.2016

I want to write a review about the work of an employee of the Complex of Ideas company. When the cold came, there was a problem with the heating boiler in a country house - the error was written by Error, I don’t remember which number. On the phone, they found the very first site on the Internet, called. They came, fixed it, took quite a bit of money. Very prompt, courteous and left only pleasant impressions. It seems the worker's name was Vadim or Vlad - I don't remember exactly =)

07.05.2016

I spent the whole weekend trying to connect a boiler in the country to heat water ... I went to the market 3 times for additional details, rummaged through the entire Internet - I just can’t do it. That does not turn on, then it flows, then something else. I found this site on the Internet, called - they arrived and did in 50 minutes what it took me 2 days to do! I should have called right away. Rest would be better. IN next time I will do so!

16.03.2016

I express my gratitude to the specialist Victor from "Complex of ideas"! He came, fixed our gas boiler, replaced something there - voila, everything worked. I wouldn't have been able to do it myself.

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Requirements for the level of equipment of any residential building engineering communications, in particular, water networks have increased a hundredfold today. But if, say, in an ordinary city apartment, all worries and worries about comfort come down to buying the most modern pipes and the most advanced plumbing (everything else is the chores of the water utility), then in a country estate you have to take care of all the details of the water supply system yourself. Water supply of a country house is one of the primary tasks that you will have to solve if you suddenly decide to move to live in the “bosom of nature”. There are several ways to solve it; Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Its main and only advantage is cheapness.

Interesting! The "average" depth of the well is ten to fifteen meters.

Everything else is a complete failure. Judge for yourself:

• the maximum amount of water that you can "milk" from the well in an hour is two hundred liters. In practice, this is enough to water the garden, cook dinner and wash the dishes. And not even in parallel, but in series;
• it is not excluded the possibility of keeping in the well water all kinds of harmful impurities– from bacteria to nitrates and heavy metals;
• use well water without risk to one's own health, it is permissible only after carrying out its bacteriological and chemical analyzes.

Home water supply can be made from a well using this simple scheme

Option 2 - sand well drilling

Drilling is carried out by the auger method: the rock destroyed by the drill is extracted to the surface by the auger.

Interesting! The auger is a steel band wound around a drill rod.

In three or four days, you can drill a well up to thirty meters deep.

Water from a sand well is much cleaner than well water. However, it may also contain a whole “bouquet” of impurities, since the sandy layer “contacts” with surface waters. Even if you plan to use water exclusively for household and household needs (not related to quenching thirst and cooking), as in the case of a well, it is recommended to analyze it and not neglect its repetition at least once a year.

Arrangement of filtered sand and artesian wells for water supply

Option 3 - drilling an artesian well

An artesian well on limestone is the most successful source of water for suburban water supply.

To create it, the rotary drilling method is used.

Interesting! The aquifer limestone horizon can occur at a depth of forty to two hundred and fifty meters!

Drilling an artesian well can take five to ten days. Well casing is done black metal pipe diameter from one hundred twenty-five to one hundred and fifty-eight millimeters. Double binding possible: outer pipe— from metal, internal (working) — from plastic.

But the working scheme of water supply based on a well

The "productivity" of this source is about a thousand liters per hour. This is more than enough to provide water for a country house with a large number of points of analysis.

Well, we figured out the question of where to get water from and it's time to move on to another, no less important - how exactly the water supply system of a country house should be arranged.

What may be required for arrangement?

You will need:

• submersible or surface pump;
• caisson;
• hydropneumatic tank or water tank (plus automation);
• pipeline;
• various filters;
• water heating equipment. After all, hot water supply of a country house is a vital necessity when year-round living in him.

Which pump is best?

Choosing the right pump should be given maximum attention. This is a key part of the system, saving on which is the "top of madness." A surface pump is suitable for supplying water from a well, wells are “combined” exclusively with submersible pumps. borehole pumps.

It looks like a well pump

Important! The deeper the well, the more expensive the pump. This is a regularity. Experts recommend purchasing pumps from manufacturers who have managed to "prove" consumer market the quality of their "children" - Aquario, Wilo, Grundfos, Pedrollo, Unipump, Gileks, Speroni. With a well passport in hand, picking up technically suitable equipment for the water supply of a country house will not be special work- sales assistants in stores will definitely answer all the exciting and dubious questions.

When choosing a unit, you should focus on such basic parameters as pressure and performance.

Worth knowing! You can calculate the required pressure using one simple formula - the depth of the water + forty meters + fifteen percent. Based on the results obtained, you will buy a pump slightly more powerful than required - but this is not harmful. After all, who knows - perhaps after a while you will want to finish building another floor or two in the house.

Pumps are very sensitive to power surges, so when organizing water supply in the house with your own hands, be sure to take care of devices and equipment protection equipment.

Why do you need a caisson?

Caisson- an obligatory part of the water supply system of a country estate. It protects the well from pollution and cold, provides the structure with complete tightness.

Installation of a caisson for a well must be performed by professionals, as this is a very important stage

Visually, it is a tank with a lid welded to the casing. It is located in the ground at a depth of about two meters, respectively, to install it, you will have to remove the necessary amount of soil.

Types of storage tanks

Concerning storage tanks, there are two main types: water pressure And hydropneumatic. The latter is more convenient to use. Let's take a closer look at its device.

A hydropneumatic tank is installed on the ground floor or in a heated basement

The hydropneumatic tank is represented by a metal tank (capacity - from one hundred to five hundred liters), inside of which there is a rubber membrane. It divides the volume of the tank into chambers - external air and internal liquid. The "fixer" of the water pressure in the tank is a special relay; when the pressure reaches its minimum value, the device gives a signal to turn on the pump, and at the maximum - to turn it off. If the water is actively disassembled at a particular moment, the pump works “directly”. At the end of the analysis, the unit pumps liquid into the tank to a predetermined maximum pressure and temporarily ceases to function. When the taps in the house are opened again, the water from the tank will first be used up, while the pump continues to be “in standby mode”. As soon as the tank is empty, the equipment is turned on again, etc.

If desired, the tank can be made with your own hands - from steel, observing all dimensions - and equipped necessary pipes, sensors, cranes.

How about pipes?

So that the well can be exploited all year round, pipes to the house should be laid below the freezing depth of the soil. For the Moscow region, this is about one and a half meters.

Choosing between centralized and autonomous water supply of a private house, many make a choice in favor of the latter. Indeed, in small settlements and summer cottages, the pressure of water with a centralized supply is unstable. During rush hour, it can drop to such an extent that the water heating equipment will stop working. In addition, there is a high probability that the water will be chlorinated, and the water bills for the cottage will constantly increase.

Where to start, what equipment to buy?

Many summer residents who come to their plots only on weekends limit themselves to the development of upper aquifers to ensure their irrigation. However, houses in which they live permanently, it is advisable not to provide water from a well, but to take care of its more reliable sources. Experts recommend drilling to an artesian source, the water in which never freezes, does not dry out even in a dry summer and is different excellent taste. In addition, with almost universal contamination of the soil with fertilizers and pesticides, they can easily penetrate into the perch, but thanks to water-resistant layers they will never reach the artesian horizon.

So, first you need to properly equip it, equip the pumping station. Only then can you proceed with the installation inside the cottage. For this, in addition to drilling equipment, you will need:

• a metal or plastic tank (volume - about 1500 l) to create a caisson;
• submersible pump or pumping station;
• mechanical cleaning filter;
• check valve;
• automation block;
• pipeline fittings (pipes, adapters, fittings, etc.).

Equipment intended for indoor installation is purchased after it has been drawn up detailed diagram internal water supply. It includes:

• pipes;
• distribution manifolds;
• a tank made of food-grade plastic or stainless steel, from which water will be distributed inside the house (hydraulic accumulator);
• flexible connection to the hydraulic accumulator;
• Check Valve;
• valves (drain and stop);
• manometer;
• pressure switch;
• iron removal and water softening filters;
• device for heating water;
• plumbing equipment.

What is the caisson for?

The drilling process requires a certain level of training. With improper development, the well will quickly become silted up, covered with sand and stop functioning. In addition, when drilling, it is necessary to constantly ensure that water from the upper aquifers does not fall to the level from which water will be withdrawn in the future. To do this, as you deepen, you need to make a casing.

The constant temperature at the depth of the artesian horizon does not guarantee that in a harsh winter the water will not freeze at the mouth of improperly equipped wells. To prevent this from happening, a caisson is installed, deepening it below the freezing point. The entire structure, especially its head, is carefully sealed, which provides protection from external pollution: both incoming water and the entire aquifer.

The submersible pump is selected based on the needs of the family, taking into account the fact that several sources of water analysis can function simultaneously: a shower, a washing machine, a faucet in the kitchen. If the construction of a pool, watering of large plantations of plants and other large resource costs are not foreseen, water supply from a well can be carried out using a pump with a capacity of 2-4 m 2 / h.

An electric cable and a water pipe are connected to the pump. The entire system is lowered to the dynamic water level mark (that is, the steady level when the pump is running). It must be suspended on a galvanized cable. A winch for lifting the structure is placed inside the caisson. Install above the pump strainer, and above it is a check valve that will not let the already raised water back into the well. Thus, the valve allows you to maintain a constant pressure and ensure uninterrupted water supply.

The outer section of the water supply should be located at a depth of 1.5-2 m and lie under the foundation. It must be carefully insulated, not only to avoid freezing, but also so that the water does not get too hot in the heat. As for the automation unit and fine filters, they can also be placed indoors. Further, already inside the cottage, water is supplied to the accumulator.

Compact pumping station

A device that combines a pump and a set of equipment for its normal functioning is called a pumping station. It is used for water supply from a well in large volumes (3-8 m 2 / h) and allows you to raise water to a height of up to 60 m.

The station is very compact, weighing about 30 kg, but it should only be installed in warm rooms. It can be both the main building and a special extension, in which a positive temperature is constantly maintained.

Unlike a submersible pump, only the hose leading to the station is lowered into the well or well. It must be equipped with a filter and a check valve included in the kit. The valve will not allow water to pour back after the pump is turned off and protect it from running dry.

Pipes leading to the station, and then from it to the house, must be laid below the freezing depth of the soil. The station is connected to the electrical network, and the pressure pipe - to the water supply system.

The set of the pumping station includes a tank, calculated, depending on the model, for 25-50 liters of water. It acts as a hydraulic accumulator, eliminating the need to install a bulky tank in the attic.

The second part of the tank contains pressurized air. Thanks to this, the plumbing will be able to function for some time even during a power outage. Depending on the pressure level, the automation turns the pump on or off.

Before buying a high-capacity pumping station, it is necessary to conduct a hydrological study of the aquifer and determine what its performance is.

If it turns out to be insufficient, at some point the well may temporarily dry up. Then from the tap will go dirty water mixed with earth and bottom silt. Because of this, the station will have to be turned off for a while and wait until the water level is restored.

How to ensure proper circulation of water in the room?

When purchasing a filter, you need to make sure that its performance is designed for the maximum volume of water used. The coarse filter must have a cell designed to retain particles over 90 µm. A smaller cell will greatly increase the resistance to fluid flow. It is better to install additional filters inside the cottage later, which will improve the quality of the water and remove unnecessary impurities from it. Before that, of course, you need to do its laboratory analysis.

In order for the autonomous water supply system to function smoothly, the accumulator must be located above the points from which the water will be parsed.

It functions on the same principle as a water tower, supplying water to the taps even in the event of a power outage. The minimum volume of the tank used as a hydraulic accumulator can be 10 liters, the maximum - 1500 liters. If the attic of the house is chosen as the location of the tank, additional thermal insulation of the tank should be taken care of.

Thanks to the rubber membrane and relay, which is equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, the pump is automatically turned on and off. The pump turns on when a faucet opens and the water pressure drops. It can supply water to the cottage both directly and by filling the tank to a predetermined level. If the water level drops below this mark, the limit float switch will start the pump again. This design increases the service life of the pump, and also protects the plumbing and equipment from water hammer.

Automatic shutdown can also occur when, with a large analysis of water, its level is below the pump submerged in the well. Its cooling during operation is carried out precisely with the help of water: both the one in which it is immersed and the one that is pumped. Automation works to protect equipment, as dry running leads to damage. In order for the system to work without interruption, it is logical to choose a tank with a volume of at least 500 liters as a hydraulic accumulator, which provides an adequate supply of water.

The structure of the internal water supply network

The distribution of pipes inside the house is carried out in the same way as when water is supplied from the city network. Its source in this case is the accumulator. Water pipes must be lower than electric wires and gas pipes, and pipes with hot water - above pipes with cold water. Since the water supply of the house is carried out by gravity, it is advisable to install shut-off valves for each source of consumption: sink, washbasin, shower or bath. If there is a need to repair one of the appliances, then it will not be necessary to deprive the entire cottage of water and drain it from the water supply network.

Currently, more and more people prefer not metal, but plastic pipes. They are not subject to corrosion and are very ductile, which reduces the number of joints. A metal pipe can burst even with partial freezing, and it will not damage a plastic product with a heat-insulating coating. This is especially important when the water supply of the house is not limited to the main building, but is also supplied to other buildings: greenhouses, a bathhouse, a swimming pool.

A separate connection is made to the water heating equipment. It is of 2 types - flow and storage type. The heating source is electricity or gas. In storage type equipment, a boiler is used, which is usually included in the kit. For it, it is necessary to equip a separate heating circuit. With the help of flow-type equipment, the hot water supply of the cottage is carried out directly, since the water is heated when passing through the body of such an apparatus. Next, it remains only to carry out the wiring hot water to those sources of consumption where it is needed.