Gas generating heating boilers. How does a solid fuel gas-fired boiler work Solid fuel gas-fired boiler

Despite the high cost, after the purchase, a gas-fired solid fuel boiler helps to save on heating by reducing fuel consumption by 15-20%. An additional advantage is the long operating time of the gas generator from one tab.

Gas boiler device

A modern solid fuel heating gas-generating boiler bears little resemblance to the first gas generators. As a result of design and engineering solutions, the internal structure and appearance have undergone significant changes. Only the operating principle used remains the same, which is as follows:

• Wood, when burned, releases a small amount of carbon dioxide. This process is called gas generation or oxidation.
• If you create the necessary conditions, the burning rate slows down, and the amount of CO increases.
• Carbon dioxide, after mixing with air in the required proportions, forms a combustible-air mixture.
• The gas-air mixture burns well, and at the same time releases additional thermal energy.

The design and arrangement of a solid fuel gas-fired heating boiler differs depending on the model and manufacturer. The following nodes are required:


Depending on the model, the combustion process is carried out in a completely autonomous mode or with a certain participation of a person. Classic wood-fired units are loaded manually. Air supply settings, ash removal and other functions are performed by a person.

Automatic boilers on, operate in a completely autonomous mode. The whole process, from air supply to combustion waste removal, is controlled by automation.

Specifications for gas generation

Gas generation or carbon dioxide emission, in the process of wood oxidation, can only begin under certain conditions:

• Limited air access - in order for gas to begin to be released, it is necessary to restrict the flow of air, causing the wood to literally smolder.
• High temperature - the wood chars, turning into carbon and mixing with oxygen, forms carbon dioxide. For the production of CO, it is required to maintain heating in the furnace above 600°C.
• Humidity - raw wood, when heated, releases steam instead of carbon dioxide. For gas generation, it is required that the humidity does not exceed 20%.

Household gas-generating solid fuel heating boilers of domestic production are less whimsical to the quality of the wood used. In models with vertical loading and, it is allowed to use firewood with a moisture content of 30 to 42%.

Fuel consumption in gas generating boilers

Solid fuel boilers with gas generator combustion have several advantages that make their operation economical:

• Combustion of fuel in gas-generating boilers is carried out more slowly, due to the lack of intensive air flow. When a tree smolders, less heat is released than when it is fully burned. The lack of thermal energy is compensated by the afterburning of the released carbon dioxide.
• Fuel consumption, in comparison with classical boilers, is reduced by 15-20%. At the same time, the amount of heat released during combustion practically did not decrease.
• The use of automation reduces fuel consumption by at least another 10%.

A solid fuel gas-generating boiler of long burning, designed for wood, working on coal, quickly fails. Therefore, gas generators should be heated exclusively with wood or its waste. An exception is made for models specially designed to work on coal.

Is it possible to make a gas generator out of a simple boiler

The principle of operation of a gas-generating solid fuel boiler implies the use of mandatory components in the design:

• Furnaces and afterburners - in the device of gas generators, an enlarged combustion chamber is specially provided. Afterburning is carried out in a separate chamber made of fireclay bricks.
• The coolant surrounds not only the furnace, but also a broken smoke channel located inside the boiler. The scheme of the heat exchanger is quite complicated. The coolant must surround not only the furnace, but also the smoke channels.

It is possible to make a gas generator from an existing wood-burning boiler, but at the same time, you will have to face the following difficulties:

• Limitation in the size of the combustion chamber - to create the temperature necessary in the process of gas generation, it will take a full-fledged burning of firewood for half an hour. All fuel will burn out in approximately 1.5-2 hours, which negates the efficiency of the converted boiler.
• The lack of free space will lead to an even greater reduction in the furnace, due to the installation of an afterburner.

After conversion, you should not expect the same performance indicators as for factory-produced gas generator models. It is much easier to make a gas generator again than to remake an already existing boiler.

Rules and conditions for installation and operation of the boiler

Gas-generating boilers on solid fuel of long burning, demanding on operating conditions. The efficiency of work is influenced by the characteristics of the boiler room, smoke exhaust and ventilation systems. The room used for the boiler room is subject to the rules of the PPB regarding the operation of solid fuel units. General installation recommendations are:

• Installation of a boiler with a capacity of up to 40 kW is carried out anywhere in a residential building, subject to compliance with fire safety rules. A heat generator with a capacity of 40 kW or more is installed in a separate room.
• The size of the room for the boiler is at least 8 m². The presence of supply and exhaust ventilation is mandatory.
• The walls and floor of the boiler room are lined with non-combustible materials: ceramic tiles or cement-sand plaster.
• The chimney is made with a minimum number of corners and a maximum length of the vertical section of not more than 1 m. When passing through floor slabs and roofs, fire breaks are provided.

As a recommended measure, smoke detectors are installed in the boiler room. If a connection to the mains is required, a switchboard with automatic machines is arranged outside the room where the solid fuel unit is located.

How to choose a gas generating boiler

When choosing a suitable model of gas generating equipment, several features related to the operation and functionality of the boiler, and its performance are taken into account:

• Design features - the consumer is offered boilers using the principle of upper and lower combustion, with a vertical and horizontal firebox. From these characteristics depends on the operating time, the acceptable quality of the fuel used and other operating parameters.
• Power - with an average thermal insulation of the building and a ceiling height of not more than 2.7 m, a formula is in effect that allows you to calculate the required boiler output: 1 kW = 10 m². An accurate calculation of the required power, taking into account all the features and technical characteristics of the building, is performed using special ones.

In addition to the listed criteria that affect the selection of heating equipment, additional attention is paid to the country of origin and the cost of the gas generator.

The best manufacturers of gas generating equipment

Literally 5-10 years ago, only 4-5 brands of gas-generating boilers, exclusively of European production, were presented on the heating equipment market. At the moment, the range of products has expanded so much that when choosing equipment, it has become impossible to do without qualified advice.

In addition to the European factories that have already proven themselves, domestic companies have established the production of gas-generating boilers. To facilitate the choice, all models can be divided into several groups on a territorial basis:

• Russian gas-generating boilers - domestic companies manufacture products either independently (as in the case of BTS, Teplov, F.B.R.Zh., Phantom, Bastion, Gasgen), or with the support of foreign partners (Lavoro). Products are adapted to domestic conditions. Changes in the design made it possible to use fuel with a moisture content of up to 30-42%.
• European boilers are traditionally considered the best in their class. Products are offered by Viadrus, Stropuva (practically the founder of gas-fired boilers), Atmos and others. Boilers of European concerns have a long service life, are distinguished by reliability, a high degree of automation and efficiency.

The cost of gas-generating boilers

European companies offer products of the Premium class, which affects both the comfort of control and operation, and the cost of heating gas generating units. So, the Latvian Stropuva can be purchased for about 100 thousand rubles. Czech Viadrus will cost between 180-200 thousand rubles, Atmos - 120 thousand rubles. and higher.

Domestic boilers can be found starting from 30 thousand rubles. For a high-quality gas generator, similar to European models, you will have to pay about 80 thousand rubles. (Prices are approximate based on 30 kW output).

Pros and cons of boilers with gas fuel generation

The experience of operating long-burning gas-fired boilers by domestic consumers made it possible to see the advantages and disadvantages of this type of equipment. There are several advantages to gas generators:

• The duration of fuel burning in the gas-generating boiler is at least 6 hours. Some models, both domestic and European manufacturers, are able to work up to 3-5 days from one tab.
• Greater heat dissipation compared to the classic model. The efficiency of gas generating boilers is 80-92%.

There are disadvantages:

• Fuel restrictions. The heat exchanger of a gas-generating boiler that runs on wood, when switching to coal, burns out after a year of operation. It is impossible to heat with wet firewood and wood waste.
• Cost - a classic boiler costs about 2-3 times cheaper.

Another disadvantage is the special rules for kindling and maintaining combustion during the operation of gas generating models. This disadvantage is temporary. After several fireboxes, the owner of the heating equipment gets used to the features.

Gas-generating boilers have no analogues among other models, regarding the duration of work from one bookmark, heat performance characteristics and other operating parameters. Somewhat limit the popularity of models - the high cost and features of operation.

Gas-generating boilers are one of the types of solid fuel, usually water-heating devices. The essence of his work is that the fuel and volatile substances in it burn out separately. In other words, solid fuel pyrolysis occurs, which is why boilers are also called pyrolysis boilers. Especially this heating equipment is effective when working on firewood, wood briquettes, borax and some coal fractions.

Use gas boilers to heat your home

Unit device

The design of the gas generating boiler is a furnace with two chambers, which are separated by cast-iron grates. The first chamber is designed for pyrolysis of firewood, and the second - for burning the emitted gas. In some designs, the gas chambers are connected to cooking stoves. The main parts of such a device are:

• nozzle;
• fan;
• controllers;
• air channels;
• water pipes;
• chimney.

In this video, we will consider the principle of operation of gas-generating boilers:

In addition, to ensure the safe operation of boiler equipment, the design includes: safety valves, pressure sensors, air supply regulators. General control and adjustment of the operational process is carried out using an electronic control unit. Some models of boilers have a remote control.

Fuel selection rules

During the combustion of any solid fuel, carbon monoxide is released. From the experience of using gas generators, it has been proved that the release of this gas in especially large quantities occurs during the combustion of wood.

Hence the conclusion that it is best to heat this unit with firewood. In modern boilers, their ignition and further combustion process is fully automated. At the same time, certain requirements are imposed on such fuel.

The moisture content of the wood used should not exceed 20%, otherwise it will have to be dried beforehand. At the same time, it is worth choosing only the most solid types of wood: beech, oak, acacia. You can not use coal in those models where this option is not provided, since the unit may fail.

The principle of operation of the equipment

During combustion, solid fuel begins to release gas, which continues to support this process. Wood-fired gas-fired boilers are designed in such a way that they cannot burn quickly as in conventional stoves. This happens because carbon monoxide burns in a separate chamber. Thus, the whole process is divided into several stages:

1. First, solid fuel undergoes a drying process in a special section of the gas generator boiler.
2. Next, the firewood burns in the firebox at a temperature range of 200 to 850°C. Oxygen practically does not enter the furnace during this process.
3. The released gas burns in a special chamber using burners.

As a result, the fuel is separated into two components: a solid fraction and a gaseous substance. The removal of these parts from the boiler takes place separately, and when the gas and carbon come into contact during combustion, the smoke is purified from harmful substances.

Popular Models

Currently, gas-fired boilers for wood and other solid fuels are widely represented on the market for space heating equipment. They differ from each other both constructively and in cost. Among them it is worth noting the following models:

1. OPOP ECOMAX 30 - economical boilers from Czech manufacturers. The presence of an electronic unit allows you to control two circulation pumps, a thermostat and a fan. The performance factor of the unit reaches about 90%.
2. Viadrus Hercules U32 - the body of this unit is made of cast iron. The operation of the boiler is carried out on wood, coal and does not depend on the availability of electricity. There is no fan in its design, air is supplied naturally.
3. ATMOS DC is a steel wood fired boiler. Existence of the exhaust fan allows to collect ashes practically without dust. Some varieties of this model also have a fan forcing air.
4. Bastion M-KST-15P is a non-volatile boiler from Russian manufacturers. It has a large capacity, which allows the coolant to circulate through the system due to inertia. In such a heating system, circulation pumps are not needed.

The following models are also considered popular and inexpensive: Divo-10, Bourgeois-K STANDARD-20, Wattek PYROTEK 36, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of boilers

The main advantage of such units is the high efficiency of solid fuel combustion. Compared to simple wood-burning stoves, when using a gas generator, the efficiency is usually much higher.

Most of these installations are non-volatile devices and can be installed at facilities that are not supplied with electricity. Such units were previously successfully installed on cars. In addition, boilers that do not need electricity are much cheaper.

To operate this device, you can use any type of wood, even waste from its production. Another significant advantage of such heating is that the boiler is able to work for a long time from one portion of solid fuel.

This feature makes it easier to operate these units. But still, these devices have a number of disadvantages, based mainly on the mandatory presence of a person during their maintenance.

This is especially important when choosing such devices in comparison with gas units. Besides, the gas generator needs to be serviced periodically, clean from soot and soot, since decay products exist in them.

Updated:

2016-09-13

A gas-generating boiler is the most efficient type of solid fuel-fired boiler. Various versions and modifications of equipment can significantly increase the efficiency of such a boiler up to 93-95 percent. The main feature of the devices is the almost complete combustion of firewood.

The principle of operation of a gas-generating boiler

To understand what a gas generating boiler is, you need to understand its principle of operation.

1. Pyrolysis is the basis of the solid fuel combustion process in gas-fired boilers. When a new portion of firewood or briquettes is laid, the process of fuel combustion begins, divided into several stages.
2. The first step is finding solid fuel in a special drying chamber. It allows you to bring the state of firewood to the ideal for efficient combustion.
3. Then the wood starts to burn. The temperature can be 20-850 degrees Celsius. During this stage, the combustion chamber practically does not receive oxygen. This contributes to the oxidation of firewood.
4. During oxidation, a gas is formed that moves into the combustion chamber. There burners ignite the gas, it starts to burn.

This combustion principle makes it possible to use wood fuel as efficiently as possible and achieve such high efficiency rates.

Gas generating plants have another feature - a water circuit. Inside the circuit, water flows through a pair of heating chambers, after which it moves into heating batteries - radiators located in the rooms.

Fuel used

Why do many people decide to assemble a gas-generating boiler with their own hands or install this unit with the help of specialists? Largely due to the availability of fuel used for equipment operation.

Almost any solid fuel is used in gas-generating boilers:

• Firewood;
• wood waste;
• Shavings;
• Sawdust;
• Briquettes;
• Pellets etc.

When it is not possible to connect a gas boiler due to problems with access to main gas, gas generators are the ideal solution. Fuel burns almost without waste, unlike traditional solid fuel units.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before installing a gas-generating boiler with your own hands, you need to consider this installation from all sides. It is important to understand not only the advantages, but also pay attention to the characteristic disadvantages.

This will help you decide whether a gas generating type of solid fuel boiler is right for you, or whether it is better to opt for a gas, liquid fuel, or even an electric option.

The strengths of the gas-generating boiler include a number of characteristics.

1. Increased combustion efficiency of the used solid fuel. No matter how efficient a conventional solid fuel boiler is, its efficiency cannot rise above the 90 percent mark. In gas generators, it is capable of reaching 95 percent.
2. Energy independence. These units can be completely independent of the presence of the mains. Since electricity is not used, total operating costs are reduced. At the same time, you have the opportunity to automate boilers.
3. The versatility of the fuel used. To heat your own home with a gas-fired boiler, you can use any kind of solid fuel that you have. All kinds of wood waste will not go to a landfill, but will serve as an effective means of heating a house for several days.
4. The impressive volume of the furnace of the gas-generating boiler. Due to the fact that a large amount of fuel can be put into the furnace for one bookmark, the frequency of bookmarking increases. You do not have to constantly monitor whether firewood is left inside the chamber.

This is not the whole list of advantages, but they are quite enough to appreciate the capabilities of gas-generating boilers.

But now let's look at the other side - the disadvantages. These include:

• Limited autonomy. Most gas-fired boilers are non-volatile. This has its advantages, but it also has its disadvantages. The lack of automation requires constant supervision of the equipment;
• Service. Although the fuel burns much more efficiently, it is not possible to completely get rid of waste. Therefore, you will periodically have to clean the surfaces of accumulating soot and soot;
• High price. Pyrolysis boilers are noticeably more expensive than traditional solid fuel installations. The difference in price can be 1.5-2 times. But the higher cost pays off over time as you save on the efficiency of the pyrolysis unit. On average, with the active operation of the boiler, it pays for itself in 2-3 seasons;
• fuel quality requirements. An important role in the performance of pyrolysis-type equipment is played by the dryness of the solid fuel used. If sawdust or firewood is wet, pyrolysis may not start. So that users do not have to rack their brains over how to dry firewood, engineers have provided a drying chamber in the design of the unit. Before starting the combustion process, the fuel is dried in the chamber, after which the pyrolysis proceeds perfectly.

Traditions against pyrolysis

Does it make sense to purchase gas-generating boilers if there are quite attractive traditional solid fuel units? To answer this question, both devices need to be compared according to some criteria.

1. Automation. The ability to connect automation to a gas generating device allows the unit to independently control combustion processes, regulate them according to parameters pre-set by users. Traditional models work in the same way as classic wood-burning stoves.
2. Efficiency. Another point where the pyrolysis heating unit becomes the undisputed winner. If the efficiency of a traditional wood-burning boiler can hardly reach 85-90 percent, then the pyrolysis one easily overcomes the mark of 90 and moves to 95 percent.
3. Service. Again, pyrolysis wins, since with almost complete combustion of the fuel, the amount of waste is minimal. Classic stoves need to be cleaned several times a day, the condition of the combustion chamber should be monitored, and the chimney should be cleaned. Plus, the bookmark is carried out every few hours. With a pyrolysis device, everything is much simpler. One bookmark can last for a day of battery life.
4. Operating requirements. The only point on which the pyrolysis model is inferior to the traditional one. Classic wood-burning boilers have the simplest design, so breakdowns are rare here. Pyrolysis units are more complicated, therefore, during operation, a number of rules must be observed. But in practice, it is not so difficult if you correctly perform the initial installation.

Gas-generating boiler plants actively broke into the heating equipment market. Today they are used everywhere, becoming an indispensable device for heating and hot water in homes.

A gas generating boiler is an advanced equipment for generating heat from the combustion of solid fuels.

It is characterized by a higher efficiency and the longest operating time from one tab.

The operation of a gas generating boiler is based on the laws of physics.

How does heating equipment work?

Gas-generating boilers operating on solid fuels perform their task in two stages. The first step is to heat the wood and release combustible gas.

After that, the supplied gaseous substance is burned, as in standard heating equipment.

The process in which gas is released and then burned is called pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition of fuel is carried out at a temperature of about 900 degrees.

The operation of the gas generator does not need to be constantly controlled - it can be switched to automatic mode. The equipment is equipped with an electronic control unit that informs about temperature and power.

It allows you to control the supply of air masses and the combustion process itself.

Schemes and drawings:

Some solid fuel boilers operating on a generator have built-in special automation that can maintain the required temperature, which allows you to save on firewood.

Unlike standard solid fuel boilers, gas generating equipment operates for a long time and provides 40% more heat energy.

The boiler, the principle of operation of which is based on pyrolysis, has other advantages:

• a perfect furnace device that instantly warms up to a high temperature and insulates the boiler from heat loss;
• a high-quality draft regulator that controls the supply of oxygen to the furnace and prevents the fuel from burning out of time.

But a gas-fired wood-fired boiler, designed for long-term combustion of fuel, can also be characterized from the negative side.

The equipment functions only when firewood is loaded into it, the humidity of which is not more than 20%.

This means that the heating device will work well only on pre-dried wood. Otherwise, the heat transfer rate will be low.

Models of gas-generating boilers operate on solid fuels with high humidity, the design of which involves vertical laying of firewood and lower combustion.

The fuel at the top of the chamber gradually becomes dry as the temperature in the equipment increases to the desired high value.

A bundle of firewood placed in a long-burning boiler can provide heat from 6 hours to 2-3 days, depending on the model of the equipment.

An apparatus that operates without laying a new batch of firewood for a maximum of time is expensive.

How and with what to heat the boiler?

Carbon monoxide is released in a certain amount from any solid fuel during combustion. Especially a lot of it is obtained when wood burns.

That is why it is wiser to put firewood in a gas-generating boiler, designed to create a comfortable temperature in the house, and not any other fuel.

In order for the premises to be heated well, the gas-generating boiler must be used correctly:

• open the air damper and make a fire with a splinter;
• set the normal long burning mode, in which the fire in the boiler will be maintained until the temperature in the furnace rises to the desired level;
• switch the damper to a mode that supplies air in a limited amount.

In modern wood-burning gas-generating boilers, all of the above actions do not need to be performed, since their work is fully automated.

The fuel is ignited with the help of electric ignition, an automatic unit controls the supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber and the removal of gases resulting from the combustion of firewood.

Wood fired gas boilers need to be loaded with a certain grade of fuel. Beech, oak and acacia wood is best suited for this.

Photos and diagrams:

Coal should be abandoned altogether, as it negatively affects the performance of heating equipment.

To heat the house, it is wiser to use only high-quality fuel, since more heat is produced during its long burning.

As for the moisture content of firewood, gas-generating equipment will not function on frank raw fuel.

That is, the wood will burn as in a conventional stove, and the boiler will not work in gas generation mode.

In addition, fuel with excess moisture, if you restrict access to air masses, will simply stop burning.

The design of the boiler itself affects the firewood with which moisture index can be put into gas generating equipment.

If it has a side load, then only firewood with a moisture content of not more than 20% is allowed to be loaded into it. Such equipment is very demanding on the quality of wood.

Top-loading wood-burning gas-fired boilers burn fuel gradually. To do this, it is placed in a furnace located vertically.

When the bottom layer of firewood burns out, they will sink down, being dried by warm air. Boilers into which fuel is loaded through the top are switched to gas generation mode, even if the humidity of the wood is about 45 degrees.

What is the best equipment?

Choosing a gas-generating boiler can be difficult due to the large range of such equipment.

In addition, when buying a device for heating a house, you need to pay attention to its characteristics: power, hours of operation from one bookmark of firewood, the presence of a unit for automatic operation and additional features.

To heat the house and have hot water, it is wiser to purchase a two-circuit unit. If the choice was made in favor of a model without a DHW circuit, then it is necessary to specifically take an indirect heating boiler to it, which protects against unforeseen expenses.

When choosing a boiler, the following points are taken into account:

• whether the heating boiler is equipped with a DHW circuit, which is indispensable in a house with an area of ​​more than 100 sq. m;
• how well the house is insulated, because even the number of windows and doors affects how heat is stored in it.

The best solid fuel gas-fired boilers are units made in Germany and the Czech Republic.

Models made in these countries are called Buderus and Viessmann and are sold at a high price. However, despite this, they are acquired quite often.

Among domestic boilers, the most popular heating equipment is Bastion, ZOTA and Topol M.

But their thermal and operational characteristics are an order of magnitude worse than those of Western units.

The fact is that boilers from Europe are developed using the latest technologies, which allow them to be used with special comfort.

The main advantage of heating equipment operating on fuels such as oak or acacia wood is the ability to connect it to an already made water heating system.

Installation of a gas-generating boiler is carried out without serious financial costs. As soon as the equipment is connected, the consumption of firewood will be reduced by 30%.

The main disadvantage of a gas-generating boiler is its high price. Czech and German models are especially expensive.

In addition, poor quality fuel, which can adversely affect the operation of the heating unit, cannot be placed in such equipment.

Those who have already tried to heat the house with a gas-generating boiler note that in Russian climatic conditions it is especially necessary.

The purchase of equipment that works on the principle of pyrolysis is a cost-effective solution.

A rational solution to the problem of heating and waste disposal are gas-fired boilers, which save up to 50% of fuel. They are characterized by high efficiency, ease of use. Installations are widely used in all spheres of the national economy.

Inside the chambers, the fuel itself and the gas released during the combustion process are burned. It is enough to buy gas-generating pyrolysis boilers to solve the issues of space heating, hot water supply, and solid waste disposal. They are also used for cooking. Heating equipment of this type is used by construction centers, timber depots, agricultural enterprises, woodworking shops, auto repair shops.

As reviews on the operation of long-burning boilers show, the maximum effect is achieved when loading dry solid fuel with a moisture content of up to 20%. The term of operation of the gas generating unit at one load is 8–24 hours. It is determined by the requirements for the temperature regime of the room, local climatic conditions. Of great importance are the quality characteristics of the fuel, the size of the boiler furnace.

Device, principle of operation

The basis of the operation of gas generating plants is the gasification of organic compounds due to thermal decomposition. An exothermic (with heat release) process occurs inside the boiler in the temperature range of 200–1200 °C with oxygen deficiency. The air that enters the burner zone is heated, heating and drying of the fuel are improved. The contact of pyrolysis gas during combustion with active carbon ensures the purification of outgoing smoke from carcinogens. In fact, gas-generating boilers separate the fuel into two parts: a solid fraction, a gaseous substance. Then there is their separate removal.

Structurally, the gas generators consist of a two-chamber furnace, separated by a grate. Inside the first, dry distillation (pyrolysis) of the fuel takes place, in the second, the resulting gaseous substance burns. Some boilers provide for the direction of combustible gas to the stove or internal combustion engine. In the secondary combustion chamber, located under the fuel chamber, thrust is created artificially, air masses are injected from above. The supply of oxygen from below or from the side is organized only for some models. All gas generating boilers are equipped with a nozzle, air supply channels, controllers, a fan, water pipes, a chimney.

Ease of use and safety are provided by pressure sensors, thermostatic air mass regulators, safety valves, emergency hot coolant discharge systems. Electronic control units make it possible to control the work, adjust a number of parameters at your discretion. Manufacturers offer models with remote control. The organization of the adjustment of the heating system via the Internet is provided.

Mounting

The warranty condition for gas generators is professional installation. Boilers are considered potentially dangerous, therefore fire safety regulations and the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions must be observed. Fundamental rules:

• boilers are installed in non-residential premises with a ventilation hole from 100 cm2;
• distance from walls, furniture, household appliances, other items - 0.2 m, if it is impossible to determine the degree of combustibility of materials, it is doubled or protective screens are mounted;
• a heat-resistant base made of concrete, ceramic or metal is arranged - it must protrude beyond the perimeter of the boiler body from the side of the ash pan and the filling hole by at least 0.3 m, from other sides - by 0.1;
• a metal sheet is laid in front of the firebox, 0.5–0.7 m in size;
• piping made of steel pipes - the use of metal-plastic products is not allowed.

Chimney insulation is required. It is forbidden to install extra valves inside the chimney. The instructions of the boiler manufacturers clearly indicate the installation rules, the requirements for additional equipment, and the materials used. If they are violated, metal structures are deformed and fail.

Product overview of popular brands

Floor-standing coal-fired gas-generating boilers Atmos (Czech Republic), depending on the installed burner, can operate on light oils, natural gas. The simultaneous use of two types of fuel (alternation) is provided. Refurbishment is not required. Gas generating installations from Buderus (Germany) are distinguished by the availability of delivery of individual sections for completing high-power boilers. It is permissible to "increase" automation by the number of circuits. The volume of the combustion chamber allows you to load logs up to 58 cm long.

High-quality gas-generating wood-burning boilers manufactured by Dakon (Czech Republic) operate only on wood with a moisture content of less than 20% - up to 12 hours on one tab. Simply converted to run on diesel or gas. Non-volatile units Bastion (Russia) operate with natural circulation, without a pump. One bookmark of logs, up to 62 cm long, is enough for 6 or 10 hours - in smoldering mode. Single-circuit gas generating BTS (Ukraine) operate on raw firewood, wood waste of any quality. All models are easily moved on legs-wheels.

Equipment Attack (Slovakia) - modern design and 12 hours of operation on one tab. The DP 95 gas generating furnace is designed for logs up to 1 m long. The only drawback is the many errors in the descriptions in Russian. Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers Defro (Poland) can serve as an additional reserve for other heating systems. On their basis, boiler houses with a capacity of more than 1000 kW are organized.

Model range of boilers	Manufacturer	power, kWt	Efficiency, %	Price, rubles
DC	Atmos (Czech Republic)	17–75	81–90	85 000
Logano S121 (WT)	Buderus (Germany)	18–38	82–85	92 000
KP PYRO	Dakon (Czech Republic)	21–40	78–85	180 000
M-KST	Bastion (Russia)	20–50	82–85	36 000
Standard-75	BTS (Ukraine)	15–98	82–92	89 300
D.P.	Attack (Slovakia)	10–95	82–90	19 000
DC	Defro (Poland)		82–86	103 000

Advantages and disadvantages

The popularity of gas generating plants provides the following advantages:

1. high efficiency - up to 95%;
2. the possibility of adjusting the combustion processes;
3. complete combustion of fuel - minimal soot formation, no environmental pollution.

Disadvantages:

1. volatility - there are gas-generating boilers that require connection to the mains;
2. exactingness to the moisture content of solid fuel - there are models that do not work on raw wood;
3. high price of a solid fuel boiler - the payback period is 3–5 heating seasons;
4. the need to organize return heating - the problem is solved by installing a mixer;
5. the impossibility of automatic fuel supply is a drawback of the designs of solid fuel boilers of all types.