Business plan for a freight forwarding company sample. Business plan for cargo transportation: a ready-made example with calculations

How to open an individual entrepreneur or LLC for the transportation of goods. How to conduct a market analysis and make a marketing, production plan. Expenses and incomes of the enterprise, recruitment.

Having trump cards, it is easy to achieve success in business, because business is a game (Alexander Minchenkov)

There are many who want to work only for themselves, engage in personal business and have income from it, and not depend on the whims of the employer and be afraid of losing their job due to a number of reasons beyond their control.

Many want it, but not all decide to take such a step. Those who nevertheless decided, at the beginning of the journey, simply do not know where to start a personal business, how and where to open it, and in general, what type of business to do.

If a man decided to develop his business, then such an option as a variety of cargo transportation is perfect for him. To begin with, the main thing is the presence or receipt of rights with categories "B" and "C". If they are available, then you can safely proceed to the development of the organization of work. And so consider the business plan of cargo transportation.

Drawing up a project plan

Cargo transportation, like any other type of business, begins with the preparation and writing of a competent business plan. For the same, so that it becomes a good help to achieve the goal.

In the general package necessary conditions will be:

1. Himself, detailed, step-by-step, high-quality business plan;
2. Collected in the quantity and those names that will be requested by various organizations, agreements and documents;
3. Purchase of transport necessary for work or overhaul of an existing one;

Registration

• Registration of a cargo transportation business as an individual entrepreneur (but if an entrepreneur plans to expand the business in the future or initially open it in a company with someone else interested in a fairly large cargo transportation company, then the best solution would be to register the enterprise as an LLC);
• Renting an office space, if needed;
• Hiring the right workers (such as loaders, repairman, etc.);
• Marketing strategy to promote your business.

How is a freight forwarding IP opened?

In the event that the case is planned for no more than one person or a couple of people, then an individual entrepreneur can be registered. But in the event that a large fleet is planned initially or it is thought to develop to such a scale in the process, then it is more convenient for the entrepreneur to register an LLC.

For the registration process, the future entrepreneur must:

1. collect all the necessary documentation;
2. pay the state duty;
3. submit an application with all contact and passport details to the tax office for the code activities of OKVED(for the process of transportation of goods - 60.24).

In the event that there is more than one type and type of activity, then the code, respectively, will not be one.

The essence of the project

The process of work of the enterprise for the transportation of goods goes through a chain of actions. The chain consists of: acceptance of an order or orders for the transportation of any cargo for a certain time period (day or two or two or four hours) by the dispatcher from the client (the client can be an enterprise or the general population), then the dispatcher transfers the order to the driver, the driver fulfills it and reports on the completion of work (a report for the spent amount of fuel is also required).

Freight market analysis

From the point of view of economic benefits, it is convenient when the responsibility for the delivery of goods falls on one businessman. With this approach to work, there will be a much lower cost for income tax. If the company has no more than 20 cars in its work, then a single tax on a temporary type of income is issued.

In this case, even constants are not needed. accounting services. The accountant in this case can be incoming and thus savings on payment for his work will be observed.

It will be very useful to analyze the market before starting all the actions to open a business enterprise. Without such an action, there can be no question of planning such a business.

The analysis is easily carried out by viewing the local media. If there are few ads on the offer of cargo transportation or they are absent at all, then most likely in the region you are viewing there is an enterprise transporting goods, and maybe even more than one. In this case, the next step in market analysis is to collect as much as possible more information about these companies. Here you need to pay attention to what types of transportation it carries out, what cars it uses, what is the price of its services.

If, during the collection of data, it turns out that the competition is not particularly serious (for example, just private one-time transportation), then you can begin to seriously approach planning to open such a business.

Marketing plan

It is worth formalizing a business organization from the development of a high-quality marketing plan.

• local media;
• ads;
• leaflets and flyers in stores selling sawn and timber products, furniture, plumbing, household appliances, a variety of building materials;
• correctly designed business cards and so on.

It is necessary to plan in the future a normal discount on cargo transportation for regular customers. This will help draw the attention of the long time, that is, it will load the businessman with profit and work as such.

If there is transportation of goods, then there are cars. It is with them that you need to start your work in the business of cargo transportation. In order for the business to proceed successfully and there were no various downtime due to equipment breakdown, then best solution there will be a purchase of new cars.

The brand of cars can be any: both KAMAZ and GAZelle.

The choice of brand depends solely on the services that will be provided and on the geography of the area where the transportation will take place. It is ideal to have cars with different payloads in the fleet.

It is equally important to provide parking for cars. Boxes, hangars, garages are used as parking. You also need to pay attention to refueling cars. Options for "food" can be different - and refueling the car by those who ordered transportation, and self-refueling by drivers at gas stations, and, in the planned future, centralized refueling at gas stations, which is much more affordable.

Staff

If you want your business to stand firmly on its feet and not drop its hooves, it must be firmly held by the horns, like a bull (From the unsaid by Ostap Bender) Yuri Slobodenyuk

As for the personnel, one dispatcher, one driver, several loaders and an incoming accountant will suffice for a start. The businessman himself can also act as a second driver.

Cargo transportation- Always in demand stable activity without losing its relevance. Therefore, the business of transporting goods is very attractive for entrepreneurs, even in conditions of significant competition in the market. Business "trucking" - where to start?

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Competitor analysis

Before starting any kind commercial activities it is required to analyze the relevant market segment. The same applies to cargo transportation. Analysis can be carried out by reviewing the regional press or by monitoring the websites of companies operating in the selected territory.

The main issues that require detailed coverage:

• who is the competitor?
• What vehicles does he use to transport?
• Who are his clients?
• what is the cost of services?

Having received the answer to all these questions, you can plan your own actions.

Types of cargo transportation

Freight transport is divided into several categories, and on initial stage It is worth choosing one main direction, for example:

1. Assistance to the population in transportation oversized cargo within the same city and adjacent settlements. Typically, such loads do not exceed a weight of 5-8 tons, so an ordinary Gazelle will fit perfectly.
2. Service for enterprises and organizations- that is, the transportation of goods not only in the city, but also in the regions. For example, delivery of goods to stores and bases. For such activities, transport with refrigeration equipment is required.
3. Organization of industrial cargo transportation throughout the country and abroad.
4. Groupage cargo transportation when the order is executed by subcontractors.

by the most difficult option are international shipping. To do this, it is necessary to issue all documents for the cargo, obtain permission for its transportation, etc. However, the cost of such work is much higher. Nevertheless, it is better for an inexperienced businessman to start with the transportation of goods within the city.

Where to begin?

The algorithm of actions looks like this:

1. Development.
2. Drafting of all necessary agreements and contracts.
3. Acquisition of transport and, if necessary, special equipment.
4. Registration of activities.
5. Selection of premises for the office.
6. Hiring staff.
7. Business advertising.

Registration

For legal registration activity is enough, although if you plan to open a large organization, you can register an LLC.

At the initial stage of activity, it is quite expensive to maintain your own repair personnel. When buying cars on lease for their technical condition supplier is responsible. That is, in fact, it turns out that the transport purchased on credit is repaired at the expense of the seller, which is an indisputable plus.

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After purchasing the machines, you should take care of the premises for them. You can rent a cheaper garage somewhere on the outskirts, but it is preferable that the cars are located in the center of the area where the services are provided and are as accessible as possible.

It is desirable that the garage has a small warehouse and office space for management, accountant and staff. The office is also necessary for negotiating with customers and concluding contracts. You can organize a dispatch service at the office, but at first it is more economical to use the dispatch services of a remote employee, paying him a percentage of the transaction.

Staff

Personnel required for the organization of cargo transportation:

• drivers;
• dispatcher;
• loaders;
• Sales Manager;
• accountant;
• lawyer;

At first, it is enough to hire one or two drivers, while one of them can be replaced by the entrepreneur himself. The dispatcher works remotely, receiving a percentage of the transaction. It is better to hire loaders not on a permanent basis, but on a piecework basis, turning to their services as needed. A sales manager is needed to advertise services, but at first this activity can be carried out by the manager himself.

Accountant required for correct design financial aspects - paying taxes, processing invoices and other things. You can find a specialist who provides his services only when necessary.

It is not necessary to include a lawyer in the permanent staff of a small organization, but his services may be required when drawing up contracts for cargo transportation. In particular, when drawing up a contract, it is necessary to clearly state the rights and obligations of the parties in order to prevent conflict situations.

Thus, on an ongoing basis, only drivers and a dispatcher will be required.

Finding Clients

You can use a variety of methods to find clients.

It could be:

• placement of information on bulletin boards;
• distribution to various organizations;
• creating your own website;
• placement of advertising posters in public places;
• distribution of business cards of your company;
• cooperation with companies engaged in the sale of bulky goods;

As the business is promoted and the company reaches a certain level, you can participate in. Thanks to electronic form their implementation, the chances of newcomers to win are significantly increased.

Provision of additional services

Since there are a lot of cargo transportation companies, it is advisable to come up with some kind of “chip” that distinguishes competitors from the crowd. This may be the provision of additional services.

You can organize a service such as "moving apartments".

In conditions even small town people move frequently. It is quite difficult to move things around.

If you offer not only to transport the cargo, but also to transport it on a turnkey basis, that is, directly from one apartment to another, of course, for an additional fee, then most people will agree, since you do not need to waste time looking for movers.

The financial side of the issue

From a financial point of view, consider rough plan expenses / income of a small transport organization that has at its disposal two pieces of equipment:

Expenses (in rubles)

• purchase of transport - 1,000,000;
• rent office space – 10 000;
• garage rental - 10,000;
• fuel and lubricants - 40,000;
• driver salary - 30,000;
• advertising promotion - 10,000;
• additional expenses - 20,000;

Total: 1,120,000 rubles.

Income (in rubles)

On two cars, the freight service can earn about 150,000 rubles per month. In this case, the net profit will be 50,000. Thus, the project will pay off after two years. When renting a vehicle, it is reduced to 4-5 months.

According to experts, the profitability of the cargo transportation business is about 15-20%, which is quite a lot, given the high competition. Increasing profitability is facilitated by a clear organization of activities (no downtime due to breakdowns, confusion in documentation, etc.).

Business Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantages of cargo transportation include:

1. The opportunity to open your own business with minimal investment (it is enough to own a suitable vehicle or purchase one on credit and you can start working).
2. Independent planning of activities (what and how to transport is decided by the owner).
3. Development perspective (you can grow from a small organization to a large one) transport company).

Among the shortcomings of the business are the following:

1. The need for large investments in the purchase of transport.
2. The lack of a stable income at first and the need to build a permanent client base.
3. Increased responsibility for the safety of cargo.

What business today can be considered the most popular among ordinary people? What can you do without organizing an individual entrepreneur, LLC, etc.? What services and sales are most in demand among the population? Even offhand, such projects can be called dozens, or even hundreds. It will take months of work to describe each business idea in detail. We decided to start with the most “closest” projects to a simple man in the street, based on minimum investment for their implementation, and today we present to your attention - a business plan for cargo transportation.

Almost anyone can start a business today. It doesn’t matter if you have money, “useful” acquaintances, an area for organizing a business, and so on - the main thing is to have a desire. It is goal setting and sufficient motivation, in our opinion, that are the main driving forces that gradually allow you to come to success - personal and financial. Therefore, remember - it all depends on you!

Summary

This project is an organization of a transport company with a payback period of 4-8 months of the year.

Project goals:

1. creation of a highly profitable enterprise
2. organizing a stable profit
3. satisfaction consumer market demand for transportation services of goods of various volumes and weights.

Project funding source: own funds or bank loan

Form of reference entrepreneurial activity: IP

The total cost of the project: 200,000 - 1,000,000 rubles

Payback period: 4-8 months

Embedded in the calculations interest rate: 25 %

The total interest payments will be:

The investor's income will be: 15-35 thousand - 100-175 thousand rubles

Payments of loan funds and interest on the loan will begin from the first month of the project.

General characteristics of the project (description of the company and services provided)

The transport company is designed to transport various goods to the place specified by the Customer. Large transportation companies own a solid fleet of various vehicles, from automobile to river and rail. The specialization of such large organizations can be both in messages within the country and in international transportation.

The high demand for services of this type causes tremendous competition in this area, and therefore the price of an “entrance ticket” to this business is prohibitively high. Today, large companies provide the following basic services for transportation and related issues:

• cargo transportation within the country and international road transportation;
• transportation by rail;
• transportation by air;
• combined transportation, called intermodal and multimodal - involving two or more types of different transport;
• terminal handling of goods in warehouses;
• assistance in customs clearance of goods and customs consultations;
• cargo insurance
• logistics services, consulting, and audit.

This is not a complete list of all services provided by large transport companies.

Of course, such "giants" will not look for a sample business plan for cargo transportation on the Internet, therefore the presented typical business plan is aimed at a simple layman - individual entrepreneur working on a regular GAZelle, or a maximum of one or more trucks.

As the statistics of requests in search engines show, the business plan for the transportation of goods on a gazelle today is in great demand among Internet users. The presence of a small truck automatically puts into the head of its owner the idea of ​​how you can earn money with your car. Some business ideas for making money with a personal car can be found in this.

So, what can the owner of GAZelle offer to his customers? Firstly, it is cargo transportation from 1 kilogram to 3.5 tons (limitation of the vehicle's carrying capacity). The lower limit of the cargo is most often indicated solely for marketing purposes, but it also happens that the Customers really ask to deliver an important parcel of light weight within the specified time to the specified place.

"GAZelle" also has a height limit (1.5 or 2 meters) and length (2.5, 3, or 4 meters) of the body. There are also other dimensions of these machines, but, as a rule, these are used in private cargo transportation.

The owners of trucks, like trucks Volvo, MAN, KAMAZ, and others, due to the large size of their cars and their greater carrying capacity, receive orders for more “serious transportation”, which, accordingly, cost several times more.

Recently, many truck owners often work under a contract with large trucking companies, or by acquiring their franchise. Among such large transport organizations, whose franchises are most popular, we can note:

• "Gruzovozoff";
• "Auto trading";
• "Business Line";
• "PEC".

The benefits of working under such a scheme can be found at this link.

Who is in demand for cargo transportation on GAZelles and trucks?

If the main contingent of clients of large transport companies is legal entities- companies, firms, corporations, then in our case it is necessary to focus on ordinary people who most often require the following types of cargo transportation:

• transportation of furniture in connection with moving to another house, district, city (by the way, this is the most demanded service);
• transportation livestock farmers;
• delivery of bulky purchases from stores;
• shipping building materials;
• office relocations of small companies.

It is these types of cargo transportation that are “uninteresting” large companies, due to their "pettiness", and are unprofitable for customers who are not ready to pay a high price for a service that is simple in their opinion.

There are options for accompanying transportation services for loading / unloading cargo, raising it to the floor, skidding it into the house / apartment. The possibility of organizing a car shop on the basis of GAZelle is also interesting. Read more about this. Focusing on the most demanded services in its locality you need to equip the car frame with either a body with an awning, or put a van, container on it, just build up the sides, or something else.

Truck owners often conclude agreements with logistics companies for the transportation of their goods, large agricultural enterprises (who among us have not met trucks full of watermelons, potatoes, cabbage, and other fruits and vegetables on the roads?). Many truck owners hire drivers to transport their vehicles, and automatically upgrade their status to the owner of a transport company.

Certainly, the best option for freight carriers it will be the movement along the same route, and this happens quite often. Both car owners and companies using their services prefer to deal with trusted people who have proven themselves on the positive side.

In this case, you can even work on a prepaid basis, if another form of payment is not preferable.

Where to look for orders for cargo transportation?

A few years ago, on the busiest sections of the highways, in the clusters of large wholesale depots and warehouses, there were special parking lots for trucks and small trucks, which spent time there waiting for an order for transportation. Today, with the development of the Internet, the availability of mobile and radio communications, the need for such parking has disappeared.

It is enough to make one call and indicate the necessary parameters of the car for transportation and the desired cost, and through a short time find the right car for you. Dispatchers who receive calls may not necessarily work in the same company as drivers, but simply have an oral agreement. Often the dispatcher does not have his own transport for transportation, and only receives / transmits orders.

Market analysis

In order not to be mistaken with the type of cargo transportation and to have an advantage over competitors, and the competition in this business is very tough, and truckers are very difficult people, it is necessary to analyze the local transportation structure. Research tools can be mass media and internet. As a rule, in the central part of Russia, private carriers account for 5 to 10% of all orders. This, of course, is not so much, but since there are enough orders for all carriers, we can conclude that the volume of orders is quite high.

Marketing plan

A well-written business plan for freight transportation should contain a mandatory study of the dynamics of the volume of these services over the past few years, criteria that contribute to an increase in demand for freight transportation, and other analytical studies. But, probably, the owner of the GAZelle, for whom the main thing is to get more expensive orders, such information is completely useless.

Therefore, we decided to limit ourselves to really useful information on attracting customers. As tools for finding customers can serve:

• advertisements in local newspapers, magazines, on television;
• publication of announcements on city Internet portals and specialized forums;
• sticker of advertisements on the car;
• distribution of business cards and small advertising booklets;
• creating your own website, group in social networks.

Unlike some other types of business, where the greatest revival occurs in the spring-summer period, for cargo carriers, "rush" most often occurs in the fall. It is at this time that many are in a hurry to complete what they did not have time to finish on time.

The main rule that you need to take as the basis of your business is the quality of service. The client must be completely sure that his cargo will be delivered on time, safe and sound. Unfortunately, few large transport companies can achieve this. Therefore, "private traders" in this regard have a slight advantage.

Production plan

What does a beginner carrier need? First of all, this vehicle. If we are talking about the GAZelle, then today's prices are such that new car will cost about a million rubles. 2-3 year old - 500-600 thousand. However, many do not pay attention to such problems, and purchase cars 8-9 years old for the purpose of cargo transportation.

After the appropriate repair, carried out by skillful hands, and most car owners have the necessary skills, the “revived” GAZelle is able to travel around our homeland a couple of dozen more times, as they say, without looking under the hood.

The issue with the garage is also solved quite simply, and many car owners generally prefer to leave their cars near the house. For trucks, of course, the place will be only in the parking lot.

You will also need some electronic equipment:

• firstly, this is a walkie-talkie, which has recently gained great popularity among truckers who, at a certain frequency, inform each other about incidents on the road, etc.;
• the second necessary item is a navigator that allows you to plot the best route to the end point;
• radar detector - will always warn you in time about the traffic police crew in front, or the installed video camera;
• DVR - will allow you to prove your innocence in an accident or other unpleasant situations on the road.

organizational plan

Business registration

The most common form of doing business for private carriers is IP. Read about how to register the status of an individual entrepreneur at this link -. Information will also be useful about what taxes an individual entrepreneur pays, and how to choose a tax regime.

To make your job easier, you can standard contracts with clients for the transportation of goods, where to register all possible nuances - downtime due to the fault of the customer or the party receiving the goods, the possibility of prepayment, etc.

Conclusion

This business plan for the organization of cargo transportation does not claim to be detailed guide on opening a transport company, but the information gleaned from it is quite enough to implement a project to create a small private company that provides transport services.

A reliable car is important for transporting goods.

The business plan of cargo transportation assumes its existence. The financial project associated with the implementation of the following types of services, including: transportation of furniture, office moving, including transportation of office equipment, apartment moving, transportation of building materials. Cargo transportation is the process of providing transport services associated with logistics activities. It can be a "gazelle" if you need to carry small loads. The specifics of this type of business allows you to receive good profit, which is the main goal when opening an IP associated with any type of activity. Since cargo transportation is necessary in a small business environment, as well as for the urban population as a whole, then finished project in the future will have promising development.

A business plan for the transportation of goods is used as an example of calculating the effective investment in a project. It is associated with the creation of a private enterprise, which involves registration in the form of an individual entrepreneur, which will carry out cargo transportation in Moscow and its environs. The project is necessary because during the seasonal construction period, from May to October, the demand for transportation services becomes maximum, as private construction during this period is more intensive.

When conducting an individual entrepreneur in the field of cargo transportation when using his own car, and not a rented one, all his expenses should be the minimum amount after the end of the payback period of the project. The developed finished project will be used as an example for opening similar IP organizations in the field of cargo transportation. To provide cargo transportation services for the city, where the roads are always very crowded and traffic for heavy vehicles is difficult, it is better to rent or buy light-duty trucks, for example, a gazelle. This type of machine is used for:

1. Realization of apartment and office moving.
2. Providing services to owners country houses and dachas.

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marketing plan

The project involves the use various ways advertisements that are equally useful for trucking promotion because Advertising activity allows you to manage the demand for a product or service. Good example- the ability to focus on the mailing of offers for the transportation of goods to potential customers. This will require employees in the field of advertising, who, in the process of regular visits to country houses and cottage settlements located in the vicinity of Moscow, will be engaged in the distribution of promotional products for cargo transportation. The project also involves placing ads in local newspapers, distributing business cards, sending advertising letters via the Internet for free, and advertising on the radio.

Availability competitive advantage before other similar firms, taken as the basis for developing a business plan, depends on more low prices than competitors. The used example of marketing policy assumes the availability of discounts for regular customers, which is associated with a flexible pricing policy in the context of a sharp reduction in benefits for the population of Moscow. Relative to the market paid services Moscow should regularly make corrective calculations in the finished project, which will correspond to the general dynamics of consumer price growth relative to tariffs for transport services. In addition, small-tonnage vehicles allow you to drive very close to the object. A road sign prohibiting the movement of trucks does not affect the selected transport example. The popularity of such vehicles is confirmed by the growth in the number of light trucks in the city's fleet.

Before making an estimate of all necessary costs, you should choose a model of a truck for carrying out entrepreneurial activities within the framework of an IP. The most optimal model for the transportation of cargo is a gazelle car, the cost of which on the market should be from 400 to 600 thousand rubles.

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Calculation of material costs

In order to open an organization that carries out activities for the transportation of goods on the basis of drawing up a business plan for cargo transportation, an example of an estimate of the budget for material costs for planning an IP business should be drawn up. Below is finished sample calculation of the necessary capital investments, taking into account the available initial costs for cargo transportation:

The process of cargo transportation is a profitable business, since the cost of one cargo transportation in Moscow and its environs, together with unloading and loading operations, is 400 rubles / hour. Therefore, with at least 50 trips per month, the duration of which will be on average 5 hours, the minimum level of net income this project should be 100,000 rubles. An example of an annual calculation of income, based on tariff rates, assumes revenue equal to 1,200,000 rubles.