Maximum permissible concentration of water. Drinking water quality
IN Russian Federation the quality of drinking water must meet certain requirements established by SanPiN 2.1.4.10749-01 "Drinking water". In the European Union (EU), the directive "On the quality of drinking water intended for human consumption" 98/83/EC defines the standards. The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes water quality requirements in the 1992 Guidelines for the Control of Drinking Water Quality. There are also regulations of the Agency for Protection environment United States (U.S.EPA). In the norms, there are slight differences in various indicators, but only water of the appropriate chemical composition ensures human health. The presence of inorganic, organic, biological contaminants, as well as an increased content of non-toxic salts in amounts exceeding those specified in the requirements presented, leads to the development of various diseases.
The main requirements for drinking water are that it must have favorable organoleptic characteristics, be harmless in its chemical composition and safe in epidemiological and radiation terms. Before water is supplied to distribution networks, at water intake points, external and internal water supply networks, the quality of drinking water must comply with hygienic standards.
Table 1. Requirements for the quality of drinking water
| Indicators | Units | Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MAC), not more than | Harm factor | Hazard Class | WHO | U.S.EPA | EU |
| Hydrogen indicator | pH | 6-9 | - | - | 6,5-8,5 | 6,5-8,5 | |
| Total mineralization (dry residue) | mg/l | 1000 (1500) | - | - | 1000 | 500 | 1500 |
| General hardness | mg-eq./l | 7,0 (10) | - | - | - | - | 1,2 |
| Oxidability permanganate | mg/l | 5,0 | - | - | - | - | 5,0 |
| Oil products, total | mg/l | 0,1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Surfactants (surfactants), anionic | mg/l | 0,5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Phenolic index | mg/l | 0,25 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Alkalinity | mgHCO3-/l | - | - | - | - | - | 30 |
| Phenolic index | mg/l | 0,25 | - | - | - | - | - |
| inorganic substances | |||||||
| Aluminum (Al 3+) | mg/l | 0,5 | from. -T. | 2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | mg/l | 2,0 | from. -T. | 3 | 1,5 | - | 0,5 |
| Asbestos | Mill.fiber/l | - | - | - | - | 7,0 | - |
| Barium (Ba2+) | mg/l | 0,1 | -"- | 2 | 0,7 | 2,0 | 0,1 |
| Beryllium (Be2+) | mg/l | 0,0002 | - | 1 | - | 0,004 | - |
| Boron (V, total) | mg/l | 0,5 | - | 2 | 0,3 | - | 1,0 |
| Vanadium (V) | mg/l | 0,1 | from. -T. | 3 | 0,1 | - | - |
| Bismuth (Bi) | mg/l | 0,1 | from. -T. | 2 | 0,1 | - | - |
| Iron (Fe, total) | mg/l | 0,3 (1,0) | org. | 3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,2 |
| Cadmium (Cd, total) | mg/l | 0,001 | from. -T. | 2 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,005 |
| Potassium (K+) | mg/l | - | - | - | - | - | 12,0 |
| Calcium (Ca+2) | mg/l | - | - | - | - | - | 100,0 |
| Cobalt (Co) | mg/l | 0,1 | from. -T. | 2 | - | - | - |
| Silicon (Si) | mg/l | 10,0 | from. -T. | 2 | - | - | - |
| Magnesium (Mg+2) | mg/l | - | from. -T. | - | - | - | 50,0 |
| Manganese (Mn, total) | mg/l | 0,1 (0,5) | org. | 3 | 0,5 (0,1) | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Copper (Cu, total) | mg/l | 1,0 | -"- | 3 | 2,0 (1,0) | 1,0-1,3 | 2,0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo, total) | mg/l | 0,25 | from. -T. | 2 | 0,07 | - | - |
| Arsenic (As, total) | mg/l | 0,05 | from. -T. | 2 | 0,01 | 0,05 | 0,01 |
| Nickel (Ni, total) | mg/l | 0,1 | from. -T. | 3 | - | - | - |
| Nitrates (according to NO 3 -) | mg/l | 45 | from. -T. | 3 | 50,0 | 44,0 | 50,0 |
| Nitrites (according to NO 2 -) | mg/l | 3,0 | - | 2 | 3,0 | 3,5 | 0,5 |
| Mercury (Hg, total) | mg/l | 0,0005 | from. -T. | 1 | 0,001 | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Lead (Pb, total) | mg/l | 0,03 | -"- | 2 | 0,01 | 0,015 | 0,01 |
| Selenium (Se, total) | mg/l | 0,01 | - | 2 | 0,01 | 0,05 | 0,01 |
| Silver (Ag+) | mg/l | 0,05 | - | 2 | - | 0,1 | 0,01 |
| Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) | mg/l | 0,03 | org. | 4 | 0,05 | - | - |
| Strontium (Sg 2+) | mg/l | 7,0 | -"- | 2 | - | - | - |
| Sulphates (S0 4 2-) | mg/l | 500 | org. | 4 | 250,0 | 250,0 | 250,0 |
| Fluorides F - (for climatic regions) | |||||||
| I and II | mg/l | 1,5 | from. -T. | 2 | 1,5 | 2,0-4,0 | 1,5 |
| III | mg/l | 1,2 | -"- | 2 | |||
| Chlorides (Сl -) | mg/l | 350 | org. | 4 | 250,0 | 250,0 | 250,0 |
| Chromium (Cr 3+) | mg/l | 0,5 | from. -T. | 3 | - | 0.1 (total) | - |
| Chromium (Cr 6+) | mg/l | 0,05 | from. -T. | 3 | 0,05 | 0,05 | |
| Cyanides (CN -) | mg/l | 0,035 | -"- | 2 | 0,07 | 0,2 | 0,05 |
| Zinc (Zn2+) | mg/l | 5,0 | org. | 3 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 |
s.-t. – sanitary-toxicological; org. – organoleptic.
State system of sanitary and epidemiological regulation of the Russian Federation
Federal Sanitary Rules, Norms and Hygiene Standards
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY IN PUBLIC PLACES
Drinking water.
Hygienic requirements for water quality
centralized drinking water supply systems.
Quality control.
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96
Foreword
2. Approved and put into effect by the Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 24, 1996 No. 26.
3. Introduced for the first time.
Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population
"Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter - sanitary rules) - regulations that establish criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions his life activity. Sanitary rules are mandatory for all government bodies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of subordination and form of ownership, officials and citizens" (Article 3).
"A sanitary offense is an unlawful, guilty (deliberate or careless) act (action or inaction) related to non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules ... Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who allowed sanitary offense may be subject to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability" (Article 27).
1 area of use
1.1. Sanitary rules and norms "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control" (hereinafter¾ Sanitary rules) establish hygiene requirements to the quality of drinking water, as well as the rules for monitoring the quality of water produced and supplied centralized systems drinking water supply of populated areas (hereinafter¾ water supply systems).
1.2. These Sanitary Rules have been developed on the basis of the Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens", Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation.
1.3. Sanitary rules are intended for state bodies executive power and local governments, enterprises, organizations, institutions and other legal entities (hereinafter¾ organizations), officials and citizens-entrepreneurs without education legal entity whose activities are related to the design, construction, operation of water supply systems and provision of the population drinking water, as well as organizations exercising state and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.4. Sanitary rules apply to water supplied by water supply systems and intended for public consumption for drinking and domestic purposes, for use in the processing of food raw materials and production food products, their storage and trade, as well as for the production of products requiring the use of drinking-quality water.
1.5. Hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water for non-centralized water supply are established by SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96.
1.6. Hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water produced by autonomous water supply systems, individual devices for the preparation of water, as well as sold to the public in bottles or containers, are installed by special sanitary regulations and norms.
2.1. Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated April 19, 1991
2.2. Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994 No. 625.
2.3. Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994 No. 625.
2.4. Guidelines for drinking water quality control. World Health Organization. (Geneva, second annotated edition, 1994)
2.5. Sanitary rules and norms.
2.6. Hygienic standards "Radiation safety standards (NRB-96)". GN 2.6.1.054-96.
2.7. State standard "Sources of centralized domestic drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules". GOST 2761-84.
3. General provisions
3.1. The requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be met when developing state standards, building codes and rules in the field of drinking water supply for the population, design and technical documentation water supply systems, as well as in the construction and operation of water supply systems.
3.2. The quality of drinking water supplied by the water supply system must comply with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules.
3.3. Indicators characterizing the regional characteristics of the chemical composition of drinking water are set individually for each water supply system in accordance with the rules specified in Appendix 1.
3.4. Based on the requirements of these Sanitary Rules, the organization operating the water supply system develops a work program production control water quality (hereinafter¾ work program) in accordance with the rules specified in Appendix 1. Working programm is coordinated with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the city or district (hereinafter referred to as the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance) and approved by the relevant local government.
3.5. In the event of emergencies or technical violations at the facilities and structures of the water supply system that lead or may lead to a deterioration in the quality of drinking water and the conditions of water supply to the population, the organization operating the water supply system is obliged to immediately take measures to eliminate them and inform the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision about this.
An organization that carries out production control of the quality of drinking water is also obliged to immediately inform the center of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision about each result of a laboratory study of water samples that does not meet hygienic standards.
3.6. In cases associated with natural phenomena that cannot be foreseen in advance, or with emergency situations that cannot be eliminated immediately, temporary deviations from the hygienic standards for the quality of drinking water can be allowed only in terms of chemical composition affecting organoleptic properties.
3.6.1. Deviations from hygiene standards are allowed under the following conditions:
— providing the population with drinking water cannot be achieved in any other way;
— compliance with the maximum agreed with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance tolerances from hygienic standards;
— maximum limitation of the duration of derogations;
— no threat to public health during the period of deviations;
— providing information to the public about the introduction of deviations and the timing of their validity, about the absence of a risk to health, as well as about recommendations for the use of drinking water.
3.6.2. The decision on a temporary deviation from the hygienic standards for the quality of drinking water is taken by the local government in agreement with the chief state sanitary doctor for the relevant territory.
3.6.3. Simultaneously with the adoption of a decision on temporary deviation from hygienic standards, an action plan is approved to ensure water quality that meets hygienic standards, including a work schedule, deadlines for their implementation and amounts of funding.
3.7. The supply of drinking water to the population is prohibited or its use is limited in the following cases:
¾ in set time temporary deviations from hygienic standards have not been eliminated; the reasons for the deterioration in the quality of drinking water have not been eliminated;
¾ the water supply system does not ensure the production and supply of drinking water to the population, the quality of which meets the requirements of these Sanitary Rules, and therefore there is a real danger to public health.
3.7.1. The decision to prohibit or restrict the use of drinking water by the population from a particular water supply system is taken by the local government by decision of the chief state sanitary doctor for the relevant territory based on an assessment of the danger and risk to public health associated with both further consumption of water that does not meet hygienic standards, and with the termination or restriction of its use for drinking and domestic purposes.
3.7.2. If a decision is made to prohibit or restrict the use of drinking water by local governments, organizations that ensure the operation of the water supply system, they develop in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and take measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes of deterioration in its quality and providing the population with drinking water that meets the requirements of Sanitary rules.
3.7.3. The local self-government body, the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision without fail inform the population about decision on the prohibition or restriction of the use of drinking water, its quality, measures taken, as well as recommendations on the actions of the population in this situation.
4. Hygienic requirements and drinking water quality standards
4.1. Drinking water should be safe in epidemic and radiation terms, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties.
4.2. The quality of drinking water must comply with hygienic standards before it enters the distribution network, as well as at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply networks.
Table 1
|
Indicators |
Units |
Regulations |
|
thermotolerant coliform bacteria |
Number of bacteria per 100 ml 1) |
Absence |
|
Common coliform bacteria 2) |
Number of bacteria per 100 ml 1) |
Absence |
|
Total microbial count 2) |
Number of colony-forming bacteria per ml |
No more than 50 |
|
Coliphages 3) |
The number of plaque forming units (PFU) in 100 ml |
Absence |
|
Spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia 4) |
Number of spores in 20 ml |
Absence |
|
Giardia cysts 3) |
The number of cysts in 50 liters |
Absence |
Notes:
1) When determining, a three-time study of 100 ml of the selected water sample is carried out.
2) Exceeding the standard is not allowed in 95% of samples taken at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network for 12 months, with the number of samples being studied at least 100 per year.
3) The determination is carried out only in water supply systems from surface sources before water is supplied to the distribution network.
4) The definition is carried out when evaluating the effectiveness of water treatment technology.
4.3.1. In the study of microbiological indicators of the quality of drinking water in each sample, the determination of thermotolerant coliform bacteria, total coliform bacteria, total microbial number and coliphages is carried out.
4.3.2. If thermotolerant coliform bacteria and (or) common coliform bacteria and (or) coliphages are found in a sample of drinking water, their determination is carried out in water samples repeatedly taken on an emergency basis. In such cases, to identify the causes of pollution, the determination of chlorides, ammonium nitrogen, nitrates and nitrites is carried out simultaneously.
4.3.3. If more than 2 common coliform bacteria per 100 ml and (or) thermotolerant coliform bacteria and (or) coliphages are found in repeated water samples, a study of water samples is carried out to determine pathogenic bacteria of the intestinal group and (or) enteroviruses.
4.4. Studies of drinking water for the presence of pathogenic bacteria of the intestinal group and enteroviruses are also carried out according to epidemiological indications by decision of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
4.3.5. Water tests for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms can only be carried out in laboratories that have permission to work with pathogens of the corresponding pathogenicity group and a license to perform these works.
4.4. The safety of drinking water in terms of chemical composition is determined by its compliance with the standards for:
4.4.1. Generalized indicators and content of harmful chemical substances, most commonly found in natural waters on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as substances of anthropogenic origin that have become globally distributed (table 2);
table 2
|
Indicators |
Units |
Hazard indicator 1) |
Hazard Class |
|
|
Generalized indicators |
||||
|
Hydrogen indicator, |
pH units |
within 6 ¾ 9 |
||
|
Total mineralization (dry residue) |
mg/l |
1000 (1500) 2) |
||
|
General hardness |
mmol/l |
7,0 (10) 2) |
||
|
Oxidability permanganate |
mg/l |
|||
|
Oil products, total |
mg/l |
|||
|
Surfactants (surfactants), anionic |
mg/l |
|||
|
Phenolic index |
mg/l |
0,25 |
||
|
inorganic substances |
||||
|
Aluminum (Al 3+) |
mg/l |
s.-t. |
||
|
Barium (Ba 2+) |
||||
|
Beryllium (Be 2+) |
0,0002 |
|||
|
Boron (V, total) |
||||
|
Iron (Fe, total) |
0.3 (1.0) 2) org. |
|||
|
Cadmium (Cd, total) |
0,001 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Manganese (Mn, total) |
0,1 (0,5) 2) |
org. |
||
|
Copper (Cu, total) |
||||
|
Molybdenum (Mo, total) |
0,25 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Arsenic (As, total) |
0,05 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Nickel (Ni, total) |
mg/l |
s.-t. |
||
|
Nitrates (according to NO 3) |
org. |
|||
|
Mercury (Hg, total) |
0,0005 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Lead (Pb, total) |
0,03 |
|||
|
Selenium (Se, total) |
0,01 |
|||
|
Strontium (Sr 2+) |
||||
|
Sulphates (SO 4 2 - ) |
org. |
|||
|
Fluorides (F - ) |
||||
|
for climatic regions |
||||
|
I and II |
s.-t. |
|||
|
Chlorides (Сl - ) |
org. |
|||
|
Chromium (Cr 6+) |
0,05 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Cyanides (CN - ) |
0,035 |
|||
|
Zinc (Zn2+) |
org. |
|||
|
organic matter |
||||
|
g-HCCH (lindane) |
0,002 3) |
s.-t. |
||
|
DDT (sum of isomers) |
0,002 3) |
|||
|
2,4-D |
0,03 3) |
|||
Notes:
1) The limiting sign of the harmfulness of the substance for which the standard is set: "s.-t."¾ sanitary-toxicological, "org."¾ organoleptic.
2) The value indicated in brackets can be established by decision of the chief state sanitary doctor for the relevant territory for a specific water supply system based on an assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the settlement and the water treatment technology used.
3) The standards are adopted in accordance with WHO recommendations.
4.4.2. The content of harmful chemicals that enter and form in the water during its treatment in the water supply system (table 3);
Table 3
|
Indicators |
Units |
Standards (maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), no more than |
Harm factor |
Hazard Class |
|
Chlorine 1) |
||||
|
Residual free |
mg/l |
within 0.3 - 0.5 |
org. |
|
|
Residual bound |
within 0.8 - 1.2 |
|||
|
Chloroform (when chlorinating water) |
0,2 2) |
s.-t. |
||
|
Ozone residual 3) |
org. |
|||
|
Formaldehyde (when ozonating water) |
0,05 |
s.-t. |
||
|
Polyacrylamide |
||||
|
Activated silicic acid (by Si) |
||||
|
Polyphosphates (according to PO4 3 - ) |
org. |
|||
|
Residual quantities of aluminum- and iron-containing coagulants |
see indicators "Aluminum", "Iron" of table 2. |
Notes:
1) When disinfecting water with free chlorine, the time of its contact with water should be at least 30 minutes, combined chlorine¾ at least 60 minutes.
Residual chlorine content is monitored before water is supplied to the distribution network.
With the simultaneous presence of free and combined chlorine in water, their total concentration should not exceed 1.2 mg / l.
In some cases, in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, an increased concentration of chlorine in drinking water may be allowed.
2) The standard was adopted in accordance with WHO recommendations.
3) Control over the content of residual ozone is carried out after the displacement chamber, providing a contact time of at least 12 minutes.
4.4.3. The content of harmful chemicals entering water sources as a result of human activities (Appendix 2).
4.4.4. If several chemicals are found in drinking water that belong to hazard classes 1 and 2 and are normalized according to the sanitary-toxicological sign of harmfulness, the sum of the ratios of the detected concentrations of each of them in water to the value of its MPC should not be more than 1. The calculation is carried out according to the formula:
where C 1, C 2, C n ¾ concentrations of individual chemicals of hazard class 1 and 2: fact. (actual) and add. (admissible).
4.5. Favorable organoleptic properties of water are determined by its compliance with the standards indicated in Table 4, as well as the standards for the content of substances that affect the organoleptic properties of water, given in Tables 2 and 3 and in Appendix 2.
Table 4
|
Indicators |
Units |
Standards, no more |
|
Smell |
points |
|
|
smack |
||
|
Chroma |
degrees |
20 (35) 1) |
|
Turbidity |
FMU (formazin turbidity units) or mg/l (for kaolin) |
2,6(3,5) 1) 1,5(2) 1) |
Note:
The value indicated in parentheses can be established by decision of the chief state sanitary doctor for the relevant territory for a specific water supply system based on an assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the settlement and the water treatment technology used.
4.5.1. The presence of aquatic organisms and surface films visible to the naked eye in drinking water is not allowed.
4.6. The radiation safety of drinking water is determined by its compliance with the standards in terms of general a-and b - activities presented in table 5.
Table 5
4.6.1. Identification of radionuclides present in water and measurement of their individual concentrations are carried out when the overall activity standards are exceeded. Evaluation of detected concentrations is carried out in accordance with GN 2.6.1.054-96.
5. Drinking water quality control
5.1. In accordance with the Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", the quality of drinking water must be subject to production control, state and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
5.2. Production quality control of drinking water is provided by the organization that operates the water supply system according to the work program.
The organization operating the water supply system in accordance with the work program constantly monitors the quality of water at water intake points, before entering the distribution network, as well as at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network.
5.3. The number and frequency of water samples at water intake points taken for laboratory research are established taking into account the requirements specified in Table 6.
Table 6
|
Types of indicators |
For underground sources |
|
|
Microbiological |
4 (according to the seasons of the year) |
12 (monthly) |
|
not held |
||
|
Organoleptic |
4 (according to the seasons of the year) |
12 (monthly) |
|
Generalized indicators |
||
|
4 (according to the seasons of the year) |
||
|
Radiological |
||
5.4. The types of indicators to be determined and the number of tested samples of drinking water before it enters the distribution network are established taking into account the requirements specified in Table 7.
Table 7
|
Number of samples within one year, not less than |
||||||
|
For underground sources |
For surface sources |
|||||
|
Types of indicators |
Population supplied with water from this water supply system, thousand people |
|||||
|
up to 20 |
20-100 |
Over 100 |
up to 100 |
Over 100 |
||
|
Microbiological |
50 1) |
150 2) |
365 3) |
365 3) |
365 3) |
|
|
not held |
12 4) |
12 4) |
||||
|
Organoleptic |
50 1) |
150 2) |
365 3) |
365 3) |
365 3) |
|
|
Generalized indicators |
4 4) |
6 5) |
12 6) |
12 6) |
24 7) |
|
|
Inorganic and organic substances |
4 4) |
12 6) |
||||
|
Indicators related to water treatment technology |
Residual chlorine, residual ozone¾ at least once per hour, other reagents at least once per shift |
|||||
|
Radiological |
||||||
Notes:
1. The following frequency of water sampling is accepted: 1) ¾ weekly, 2) ¾ three times a week, 3)¾ daily, 4) ¾ once a season of the year, 5)¾ once every two months, 6)¾ monthly, 7)¾ twice a month.
2. In the absence of disinfection of water in a water supply system from underground sources that provides water to a population of up to 20 thousand people, sampling for research on microbiological and organoleptic indicators is carried out at least once a month.
3. For the period of floods and emergency situations, an enhanced drinking water quality control regime should be established in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
5.5. Production quality control of drinking water in the distribution water supply network is carried out according to microbiological and organoleptic indicators with the frequency indicated in Table 8.
Table 8
|
Number of planted population, thousand people |
Number of samples per month |
|
to 10 |
|
|
10-20 |
|
|
20-50 |
|
|
50-100 |
|
|
over 100 |
100 + 1 sample for every 5 thousand people, over 100 thousand people |
Note:
The number of samples does not include mandatory control samples after repair and other technical work on the distribution network.
5.6. Sampling in the distribution network is carried out from street water-dispensing devices in its most elevated and dead-end sections, as well as from taps of internal water supply networks of all houses with pumping and local water tanks.
5.7. Production control of drinking water quality in accordance with the work program is carried out by laboratories of organizations operating water supply systems, or under contracts with them by laboratories of other organizations duly accredited for the right to perform studies (tests) of drinking water quality.
5.8. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision of the quality of drinking water is carried out by the centers of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the relevant territories, departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision¾ sanitary and epidemiological institutions, organizations and subdivisions of federal executive bodies authorized to carry out this function.
5.9. The organization and conduct of state and departmental sanitary and epidemiological surveillance is carried out in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia in a planned manner and according to sanitary and epidemiological indications.
5.10. For laboratory studies (measurements) of drinking water quality, metrologically certified methods are allowed that meet the requirements of GOST 8.563-96 and GOST 8.556-91, the established values of the error indicators of which do not exceed the error standards in accordance with GOST 27384-87, as well as methods approved or admitted to application by the State Standard of Russia or the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia. Water sampling for analysis is carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards.
Attachment 1
(mandatory)
REGULATIONS
establishing controlled indicators of drinking water quality and drawing up a working program for production control of drinking water quality
1. The procedure for organizing work on the selection of indicators of the chemical composition of drinking water
1.1. In accordance with clause 3.3. of these Sanitary Rules, the selection of indicators of the chemical composition of drinking water subject to constant production control is carried out for each water supply system based on the results of an assessment of the chemical composition of water from water supply sources, as well as the technology for the production of drinking water in the water supply system.
1.2. The choice of indicators characterizing the chemical composition of drinking water for conducting extended studies is carried out by the organization operating the water supply system together with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the city, district in two stages.
1.2.1. At the first stage, the organization operating the water supply system, together with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, analyzes the following materials for a period of at least the last 3 years:
State statistical reporting of enterprises and organizations, as well as other official data on the composition and volumes Wastewater, entering the water supply sources above the place of water intake within their catchment area;
Bodies of nature protection, hydrometeorological services, management water resources, geology and subsoil use, enterprises and organizations on the quality of surface, groundwater and drinking water in the water supply system based on the results of their monitoring of water quality and production control;
Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance based on the results of sanitary inspections of enterprises and organizations that carry out economic activity and which are sources of pollution of surface and ground waters, as well as the results of studies of water quality in places of water use of the population and in the water supply system;
Governing bodies and organizations Agriculture on the range and gross volume of pesticides and agrochemicals used in the catchment area (for a surface source) and within the zone sanitary protection(for an underground source). Based on the analysis carried out, a list of substances is compiled that characterize the chemical composition of the water of a particular source of water supply and have hygienic standards in accordance with Appendix 2 of these Sanitary Rules.
1.2.2. At the second stage, the organization operating the water supply system conducts extended laboratory research water according to the compiled list of chemicals, as well as according to the indicators given in Table 2 of these Sanitary Rules.
1.2.2.1. For a water supply system using reagent methods of water treatment, when conducting extended studies before supplying water to the distribution network, the indicators indicated in Table 3 of these Sanitary Rules are additionally included.
1.2.2.2. Extended laboratory studies of water are carried out for one year at the points of water intake of the water supply system, and in the presence of water treatment or mixing of water from different water intakes - also before supplying drinking water to the distribution network.
1.2.2.3. The minimum number of studied water samples, depending on the type of water supply source, which allows to ensure the uniformity of obtaining information on water quality throughout the year, is taken:
For underground sources - 4 samples per year, taken in each season;
For surface sources - 12 samples per year, taken monthly.
1.2.2.4. If it is necessary to obtain more representative and reliable information about chemical composition water and the dynamics of the concentrations of substances present in it, the number of water samples and their frequency should be increased in accordance with the tasks of assessing the quality of water from a water supply source.
1.2.2.5. When conducting extended studies, it is recommended to use modern universal physical and chemical methods for studying aquatic environments (chromato-mass-spectrometric and others), which allow obtaining the most complete information about the chemical composition of water.
1.3. The Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision analyzes the results of extended studies of the chemical composition of water for each water supply system and, taking into account the assessment of the sanitary and hygienic conditions for the drinking water use of the population and the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the city, locality, area, the potential danger of the impact of chemicals present in the water on public health is determined.
1.4. Based on the assessment, the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Center develops proposals for a list of monitored indicators, the number and frequency of drinking water sampling for continuous production control.
2. The procedure for drawing up a work program for the production control of the quality of drinking water
2.1. The organization operating the water supply system on the basis of these Sanitary Rules develops a work program.
2.2. For a water supply system with several water intakes, a work program is drawn up for each water intake, taking into account its characteristics. For underground water intakes, combined common area sanitary protection and exploiting one aquifer, one work program can be drawn up if there is a hydrogeological justification.
2.3. The work program must contain:
2.3.1. The list of controlled indicators of water quality and their hygienic standards established by these Sanitary Rules:
¾ organoleptic (clause 4.5., table 4);
¾ radiological (clause 4.6., table 5);
¾ generalized (clause 4.4.1., table 2);
¾ residual amounts of reagents (clause 4.4.2., Table 3);
¾ chemicals selected for permanent monitoring in accordance with the rules specified in section 1 of this annex (clause 4.4.1., table 2 and clause 4.4.3., appendix 2 of the Sanitary Rules).
2.3.2. Methods for determining controlled indicators.
2.3.3. Plan of water sampling points at water intake points, before water is delivered to the distribution network of the water supply system (in the tank clean water) and at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network;
2.3.4. The number of controlled water samples and the frequency of their selection for laboratory studies (tests), a list of indicators determined in the studied water samples.
2.3.5. Calendar schedules for water sampling and their research (testing).
2.4. The number of studied water samples and the frequency of their selection are determined for each water supply system individually, taking into account the proposals of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, but should not be lower than those established in paragraph 5.3., table 6. paragraph 5.4., table 7 and paragraph 5.5., table 8 of these Sanitary rules.
2.5. The work program should provide for a monthly analysis of the results of water quality control and determine the procedure for transmitting information on the results of control to the administration of the water supply system, the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and the local government.
2.6. The work program is submitted for approval to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the city, district and subsequent approval by the administration of the relevant local government.
2.7. The work program is approved for a period of not more than 5 years. During the specified period, changes and additions may be made to the work program in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
Appendix 2
(mandatory)
HYGIENIC STANDARDS FOR THE CONTENT OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN DRINKING WATER
1. This list includes hygiene standards harmful substances in drinking water. It includes individual chemicals that may be present in drinking water in the specified form and can be identified by modern analytical methods.
2. Chemical substances are listed according to the structure of organic and inorganic compounds. Each subsection is an extension of the corresponding section. Within the subsections, the substances are arranged in ascending order of the numerical values of their standards.
If the structure of the molecule of an organic substance allows it to be simultaneously attributed to several chemical classes, then in the list it is placed according to the functional group, with the highest expansion index (according to horizontal heading).
Organic acids, including pesticides, are normalized by anion, regardless of the form in which the given acid is presented in the list (as an acid, its anion, or its salt).
Elements and cations (item 1 of section " inorganic substances") are normalized in total for all oxidation states, unless otherwise indicated.
3. The list has the following vertical heading.
3.1. The first column of the list contains the most commonly used chemical names.
3.2. The second column lists synonyms for chemical names and some trivial and common names.
3.3. The third column shows the MPC or TAC values in mg/l, where:
MPC ¾ maximum concentrations at which substances do not have a direct or indirect effect on human health (when exposed to the body throughout life) and do not worsen the hygienic conditions of water consumption;
ODEs (marked with an asterisk)¾ indicative acceptable levels substances in tap water, developed on the basis of calculated and express experimental methods for predicting toxicity.
If the guideline value column indicates “absent”, this means that the concentration of this compound in drinking water must be below the detection limit of the method of analysis used.
3.4. The fourth column indicates the limiting sign of the harmfulness of substances for which the standard is set:
S.-t. ¾ sanitary and toxicological;
Org. ¾ organoleptic with deciphering the nature of changes in the organoleptic properties of water (zap.¾ changes the smell of water; env.¾ gives color to water Pen.¾ causes the formation of foam; sq.¾ forms a film on the surface of the water; inoculation¾ gives water a taste; op.¾ causes opalescence).
3.5. The fifth column indicates the hazard class of the substance:
1st class ¾ extremely dangerous;
2 class ¾ highly dangerous;
3 class ¾ dangerous;
4th grade ¾ moderately dangerous.
The classification is based on indicators characterizing a different degree of danger to humans. chemical compounds, polluting drinking water depending on toxicity, cumulativeness, ability to cause long-term effects, limiting indicator of harmfulness.
Hazard classes of substances take into account:
¾ in the selection of compounds subject to priority control in drinking water;
¾ when establishing a sequence of water protection measures that require additional capital investments;
¾ in determining the priority of the development of selective methods for the analytical control of substances in water.
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