End columns in an industrial building. Reinforced concrete columns for buildings: how are they arranged? What are columns made of?

Monolithic reinforced concrete columns are essential element structures of any modern building. They are used in the construction of commercial, civil, industrial and administrative buildings. In some cases, these details are exclusively decorative element, for example, when designers use them to support balconies, loggias or open terraces. However, it is important that such supports, in addition to aesthetic appearance, also had high performance, because their main purpose is to ensure the strength of the entire structure. Therefore, you should purchase such items only from trusted manufacturers. The Parastek Beton company is an opportunity to purchase columns - reinforced concrete products for favorable prices in Moscow and be sure of impeccable quality. With twenty years of experience in the market for the production of reinforced concrete structures, we offer reliable, strong and durable products that have proven their effectiveness more than once. In this way, reinforced concrete products- the columns are best solution during the construction of any buildings.

Varieties of reinforced concrete columns:

By section type:

Classification by type of manufacture:

The Parastek Beton company is an opportunity to purchase reinforced concrete columns at competitive prices in Moscow and be sure of impeccable quality. With twenty years of experience in the market for the production of reinforced concrete structures, we offer reliable, strong and durable products that have proven their effectiveness more than once. Thus, reinforced concrete products - columns are the best solution for the construction of any buildings.

Concrete concrete columns from Parastek Beton

Reinforced concrete - strong composite material consisting of steel and concrete. Buying reinforced concrete columns means making a choice in favor of the durability of the building, because such elements have practically no expiration date. Parastack Concrete produces supports of any size with different sections, which are distinguished by the following features:

can be used in buildings of any purpose;
suitable for both single-storey and multi-storey structures;
can be made with rectangular or square section(wherein minimum size section of a monolithic reinforced concrete column is 300 by 300 millimeters);
have a high class of fire resistance;
can be produced up to 24 meters high, multi-tiered and solid, if necessary, the construction of several floors, or in the height of one floor;
equipped with cantilever ledges for supporting ceilings, roof beams, etc. (if necessary);
it is possible to create hidden cantilever ledges using the "BSF" system - a steel embedded part is hidden in a beam-rack connection. In this way, the cantilever protrusions are not visible and the beam can be supported. This system suitable for columns with any section;
between themselves, the elements are fastened with bolts or reinforcement, and fastening to the foundation is carried out using glasses, reinforcement outlets or anchor bolts.

Characteristics of rectangular columns

Favorable offer from Parastek Beton

The production of reinforced concrete columns by our company is carried out in accordance with current standards GOST. You can order all the necessary volume of products from us. At the same time, the elements can be manufactured both according to the drawings of the customer, and according to the drawings earned by our design bureau.

The price of reinforced concrete columns always remains affordable and may vary depending on the following characteristics:

type of parts (presence or absence of consoles, section type, etc.);
brand of concrete;
fittings used;

1 0 11 12 ..

Reinforced concrete columns industrial buildings

The columns in the frame system perceive vertical and horizontal permanent and temporary loads. For mass industrial construction, standard designs of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns for buildings with supporting overhead cranes and for craneless buildings have been developed.

Reinforced concrete columns for buildings with overhead cranes have consoles for supporting crane beams. For craneless buildings, columns without consoles are used.

By location in the building system, the columns are divided into extreme (located at the outer longitudinal walls), middle and end (located at the outer transverse (end) walls).

For craneless buildings with a height of 3 to 14.4 m, columns of constant section have been developed (Fig. 7). The dimensions of the column section depend on the load and length of the columns, their pitch and location (in the outer or middle rows) and can be square (300x300, 400x400 mm) or rectangular (from 500x400 to 800x400 mm). They are buried in the foundations by 750 - 850 mm.

Rice. 7. Types of reinforced concrete columns for craneless buildings

For buildings with supporting overhead cranes of light, medium and heavy duty and with a lifting capacity of up to 300 kN, columns of variable section with a height of 8.4 to 14.4 m have been developed (Fig. 8), and for buildings with cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 500 kN - two-branch columns with a height of 10.8 to 18 m (Fig. 9).

The dimensions of columns of variable section in the crane section range from 400x600 to 400x900 mm, in the overhead section - 400x280 and 400x600 mm. Two-branch columns have dimensions in the crane section of 500x1400 and 500x1900, and individual branches - 500x200 and 500x300 mm.

Rice. 8. Types of solid reinforced concrete columns for buildings with

overhead cranes

Rice. 9. Types of two-branch reinforced concrete columns for buildings

with overhead cranes

In buildings with three or more cranes in the span, for the safety of personnel servicing cranes and crane runways, through galleries are provided along the runways at the level of the top of the runway beams with a size of 0.4x2.2 m (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Two-branch reinforced concrete columns

with passages at the level of crane tracks

Reinforced concrete columns have steel embedded elements for fastening roof structures, crane beams, wall panels(in the extreme columns) and vertical connections (in the connection columns). In places where truss structures and crane beams are supported through steel sheets missing anchor bolts.

In buildings with sub-rafter structures, the length of the columns is taken 600 mm less (see Fig. 8,9,10).

Reinforced concrete columns for buildings with overhead cranes have consoles for supporting crane beams. For craneless buildings, columns without consoles are used.

By location in the building system, the columns are divided into extreme (located at the outer longitudinal walls), middle and end (located at the outer transverse (end) walls).

Rice. 7. Types of reinforced concrete columns for craneless buildings

Rice. 8. Types of solid reinforced concrete columns for buildings with

overhead cranes

Rice. 9. Types of two-branch reinforced concrete columns for buildings

with overhead cranes

Rice. 10. Two-branch reinforced concrete columns

with passages at the level of crane tracks

Reinforced concrete columns have steel embedded elements for fastening truss structures, crane beams, wall panels (in the outermost columns) and vertical ties (in the tie columns). Anchor bolts are passed through the steel sheets in the places where the truss structures and crane beams are supported.

In buildings with sub-rafter structures, the length of the columns is taken 600 mm less (see Fig. 8,9,10).

half-timbered columns

In addition to the main columns, the buildings provide half-timbered columns installed at the ends of the buildings and between the main columns of the extreme longitudinal rows at a step of 12 m and a wall panel length of 6 m. They are designed to absorb wind forces and the mass of the walls.

Half-timbered columns are pivotally attached to the foundation by welding the embedded parts of the column and the base sheet installed on top of the foundation strictly along the axes (node 2, Fig. 11). Fachwerk columns are attached to the roof structures using a leaf hinge (node 1, Fig. 11). Such a connection ensures the transfer of wind loads to the building frame and eliminates the vertical effects of the coating on the half-timbered columns.

Unified reinforced concrete columns for end fachwerk of two types (I and II) are used in the cases shown in Table 1. In other cases, steel fachwerk columns are used. The structures of the columns are shown in fig. eleven.

Table 1

Type I columns have a constant height cross-section (h = 300 mm), which makes it possible to place their upper part in the gap between the end wall and the roofing wall beam and fasten them to upper belt beams using a leaf hinge (node 1, Fig. 11).

Type II columns have a variable section in height (H in and H n, Fig. 11). Top part columns (Н в) has the same section as type I columns (h = 300mm) and is attached to the upper chord of the rafter beam in the same way as type I columns (node 1, Fig. 11).

When designing columns, it is necessary to observe design requirements: the dimensions of the sections of the columns must provide such flexibility that would not exceed in any direction the ratio .

For a building with overhead cranes dimensions cross section the over-crane part of the extreme columns is assigned from the condition of the placement of the crane equipment. The section height is 380 and 600 mm for solid columns. For the crane part of solid columns, the section height increases to 600 ... 900 mm, respectively.

The width of the section of the column bc is taken from the technology of manufacturing a constant column over the entire height: for columns of the extreme and middle rows with a step in the longitudinal direction B = 6m - at least 400 mm; at V=12m - not less than 500 mm. In addition, based on the requirements of stiffness bc (1/25) H, H - the height to the bottom of the truss structure.

In all columns, embedded parts are provided for the installation of truss structures, wall panels and crane beams.

For the manufacture of columns, welded frames are used with working longitudinal reinforcement made of steel of class A-III with a diameter of 16 mm, and transverse rods are made of steel classes A-I or VR-I. When using high-strength concretes of classes B45 ... B60, it is advisable to reinforce the columns using non-stressed reinforcement of classes A-IV and A-V, which makes it possible to reduce metal consumption by 20 ... 40% and concrete up to 20%.

In addition, from design experience it has been established that in flexible columns it is allowed to use prestressing reinforcement of classes A-IV and A-V, which makes it possible to increase the rigidity, crack resistance of columns, improve the conditions for transporting long columns, as well as reduce transverse reinforcement, mechanize reinforcement work. In such columns, compared with columns made of ordinary reinforced concrete, the consumption of steel is reduced by up to 40% and the cost by up to 10%.

The columns of one-story industrial buildings are subject to all requirements for the design of compressed elements. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete for the working longitudinal reinforcement is taken not less than 20 mm and not less than the diameter of the rod; for transverse reinforcement - not less than 15 mm and not less than the diameter of the transverse rod.

Longitudinal bars in reinforcing products at the ends must have protective layer concrete not less than 10 mm with a column length of up to 18 m and not less than 15 mm - with a length of more than 18 m. for transverse bars of reinforcing products, the ends must have a protective layer of at least 5 mm.

Longitudinal working reinforcement is placed along the faces perpendicular to the column bending plane and concentrated in the corners of the section. If the distance between the axes of the working rods in the direction of the bending plane is more than 500 mm, it is necessary to install structural reinforcement with a diameter of at least 12 mm so that there is no more than 400 mm between the longitudinal rods.

The joints of the longitudinal bars overlapped (without welding) are provided in places where the section of the column changes, ensuring the length of the anchorage. At the same time, in a stepped column, the longitudinal reinforcement of the over-crane part is led beyond the edge of the spacer, also ensuring the length of the anchorage.

The diameter of the transverse reinforcement is assigned depending on the type of reinforcement cage and the largest diameter of the longitudinal working reinforcement and must be at least 0.25d (d - largest diameter working longitudinal reinforcement), and in knitted frames, in addition, at least 5 mm.

Reinforced concrete columns are not just an element of decoration, they are a very important part of almost any building. Their task is to take on most of the load from any horizontal structural elements (example: ceilings, stairwells, balconies).

With their help, the installation of suspended ceilings, staircases, long runs of horizontal building elements, etc. is carried out. And in general, we can safely say that any construction of multi-storey, single-storey and industrial buildings without columns is not possible.

Do-it-yourself installation of support columns is carried out after pouring special glasses or monolithic foundations with grooves for supporting elements. Concreting of special glasses allows to produce secure fastening columns, guaranteeing its stability and the absence of the slightest heels.

2 Types of reinforced concrete columns

As we said earlier, columns can be used in different forms construction (example: installation of multi-storey or one-storey buildings) and perform various functions (example: strengthening of the entire building or suspended ceiling). Therefore, the classification of finished products will be different, taking into account certain parameters.

2.1 Appearance

In appearance, the supporting elements are divided into cantilever and non-cantilever.

Installation and strengthening of structures with overhead cranes using cantilever columns. They can be divided into:

supporting elements with rectangular section- used for the installation of buildings up to 9.6 meters high;
two-branch - have a large supporting area. According to GOST, they are used to install buildings with a height of 9.6 meters or more.

GOST standards prescribe specific dimensions for both types of support structures:

support elements with a rectangular section: 400/400, 400/600, 400/800, 500/500, 500/600, 500/800 (mm);
two-branch: 400/1000, 500/1000, 500/1300, 500/1400, 500/1550, 600/1400, 600/1900, 600/2400 (mm).

Strengthening and erection of buildings without the use of overhead cranes provides for the use of cantilevered columns.

2.2 Cross section

According to the type of cross section of the column are:

rectangular;
square;
round.

When choosing a cross section, load characteristics and purpose are taken into account. For example, in the form of decorative supports for suspended ceilings, products with a circular cross section are more often used.

2.3 Production technology

GOST standards allow several methods for the production of structures that reinforce buildings:

Monolithic concreting. This technology allows you to pour columns with your own hands right at the construction site. To do this, formwork is preliminarily installed, for example, removable plastic, and reinforcement is laid.
Prefabricated structures. Such products are manufactured at the factory and transported to the construction site. Here the workers with their own hands, with the help of cranes and other equipment, fix them to the supporting glasses and ceilings.

2.4 Location

As mentioned earlier, columns can perform various functions, such as support, reinforcement or decoration. By functional load and location columns are:

middle row;
extreme row;
facade;
decorative.

Decorative columns have a presentable appearance and carry virtually no load. However, decorative functions can be assigned to facade columns that serve as supports for balconies or loggias.

Installation and reinforcement of floors is carried out using columns of the middle and outer rows. The only difference is how many plates the support provides for fastening. For example, the extreme columns have one ledge for fixing floor beams with their own hands, and the middle ones have two.

2.5 We buy reinforced concrete columns

Do-it-yourself concreting of columns at the construction site will be cheaper. But if you are not a professional and are not building a one-story building, you should not risk the lives of all households.

As for industrial construction, building reinforcement or assembly of prefabricated structures prefer to produce using finished support products.

When purchasing finished columns, the following is taken into account:

Working drawings or standard technological maps(TTK), according to which the building will be installed.
The height and number of storeys of the future building.
The shape of the building, based on this, is the preferred shape of the supporting elements.
Cross section width.
Distance from warehouse to construction site on which the installation will be carried out (to determine the method and cost of transportation).