Rooftop boiler room of a multi-storey building. Gas boilers for apartment buildings

Payment for utilities by owners and users of premises in multi-apartment buildings is made in accordance with the "Rules for the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in multi-apartment buildings and residential buildings”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). It follows from the question that heating water for heating your apartment building carried out by gas in an individual heating point. Thus, in your house there is no district heating, and heating is carried out using equipment that is part of the common property of the owners of premises in apartment building.In this case, the calculation of the payment for heating is carried out by the management company (utility service provider) based on the volume of communal resources used during the billing period for heating and tariffs for the used communal resources. In the production of thermal energy for heating, the following types of communal resources are used: gas; cold water; electric energy. The amount of payment (P i) for heating for the billing month in the i-th apartment is determined by the formula: Pi = ( VG* T g +Vuh* T e +Vin* T c) *Si/ Sabout, where: VG- the volume of gas used for the billing month in the production of utility services for heating (Gcal); T g— gas tariff in the billing period (RUB/Gcal); Vuh- the volume of electricity used for the billing month in the production of utility services for heating (kWh); T e— tariff for electricity in the billing period (rubles/kWh); Vin- the volume of cold water used for the billing month in the production of utility services for heating (m³); T in- tariff for cold water in the billing period (rubles/m³); Si— area of ​​the apartment (m²); Sabout- the total area of ​​​​all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in an apartment building (m²). Thus, the resources used in the billing month for the heating utility service are distributed to the owners (users) in the apartment building in proportion to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises. In accordance with the Rules, the volume of resources (in this case, gas, cold water and electricity) used for heating in the billing months are determined based on the readings of the metering device that fix their volumes. water and electricity) for heating and hot water supply, the amount of resources for heating is determined by the specific costs of such a resource for the production of 1 Gcal for heating purposes. It should be noted that if the heating of an apartment building is carried out using equipment that is part of the common property of the owners of the premises in an apartment building me (in this case, an individual heating point), the costs of maintaining and repairing such equipment are not included in the payment for heating, but are subject to inclusion in the payment for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building. Chief Economist of Yurenergo Group of Companies Isaeva T.V.

To the fullest extent, the issues of increasing energy efficiency and saving energy resources aroused the interest of consumers and officials only after the adoption of the relevant law.
First of all, the increase in energy efficiency should affect the housing and communal services, as the most unprofitable and poorly organized industry National economy. On the Internet, you can find a lot of these reports on the energy audit carried out by various companies that have nothing in common in different cities of the country.
At the same time, they amaze with the unity of data: in apartment buildings older than ten years, up to 70% of thermal energy is lost to the atmosphere, and people, paying for it in full, often freeze in their apartments.
main reason This state of affairs lies in the irrational use of heat, its losses during transportation, as well as the inertia of the sales company.
Everyone is familiar with the picture when entire cities freeze during early autumn frosts, waiting for the beginning of the mythical heating season or "burn out from the heat" in the spring, dreaming of its end. At the same time, for all these inconveniences, consumers are also forced to pay a considerable amount of money.
All this happens due to the great inertia of enterprises that produce and supply heat. Usually, we are talking about district boiler houses that provide entire residential areas with thermal energy and about thermal networks that supply it to consumers.
Their work can be compared to a heavy train, which is not easy to disperse, and even more difficult to stop. So, for example, the beginning of the heating season is similar to the acceleration of the train, and its end, to braking.

To make your home feel good and cozy…
In order for the houses to be good and cozy, they must be warm. At the same time, its supply should begin and end not depending on the heating season, but in exact accordance with the weather. It got colder, we start to drown, it became hot, we stop. This can be done using your own autonomous heating system, based on your personal boiler installed in the apartment. However, it is more convenient and practical to install the boiler not in the apartment itself, but in a special furnace room.
In an apartment building, this furnace room can be located on the roof of the house. This is not only convenient in terms of supplying heated water to consumers, but also allows you to do without chimneys, the construction of which in houses of 16 or even 20 floors is a real problem.
It should be remembered that flue gases must be evacuated to a height several meters higher than the height of the building. From this point of view, the location of the boiler room in an apartment building on its roof is the most preferable option of all others.
Let's note right away. That the location of the boiler house in the courtyard of the house on the territory adjacent to it is also difficult, because its chimney must be higher than the neighboring houses, and the movement of flue gases, determined by the wind rose, should not encounter obstacles in its path in the form of residential buildings.
Find a place where it would be possible to build a boiler house next to high-rise buildings in big city almost impossible.
There is only one conclusion: the roof for the location of the boiler room of an apartment building is the best option.

But if all tenants of one house want to refuse services central heating…
But if all residents of one house want to refuse central heating services, then they need to unite and make one common boiler room for the whole house or for a single entrance. We list a number of advantages of an autonomous boiler house, comparing it with conventional central heating:
Reduction of heat losses during its transportation
No costs for heat transportation
Accurate and transparent accounting of received thermal energy
Ability to turn on the heating when needed
Possibility of regulation of heat consumption
Possibility of supplying heat to preheat cold air for the ventilation system

The list of works that are necessary for the installation of an autonomous boiler room
As already mentioned, in order to switch to autonomous heating of a house or entrance, it is necessary to make an appropriate decision on general meeting tenants. Then you need to develop a project for the boiler room and its connection to the heating system.

The project must be coordinated in the state supervision organizations:
Fire safety service
Sanitary Supervision Service
urban architecture
technical supervision

All this is done to ensure the safety of the house and the people living in it.
For reference: you can not install boiler rooms on the roofs of schools, kindergartens and educational institutions, hospitals and sanatoriums, as well as on the roofs storage facilities and explosive industries.

About the choice of equipment for a rooftop boiler room
The efficiency of an autonomous boiler room depends on the performance of the boilers used in it, so the advantage should be given to modern high-performance equipment, among which the leading positions belong to wall-mounted condensing boilers.
This heat generating equipment is compact, efficient and absolutely safe. One small boiler can heat an area of ​​2000 square meters. Two boilers are quite enough for one entrance, but you can install any number of them and effectively heat the entire apartment building, also heating the air for the ventilation system.
In addition, condensing boilers are 15% more efficient than conventional gas boilers.

Question from a reader: “Please help me understand the issue of the cost of heating and hot water supply. Our home serves Management Company, there is a rooftop boiler house on the roof of the house, but the cost of heating and hot water services is at the city level. Why and what then is the advantage of a rooftop boiler? And who, after wear and tear in a few years, will pay for the purchase of a new boiler?

So, considering this issue, we decided to highlight a few points regarding autonomous heating.

1. What are the principles for setting tariffs for heating and hot water services in the case of a rooftop boiler?

2. What are the advantages of autonomous heating (roof boiler)?

3. Maintenance and repair of equipment for autonomous heating.

1. An autonomous boiler room (in particular, a roof-top one) is a room with a heat generator or a whole complex of buildings created to generate heat for the purpose of heating one building. The boiler room is the main element of a decentralized heating and hot water supply system (DHW) and may be owned by residents or owned by a legal entity (for example, the Management Company).

In the event that the rooftop boiler house is the common property of the residents of an apartment building, the payment for the consumed resources is set by the owners on the basis of an agreement with a resource supply organization (RSO). RSO only serves the rooftop boiler house (homeowners and the resource supplying organization conclude a contract for the performance of work). And the decisive role in setting tariffs is assigned to the contractor of public services, which RSO is not here. The contractor of public services (the HOA can serve as such) is guided by the Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 307, according to which “in the production of thermal energy for heating an apartment building using an autonomous heating system, which is part of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building (in the absence of centralized heating), the amount of payment for heating is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for the fuel used for the production of thermal energy ... "and" in the preparation hot water using in-house engineering systems apartment building (in the absence of centralized hot water preparation), the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and fuel used to prepare hot water ... ”(clause 18)

If the resource supplying organization (RSO), being legal entity, owns a rooftop boiler house (homeowners and a resource supplying organization enter into a boiler house purchase and sale agreement), then it is a heat supply organization and utility service provider (according to federal law RF No. 190 "On Heat Supply") with activities regulated by the state. Therefore, the tariffs for resource consumption are set by the state department according to the tariffs of the city (region) administration. Up-to-date information all tariffs can be found on the official website of the department.

In order to find the answer, on what basis the cost of services for heat and hot water is calculated, one should find out how legal relations are organized in the situation under consideration. If the Management Company is the full owner of the rooftop boiler house (there is a boiler house purchase and sale agreement), then the billing should be carried out at citywide rates.

If it turns out that your Management Company is not a utility provider and only serves the boiler house, the tariffing does not comply with the legislation of the Russian government, and you can apply to the Court with a claim.

2. Roof boilers, which are equipped on the roof of an apartment building, have a number of advantages over the usual centralized systems heating and hot water.

a. Perhaps the main and serious argument in favor of using autonomous heating and rooftop boilers is significant savings energy resources. According to statistics, rooftop boilers reduce resource costs by 45% compared to centralized open systems.

b. Heating system- managed. This means that the owners of the house have the right to regulate temperature regime during the heating season and during the day. In practice, it can be seen that such heating control allows saving up to 30% on fuel bills.

in. Rooftop boilers do not require constant maintenance, so the presence of people during the operation of the boiler is not necessary. Full control for the state and operation of the boiler house is carried out through the control room.

d. The boiler room, located on the roof of the building, eliminates a number of problems:

- No need to allocate space land plot for the construction of a boiler house;

- gives free access to the pipeline;

– provides excellent conditions for equipment (no pressure on pipes, units, boilers, etc.);

- convenient air supply to the boilers;

- saving material for the manufacture of a chimney.

e. The safety of operation of rooftop boilers is another big plus in the direction of autonomous heating. In the event of unauthorized entry of smoke emissions into the apartment, the risk of a serious accident is not high.

e. Roof boilers are environmentally friendly due to good dispersion and volatilization of gases.

3. Returning to Decree No. 307 “On the Procedure for Providing Public Services to Citizens”, one can see that “... the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for the production of thermal energy, as well as the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for cooking hot water are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises ”(clause 18 of the RF PP No. 307).

In addition, in accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “the owners of premises in an apartment building bear the burden of maintaining the common property in an apartment building” (Article 39).

Therefore, the installation of a boiler or other failed element of the boiler plant is carried out at the expense of the residents. In practice, the cost of monthly payments for heat and hot water can include interest for unforeseen repairs or installation of a new boiler house, which is required every 25 years.

The heating season in our country starts in mid-September and ends in April. During this period, apartment residents, opening their mailboxes every month, look with indignation at the bills received for public Utilities. Payment for heating almost doubles these figures.

Will the installed rooftop boiler house in an apartment building help provide all residents with heat so that the sums for paying for these services do not “burn out”.

Installation of rooftop boilers

The roof gas boiler is an autonomous system that provides heating and hot water supply in residential and industrial premises

The very name suggests the placement of such a boiler room on the roof in a room specially equipped for this.

The standards for the design, installation and operation of this equipment are prescribed in the SNiP for roof gas boilers. Additions and changes related to the modification and release of more high-tech equipment are indicated in the document P 1-03 Rules for the design of autonomous and rooftop boilers.

Types of roof boilers

The type of building, its technical and operational characteristics, purpose and condition determine the type of a suitable roof boiler:

• built-in type;
• Block - modular type.

If the boiler room needs to be installed on an already built building, block-modular roof boiler rooms are used. They are used in carrying out overhaul homes where the heating system needs a complete overhaul.

The project of such a structure is created on the basis of specifications buildings. The finished boiler room is delivered to the site and installed at a specific location.

Before proceeding with the installation of a block-modular boiler house, they prepare the roof covering:

Experts check the condition bearing walls and the main elements of the building;

superimposed protective covering to the place where the location of the boiler room is planned. As such a coating, a concrete pad with a thickness of at least 20 cm is used.

Measures are being taken to strengthen sound insulation and ensure safety requirements (installation of railings on the roof).

Thermal power plants are connected to the heating network of the building. And already on the spot, the operating mode, the distribution of the coolant are regulated, the connection to the heating and water supply system is made.

The latest developments in the field of boiler equipment have provided for a block-modular design system and the presence of a room for staff.

Important points when installing boiler rooms

Installing a boiler house on the roof of the house involves an additional load on the building structure. To prevent accidents, SNiP provides for mandatory standards:

• It is unacceptable to install a boiler room on the ceiling of living rooms;
• It is unacceptable that the system is adjacent to the walls of residential premises;
• Mandatory installation of the system automatic shutdown for accidents;
• The size of the boiler room should not be more sizes most high-rise building.

Who pays for the installation of the boiler room

Like other common property, the boiler room belongs to the owners of the property. From this it follows that the costs of installation and maintenance are paid by them.

If the device is being installed as part of a building major renovation, the funds invested by residents in the order of payment to the capital renovation fund are used. When the accumulated amount is not enough, the tenants may decide to add money.

The total cost of a rooftop boiler is made up of the money spent on designing, manufacturing, shipping and installing the system. It also includes the costs of installation, adjustment, installation of systems that ensure the safe operation of the boiler room, as well as its insurance. The average price is 5-10 million rubles.

The boiler room on the roof of an apartment building, like other heating systems, has its pros and cons. In order for the device to work efficiently and justify the costs incurred for its installation, you need to carefully approach its choice. At the same time, take into account both the advice of specialists and the reviews of residents.

Advantages

Placing the boiler room directly on the roof of the house allows you to reduce heat losses during the transportation of the coolant to the facility. The amounts spent on paying for heating and hot water are reduced by an average of 30%.

The autonomy of the boiler room allows you to heat the house at a time when the city heating network has not yet started supplying the coolant.

Passing multiple checks during commissioning ensures high level security.

disadvantages

Roof boilers are allowed to be installed on houses no higher than 9 floors.

Powerful vibrations during the operation of the pumps of the system, providing inconvenience to the inhabitants of the upper floors.

High installation cost.

Residents of houses in Soviet houses can wait for weeks for heating to appear in their apartments, while in houses with a roof boiler house it has long been warm. Unfortunately, the installation of such systems on old houses is not always possible, because not every building can withstand such loads.

If you want to keep abreast of news in the field of housing and communal services - read other useful materials on our website.

January, and with it winter, has passed for half. But in our climate it is necessary to heat houses both in spring and autumn, and hot water is generally needed. all year round. And I would like to receive heat and hot water at minimal cost. Desirable - reducing to zero losses on heating mains. We talked about individual boilers in the material "". Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of another option for the reconstruction of the heating system - rooftop boilers.

Roof boiler is offline source heating, designed to heat and provide hot water to residential buildings. As the name implies, it is erected on the roof of the building, in a specially equipped room. We will not consider stationary roof boilers here. They are constructed at the construction stage of the building, are linked to it in terms of design and infrastructure, so local and regional authorities do not have questions about them. However, it can be recommended to build stationary rooftop boiler houses with a shortage of thermal power in the built-up microdistrict.

But block-modular roof boiler rooms are purchased for already finished building. The block-modular boiler house is manufactured to the required parameters, assembled by the supplier company, transported to the installation and commissioning site in already ready-made is backed by a manufacturer's warranty. Its connection to heating networks takes an extremely short time. Another very interesting and useful property block-modular roof boilers: their heating point can be located not only in the boiler room itself, but also in the basement of the consumer building, on the basement or on the first floor.

The heat point consists of elements of thermal power plants that ensure the connection of these plants to the heating network, their operability, control of heat consumption modes, transformation, regulation of coolant parameters and distribution of the coolant by type of consumer. It transfers hot water to heating systems, to the hot water supply system. It also supplies heat to the ventilation system of a residential building (without which, say, elementary pipes of garbage chutes would turn into a source of extremely bad smell, and icy winds would whistle along the risers in the bathrooms).

But why is it so important that in the case of a block-modular boiler house it can be placed in the basement of the consumer building, as well as on the basement or on the first floor? Yes, because it makes it possible to link the block-modular roof boiler room with the heating, hot water supply and ventilation systems available in the house. Risers, wiring, heating devices - all this will remain in place. Noisy pumps will also remain in the basement or basement, driving water up. At the same time, the block-modular roof-top boiler house operating on gas is in fact a huge individual heating boiler, this gives us the opportunity to formulate its advantages.

First of all, it eliminates losses in the heating main, which will reduce current heating costs due to saving resources; eliminates the risk of being left without heat and hot water in the event of a break in communications. If the capacity of centralized boiler houses in the microdistrict is not enough to ensure the proper parameters of the coolant in cold weather, it will provide the house with heat in any conditions. These are its advantages, common with individual heating boilers.

The second group of advantages distinguishes it in better side from individual boilers. Well, the most important thing is the ability to preserve the very wiring that was originally laid by the builders of the house. After all, having hung a heating boiler in the kitchen or in the hallway, we will be forced to lead pipes to it from batteries located throughout the apartment (previously, batteries were powered from vertical risers, and horizontal connections to them ran through attics and basements). So the house is switching to individual boilers - each apartment will inevitably undergo significant repairs, which may not be at all in the plans and financial capabilities of the residents). And in the case of a roof boiler room, these unpleasant troubles can be avoided.

The third group of virtues is associated with exploitation. Unlike a gas column that worked in a short-term mode, an individual heating boiler during the heating period, seven months in our latitudes, burns constantly. It is, of course, automated. But still, it’s good if a large family lives in the apartment and someone makes sure that the younger ones do not get to the boiler with a set of screwdrivers.

On the other hand, the flexibility of an individual heating boiler is, of course, higher than in the case of a centralized modular roof boiler. You can start it in heating mode and just on a too cool and wet summer day - in the case of a rooftop boiler, a decision by the house council or a similar body will be needed.

So when does it make sense to install individual heating boilers, and when - to take an interest in rooftop boilers?

The answer to this question will give you economics. First of all, it must be borne in mind that the transition of the house to individual boilers, and the installation of rooftop boilers, although it increases the comfort of living, and in the long run gives savings on bills for heating and hot water supply, but is associated with the need for capital investments. If the residents of the house who want to improve the situation with heat supply do not have free funds, then it is better to forget about this option and limit yourself to standard heat saving measures.

If there is a financial opportunity, and especially if it coincided with a major overhaul by a regional operator or the accumulation of any clear funds on a special account at home, you can think about installing a roof boiler. Their prices start from 1.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 200 kW and from 3.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 1000 kW. Considering that on square meter you need an average of 100 watts, this makes it possible to heat houses with total area 2000 sq.m. and 10000 sq.m. respectively. As you can see, power is growing faster than price.

These are not the only costs. The roof boiler room cannot be mounted on the floor slabs under which the living space is located - that is, in the absence of a technical floor, it will have to be erected on part of the roof. Under the roof boiler house there must be waterproofing with a layer thickness of at least 100 mm, and reliable drainage systems. With a building height above 26.5 m (above the standard nine-story building), additional approvals from the fire services will be required. But the guidelines can be given something like this.

For houses with 36 apartments or less, it will most likely be cheaper to install individual heating boilers. But with a hundred apartments and more, the economy will lean very strongly towards the roof boiler house (the effect of capacity growth is faster than the price!). In intermediate cases, calculations are needed various options- this is a responsible and qualified work of construction industry estimators, but we tried to give the most general guidelines and the most general ideas about rooftop boilers.

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