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Business plan for growing ducks. Permits for the sale of poultry

Breeding ducks as a business proper organization can be very lucrative. The meat obtained from these birds is popular, and the supply of down, feathers, eggs, chicks and manure to the raw material market is also profitable. Keeping ducks on personal plot- promising job. In order for the duck breeding business to be profitable, it is necessary to start working in this type of agricultural activity by drawing up a business plan for a duck farm.

Before opening a duck farm, you should decide which duck breed is profitable to breed on the site:

  • Meat. Individuals belonging to these breeds quickly gain weight, but produce few eggs per year, so only meat is used for sale;
  • Egg-laying. The main advantage is a large number of eggs produced per year. Commercial weight ducks are gaining 60-75 days later than individuals of the meat breed;
  • Universal. Breeds belonging to this type are the most common in the poultry environment. This is because birds gain weight quickly and produce more eggs than beef breeds.

The most popular are:

  • Peking duck is one of the most unpretentious breeds. By the second month of life, individuals gain 2.5-3 kg. Females lay about 140 eggs weighing about 85 g in 1 year;
  • Musk or Indian. Individuals of this breed are distinguished by a calm disposition, females are able to hatch and raise ducklings themselves. This allows you to save money, because there is no need to buy ducklings or purchase an egg incubator. Commercial weight, i.e. 2-2.5 kg, individuals reach by 2 months. Laying hens produce up to 120 eggs per year. The only drawback of the breed is that birds can fly. But this problem is easy to solve, you just need to cut the wings or put additional fences on top in the aviary for walking;
  • Black white-breasted ducks are a versatile breed. By 2 months, individuals reach 2.5 kg in weight, laying ducks lay about 125 eggs per year;
  • Moulards are a hybrid meat breed. Fattening of individuals up to 4 kg is carried out within 3 months, and by 6 months the birds reach 7 kg. Despite the possibility of obtaining a large amount of meat, breeding mulards is costly, since females do not lay eggs. As a result, every year it is necessary to buy more young animals from poultry farms;
  • - egg-laying breed. Each duck lays up to 200 eggs per year.





When choosing a particular breed, it is necessary to proceed from the financial possibilities and experience in breeding birds. At first, it is better to dwell on the more well-known and widely used breeds in poultry farming, such as Beijing and Musk. And only after a few years to switch to expensive, difficult to grow duck breeds.

Necessary equipment

The business plan for breeding ducks will need to take into account the cost necessary equipment. Buy or make:

  • Feeders for dry food, wet mash, mineral supplements and drinkers. It is not necessary to buy drinkers and feeders, it is much easier to make them yourself;
  • Heater. In winter, the air temperature in the poultry house should not fall below 11 ° C, with more low temperatures it will be very difficult to prevent the death of birds. The solution to the problem is the purchase of a heater. And the most economical option- purchase of a stove-potbelly stove. It not only costs little, but is also able to warm ducks in winter;
  • Another element of the poultry house, which is difficult to do without, is ventilation system with forced supply of warm air;
  • Incubator. This device will be required when growing ducks that are not able to incubate eggs. Moreover, the number of incubators must be calculated based on the fact that one device can hold about 70 duck eggs;
  • Plucking machine. The purchase of this device will justify itself, the cost of its purchase will pay off very quickly;
  • Freezer. When growing ducks for meat, it is necessary to prepare a place in advance for long-term storage carcasses, a freezer is a great option. Carcasses in it will be preserved long time without quality loss.

You can save a lot on some inventory if you make it from the materials at hand. Other devices must be purchased, but after a year all costs will pay off.

Business registration

In order to create a duck farm, you need to decide what size it will be. After that, you need to register a business, which will allow you to legally sell products.

Depending on the size of the farm, it can be formalized as an LLC, individual entrepreneur or private household plot.

The most convenient form of ownership is individual entrepreneurship. You can run a business alone, while there are no restrictions on the number of products sold.

If the duck farm is intended only for one family, then it is not necessary to issue an individual entrepreneur or LLC. You can register a personal subsidiary farm by issuing only 1 document. You need a paper certifying the ownership of the land.

Required documents for the sale of products

For farming, it is necessary to have a number of documents confirming the high quality of products. These papers are provided:

  • Sanitary and epidemiological service;
  • Rospotrebnadzor;
  • Veterinarian.

The veterinarian must issue certificates on the implementation of vaccination of birds, on their health at the time of slaughter, on compliance with the rules for keeping and slaughter. A certificate from the local veterinarian is also required. And when selling products on the market, in stores, etc., a brand or stamp on the suitability of meat for food is required on the carcass.

Ways to sell products

The sale of products can be carried out in several ways. Moreover, it is necessary to decide which of them will be used before the first batch of birds is received.

Ducks can be raised for production and subsequent sale:

  • Down and feathers for enterprises producing pillows, blankets, clothes, etc.;
  • Meat to restaurants, cafes, shops, supermarkets, markets and factories;
  • Eggs and chicks for farmers;
  • Manure in companies engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers.

In the case of using all of the above methods, duck breeding can become a waste-free production.

Is breeding ducks profitable or not as a business?

Most of the financial costs are in the first 2 months. During this period, you need to carefully monitor all expenses, plan financial costs. The calculation of these indicators will ensure further business profitability.

Already after the slaughter of the first batch of birds, the duck farm will begin to make a profit, it will be possible to earn the first money.

Nevertheless, the costs will pay off in a maximum of 1-1.5 years. After this time, it will be possible to earn an average of 50 thousand rubles a month, and this figure will gradually increase. It is worth noting that the profitability of a duck breeding business averages 50-70%.

Required space and facilities

One of the main factors determining the possibility of running your own farm is the availability of an area for growing birds.

On average, 1500 m 2 is needed to grow 1500 ducks, and 700 m 2 should be in the poultry house, and the rest of the space should be in the aviary for walking.

The poultry house must be divided, because an area will be required for fattening ducks and keeping breeding birds. There should be at least 1 m 2 of space for 2 individuals, only in this case the birds will feel comfortable.

Walking area should be fenced off high fence, and fix the grid on top. 0.25 space should be occupied by a canopy, birds will hide under it on sunny days.

In a breeding house, in addition to the equipment listed in previous sections, you need to place nests for laying ducks and warmer boxes for ducklings near the far wall. Bedding is necessary in the poultry house in winter, but it is not required in summer.

Proper equipment of the poultry house, regular cleaning and disinfection will allow you to raise quality birds.

Advantages and disadvantages

The duck breeding business has its pros and cons. The advantages include:

  • Undemanding ducks for careful care, nutrition and maintenance;
  • Rapid body weight gain by birds;
  • A rapid increase in the number of livestock when keeping breeding birds on the site;
  • Obtaining tasty dietary meat, which is popular in the commodity market;
  • Waste-free production, tk. in addition to meat products, you can sell fluff, feathers, eggs, chicks, manure;
  • Quick return on initial investment.

There are not many cons, but they are. At first, you will have to invest in your own business, spend a lot of time and effort on building a poultry house and an aviary, purchasing equipment and inventory, buying feed, ducklings, paperwork, and establishing a market for finished products.

However, with a good business plan, proper management housekeeping can prevent unexpected expenses and troubles. As a result, the duck breeding business will bring stable income.

- popular recently with Russian farmers, has always been considered a profitable business. In today's article, it is proposed to consider breeding ducks as a business.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs:180-225 thousand rubles
Relevant for cities with a population:for the countryside
Situation in the industry:average competition
The complexity of organizing a business: 2/5
Payback: up to 1 year

Breeding ducks as a business: advantages and disadvantages

A few years ago, before the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia in 2014, poultry farming developed rapidly in the country on a huge scale in large poultry farms. Today the situation has changed radically. Feeding thousands of birds becomes an impossible task for large enterprises. But for small farms and private farmsteads, the demand for breeding poultry, the demand for products has increased significantly.

The point is not only that it is much easier and cheaper to keep a small number of birds, but also that the popularity of real organic products has recently grown dramatically, the production of which is hardly possible with large-scale poultry breeding.

Is it profitable to breed ducks? The undoubted advantages of breeding ducks include:

  • undemanding in careful care and unpretentiousness in maintenance;
  • active breeding of birds and a rapid increase in livestock;
  • their omnivorous nature, which means low feed costs;
  • the sale of not only duck eggs and meat, but also down and feathers.

disadvantages this business are not specific, and inherent in any business in the field of Agriculture:

  • the need for a large land plot for walking birds and a pond for their bathing;
  • constant bird watching;
  • the need to pass the quality control of meat and egg products, the execution of a package of documents.

When organizing a business, close attention is paid to the choice of breed of poultry for breeding. If the duck farm plan provides for the sale of meat products, it is necessary to purchase meat breeds of ducklings. Egg-bearing breeds gain less weight, but carry much more eggs, which are also in great demand for sale.

What types of ducks are beneficial for breeding

Meat breeds of ducks gain their "commercial" weight in about 2-2.5 months, the number of eggs they lay reaches 40-80 pieces per year. Egg-bearers will reach the same weight in 3-4 months, but the number of eggs that they will give in a year will reach 140-180 pieces.

The most popular duck breeds for breeding among Russian farmers are:

  • Beijing breed. Considers one of the best in the meat direction. By the time of slaughter, Peking ducks reach 4-4.5 kg - drakes, females are 500-700 g lighter. One of the advantages of this breed is that they freely interbreed with other breeds. "Hybrids", for example, mulards, today are the champions in weight gain and the most popular "suppliers" of the delicacy liver, from which the famous foie gras dish is prepared.
  • Muscovy ducks or indo-ducks are a meat breed. Drakes can reach up to 5 kg in weight, females are twice as light. Calm birds, perfectly enduring the absence of a nearby reservoir.
  • The White Moscow breed is a "hybrid" obtained from crossing a Peking duck and a Khaki Campbell duck. It perfectly tolerates any climatic conditions and gains weight up to 3.5-4 kg.
  • Another meat breed is Rouen. It has a delicate taste of meat, reaches a weight of up to 5 kg.
  • Ukrainian gray breed - refers to the meat and egg breed. Drakes reach a weight of up to 3.5 kg, females - up to 3 kg. Egg production - from 120 to 250 eggs per year.
  • Black white-breasted breed of the egg direction. Full weight - 4 kg reaches only six months of content. Slaughter is usually carried out at the age of 3 months, when ducks weigh 2.2-2.5 kg. Laying hens give up to 140 large eggs weighing 80-90 g per year.
  • The Agidel breed is the record holder for the meat and egg direction. At the age of 7-8 weeks, these ducks can reach a weight of 3 kg; in a year, the female can lay up to 230-240 eggs weighing from 90 g.
  • Breed Star 53 - meat ducks. Another breed that is grown specifically to obtain liver for making foie gras. By the age of 50 days, they reach a weight of 3.5-3.7 kg.

Muscovy and Peking ducks are the most popular for poultry breeding as a business among other meat breeds. By the way, raising ducks for meat as a business prevails over egg production, giving farmers who decide to choose to breed egg-laying ducks a slight advantage, due to the relative emptiness of this niche.

Business registration

Currently, domestic legislation provides for three forms of doing business for poultry breeding:

  1. OOO. Suitable for organizing a large farm with large volumes of products. More information on how to register an LLC can be found at the link.
  2. IP. It is best suited for those entrepreneurs who plan to open a small business with employees and a relatively small volume of products. Read how to open an IP.
  3. LPH (personal subsidiary plot). Registration of private household plots is registration with local governments after the provision of documents confirming the ownership of land plot and expressing a desire to engage in farming. Only members of the same family can open private household plots. Sale of products can be carried out only in the form of the sale of surplus left after personal consumption, i.e. in very limited quantities. Of course, no one keeps records of sales, but it is undesirable and fraught with large fines to abuse violations of the law by passing off individual entrepreneurs as private household plots.

In order to sell their products, private household plots need to register with a veterinary clinic, get a veterinary certificate there, with which it will be possible to receive veterinary certificates of Form No. 2, which can be used to sell excess products.

For individual entrepreneurs, paperwork follows the same scheme, plus you will have to issue a certificate of conformity of products to GOSTs and a quality certificate. You will also need to register with the tax office. What taxes an individual entrepreneur pays can be found in this.

How to build a duck farm

Since duck breeding as a business involves its conduct in rural areas, the villagers should not have any special problems finding premises. Even if it becomes necessary to build a poultry house, special costs this step is not required. You can build a poultry house from used boards or boards of the second or third grade. You can insulate the nets with any cheap building materials - polystyrene foam, mineral wool or something similar. The plank floor can be lined with grass or hay.

The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room must be calculated based on their content of three ducks per square meter. meter. The poultry house must also be divided into at least three zones:

  1. For keeping the young.
  2. For the maintenance of breeding individuals
  3. For keeping other birds.

You will also need to organize a paddock for walking with an area of ​​ten square meters. meters per duck. Keeping ducks exclusively in cages is undesirable - the bird swims in fat and, accordingly, its meat falls in price.

The poultry house must be equipped with lighting and a ventilation system for ventilation in winter period. In the paddock you can dig a small artificial pond if there is no natural body of water nearby.

Equipment and inventory

The equipment and inventory required on any poultry farm, no matter what scale, include:

  • feeders and drinkers, which you can either build yourself or purchase at any pet store or agricultural store;
  • incubator for breeding chicks;
  • lamps with red light for installation in the poultry house;
  • heater in the poultry house. The best cheap option would be to install a conventional potbelly stove with a water circuit around the perimeter.

To process carcasses you will need:

  • machine for plucking feathers and down;
  • meat freezers and egg coolers.

In total, the purchase of equipment for breeding ducks with a population of up to 60-70 individuals will cost from 80 to 100 thousand rubles.

How to choose and buy young animals

Having identified one or more breeds of ducks for breeding, a future entrepreneur can purchase ducklings in any nearby household plot or on a duck farm. The price of a daily weekly age of ducklings ranges from 90 to 110 rubles per piece. Two- or three-week-old chicks will cost a little more.

When buying, you must visually inspect the ducklings for diseases. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to conduct another survey when buying, and you will have to be guided only by the honest word of the seller. By the way, it is for this reason that it is better to buy ducklings already grown up, albeit a little more expensive. Optimal time to buy - autumn.

duck care

Ducks do not require any special care behind you. The main thing is to ensure that there is always food in the feeders, water in the drinkers, and the room is cleaned on time. Ducks are fed compound feed, fresh juicy greens. The composition of the diet of birds may include:

  • any grain crops;
  • crushed river shells;
  • powdered milk;
  • various mineral supplements;
  • animal and vegetable fat;
  • salt.

If it is possible to collect lake or marsh duckweed for ducks to feed - small plants covering the surface of the water, you need to do this - duckweed is a delicacy for ducks. Usually ducks are sent for slaughter at the age of 2-3 months. During this time, they eat from 10 to 12 kg of feed. Consequently, a herd of 100 ducks needs from 1 to 1.2 tons of feed for this time. At a cost of 1 kg of about 10 rubles, total costs for food will be from 10 to 12 thousand rubles.

How to find a distribution channel for products

The taste qualities of duck meat and duck eggs create a great demand for it from enterprises Catering- cafes, restaurants, etc., buying products from duck farms in bulk. The main channels for marketing duck farm products can be considered:

  • production facilities engaged in the manufacture of semi-finished products;
  • markets;
  • the shops;
  • or open your own branded outlet.

Down and feathers can be sold to factories producing down clothes, pillows, etc. Among other things, eggs and young ducklings for start-up entrepreneurs will also be used for sale, manure - as a fertilizer for a garden for summer residents.

Profitability of a business idea

Opening a small duck farm of one hundred heads will require the following expenses:

  • arrangement of a poultry house - 40-50 thousand rubles (building from scratch will require an amount of 300-350 thousand rubles);
  • purchase of equipment - 100-120 thousand rubles;
  • the purchase of ducklings - 9-11 thousand rubles;
  • purchase of feed - 10-12 thousand rubles;
  • for unforeseen expenses, an amount of 20-30 thousand rubles should be planned.

In total, organizing a business will require from 180 to 225 thousand rubles (subject to the availability of premises for a poultry house). The payback of the business, even with the most “modest” estimates, will be no more than one year. Based on the experience of successfully operating duck farms, you can plan a plus profit starting from 7-8 months of operation.

Creating a duck farm is a promising business project. When well organized work the farm will pay off in 1–1.5 years and will bring a stable income ( its profitability is 50–70%).

To start farming, you need to buy a piece of land, equip a poultry house and an aviary, purchase necessary inventory, purchase feed and ducklings, as well as establish a market for finished products. But before you get started, you need to draw up a business plan.

Creating a duck farm is worth doing for a person who lives in a rural area and owns a large plot of land (at least 1500 m2).

To implement this idea, a city dweller will need to buy or rent a plot and move to the countryside. The farm needs constant attention, so you should prepare for hard and hard work.

The project will require big investments at the first stage: the equipment of poultry houses and the purchase of ducklings are not cheap. However, after 2 months, when the first batch of birds goes for slaughter, the farmer will receive income. After 1–1.5 years, the costs will pay off, and the farm will begin to generate a large income.

Farm products and their demand

The main product obtained from the duck farm is delicious dietary meat. It is much healthier than chicken, so it is popular with consumers. It is bought by supermarkets, restaurants and markets.

The duck farm also produces other products:

  • down and feather (used as a filler for pillows and blankets);
  • eggs (bought for later);
  • chicks (purchased by novice farmers for fattening and breeding);
  • manure (used as fertilizer for the soil).

Thus, a duck farm is a non-waste production.

Buying ducks

Breed selection

Breeds of ducks are divided into two groups: meat and egg laying. The former gain commercial weight in 2 months, but give a small number of eggs (40–70 per year); the second has to be fattened for 3–3.5 months, but they produce much more eggs (140–170 per year).

Popular breeds:

  • Peking duck. Strong, hardy and omnivorous bird. Produces 80–120 eggs per year; well fed and by 2 months gaining weight of 2.5-3 kg.
  • Muscovy duck. Non-conflict and calm bird. Produces 100–110 eggs per year; by 2 months gaining weight 2-2.5 kg.
  • Black white-breasted duck. A bird with high egg production (120-130 eggs per year), but slow weight gain (sales weight - 2.5 kg - gaining only 3 months).
  • Mulard. A hybrid of Peking duck with musky. The bird is characterized by slow weight gain: by 3 months it weighs 4 kg, by 6 months - up to 7 kg. It feeds mainly on grass and cannot have offspring.

The cost of buying a herd

In order for the farm to function properly and quickly bring income, the herd must have at least 1560 ducks(1500 fattening birds, 50 breeding females and 10 drakes). Since the survival rate of ducklings is 95%, you will have to purchase 1640 ducklings.

The cost of a daily duckling depends on the breed and averages 100 rubles. The purchase of 1640 ducklings will have to spend 164 thousand rubles.

Farm arrangement

A duck farm should have a poultry house with two sections (for fattening ducks and for keeping breeding birds), a pasture for and a utility room in which inventory is stored. All these facilities are located on an area of ​​about 1500 m 2 . The poultry house will occupy 700 m2.

poultry house for fattening ducklings

The area of ​​​​the poultry house for fattening ducklings is calculated taking into account the number of birds: no more than 3 individuals can be accommodated per 1 m 2. For 1500 birds, a room of 500-600 m 2 will be needed.

To save materials, the walls of the house are made different in height: the front wall should have a height of 1.8–2 m, the back one - 1 m. Ducks do not need high ceilings, since, unlike chickens, they can do without perches. At the far wall there should be nests for laying hens.

Bird house requirements:

  • protection from moisture and drafts;
  • good;
  • heating in winter;
  • electric lighting;
  • ease of cleaning and

With south side at a height of 5–10 cm from the ground, a vertical hole measuring 35 × 45 cm is cut through, which leads to an open-air cage.

Breeding poultry house

The section intended for breeding birds should be equipped in the same way as the section for fattening young animals. However, its area is calculated differently: no more than 2 breeding birds can be located per 1 m 2. For 50 females and 10 drakes, 30–50 m 2 of space will be required.

Special attention should pay attention to the device sockets. They are made of boards and are boxes 40 × 50 cm in size and 25–30 cm high. The front wall should be lower - only 7–10 cm - so that it is convenient for the bird to climb inside. It is advisable to place the nests at the far wall of the house. Their number should be equal to the number of females. Nests are covered with sawdust, moss or straw.

Warmer boxes for little ducklings can also be placed in the house. They should be heated from below, and illuminated from above by lamps with red light.

Poultry equipment

Each poultry house should have the following equipment:

  1. Lamps with red light. Even if the house has windows, natural light in the autumn-winter period will not be enough. Therefore, it is necessary to install lamps in the room that will provide a lighting intensity of 5 watts per 1 m 2.
  2. Heaters. Birds do not tolerate cold well. To prevent the temperature in the house from dropping below 11ºС, it will have to be equipped with heaters. The most economical option would be to install a potbelly stove with a water circuit and radiators. Heating the house with infrared lamps or electric convectors will cost much more.
  3. Litter. Poultry house should be covered with straw, shavings or sawdust; this bedding will be changed as needed. For 1 bird per year, it will take up to 6 kg of litter.
  4. Ventilation. In order to simultaneously ensure ventilation and heating of the poultry house, it should be equipped with a non-conventional supply and exhaust ventilation, and ventilation with forced supply of warm air.
  5. Feeders for food. Birds should have portable feeders for dry food and wet mash. The feeders are in the form of an elongated trough 25 cm wide and 1–1.5 m long. Their depth is 15–20 cm. They are equipped with a bar on top that prevents the birds from climbing inside and scattering food.
  6. Feeder for mineral supplements. It looks like a regular feeder, divided into 3 sections: for chalk, gravel and shells. Attached to the wall at a height of 20 cm.
  7. Drinkers. The drinkers are made of wood in the same dimensions as the feeders. So that moisture does not deform the wood, it must be tarred and painted. If there is running water on the site, you can install flow-through drinkers from sawn into two parts metal pipe. It is also possible to equip the house with nipple or drip drinkers, and the young boxes with automatic drinkers.

Aviary for walking

For 1 m 2 open space there may be 2 individuals. Therefore, for a herd of 1560 birds, an aviary with a size of 800 m 2 will be needed. In order for the birds not to scatter, the pasture must be fenced with a high fence, and covered with a net on top, which will protect the ducks from attacks by predatory animals and birds. Part of the enclosure (approximately 200 m 2) should be under a canopy so that the birds can hide from the sun.

If there is a natural reservoir on the site, the birds will be happy to splash in the water. This will reduce feed costs: after all, birds will receive almost the entire daily ration of food naturally. If there is no natural reservoir, there is no need to equip an artificial reservoir: it will quickly become dirty.

The cost of equipping the premises

The arrangement of the poultry house and aviaries will require large investments:

  • construction of poultry houses - 1 million rubles;
  • installation of a ventilation and heating system - 100 thousand rubles;
  • installation lighting fixtures- 100 thousand rubles;
  • purchase of heating boxes for chicks - 50 thousand rubles;
  • purchase of drinkers and feeders - 100 thousand rubles.

Costs can be reduced if you make drinkers and feeders yourself.

Equipment

The farm should have the following equipment:

  1. Incubators. If it is planned to breed ducklings artificially on the farm, you will need to purchase at least 10 universal incubators. In a device designed for 100 chicken eggs, fit 70 duck. The purchase of incubators will cost 100 thousand rubles.
  2. Feather plucking machine. It will not be possible to manually process a large number of carcasses, so large farm there should be a feather plucking machine. Its cost is low - only 15 thousand rubles.
  3. Freezing installations. It will not be possible to immediately sell the finished product, and so that it does not deteriorate, it will be necessary to store it in freezers. An industrial freezer with a capacity of 4.7 m 3 will cost 60 thousand rubles.

Breeding ducks and the principles of the formation of a breeding herd

A duck farm requires regular replenishment of the herd. After the slaughter of the first batch of young animals, you will need to purchase another 1,500 for fattening. In order not to spend money on young animals, it is worth taking care of the self-reproducibility of the farm resources.

To maintain a herd of 1,500 birds, 50 females and 10 drakes will be required. For the year they will give about 7500 ducklings. For the best fertilization of eggs, 5 females should have 1 drake.

Breeding birds must meet the breed standard. For breeding, large, but lean individuals with smooth, shiny plumage and a strong physique are selected. Ducks reach sexual maturity by 5-6 months.

Breeding chicks

Chicks can be hatched in two ways: by natural incubation and with the help of an incubator. With natural incubation, the hatchability of eggs is 90–95%. Eggs incubate for 30-35 days, so one laying hen will be able to hatch 3 batches of 14-19 eggs during the laying period.

Breeding chicks with the help of an incubator gives a low percentage of hatchability - only 60-70%. Eggs for incubation are collected from nests daily, sent to a special room and stored at a temperature of 15ºС for 15–18 days. In order not to be mistaken in terms, on each egg it is necessary to put down the date of removal from the nest. When enough material is collected, the eggs are laid in the incubator.

Feeding

The ducklings are fattened for 2 months and then sent for slaughter. During this period, the duck eats 10 kg of feed (3.5 kg of feed provide an increase in weight of 1 kg). It turns out that the number of ducks from 1500 individuals needs to purchase 15 tons of feed for 2 months.

Ducks are unpretentious in food, but their diet must include:

  • wet mixers (a mixture of various vegetables, herbs, tops of plants with whey or broth);
  • ready-made dry compound feed;

The cost of 1 kg of feed is 10 rubles. This means that 15 tons of food will cost 150 thousand rubles.

Cost calculation

Organizing a farm will require serious investments:

  • purchase of ducklings - 164 thousand rubles;
  • arrangement of premises - 1 million 350 thousand rubles;
  • purchase of equipment - 175 thousand rubles;
  • purchase of feed for a batch of ducks - 150 thousand rubles.

Current expenses will consist of paying for electricity and paying salaries to employees. This will require about 200 thousand rubles. per month.

Consequently, the opening of a duck farm will cost 2 million rubles.

Income calculation

The main source of income is the sale of duck meat. Its cost is 200 rubles. per kg. The average carcass weight is 2.5 kg. Therefore, one carcass can be sold for 500 rubles. A batch of ducks of 1,500 individuals will bring the owner 750 thousand rubles.

Up to 5 batches of ducks can be bred per year. This means that the annual income is 3 million 750 thousand rubles. Even if you consider that you have to pay for electricity and the labor of hired workers every month, the farm will pay off in about a year.

Subsequently, the profitability of the business will be 50-70%. And to increase profits, you can sell by-products: feathers, down, eggs and ducklings.

Sales of products

Duck meat is in demand by consumers, so duck farm products will be happy to be purchased by:

  • cafes and restaurants;
  • markets;
  • supermarkets and shops.

Pooh will buy a sewing shop that makes blankets and pillows. Eggs and young animals will be purchased by novice farmers. And the summer residents will take the manure to fertilize the gardens.

Duck products are less popular than chicken or turkey products. Therefore, in large grocery chains, you rarely find duck meat, and even more so eggs. Customers can find duck in the market or butcher shops. Some gourmets order this bird in a cafe or restaurant. The dish is delicious and is constantly on the menu of a reputable institution. In some regions, duck farms are non-existent due to farmers' commitment to chicken. Consumer demand is trying to satisfy private farms. But the market is poorly filled. A villager can expand the ranks of poultry breeders and draw up a business plan for breeding ducks. The business can be profitable if the start-up costs do not drown the young poultry farmer in debt.

To evaluate the possibilities, study our example, which presents a business plan for breeding ducks with calculations.

Project Summary

The specifics of the work of a duck farm is in many ways similar to the breeding of chickens and other birds. We need an equipped poultry house and a place for walking in warm weather. Choose closed type raising ducks is not worth it if they allow climatic conditions. This will reduce the cost of feed, bedding and maintenance time.

Usually ducks are grown for meat and the livestock is sold when it reaches 2-3 kg of total weight. It is cost-effective to buy meat breeds that grow quickly.

But the farm needs constant renewal of young animals so that the turnover is constant. It is unprofitable to buy chicks from other poultry houses, because the cost price increases final product and lower profit margins.

It is rational to allocate a place for hereditary families that will provide the poultry farm with the necessary offspring. For a small farm with a livestock of 300 heads, you can buy two egg-laying families (2 drakes and 6 ducks), which will provide a supply of a replacement lot.

Ducks do not like cold and drafts. The room requires good ventilation, heating, light. The bird lives on the floor, there is no need to build perches. We provide only nesting sites.

This project is focused on expanding the existing chicken farm. Otherwise, the duck direction may be the only one, but it is better to launch it for an already existing farmer who has experience working with a poultry house.

Project characteristics

Type of activity: poultry farming. Growing ducks for commercial purposes.

OKVED: 01.47 "Breeding of poultry".

Territorial location of the object: countryside. Locality located near regional center. There is a good transport connection between the points, which makes it possible to independently deliver the bird to the market or to a private shop. The landlord owns a large plot of land. There is enough space for building a poultry house and walking ducks. The peace of the neighbors will not be disturbed.

There is water supply on the territory. Requires electrical wiring and installation heating equipment. There is a storage room for food and equipment.

Form of activity legalization: KFH.

Taxation: ESHN.

Opening hours: daily, around the clock.

Service list:

  • Breeding ducks for meat.
  • Retail sale of carcasses on the market, according to an ad on agricultural forums and websites.
  • Small wholesale in the catering network.

Investments

Ducks do not require the equipment of a poultry house, as in a chicken coop, because the purpose of the business is to fatten the bird for meat. Eggs are only needed to update the party. The building should be well ventilated, without perches, but with feeders and drinkers. Ducks are always on the floor and require constant maintenance to keep damp. The costs go to the substrate (up to 6 kg per 1 head). Clustering also affects weight gain and the struggle for space. When building a poultry house, we take into account that per 1 sq. m can accommodate two individuals. The equipment required is minimal, but investments are needed. The articles and amounts of investments will be reflected in the table:

Cost item Investments, rub.
Registration of a peasant farm, obtaining a veterinarian's opinion, conducting laboratory tests 5 thousand
Incubators to provide the farm with its offspring (2 pcs.) 15 thousand
Drinkers, feeders (homemade) 10 thousand
Building materials for the complex 40 thousand
Lighting 5 thousand
Heating system 15 thousand
Plumbing for building 5 thousand
Ventilation with air heating 10 thousand
Bird litter 5 thousand
Pen plucking machine 12 thousand
Equipment for the slaughter of birds and storage of carcasses 50 thousand
Feed warehouse equipment 15 thousand
Veterinarian services 5 thousand
Total 192 thousand

The amount of initial investment in a duck business can be more or less. It depends on the region, prices for Construction Materials. The cost of the vehicle on which the products will be transported can be excluded from the business plan if the farmer already has transport for household needs. In the estimate we will include the cost of buying ducks. We choose meat chicks for growing for meat and two families of egg-laying ducks for personal replenishment of the livestock in order to save money on the constant purchase of chicks from other poultry houses. For these purposes, we will lay an amount of 70 thousand rubles.

In the future, funds will be required for veterinary services, vaccination of young animals, and prevention in the poultry house. Events are non-permanent, and services will be paid at a time. The total investment at the stage of preparation for the opening can be about 350-500 thousand. If we exclude the purchase of transport, then investments are planned in the amount of 150 to 300 thousand rubles. These are one-time costs that will pay off quickly with the right approach to duck business. Fixed expenses there will only be an update of the livestock, feed, bedding, public utilities, taxes and transport.

We complete the staff

The business plan assumes that the poultry house will be serviced by family members and will not require the involvement of outside hands. The main work is laying fodder, observing drinking regime and temperature maintenance. In the warm season, the bird will be in an open area. Slaughter of poultry and sale in the market or in public catering are the duties of adult family members. You can agree on the sale with sellers in the market if it is not possible to place your own outlet. However, the profitability will be lower.

You don't need a veterinarian. It is enough to conclude an agreement for the provision of a number of services and pay for them according to the price list. Reports to the tax or Pension Fund you can do it yourself or turn to specialists without hiring permanent job accountant.

The main salary costs are individual entrepreneur contributions established by the state and deductions for one employee who helps with the housework. For the year, expenses will amount to about 100 thousand rubles.

Calendar plan

Based on the fact that there is no need to look for a land plot and draw up a large list of documents, starting a poultry house will not take much time. It is necessary to build a building for the main livestock and ducks with young offspring. If you involve a team, the work can be completed in a week. The rest of the time will be spent on equipping the house with water, light, drinkers, feeders and buying pets. It is advisable to start looking for customers before receiving the first batch of meat livestock. In many regions, April allows you to do construction work and take chicks into your household. In the table, we note the approximate dates:

Procedure Period
March April May June
Submission of documents for the legalization of activities and confirmation of intentions to engage in poultry farming +
Preparation of drawings and estimates for the construction of a poultry house, summing up communications +
Purchase of materials. Construction stage. Communication equipment +
Arrangement of a poultry house, economic block. Purchase of inventory, cold storage +
Search for farms that breed chickens for sale. Buying the first batch + +
Buying feed. Putting the poultry house into operation +
Search for clients for the sale of meat + + +
Obtaining documents for the sale of meat in the market or in public catering +
Placement of ads on the Internet and print media + +
First sales of meat. Work on breeding young animals +

A duck mini-farm can bring the first profit two months after buying a bird. Difficulties arise in the first sale of products if the farmer is not known to anyone. It is necessary to study the situation on the market and agree on the possibility of personal duck trading.

Benefits

The profitability of agriculture largely depends on the knowledge of the farmer, the correct choice of animal breed and the creation favorable conditions for the subordinates. Not the last factor is profitable implementation. The economy involves only retail sale. The cost of one bird depends on the weight and price range in a particular region.

Let's calculate the profitability of a duck farm. The chick reaches marketable form (2-3 kg of weight) at the age of 8-10 weeks. In a year, 800 ducks weighing 3 kg can be grown and sold. One chilled duck carcass can bring an income of 1,000 - 1,200 rubles at a price of 350 rubles / kg. The annual revenue will be 800-900 thousand rubles in the absence of force majeure circumstances.

In addition to meat, duck feathers and down will remain, which can be sold in small wholesale to textile companies. The amount of income depends on the terms of the agreement with the customer.

Now let's calculate the net profit, taking into account the investment and fixed costs duck farm:

In addition, KFH pays taxes on land and transport. The amounts depend on individual circumstances. Suppose that the yield of a duck farm for the year will be 450 thousand rubles. Investments at the start stage amounted to 300 thousand rubles, which means that in 8-9 months the duck business will pay off and begin to generate a net income of 50 thousand per month or more.

Eventually

Breeding ducks for profit can be done if there is an idea about their content and there is a demand for products. The main demand among poultry meat is chicken and turkey, but the duck is not inferior to them in its taste characteristics. The first revenue can be received in 2-3 months, but it will take time to return the investment. The first year in the duck business is difficult for a beginner, but waiting will give a good result in the second year of keeping ducks.

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