What does a mango plant look like? Tropical tree at home: how to grow a mango from a stone

Growing mango from the stone at home

Sprouts of this evergreen tree can be purchased at a special nursery and planted at home. This method is preferable, since the survival rate of the seedling is much higher, it is easier to care for it and there is no chance of getting wild plant. However, if you still have a bone from a ripe fruit, then it is absolutely realistic to germinate it and save on the purchase, observing some simple rules.

How to grow mangoes at home

For planting, only a fresh bone extracted from a ripe fruit is suitable. Determining the degree of maturity of a mango is very simple - if the core is easily separated from the pulp, then it is suitable for sprouting. Rinse it well, then carefully scrape off the remaining fruit with a sharp knife. Next, the bone must be split to allow the sprouts to break through faster:

if it lends itself easily, then remove the outer dense layer, carefully pull out the contents, similar to large beans, and treat it with a fungicide ( special tool, which fights fungi and harmful spores). If there are several embryos, choose the most green and even one, it is he who has the most chances of sprouting.
if the shell is very hard, then it is better not to try to make a puncture so as not to injure the seed. In this case, place the bone for several weeks in a transparent container with water. room temperature and leave on a well-lit windowsill. Do not forget to change the water every two days so that it does not stagnate and bloom.

After that, prepare the pot for planting. Since under natural conditions a mango tree grows from 10 to 45 m in height, it is better to initially take a large pot for the plant in order to transplant it as little as possible and injure the roots. Drainage should be laid at the bottom of the pot: small gravel or special granules - they will not allow water to stagnate and spoil the root system. The soil is suitable for a universal type, the main thing is to observe a neutral level of acidity.

The most convenient way to check the level of acidity is with a special device, which can be called a soil Ph meter or a PH meter. There are also paper disposable indicators that change color upon contact with acidic soil after some time (from 1 to 15 minutes depending on the manufacturer).

Landing can be done in several ways:

sideways, if you are not exactly sure where is the bottom and where is the top;
horizontally, if a small sprout has already hatched.

In any case, it is impossible to completely sprinkle it with earth; it is optimal to leave 1/4 of the bone above the surface and pour abundantly with settled water at room temperature. If after watering the soil settles heavily, just add another small layer.

To create an ideal microclimate for germination for mangoes at home, after planting, the pot with the stone must be covered with a thin glass sheet, cellophane, or a plastic bottle cut in half. Once every 2-3 days, slightly raise the edges of the shelter to ventilate and prevent the bone from rotting.

It is best to place the pot on the southern windowsill, where the most sunlight. In two or three weeks, the first sprouts will appear and it will be possible to observe how the mango grows at home, then the shelter can be removed from the pot.

Mango tree at home: how to care

If from the very beginning you took a small container for the mango, then you should wait a little with further transplantation. It is best to do this after the tree grows a little and gets stronger. It will be possible to finally transplant a mango tree into a permanent container no earlier than in a year. Try to avoid frequent transplants, because each manipulation of this kind is a stress for the plant, to which it can respond by shedding leaves or even death.

Considering the climate in which mangoes grow in natural environment, at home it will be necessary to recreate these conditions as much as possible. The tree does not tolerate dry soil and air, so do not forget to water it regularly and also keep it indoors. enough level humidity (70-80%). At the same time, do not get carried away with excessive spraying of leaves - they are very susceptible to fungi and mold, which can quickly develop and destroy the plant.

As a fertilizer for mango grown from a stone or seedling at home, biohumus is suitable, as well as nitrogen-containing mixtures used for growing persimmons or citrus fruits. If you dropped him off at open ground, then 2 times a year do not forget to add organic substances to the near-trunk circle (4-5 liters of water infused with manure or rotten leaves) for feeding.

Bright daylight is extremely necessary for the plant, therefore the pot with it should be placed on the most illuminated window sill of the apartment, and in winter it will not hurt additional source light, you can use fluorescent lamp.

Mango tolerates pruning well - you can shape its crown at your own discretion. If you plan to leave the tree in the room, then after it reaches a meter, start pinching the top pairs of leaves along with the buds. Cutting areas must be processed garden pitch.

Is it possible to get mango fruits at home

Unfortunately, even if you follow all the instructions exactly, growing mango from the stone at home will bring you a decorative tropical plant with graceful leaves, reminiscent of a palm tree. Only grafted specimens can bloom and bear fruit. They can be bought at botanical garden or nursery, or graft the plant by budding on your own, taking a bud from a fruiting one.

To graft a mango tree grown from seed:

Take a sterile sharp knife, cut off a kidney with a piece of bark and wood. On your tree, not far from the ground, make a small incision in the shape of the letter T with a sterile tool, carefully bend the edges of the bark and plant a cut kidney there. Wrap the vaccination site with soft electrical tape and wait until it grows.

Mangoes can bloom 2 years after grafting, and if this happens, then after 3 months (100 days) expect the first harvest of sweet, fragrant fruits. A grafted tree needs regular fertilization (it only needs to be watered with nitrogen-containing dressings and mixtures), especially during flowering and fruit ripening.

Growing mango from a stone at home: video instruction

Outcome

The mango tree is an unusual exotic plant that will not only become a wonderful specimen in your collection, but can also bear delicious fruits if you follow some simple rules and instructions when planting and caring. And the main condition that needs to be met in order to get mango fruits at home is to graft the plant and provide it with high-quality and regular fertilizer.

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Mango is a terrific, vitamin-rich fruit with excellent nutritional properties. palatability. The plant sprouts in tropical countries, therefore, in Russia, the fruits of the mango tree have a rather high cost. Despite this, almost everyone has tried mangoes and knows that there is a stone inside this fruit. Mango seed is not difficult to germinate at home, following some recommendations.

The bone is perfectly accustomed to flower pot if it is from a well-ripened fruit. First of all, you need to pay attention to the fetus itself. It should have a reddish or yellow shade. The flesh should be soft and juicy, and the pit should be easy to separate.

Bone preparation

It must be remembered that the seed should be germinated immediately from a fresh fruit. Dried seeds will not germinate.

At the first stage, the bone must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed under running water. This procedure will help to avoid rotting of the grain and its death.

It is better to open the shell to reduce the germination time. To do this, you need to cut a little with a knife upper layer. If the fruit is ripe, then the shell will easily open completely, and inside you can find a seed already starting to germinate. If opening the top layer is difficult, you should not continue trying to extract the seed - it will germinate anyway, only it will take more time.

Germination

Before planting, the nucleolus should be germinated. This can be done in several ways.

The first option is to lower the bone into a glass with clean water, room temperature. The water needs to be changed every two days.
The second method is germination in wet gauze. The seed is wrapped in a cloth abundantly moistened with clean water. The gauze must always be kept moist.

After two weeks, you can see the sprout. This means that the mango is ready for planting.

planting a mango

After the stone has been prepared and the sprout has appeared, the mango is planted in the soil. But first you need to prepare and purchase everything you need. Would need:

The container in which the plant will be planted. The container should be with a hard bottom and deep enough, as mango roots reach large sizes;
Drainage to be placed at the bottom of the pot;
The soil. Better general purpose substrate.

The drainage is filled up, the soil is in the container - you can start planting. In the ground you need to make a recess for the bone. A stone, planted down by the root, and a peeping sprout are sprinkled with earth. From above, you can organize a greenhouse from glass jar or circumcised plastic bottle.

At first, the mango grows for a long time, and a sprout can appear only after a month. After the sprout appears, the plant will begin to quickly stretch.

plant care

Proper care contributes to the rapid growth of the plant. A mango pot is best placed on a windowsill, where there is a lot of natural light. Periodically, you need to walk the plant, removing the greenhouse. When the first leaves appear on the tree, the greenhouse can be removed completely. But the temperature in the room where the mango is located must be stable - without sudden changes and not lower than 23 degrees.

Since the plant is tropical, and in the tropics the air is distinguished by its humidity, this fact should also be taken into account when leaving. Regularly the leaves should be sprayed with clean water.

Under all conditions, the tree will grow very quickly. In nature, it reaches 20 meters. At home, this is impossible and not necessary. Branches need to be cut, forming a crown. It is recommended to pinch the top after the eighth leaf has formed. If the crown after the first pruning is well formed, then in the future the branches are only pinched.

The plant does not tolerate crowding. If the capacity has become small, you need to transplant the mango into a pot bigger size.

Mango transplant

Since the tree grows very quickly, it needs to be replanted often - once a year, until it reaches 4-5 years of age. You should not do this immediately after the appearance of sprouts, even if the capacity is very small. The plant is sensitive, and careless actions can destroy a fragile sprout. It is better to transplant the mango into a larger pot after a year.

At 6-7 years of life, the plant can bloom. Three months later, it will bear fruit. But mangoes grown from the seeds of purchased fruits rarely bear fruit. To achieve sweet juicy fruits, you can graft a fruiting mango bud purchased from a nursery to a tree.

Seed preparation for planting. Before planting, it is necessary to remove the bone from the fruit and release the seed. To do this, the mango fruit is cut into two halves, after which a bone is taken from it. It should be washed and carefully opened so as not to damage the contents.

It often happens that the bone does not open. In this case, you can not split it with a hammer or other tool, because you can harm the future sprout. You should put the core in a container with clean water and put it in a warm, well-lit place. The water needs to be changed periodically. Usually after 2 weeks the bone swells and opens.

A mango seed resembles a large bean. After removing it, it is required to treat it with a special fungicide. This is done in order to protect the sprout from diseases.

The processed seed is wrapped in a damp cloth or paper towel, placed in plastic bag with a clasp and put away in a plastic container. You can put wet sawdust on the bottom of the container and put the seed on top. The whole structure is placed in the dark warm place before the emergence of the sprout. Germination occurs in 2-3 weeks. All this time do not allow the seed to dry out.

Planting a seedling

Planting a seedling is carried out in an already prepared pot with an earthen mixture. It is better to immediately take the pot deeper so that the plant is not often transplanted. As for the soil, its composition can be universal. The main condition is a neutral level of acidity. Otherwise, the seedling will develop slowly, and then completely wither away.

Here's how it's done:

On the house plant at a distance of 1-2 cm from the root collar, an incision is made in the shape of the letter T with a sharp knife.
The edges of the incision are gently opened. A scion taken from a nursery is inserted there.
The junction is secured with insulating tape.

If everything is done correctly, in about a month the scion bud will begin to develop. In this case, after 90 days cut off the main shoot of the tree slightly above the grafting area. The resulting cut must be treated with garden pitch.

After grafting, the plant needs at least 3 years to grow a new crown. Only after this period will it begin to bloom and bear fruit. Expect big harvest should not be, as the mango flowers in the apartment are not pollinated very well. Fruit ripening occurs after 3-4 months.

It is quite possible to grow a mango from a seed at home. Such a tree will be a wonderful decoration of the apartment and will surprise your friends.

Mango is the most common tropical tree. This is evergreen comes from Burma and eastern India, belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. The tropical tree is one of the main national symbols of India and Pakistan.

The height of a tree trunk can reach 30 meters, and its crown in girth - up to 10 meters. The long dark green mango leaves are lanceolate in shape, and their width is no more than 5 cm. The young glossy leaves of a tropical plant are characterized by a red or yellow-green color.

The flowering period of mango falls on February-March. Yellowish inflorescences are collected in pyramidal brooms. Panicles-inflorescences consist of several hundred flowers, and sometimes their number is measured in thousands. Their length can reach 40 cm. Mango flowers are predominantly male. The aroma of the opened flowers is almost identical to the smell of lily blossoms. Between the period of wilting of flowers and ripening of mango fruits, at least three months pass. In some cases, this process is delayed up to six months.

The tropical plant has long, strong stems that can support the weight of ripe fruits. A ripe mango can weigh up to 2 kilograms. The fruit has a smooth and thin peel, the color of which directly depends on the degree of ripeness of the fruit. The color of the peel can be green, yellow and red, but it is not uncommon for a combination of all of these colors to be found on the same fruit. The state of its pulp (soft or fibrous) also depends on the degree of ripeness of the fruit. Inside the mango pulp is a large hard bone.

In modern times, more than five hundred varieties of tropical fruit are known. According to some reports, there are up to 1000 varieties. All of them are different in shape, color, size, inflorescences and taste of the fruit. On industrial plantations, preference is given to the cultivation of dwarf mangoes. They are recommended to be grown at home.

The evergreen tropical tree comes from the Indian states. Mango often grew in tropical forests with high humidity. Today, the tropical fruit is grown in the most various points planets: Mexico, South America, USA, Philippines, Caribbean Islands, Kenya. Mango trees are also found in Australia and Thailand.

India is the main supplier of mangoes to foreign countries. About 10 million tons of tropical fruits are collected on the plantations of this South Asian country. In Europe, Spain and the Canary Islands are considered the largest suppliers of mangoes.

Location, lighting, temperature

The location of the tropical tree in the house plays a key role in the proper development of the plant. If possible, the brightest and brightest place in the apartment should be allocated for the placement of mangoes.

An evergreen tree should be kept in a loose pot as its root system is rapidly developing. Mango loves to be in the sun. The lack of natural lighting often leads to plant diseases.

Mango is a rather heat-loving plant, for a plant optimum temperature at any time of the year it fluctuates between 20-26 degrees.

The soil

The soil under the mango tree should be loose enough. Be sure to remember to take care of good drainage!

Watering and humidity

Moderately moist soil is optimal soil for growing tropical trees. It is very important to minimize watering during mango flowering. At the same time, attention should be paid to the condition of the leaves - they will wilt without moisture. After removing the fruits, the irrigation regime becomes the same. The plant needs to gain new strength for further development. Moderately moist soil is especially important for young trees that do not tolerate existence in a dry substrate.

Mango does not like excessive dampness, however, dry air can harm him. The humidity in the room should be moderate.

Top dressings and fertilizers

To form a beautiful branched crown, it is necessary to feed the plant in early spring. During the period of active growth of a tropical tree, organic fertilizers should be introduced into the soil (every 2 weeks). Microfertilizers are used for additional plant nutrition, which is carried out no more than 3 times a year. AT autumn period mango does not need fertilizer. In order for the plant to develop correctly and please its owners with healthy and tasty fruits, it is advisable to select a complete balanced fertilizer for it.

Previously, mangoes were propagated through seeds and grafts. Only the last method of reproduction of a tropical plant has retained its relevance today. This is due to the fact that the vaccine gives a guaranteed result. Plants are grafted exclusively in summer period. For grafted trees, you can choose any soil, provided that the earth is light, loose and nutritious. Good drainage is also a must.

If a young grafted tree is in a hurry to bloom and bear fruit, then the flower panicle should be removed after it has completely bloomed. It is possible to allow flowering of mangoes with all the ensuing consequences only 1-2 years after vaccination.

It is noteworthy that the first mango harvest will be minimal, and this is normal. The plant tries to protect itself from exhaustion, and allows you to get some large and tasty fruits. In the future, the number of mangoes will increase.

How to grow a mango from a seed

By the way, mango can be grown quite easily from the seed. How exactly to germinate a mango tree bone - watch an interesting video.

Diseases and pests

For mango, the greatest danger is and. Of the diseases, bacteriosis, anthracnose and are most common.

Today we will talk about how to independently grow a fruiting mango tree at home. We will also find out what methods and technologies for cultivating mangoes on a windowsill or in a greenhouse are.

To get started, buy a mango fruit in the store. When choosing a fruit, pay attention to its maturity. Most of the mangoes on our shelves are super woody. Choose the softest mangoes. After freeing the mango bone from the pulp, the bone should be cleaned as thoroughly as possible. Thinking about growing it in room conditions, you need to understand that you will have a large, fairly fast-growing plant that needs to be provided with light and heat.

Mango is easy to grow from a large, flat, ovoid stone, extracted from the fruit. Of course, the fruit must be taken ripe. The choice of such a fruit is hampered by the fact that the peel does not turn yellow or redden in all varieties, in some it remains green when ripe. To extract the pit, take a softer, slightly overripe fruit; sometimes you can find in it an already burst pit with a sprout showing out. Before planting, clean the bone as much as possible from the pulp, which is not so easy to do because of its fibrous surface. And yet you need to try to scrape off the pulp with a knife, otherwise mold will appear after planting.

It is necessary to use the stone immediately after extraction from the fetus, dried or frozen ones do not germinate. open bone can be planted immediately, placing the root down, close to the surface of the soil. Mango pits have a very hard skin, like an apricot. And if you want to succeed in this event, then the seed should help. Free the sprout from its "shell".

If the stone is not opened, dip it in a glass of water at room temperature for 1-2 weeks (it must be changed every 2 days), and then plant it, once again cleaning the swollen flesh on the surface. Another way is to let it swell in a wet towel, as we used to germinate pumpkin or zucchini seeds. Drying must not be allowed.

The soil for planting should be light, as for succulents, mixed with expanded clay or pebbles. The pot has a drainage hole. From above you need to organize a "greenhouse" from a cut plastic bottle. Unscrew the cork occasionally to ventilate.
Place the seed pot in a bright spot and keep the soil moist. Regular watering becomes especially important after germination, after 4-10 weeks. From one bone sometimes several shoots appear at once. At first they grow very very slowly, then growth accelerates.

As soon as the seedlings get stronger, they gradually acclimatize the plant, remove the "greenhouse", and transplant them into individual, more spacious containers, with fertile soil with addition marble chips. Mango is demanding on air humidity, so seedlings need to be sprayed periodically. When keeping plants, it must be borne in mind that they love space and warmth, they absolutely cannot stand crampedness and cold.

Plants bloom at the age of 6-10 years. In our climatic conditions flowering usually does not happen not only in room conditions, but also in greenhouses. AT southern regions it's more real. But fruiting even in the southern latitudes on the windowsill is very a rarity. The fact is that a huge number of flowers in a paniculate yellowish or reddish inflorescence (there may be up to 10,000 of them) are not pollinated even on plantations, and a fruit is formed from very few. On the windowsill, where the conditions are far from those required by the culture, the probability is even lower.

Mangoes should be transplanted after the roots are braided with an earthen ball. Mango seedlings grow at home quite quickly and vigorously. Later, if you don't want to have a super-huge mango propping up the ceiling at home, you can shape it with pruning.

Location. Mango seedlings prefer bright diffused light. But as soon as the mango tree begins to grow intensively, give it as much light as possible. If you can take it outside, even better.

Watering. During active growth, the mango tree is watered abundantly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. However, do not let the soil dry out. Germinating seeds should grow in a moderately moist substrate. Feed seed-grown mango seedlings with a weak liquid fertilizer solution throughout the growing season.

substrate. When growing mangoes at home, they need to deprive a fertile substrate with the addition of peat and always good drainage.

Varieties. Mango is one of the most cultivated crops in the world. In addition to the main species (of which there are about 40), breeders have created thousands of varieties. Fruiting mango trees are not decorative, although they are not without a special exotic charm.

Another way to grow mangoes at home

In order for you to be able to grow a mango from a stone, you need to take a stone only from a fresh and ripe fruit. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right fruit - unripe fruits are also suitable for food (in last resort they can be allowed to ripen at home), but for growing from a seed, you need a ripe, not stale fruit.

For planting, you need to take only fresh bones that have not yet had time to dry. Ideally, the seed should be planted within a couple of days after you take it out of the fruit. If for some reason you couldn’t do this, put the bone in a plastic bag, or better, in a container filled with wet earth, sawdust or sand. So the bone will remain viable for another couple of months, however, there is no 100% guarantee that it will germinate.
The bone taken out of the fruit must be carefully cleaned of the remaining pulp. Then take a sharp knife and carefully cut open the hard shell of the seed. If the mango was really ripe, this should be easy enough. The seed must be treated with a fungicide before planting (for example, a weak solution of potassium permanganate).

For planting mangoes at home, you need a large pot with thick walls and a strong day. root system Mango develops very quickly, if the pot has a thin bottom, the roots will simply break through it. As a result, you will have a plant with a powerful root (up to 60 cm long) and a very weak sprout. In this case, it will be very difficult to transplant the tree without harming it.

Our exotic plant is not too demanding on the composition of the soil, but the ideal option would be a loose, moisture- and air-permeable mixture of leaf and soddy soil. Good drainage is very important for mangoes. As with growing avocados, the seed is not completely immersed in the ground - a quarter should remain outside. At the same time, the seed is immersed with the narrow end down.

The sprout will appear in a few weeks (in the tropics and subtropics it germinates faster, in a week or two, but in our temperate latitudes it will take three to four weeks). How to care for a sprout so that your tree grows healthy and beautiful? It must be remembered that mango is a tropical plant, which means that it is necessary to create conditions for it that are as close as possible to the tropics.

This tree loves bright light, so you need to put the tree pot in the brightest place in the house. If the plant lacks sunlight, the tree may get sick. It also loves high temperatures (about 22-24 degrees). Therefore, in the cold season, you may need to provide him with artificial lighting and additional heating.

Soil and air humidity is also important for mangoes. young plant you need to water abundantly and often, and additionally spray it: this will help protect the shoots from various pests. But do not get carried away, the humidity should be moderate. mature plant watered moderately: the earthen ball should not be either dry or waterlogged. Make sure that the leaves do not fall off the tree.

The first year after seed germination, you need to fertilize the soil every two weeks - a month with a full balanced organic fertilizer, then top dressing can be reduced, but you need to feed at least once a season. Three times a year, you need to feed with microfertilizers, in the fall, top dressing should be stopped.

If you decide to get a tree from a stone, do not expect fruits immediately: plants grown from a stone begin to bear fruit only in the sixth year, and the taste of the fruit can be quite specific. When the mango begins to bear fruit, it should be watered abundantly (but not flooded) before and after fruiting, and moderately during fruit ripening.

Now you know how to grow a mango from a seed, and if you wish, you can replenish your home garden with a beautiful evergreen exotic.

fruit of this exotic plant Rightfully called the "King of Fruits", the mango is one of the most popular, nutritious fruits with a unique flavor that makes it a Numero Uno among functional foods. It is often referred to as a "super fruit"

Mango is one of the delicious seasonal fruits grown in the tropics. The tree is believed to have originated in the sub-Himalayan plains of India. This exotic fruit belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which also contains numerous species of tropical fruit trees and flowering plants such as cashews, pistachios, etc.

The tropical mango tree is cultivated in many regions of India, and its farms are distributed widely throughout the world on many continents. As a rule, the fruit grows at the end of a long branch, like a stem, sometimes with more than one fruit per stem.

Each fruit is usually 5 to 15 cm long and about 4 to 10 cm wide, has typical shape but sometimes oval or round. Its weight ranges from 150 to 750 g. The skin of the unripe fruit is smooth and green, but when it ripens, it becomes golden yellow, raspberry red, yellow or orange red, depending on the type of variety. The ripe fruit season lasts from April to August.

Supplied in various forms and size depending on the variety. Inside, its flesh is juicy, orange-yellow in color with numerous soft fibers emanating from its flat pit located in the center of the fruit. The fruit has a pleasant and rich sweet taste with a slight sourness. The Mango seed usually has one embryo, but sometimes more.

health benefits of mango fruit

· The fruit is rich in biotic dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidant polyphenolic flavonoids.