Types of embedded parts. Embedded details as obligatory elements of modern construction

In the past few years, in almost every area of construction, there has been a widespread use of embedded parts. In appearance, such products look like metal platinum, to which reinforcement is welded (experts call it an anchor). On sale there are several options for parts designed for specific purposes. Modern construction is impossible without them.

Such components are used to increase the reliability and strength of the joints of reinforced concrete and metal structures. Thanks to their use, the level of reliability, durability of the house and other structures increases, and their installation is simplified.
As a rule, products are laid in the process of manufacturing reinforced concrete structures. True, in certain cases, the bookmark is made even after the production of reinforced concrete products (welding is used). The laying of the elements is carried out so that the metal plate penetrates into the concrete mixture, and the anchor reinforcement remains from its outer part. It is because of the anchor located on the outside that a strong connection with another plate or with a metal structure is ensured.

Where is this metal used most often?

Embedded parts are used where it is necessary to securely combine reinforced concrete structures or metal structures. Most often they are used for the following purposes:
for the installation of structures made of reinforced concrete blocks (these include wells, tunnels, channels);

during the installation of columns;
during the arrangement of foundations on which metal frames will be installed;
for the installation of fences and load-bearing structures, for the construction of which reinforced concrete structures are used;
when installing facades outside buildings;
in the process of installing bases for towers of mobile operators and other similar structures;
during the construction of hydrotechnical facilities.

Of course, this list of areas of use of embedded parts is not complete, since in modern construction their areas of application are growing every year.

Varieties of embedded parts

Despite the fact that embedded parts have a very simple design, consisting only of a metal plate and an anchor, there are several varieties of products on sale. First of all, they differ in the types of alloys that are used to create the plate, as well as its shape and thickness.
Anchors vary in shape, diameter, presence or absence of threads. Threaded fittings allow you to adjust the connection of reinforced concrete and metal structures. Also on sale are products with one and two platinum plates, to which a reinforcing anchor is welded.
The production of embedded parts involves the following operations:

high-quality metal sheets are cut into several plates of a certain shape;
reinforcement pre-cut to the desired length and shape is welded to them;
a galvanized coating is applied to the finished product, painted and other work is performed related to the additional processing of the part.

Thanks to this manufacturing technology, durable, reliable, high-quality embedded parts are obtained, which are not afraid of the negative effects of metal oxidation.

Modern construction cannot be imagined without the use of embedded parts. These simple, at first glance, structural elements are indispensable in the construction of residential buildings, shopping and office centers, sports facilities, public buildings and workshops of industrial enterprises.

The secret of the popularity of embedded parts in construction lies in the fact that they are able to provide the most reliable connection of metal structures to each other or firmly connect reinforced concrete products with building elements made of metal, technological equipment, pipelines and other hinged elements that require rigid fastening of great strength due to upcoming serious weight or other loads.

What are embedded parts?

This is a metal plate and reinforcement or anchor (anchors), fastened together by means of a welded joint. The plate can have a very different thickness, since the state and industry standards, the provisions of which apply to the production of metal structures of this group, allow the use of sheet metal with a thickness of 2 to 200 millimeters for their manufacture.

BUT
reinforcement and anchors can also have a wide variety of diameters. In addition, threads are sometimes cut or rolled onto them, which turns an ordinary embedded part into an adjustable component product, which greatly simplifies installation work during the construction of buildings and structures and reduces construction time.

So why did the embedded parts get such a name? The fact is that a metal plate can be embedded in a product made of concrete or reinforced concrete at the stage of its production, and the reinforcement remaining on the surface will allow you to securely fix the slab, flight of stairs or other structure by welding.

In the same way, with the help of embedded parts, various building elements made of other non-metallic materials are installed.

How inserts are made

The manufacturing process of embedded parts can be quite complex, despite the apparent simplicity of the product itself. First you need to choose a high-quality sheet metal of the desired thickness, and then cut it.

Embedded parts plates can be made in the form of:

square,
rectangle,
trapeze,
rhombus.

The required shape is obtained by cutting a metal sheet (for products with a large plate area, laser cutting technology and high-tech equipment are used). Next, the workpiece goes through the stage of edge processing and is welded with anchors. After all the components of the product are connected into a single whole, the embedded parts are primed and covered with a layer of protective material, that is, galvanizing or painting is performed.

Such treatment prevents corrosion of parts of the product that remain open after installation work, which significantly extends its service life. The last operations of the technological process of manufacturing these metal structures are the marking of the product according to its specification and packaging.

Places for installing embedded parts

These products are used literally everywhere where a reliable connection of building and technological structures made of metal with reinforced concrete products is necessary.

Here is an approximate list of operations in which it is recommended to use embedded parts:

installation of columns;
fixing aluminum profiles;
fastening of facades;
fastening of heat exchangers, tanks and technological equipment;
installation of searchlight masts, cell towers;
fire escapes and reinforced concrete flights of stairs;
hydraulic structures and moorings;
installation of reinforcing cages and road barriers;
installation of metal and louvered grilles;
laying of tunnels and elevator shafts;
installation of load-bearing and enclosing structures;
laying of crane tracks;
installation of window frames and door blocks;
arrangement of platforms for maintenance of tanks and other equipment.

Table 1. Operating conditions of embedded parts

Types of fittings	Class armature tours	steel grade	Diameter, mm	Operating conditions of structures
				Static loads
				in heated buildings	outdoors and in unheated buildings at design temperature
				in heated buildings	up to minus 30 °С incl.	below minus 30 °С to minus 40 °С incl.	below minus 40 °С to minus 55 °С incl.	below minus 55 °С to minus 70 °С incl.
Rod hot-rolled smooth








Rod hot-rolled periodic profile

Embedded parts are elements for built-in additional equipment and some elements of the water circulation system, the placement of which is planned at the design and construction stage of the pool bowl. If you do not initially provide for the presence of embedded parts, then in the future their installation will be very problematic. To choose the right embedded parts, you need to decide on the type of pool and its finish.

Stationary pools are divided into concrete, composite and polypropylene.
Concrete pools can get off mosaic/tile or special film, which acts as a waterproofing layer. The design of embedded parts depends on the type of pool and the type of finish. For concrete pools finished with tiles or mosaics, embedded parts “under concrete”, or as they are also called “under mosaic / tiles”, are used.
In composite, polypropylene and concrete pools finished with a film, embedded parts “under the film” are used, they are also called universal because if necessary, such an embedded part can be placed in a concrete pool with a mosaic finish. Structurally embedded parts for the film are distinguished by the presence of a clamping flange and sealing gaskets, that provide a sealed connection.

Production material

According to the type of material of manufacture, embedded parts are divided into ABS plastic, stainless steel and bronze.

Mortgages from plastic the cheapest, least strong and durable, can crack during unskilled installation or in the cold. ABS products look less aesthetically pleasing and eventually lose their original color under the influence of UV radiation and chemicals used to disinfect water. Plastic mortgages can be sleeved and non-sleeved. IN non-shelled mortgages the clamping flange is attracted by a self-tapping screw, which enters the "body" of the mortgage. With unskilled installation or re-installation, this connection may not withstand, and if you overdo it, the mortgage may burst. Also, damage to the assembly can occur after a few years, when the plastic becomes more brittle. Sleeved mortgages avoid this problem and ensure greater reliability of the attachment point due to the presence of metal sleeves with threads in the body of the mortgage. The flange is fastened in such mortgages with M5 screws, and not with self-tapping screws. It is much more difficult to damage this connection, in addition, it can be assembled and disassembled without any fear.

Embedded parts made of stainless steel more expensive, much stronger and more durable than plastic mortgages, insensitive to temperature changes, which is important for outdoor pools and do not lose their aesthetic appearance over time. Mortgages are made of two grades of stainless steel. Brand AISI304 used in fresh water pools. If the pool is expected to have an electrolyser or sea water, then it is recommended to use parts with brand AISI316 because this steel is more resistant to aggressive environments.

Embedded parts made of bronze belong to the equipment class "luxury". They are distinguished by the longest service life, high anti-corrosion resistance, resistance to mechanical stress and are suitable for any water, including sea water. A pool with bronze mortgages speaks of wealth, the possibilities and respectability of the client. The only downside is the high cost.

All stainless steel and bronze embedded parts require grounding to prevent galvanic corrosion of the metal due to "stray" currents.
When choosing the material for the manufacture of embedded parts, it should be remembered that they are poured into concrete, and it is impossible to replace them in the future without damaging the pool finish. The cost of embedded parts against the background of the total cost of the pool is small, and it is not worth saving on this, therefore we recommend paying attention to stainless steel embedded parts. If in the case of a concrete pool finished with mosaics, this is not so critical due to the lack of flanges and seals, then in a pool finished with a film, a composite or polypropylene pool, it is strongly recommended to use stainless mortgages, in extreme cases, plastic lined products.
The initial higher cost of stainless steel or bronze products turns into a benefit in the further operation of the pool, because the replacement of these elements is very problematic.

Varieties of embedded parts

Embedded parts are divided into hydraulic and embedded parts for attractions.
Hydraulic embedded parts name the elements by which water is recirculated in the pool. They are divided into two groups - intake devices and devices for supplying water to the pool. Hydraulic fittings include items such as skimmers, nozzles, bottom drains, passage pipes, water level regulators and overflow grates.

TO embedded parts for attractions relate: plateaus and nozzles for air massage, hydromassage nozzles, water intakes, pneumatic buttons, mortgages for lighting, underwater speakers and built-in countercurrents.

It is recommended to carefully consider the required number of mortgages and their location. When planning and placing the embedded parts of the pool, it is better to turn to specialists, because it is easy to install the elements incorrectly on your own, but it is much more difficult to redo it so that everything is correct. Proper installation of embedded parts is the key to stable operation of additional equipment and the water circulation system. Professional installation of embedded parts will be a condition for the smooth operation of additional equipment and the water supply system.

It is important to buy embedded parts when it is necessary to securely connect several concrete goods or concrete goods with metal systems. This method has a positive effect on the reliability of the structure, simplifies the installation work.

The installation of the embedded part GOST 14098-91 occurs according to the principle that the plate is concreted, and the anchoring components protrude beyond the structure. These sections of reinforcement will allow other structural elements to be connected to them. Usually, welding of embedded parts is used to implement this stage.

This type of materials is most widely used in construction conditions, in which a reliable connection of several structural components is necessary:

installation of block systems like canals, wells and tunnels;
arrangement of strong enclosing systems;
the creation of columns, facades, the construction of multi-storey buildings or, for example, cell towers;
hydraulic structures;
equipping door and window openings;
foundations based on metal structures;
profile frames;
other.

Ultimately, the embedded parts industry has unlimited potential as product uses only expand over time. Part of the reason is that the prices of embedded parts are more profitable than traditional methods of achieving similar functions in the structure.

If it is necessary to improve the protective characteristics of finished products, they can be additionally treated to protect against corrosion, for example. Zinc plating and painting are common, but this increases the price of embedded parts.

Types and manufacture

The production of embedded parts involves the creation of several basic product options. There are many types according to the shape of the finished product, but all of them can be divided into several groups depending on the location of the anchoring components:

perpendicularly located reinforcing segments;
their inclined position;
mixed look.

You can buy embedded parts with a square, rectangular, round, diamond-shaped base. Improving the adhesion characteristics with the hardening composition is achieved due to the thread applied to the surface of the bars.

According to the standard, the manufacture of embedded parts GOST 14098-91 allows you to create two types of materials: open with one plate and closed with plates on both sides of the anchors. The first ones are more flexible functionally, therefore they are suitable for installation and construction works of a wide profile. Buying embedded parts of the second type is relevant mainly during the construction of buildings.

Embedded parts manufacturing method

The production of embedded parts is not very complex; traditional processing methods such as cutting and welding of embedded parts are used to start the process.

Initially, the load at which the structure will work is calculated. Based on the data obtained and the specifics of the application, suitable materials are calculated with a margin of safety. Next, the manufacture of embedded parts begins in the quantity necessary for the implementation of the project. A sheet of metal of the required thickness is disassembled into blanks, rolled products are selected with the dimensions (length, cross section) and bearing capacity corresponding to the project. Components are welded to the site at specified angles. At the final stage, the finished materials are painted or coated with zinc to increase corrosion resistance.

The production of embedded parts is in full compliance with state standards, compliance with the norms helps to achieve high strength characteristics. The calculations take into account the dimensions of the finished structure, the load and the possibility of equipping the entire system with additional elements. Separately, in the manufacture of embedded parts, possible loads in the transverse and longitudinal directions, as well as deviations that are difficult to avoid during the installation of components, are taken into account.

As a result, a variety of materials are obtained, which can be the simplest parts with a single anchor, that is, a platform with a single reinforcing bar. The most complex shapes of products suggest the presence of many rods welded at certain angles. It is worth emphasizing that the prices of embedded parts also depend on the specific features of the structures. However, most often they use a system for calculating the weight of finished materials.

Embedded parts are mostly produced individually for each project. A label is attached to the products with notes about the requirements:

brand;
the number of elements in the batch;
date of manufacture;
mark of technological control on acceptance;
requirements for installation work;
deviations that may be in the party.

Norm requirements

In accordance with the norms of the state standard, a comprehensive control of embedded parts GOST 14098-91 is carried out during production. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to achieve the highest quality of the finished product.

So, the angles between the anchoring components and the platform must comply with the standards of GOST 14098-91. The edges must be cleaned of slag and sags formed during the high-temperature cutting process. The surface of the materials should not be contaminated in the form of oil stains and others, in addition, the presence of rust and scale centers that exfoliate is not allowed. Places of welding of embedded parts should not be cracked. The transition from the deposited part to the base must not have undercuts, and all craters must be welded during the manufacture of embedded parts. It is forbidden to leave slag and sagging on the deposited layer; structural elements must not be burned through. Undercooked areas, arson of the base and fistulas are prohibited.

It is possible to buy embedded parts GOST 14098-91 with certain discrepancies regarding the dimensions included in the project:

the position of flat components may differ within 10 mm;
ease of installation in some projects requires a deviation in the location of structural elements on the site - the allowable parameter is 100 mm;
axes of profiled hollow elements can deviate up to 10 mm;
the flatness of the front components should not differ by more than 5 mm.

The plant of reinforcing products and structures "ARMIKON" offers high quality materials for construction projects. The prices of embedded parts will be optimal, and all deadlines will be met, therefore it is really profitable to cooperate with us!

Embedded parts are metal elements that are placed in buildings and structures before concreting. As a result, they perform the functions of a coupler or connecting elements, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the resulting structure.

Embedded parts classification

Embedded parts are of two different types:

open;
closed.

The classification of these elements can also be made according to the principle of placing anchor parts in relation to a flat element.

On this basis, embedded parts are distinguished with an inclined, perpendicular, mixed or parallel position of the rods. Separately, elements are distinguished, on the rods of which there is a thread.

Embedded parts are made from different types of steel:

channel and corner,
striped and round.

These elements are used in the process of installation of various structures and buildings.

Their main function is to connect the most important structural elements. Usually the use is planned in advance, and only then they are mounted by welding or bolting.

Using Embedded Parts

Embedded parts are various metal products installed in a monolithic metal frame structure. It is thanks to them that the building acquires a strapping of reinforcing meshes, channels and beams, as a result of which it becomes more stable and durable.

Thus, the main areas of use of embedded parts are repair and construction work. Metal elements are usually manufactured according to standard forms (standard designations on the drawings: ZD-1, ZD-2, MS-1, MS-2, MN-1, MN-2), but customer requirements are taken into account, and, accordingly, the dimensions and shapes may vary.

Production of anchor bolts

Embedded parts are often represented by anchor bolts. They are often used for laying in reinforced concrete foundations in order to further fix various equipment on the foundation or.

The production of anchor bolts is carried out in accordance with the state requirements set forth in GOST 24379.1-80 (for models with a thread diameter of M12-M140). If the use of parts is planned in the northern regions with a cold climate, then they are made from frost-resistant steel 09G2S.

Sometimes the project indicates the need to use a foundation bolt, which is made from steel of the 08G2S type. In this case, only a hairpin is machined from the specified material, and the remaining elements are made from st3-st20 (in accordance with the requirements of GOST 24379.1-80).

At your request, after the production of bolts, additional procedures can be carried out, for example, hot or cold galvanizing.

Another popular type of embedded parts is anchor foundation blocks. These elements are foundation bolts (according to GOST 24379.1-80), which are interconnected by means of high-quality metal.

It is especially important that the center distances are correctly maintained.