Fire safety is the state of an object in which the possibility of a fire is excluded. The authority to ensure safe conditions and labor protection is vested in the employer (Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This also applies to measures to ensure fire safety at the employer's premises.

List of main measures to ensure fire safety in organizations

1. For each facility, the head of the organization approves the instruction on fire safety measures. Including separately for each fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous premises of category B1 for production and storage purposes. This is stated in paragraph 2 of the Rules. fire regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

2. Only those persons who have been trained in fire safety measures (clause 3 of the Rules) can be allowed to work at the facility. Training is divided into two types:

Procedure and timing fire safety briefing and passing the fire-technical minimum is determined by the head of the organization.

3. The head of the organization, by his order, appoints the person responsible for fire safety (clause 4 of the Rules). Its task is to ensure compliance with fire safety requirements at the facility, including:

• monitor the maintenance of the territory, buildings, structures and premises, including evacuation routes;
• organize the necessary measures to ensure fire safety during the operation of equipment and the production of fire hazardous work;
• control the order of inspection and closing of premises at the end of the working day;
• monitor the good condition of fire safety systems, the availability and serviceability of primary funds fire fighting, etc.

situation

Is it possible to appoint a person responsible for fire safety in each office by order of the organization

Yes, you can. Any employee of the organization can be appointed responsible for fire safety - Russian legislation in the field of fire safety does not impose any special requirements for the corresponding candidate. At the same time, one organization is enough for one responsible for fire safety, while others appoint several. The head of the organization decides this question independently, based on the specifics of a particular object of protection.

A mandatory requirement for a person responsible for fire safety is that they have completed training in fire safety measures under the fire-technical minimum program.

Read on the topic in the system "Labor protection":

Information about the person responsible for fire safety must be included in the instructions on fire safety measures.

Responsible persons for fire safety can be appointed only with their written consent.

4. On objects with mass stay people, as well as at facilities with jobs on the floor for 10 or more people, the head of the organization places plans for evacuating people in case of fire. On the plans for the evacuation of people in case of fire, the places of storage of primary fire extinguishing equipment are indicated (clause 7 of the Rules).

5. To carry out work to prevent fires at production and storage facilities, as well as at facilities where 50 or more people can be located at the same time, the head can create a fire and technical commission (clause 5 of the Rules).

6. The head of the organization ensures that there are plates with a telephone number to call fire brigade in the following premises(clause 6 of the Rules):

• warehouse;
• production;
• administrative;
• public;
• at the locations of technological installations.

7. At a facility with a mass stay of people, the head of the organization places instructions on the actions of personnel for the evacuation of people in case of fire, and also conducts practical training for employees at least once every six months (clause 12 of the Rules).

8. The head of the organization ensures the maintenance of outdoor fire escapes and fences on the roofs of buildings and structures in good condition. At least once every five years, organizes operational tests of fire escapes and roof railings with the preparation of an appropriate test report (paragraph 24 of the Rules).

9. The head of the organization ensures that the doors of production and storage facilities and outdoor installations have signs (clause 20 of the Rules):

• their categories for explosive and fire hazard;
• zone class in accordance with chapters 5, 7 and 8 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ " Technical regulation on fire safety requirements.

10. The head of the organization at least once a year checks the state of fire retardant treatment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Based on the results of the audit, an audit report is drawn up and the identified violations are eliminated (clause 21 of the Rules).

11. The head of the organization ensures compliance with design decisions and requirements normative documents on fire safety in accordance with the requirements of Article 84 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (clause 33 of the Rules). In particular, this applies to:

• illumination;
• the number, size and space-planning decisions of evacuation routes and exits;
• the presence of fire safety signs on the evacuation routes.

situation

Where should the evacuation sign "Exit" be located?

The "Exit" sign is placed above the doors of the emergency exit or as part of combined safety signs to indicate the direction of movement to the emergency exit. Locations and recommendations for the use of evacuation signs (including the "Exit" sign) are determined by Table I.1 GOST R 12.4.026-2001 " State standard Russian Federation. System of labor safety standards. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test Methods”, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated September 19, 2001 No. 387-st.

12. At least once a year, the head of the organization carries out work to clean the ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from combustible waste. Based on the results, they draw up an appropriate act (clause 50 of the Rules).

13. The head of the organization ensures the serviceability of sources of external fire water supply and internal fire water supply. Their performance is checked at least twice a year. Based on the results, an appropriate act is drawn up. When sections are turned off water supply network or fire hydrants, as well as when the pressure in the water supply system drops below the required level, the head of the organization notifies the fire department. The head of the organization provides working condition fire hydrants, their insulation and cleaning from snow and ice in winter time, entrance accessibility fire fighting equipment to fire hydrants at any time of the year (clause 55 of the Rules).

14. The head of the organization ensures that the fire hydrants of the internal fire water pipeline are equipped with fire hoses, manual fire nozzles and valves. At least once a year, they organize the rolling of fire hoses (clause 57 of the Rules).

15. The head of the organization ensures the good condition of systems and facilities fire protection object (clause 61 of the Rules):

• automatic fire extinguishing installations;
• automatic fire alarm installations, installations of smoke protection systems;
• fire warning systems;
• fire alarms, fire doors;
• fire and smoke dampers;
• protective devices in fire barriers.

At least once a quarter, the employer checks the operability of the specified systems and fire protection equipment of the facility, and, based on the results of the checks, draw up an inspection report. In addition, in accordance with the annual schedule based on technical documentation manufacturers carry out Maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance (clause 63 of the Rules).

16. The head of the organization provides the facility with fire extinguishers according to the standards in accordance with Annexes 1 and 2, as well as compliance with the terms for their recharge, examination and timely replacement specified in the fire extinguisher passport (paragraph 70 of the Rules).

For organizations, buildings, structures and other objects, fire safety measures must be developed and implemented without fail, including during their design.

During the construction of an object, the design stage is milestone, on which the main activities are laid, which in the future provide safe operation building.

Nominal at this stage, in accordance with the requirements Federal Law of December 29, 2004 No. 190-FZ "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" and "Regulations on the organization and conduct state expertise project documentation and the results of engineering surveys”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.03.2007 No. 145, fire-fighting measures are being developed that limit the area, intensity and duration of burning; measures to ensure the safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire; measures to protect the facility with automatic fire protection systems and other measures to ensure the normal functioning of the fire safety system of the facility.

These activities include:

• constructive and space-planning solutions that prevent the spread dangerous factors fire in rooms, buildings and between them;
• fire hazard limitation building materials used in the surface layers of building structures, including roofs, finishes and cladding of facades, rooms and escape routes;
• reduction of technological explosion and fire hazard of premises and buildings;
• availability of automatic fire extinguishing and fire detection equipment, etc.

The provisions of this section should be aimed at ensuring the protection of people and reducing property damage from fires. Protection of people is provided by a complex of space-planning, ergonomic, constructive, engineering and technical and organizational measures.

When developing a section, it is necessary to be guided by the legislation in force in the Russian Federation, fire safety norms and rules, building codes and regulations, construction standards, as well as other regulatory documents.

According to the requirements, the section of the project "Measures to ensure fire safety" is drawn up as an independent section (a separate volume or book), signed by the developers of this section, agreed with the customer and submitted for examination as part of the project documentation.

In accordance with "Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, this section is being developed for capital construction facilities for industrial and non-industrial purposes, as well as for linear capital construction facilities. The section includes text and graphic parts.

The composition of the text part of the section of the project "Measures to ensure fire safety" for capital construction facilities for industrial and non-industrial purposes includes:

• Description of the system for ensuring the fire safety of the capital construction object.
• Justification of fire-prevention distances between buildings, structures and outdoor installations that ensure fire safety of capital construction projects.
• Description and justification of design solutions for external fire water supply, for determining driveways and entrances for fire equipment.
• Description and justification of the adopted design and space-planning decisions, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard building structures.
• Description and justification of design solutions to ensure the safety of people in the event of a fire.
• List of measures to ensure the safety of fire departments during fire extinguishing.
• Information about the category of buildings, structures, premises, equipment and outdoor installations on the basis of explosion and fire hazard.
• List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarm equipment.
• Description and justification of fire protection (automatic fire extinguishing installations, fire alarms, warning and evacuation management in case of fire, internal fire water supply, smoke protection).
• Description and justification of the need to place fire protection equipment, control such equipment, interaction of such equipment with engineering systems of buildings and equipment, the operation of which during a fire is aimed at ensuring the safe evacuation of people, extinguishing a fire and limiting its development, as well as the algorithm for the operation of technical systems (means ) fire protection (if any).
• Description of organizational and technical measures to ensure the fire safety of the capital construction object.
• Calculation of fire risks of a threat to life and health of people and destruction of property (when performing mandatory requirements fire safety, established by technical regulations, and the voluntary fulfillment of the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, the calculation of fire risks is not required);

• Schemes of evacuation of people and material resources from buildings (structures) and from the territory adjacent to buildings (structures) in case of a fire.
• The composition of the text part of the section of the project "Measures to ensure fire safety" for linear capital construction facilities includes:
• Description of the system for ensuring the fire safety of a linear facility and the buildings, structures and structures that ensure its functioning, designed as part of a linear facility.
• Fire hazard description technological processes used on a linear object.
• Description and justification of design solutions that ensure the fire safety of a linear facility (fire distance from the axis of the route to settlements, industrial and agricultural facilities, forest areas, the distance between the routes of linear objects laid parallel to each other, the intersection with the routes of other linear objects, the arrangement of security zones).
• Description of design solutions for the placement of a linear facility, including buildings, structures and structures in its composition, ensuring fire safety of a linear facility (fire distance between buildings, structures, outdoor installations, free-standing tanks with oil and oil products, compressor and pumping stations etc., design solutions for outdoor fire-fighting water supply, driveways and entrances for fire fighting equipment).
• Description and justification of space-planning and constructive solutions, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, the fire resistance limit and the fire hazard class of building structures that ensure the functioning of the linear object of buildings, structures and structures designed and (or) being part of the linear object.
• List of measures to ensure the safety of fire departments in the event of a fire.
• Information about the category of equipment and outdoor installations according to the criterion of explosion and fire hazard.
• List of equipment to be protected using automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms.
• Description and justification of technical fire protection systems (automatic fire extinguishing systems, fire alarms, warning and management of people evacuation in case of fire, internal fire water supply, smoke protection), description of the location of technical fire protection systems, their control systems, as well as the method of interaction with engineering systems of buildings and equipment, the operation of which during a fire is aimed at ensuring the safe evacuation of people, extinguishing a fire and limiting its development, as well as the operation of technical systems (means) for the operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems and fire equipment (if such systems are available).
• Description of technical solutions for the fire protection of technological knots and systems.
• Description of organizational and technical measures to ensure the fire safety of a linear facility, justification of the need to create a fire protection facility, calculation of its necessary forces and means;
• Determination of fire risks of a threat to life and health of people, destruction of property (calculation of fire risks is not required when meeting the mandatory fire safety requirements established by technical regulations, and voluntarily fulfilling the requirements of fire safety regulatory documents).

The composition of the graphic part of the section of the project "Measures to ensure fire safety" for objects of the specified type includes:

• Situation plan of the organization land plot provided for the placement of a capital construction facility, indicating the entrance (exit) to the territory and access routes to fire equipment facilities, locations and capacities of fire tanks (if any), schemes for laying an external fire water pipeline, locations for fire hydrants and locations for pumping stations stations.
• Structural diagrams of technical systems (means) of fire protection (automatic fire extinguishing installations, automatic fire alarm, internal fire water supply).

Development and approval of special specifications

As required Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", and also according to "Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 and "The procedure for the development and approval of special technical conditions for the development of design documentation for a capital construction facility", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated April 1, 2008 No. 36 "On the procedure for developing and agreeing on special technical conditions for the development of design documentation for a capital construction facility" in the event that there are not enough reliability requirements for the development of design documentation for a capital construction facility and safety established by regulatory technical documents, or such requirements are not established, the development of documentation must be preceded by the development and approval in the prescribed manner of special technical conditions (STU).

STUs are developed in the form of norms containing technical requirements for the design and construction of facilities in terms of ensuring fire safety. STU contain (in relation to a specific capital construction object) additional to the established or missing technical requirements in the field of fire safety, reflecting the features of engineering surveys, design, construction, operation, dismantling (demolition) of the object. The STU may also include provisions containing deviations from the existing norms, provided that the need for these deviations is justified and the regulations compensating for these deviations are developed as part of the STU.

The development of STUs is carried out in accordance with the terms of reference of the customer (investor) for their development, at the stage of which the STS structure is determined. STU can be developed in relation to the object as a whole, its parts or certain types structures or engineering systems.

• a detailed justification for the need to develop STU and the missing regulatory requirements for this particular facility in the field of fire safety, set out in accordance with the structure of the existing technical standards in this area;
• a list of forced deviations from the requirements of the current technical regulations in the field of fire safety, containing the rationale for their necessity and measures to compensate for these deviations;
• foundation for construction;
• data including the name and location of the facility and construction conditions;
• information about the investor (customer), general design organization and STU developer;
• description of the object as a whole and its essential elements with a presentation of space-planning and design solutions with the application of a scheme for organizing a land plot and drawings of architectural and planning solutions.

STU approval is carried out by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia).

To consider the issue of approval of the STU, the following documentation is submitted to the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia:

• application of the construction customer addressed to the Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation on the consideration of the STU, signed by the head or the person acting as his head and certified by the seal of the organization (in any form);
• an explanatory note containing information on the need to develop STUs, adopted design technical solutions compensatory measures (in case of decisions on deviation from the current technical standards), a description of the regulations containing new technical requirements (in the case of the development of new requirements), information on ensuring the safety of the facility, and, if necessary, information on the coordination of STU with interested federal authorities executive power;
• positive conclusion of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia;
• Draft STU in two copies, signed officials developer
• copy terms of reference for the development of STU, certified by the head of the construction customer or a person acting as his/her duties.

The decision to approve the STU or to refuse to approve the STU is made by the Minister or a person authorized by him by order within a month from the date of receipt of the Documentation by the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia.

In some cases, by decision of the Minister, the period for reviewing documentation and making appropriate decisions can be extended up to 3 months.

After the approval of the STU, they are subject to approval by the customer.

Development and approval of technical and operational documentation

In accordance with fire safety standards " Gas stations. Fire safety requirements” NPB 111-98 when designing filling stations (hereinafter referred to as gas stations) in accordance with fire safety standards, it is necessary to provide for the use of mass-produced technological systems for receiving, storing and dispensing fuel that have technical and operational documentation (hereinafter referred to as TED) approved and agreed in due course. The technological equipment of the gas station must comply with the TED.

The TED contains requirements for buildings and structures of filling stations, their fire-safe operation (including the conduct of routine and repair work, the actions of personnel in the event of fire hazards and fires), as well as information about the design technological system, technological parameters, service life and warranty obligations of the manufacturer. The requirements are formulated taking into account the specifics of the used technological equipment. As part of the TED, in accordance with the fire safety rules in the Russian Federation Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

Regulations on the organization and conduct of state examination of project documentation and engineering survey results, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 05, 2007 No. 145 “On the procedure for organizing and conducting state examination of project documentation and engineering survey results”.

Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content."

The procedure for the development and approval of special technical conditions for the development of design documentation for a capital construction object, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated April 1, 2008 No. 36 "On the procedure for the development and approval of special technical conditions for the development of design documentation for a capital construction project."

Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation PPB 01-03, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of June 18, 2003 No. 313 and registered with the Ministry of Justice on June 27, 2003 No. 4838.

Fire safety standards “Gas stations. Fire safety requirements "NPB 111-98, approved by the Order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated March 23, 1998 No. 25 and agreed by the Letter of the Gosstroy of Russia dated December 30, 1997 No. 13-831.

Fire safety standards “Procedure for approval by the state fire supervision authorities of the Russian Federation of design and estimate documentation for construction” NPB 03-93, put into effect by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of December 6, 1993 No. 521 and agreed by the Letter of the Gosstroy of Russia of June 1, 1993 No. 13/151.

Introduction.

Project Bureau "01-Project" carries out the development of the album "Measures to ensure fire safety" in accordance with section 9 of the Regulations on the composition of project documentation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 of February 16, 2008.

1. General requirements to the section "Measures to ensure fire safety".

The development of the section "Measures to ensure fire safety" (project of the PB brand), it is also called "Fire prevention measures", is carried out at the Project stage and contains a description decisions taken for fire protection of the building in parts:

Master Plan (GP),

Structural solutions (CR),

External fire water supply (NVK),

Internal fire water supply (VK),

Technological solutions (TX),

Fire protection systems (APT, PS, SOUE, OV)

Organizational events.

2. The content of the text part of the section "Measures to ensure fire safety" (fire prevention measures):

1. Fire distances between buildings.

Permissible minimum distance between buildings depends on their degree of fire resistance, constructive fire hazard classes and is defined in Table 11, No. 123-FZ.

2. External fire-fighting water supply, driveways and entrances for fire fighting equipment.

The building is supplied with water for fire fighting needs from the water supply network through fire hydrants located in wells. In the absence of a water supply network or its inability to provide the required flow, a natural or artificial fire reservoir (reservoirs) is used. The capacity of the tank should provide the need for water for three hours.

The possibility of access to the building of fire trucks is provided pavement. In some cases, in order to preserve the historical landscape, the entrances to the building are organized along the lawns. At the same time, measures are being taken to strengthen them. Dead-end driveways must have turnaround areas measuring 15x15m.

3. Structural and space-planning solutions, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard of building structures.

Space-planning solutions provide conditions for the distribution of human flows during evacuation, limit the possibility of smoke and other combustion products spreading through the building. The fire resistance of building structures determines the ability of a building to maintain its integrity and load-bearing capacity during a fire.

4. Ensuring the safety of people in the event of a fire.

The safety of people during a fire is determined by the conditions of evacuation, the ability to leave the building before the onset of critical fire effects on a person. To create such conditions, planning and technological solutions, engineering solutions for the protection of evacuation routes are used.

5. Ensuring the safety of fire departments during fire extinguishing.

To ensure the working conditions of firefighters, the building is provided with exits or lifts to the roof, an elevator with the function of transporting firefighters, smoke protection of the routes is used.

6. Information about the category of the building and premises according to explosion hazard.

Warehouse and industrial premises building. Categories are calculated based on the fire load in the room. Based on the category of the premises, a decision is made on its protection by automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms.

7. List of buildings, premises and equipment to be protected by fire extinguishing installations, fire alarm system.

The need to equip premises with fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined by SP 5.13130.2009. Application automatic fire extinguishing above regulatory requirement It is the most effective tool reduction of the value fire risk to the standard value.

8. Description and justification of fire protection:

8.1 Automatic fire extinguishing installations;

8.2 Automatic installation fire alarm;

8.3 Warning and evacuation management system;

8.4 Protection of the ventilation system, smoke protection;

9. Interaction and algorithm of equipment operation in case of fire.

The list of engineering systems of the building interacting in case of fire and the algorithm for their control are given in paragraph 2 of the site section "Fire alarm" .

10 . Organizational and technical measures to ensure the fire safety of the facility.

The requirements for the composition of organizational measures are contained in PPB 01-03 "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation" and in the document "Fire Safety Standards. Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations", approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry dated 12.12.2007 No. 645. Responsibility for the implementation of these measures rests with the administration of the building during the period of operation.

3. The content of the graphic part of the project during development fire fighting measures.

In the graphic part of the section "Measures to ensure fire safety" are given block diagrams automation and circuit diagrams technological part of the systems:

- automatic fire extinguishing,

- fire alarm,

- fire alerts ,

Internal fire water supply,

Plan of the land plot indicating fire hydrants, entrances to the building.

When developing a complex of MOPB - measures to ensure fire safety - it is very important to take into account all possible factors risk, even with a small percentage of the probability of occurrence.

As a result, well-thought-out and designed MOPBs can save many lives, as well as valuable tangible property. From here a conclusion - to trust drawing up of the plan of fire-prevention actions only to highly skilled, skilled professionals.

Why do we need MOPB - measures to ensure fire safety

In order to anticipate everything possible risks and ensure effective fire safety measures, the MOPB section is included in the documentation at the design stage of the facility.

Actions should be organized as follows:

• limit the area of ​​the source of ignition;
• limit the power of fire and the duration of burning;
• ensure the safety and timely evacuation of those present at the facility;
• protect the object and material values ​​inside it;
• activate the automatic fire and smoke protection system.

1) Use fireproof materials during construction. This paragraph refers to raw materials for the construction of walls of buildings, as well as facing, finishing, thermal insulation materials. Particular attention should be paid to the corridors and routes along which it is planned to evacuate people in case of fire.

2) Design facilities so that the likelihood of active fire spread is minimal.

3) It is mandatory to equip all buildings and facilities with automatic fire detection and extinguishing systems.

4) Monitor the fire safety of technological processes at the facility, timely secure or eliminate explosive and flammable substances, if any.

The specifics of the object must be taken into account by professionals when compiling the MOPB. For buildings in which there are people with limited mobility (hospitals, maternity hospitals, sanatoriums and others), for example, disabled people, women in a position, the elderly, measures to fire safety should take into account the peculiarities of their movement and orientation in space. Competent performers will compose the MOPB section, taking into account all such nuances.

MOPB section

The section with the name “MOPB” necessarily includes two parts - a textual one, with a detailed justification of the necessary measures to be taken in case of fire, and a graphical one, on which the actions of people in an emergency should be clearly and understandably indicated.

1. The text of the MOPB section - for greater clarity and convenience, may include various tables, lists, calculation formulas. This part contains the following information:

• fire risk calculations;
• fire-fighting measures to be provided during the construction process;
• description of the fire fighting system, places of arrangement of its elements and control rules;
• description of the protective fire-fighting complex and justification for the need to install all elements;
• category of the object according to the class of fire hazard;
• a list of premises, equipment and areas that automatically respond to a fire;
• necessary measures to ensure the safety of fire service employees;
• a project to ensure the safety of persons inside the building in case of fire;
• information about access roads for large fire equipment and outdoor fire water supply object;
• reasonable data on the distances between neighboring buildings and objects to ensure their proper safety.

2. In the annexes of the MOPB section, graphic data should be presented:

• plan-scheme of the plot of land on which the facility is installed, where the path of the entrance of cargo fire equipment is necessarily indicated; laying of the external water supply; location of fire columns and hydrants;
• the internal structure of the placement of all elements automatic system fire safety;
• a schematic plan of evacuation from the building; the ways of movement of people are indicated, as well as the moves of the removal of material objects.

Preparatory measures to ensure fire safety

Measures designed to ensure fire safety as efficiently as possible include organizational actions, in particular.