Fire safety - a special system to prevent fire
Questions and answers
according to the GPN test
1. Fire safety is:
Answer: The state of protection of the individual, property, society and the state from fires.
2. The main elements of the fire safety system are:
Answer: 1) Organs state power and local governments, 2) Enterprises, 3) Citizens.
3. Which of the documents defines the general legal, economic and social foundations for ensuring fire safety in Russian Federation?
Answer: Federal law "On fire safety"
4. Which of the documents regulates relations between state authorities, local governments, enterprises, institutions, organizations in the field of fire safety?
5. The legislation of the Russian Federation on fire safety is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and includes…?
Answer: 1) Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation regulating fire safety issues, 2) The Federal Law "On Fire Safety", federal laws and other regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with it.
6. Fire regime is:
Answer: Rules of conduct for people, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintaining premises (territories), ensuring the prevention of violations of fire safety requirements and extinguishing fires.
7. What documents are related to fire safety regulations?
Answer: 1) Standards, 2) Norms and rules of fire safety, 3) Instructions on fire safety measures.
8. Is it allowed to reduce the fire safety requirements established by federal regulatory documents of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation?
Answer: 2) Not allowed.
9. Are regulatory documents on fire safety subject to registration and official publication?
Answer: Subject.
10. Which of the listed documents in the field of fire safety has the highest legal status?
Answer: Federal law "On fire safety".
11. In what year was the Federal Law "On Fire Safety" adopted?
Answer: In 1994.
12. Indicate what the basics of ensuring fire safety are determined by the Federal Law "On Fire Safety".
Answer: General social foundations.
13. What, in accordance with the Federal Law "On Fire Safety", is fire safety?
Answer: One of the most important functions of the state.
14. What types of fire protection is divided into?
Answer: 1) State fire service, 2) Departmental and voluntary fire protection, 3) Municipal and private fire protection.
15. What is included in the state fire service EMERCOM of Russia?
Answer: Federal Fire Service.
16. Specify the main tasks of fire protection in the field of fire safety.
Answer: Organization and implementation of fire prevention.
17. Which body is the highest governing body in the State fire service?
Answer: federal agency executive power authorized to solve problems in the field of support.
18. Who carries out GPN in the Russian Federation?
Answer: Officials of the GPN bodies.
Answer: No more than once every two years.
44. When can a planned control measure be carried out in relation to one legal entity belonging to small businesses?
Answer: Not earlier than three years after its state registration.
45. What is the subject of an unscheduled inspection?
Answer: Monitoring the implementation of instructions to eliminate the identified violations.
46. What types of control measures are provided for by the Federal Law “On the protection of the rights legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the implementation state control(supervision)"?
Answer: Planned control measures and unscheduled inspections.
47. In respect of how many legal entities and individual entrepreneurs-members of a self-regulatory organization are planned control measures carried out?
Answer: With respect to 10% of total number, but not less than two.
48. Who determines the members of the self-regulatory organization in respect of which a planned control measure is carried out?
Answer: State Fire Supervision Authority.
49. What control measures are not entitled to carry out the state inspector for fire supervision in the absence of officials or employees of audited legal entities or their representatives?
Answer: planned.
50. What document must be drawn up by a state fire inspector based on the results of a control measure?
Answer: An act of the established form.
51. In how many copies is an act drawn up based on the results of a control measure?
Answer: Two copies.
52. How is the Act drawn up as a result of a control measure handed over to the head of a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur?
Answer: It is handed over against receipt or sent by post with acknowledgment of receipt.
53. In what cases is an Act of the established form drawn up based on the results of a control measure?
Answer: According to the results of planned and unscheduled control measures.
54. What documents should a state fire inspector draw up if an administrative offender is identified as a result of a control measure?
Answer: An act, a protocol on an administrative offense, an order to eliminate the identified violations.
55. Who should keep a log of control activities?
Answer: Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
56. Who makes a record of a control event in the control log?
Get full textAnswer: State Fire Inspector.
57. In what document is a corresponding entry made about the absence of a register of control measures?
Answer: In the Act drawn up based on the results of control measures.
58. What is "technical regulation"?
Answer: Legal regulation of relations in the field of establishment, application and execution mandatory requirements.
59. Which document cannot be adopted by a technical regulation?
Answer: Legal act federal executive body.
60. For what purposes is a technical regulation adopted?
Answer: 1) Protection of the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, 2) Protection environment, life or health of animals and plants, 3) Prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.
61. What types technical regulations operate in the Russian Federation?
Answer: General and special.
62. Within what period from the date of entry into force of the law "On technical regulation» Should technical regulations be adopted?
Answer: Seven years.
79. Is administrative offense unauthorized blocking of passages to buildings and structures installed for fire trucks and equipment?
Answer: Is.
80. According to the Code of Administrative Offenses, the sale of products or the provision of services subject to mandatory certification in the field of fire safety, without a certificate of conformity entails:
81. According to the Code “On Administrative Offenses”, violation by citizens established rules fire safety in railway transport entails:
Get full textAnswer: Administrative penalty.
82. According to the Code "On Administrative Offenses", a knowingly false conclusion of an expert in the proceedings on an administrative offense entails:
Answer: Imposition of an administrative fine.
83. Intentional failure to comply with the lawful requirements of an interrogating officer or an official conducting proceedings on an administrative offense case shall entail:
Answer: Imposition of an administrative fine.
84. Is it possible to impose an administrative fine for disobedience to a lawful order or demand of an official of the body exercising state supervision?
Answer: Possibly.
85. Is it an administrative offense to carry out entrepreneurial activities in violation of the conditions stipulated by the license?
Answer: Is.
86. What does the implementation entail entrepreneurial activity citizens without a license, if a license is required?
Answer: An administrative fine with confiscation of manufactured products, production tools and raw materials.
87. Is the implementation of activities not related to the extraction of profit without a license, if the license is obligatory an administrative offense?
Answer: Is.
88. What Law governs the relations arising between consumers and manufacturers, contractors, sellers in the sale of goods (performance of works, provision of services), establishes the rights of consumers to purchase goods (works, services) of adequate quality and safe for the life and health of consumers, obtaining information about goods (works, services) and their manufacturers (performers, sellers), education, state and public protection of their interests, and also determines the mechanism for the implementation of these rights?
Answer: Law of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2001 "On the protection of consumer rights".
89. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 11, 2004 No. 000 “Issues of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences natural Disasters» one of the main tasks of the EMERCOM of Russia is:
Answer: implementation regulation in order to prevent, predict and mitigate the consequences of emergencies and fires, as well as the implementation of special, permitting, supervisory and control functions on issues within the competence of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
90. What document approved the list of executive authorities that carry out licensing?
Answer: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 11, 2002 No. 000.
91. What is the minimum period of time after obtaining a license that a scheduled inspection of a licensee can be carried out?
Answer: Six months.
92. How long from the date of receipt required documents should the licensing authority consider an application for a license?
Answer: 60 days.
93. What types of work are related to the production of installation, repair and maintenance of fire safety equipment for buildings and structures?
Answer: Carrying out fire protection of materials, products, structures.
94. What document approved the list of products subject to mandatory certification in the field of food security?
Answer: Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 01.01.2001 No. 000.
95. In what cases is an extraordinary certification of employees of the State Patrol Service carried out?
Answer: Upon appointment to a higher and lower position related to the organization and implementation of state fire supervision.
96. How often is the next attestation of GPN employees?
Answer: Once every 5 years.
97. The meeting of the attestation commission is considered competent if it is attended by at least:
Answer: Two-thirds of its members.
98. A state fire inspector undergoing attestation, who is a member of the attestation commission:
99. State fire supervision is:
Answer: A special type of state supervisory activity.
100. The state fire inspector is:
Answer: An official of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, endowed with appropriate powers.
101. Carrying out control measures at the facility is possible only on the basis of:
Answer: The presence of an appropriate order or order confirming the authority of the inspector of the State Patrol Service.
102. The order of the GPN body is:
Answer: Mandatory document.
103. Who makes the decision to suspend the operation of the facility?
Answer: The inspector of the State Patrol Service within the limits of his competence.
104. On the basis of what document can the work of an object be suspended?
Answer: Instructions of the GPN authority.
105. What violations of fire safety requirements are grounds for suspension of the operation of the facility?
Answer: Violations that directly pose a threat to fire and (or) people's safety.
106. Do officials have the right to be directly present during the implementation of control measures?
Get full textAnswer: They have.
107. Do representatives of a legal entity have the right to get acquainted with the results of control measures?
Answer: They have.
108. Do officials and representatives of a legal entity have the right to appeal against the actions (inaction) of officials of the GPN bodies?
Answer: They have.
109. Instructions for the organization and implementation of state fire supervision in the Russian Federation approved:
Answer: By order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 01.01.01 No. 000.
110. The procedure for interaction between the GPN bodies and other supervisory bodies is determined by:
Answer: Agreements concluded in the prescribed manner.
111. One of the main areas of state fire supervision is control over:
Answer: Compliance with fire safety requirements when accepting completed buildings and structures for operation.
112. State inspectors are obliged:
Answer: To fulfill the powers granted by the legislation of the Russian Federation to prevent, detect and suppress violations of mandatory requirements in the field of fire safety.
113. State inspectors are not required to:
Answer: Provide clarifications on issues not related to the subject of the audit.
114. State inspectors, in accordance with the powers granted to them in the prescribed manner, have the right to:
Answer: Carry out control measures at the objects of control (supervision) in order to verify compliance with fire safety requirements and suppress their violations.
115. What inspections are carried out in order to control the observance of mandatory fire safety requirements at the objects of control (supervision)?
Answer: planned.
116. What inspections are carried out in order to control the execution of orders to eliminate violations of mandatory fire safety requirements identified as a result of a scheduled inspection?
Answer: Unscheduled.
117. What documents are presented by the state inspector carrying out the inspection to the head or other official of the legal entity?
Answer: An order (order) of the head of the State Tax Inspectorate on carrying out control measures, or a copy of it, certified by the seal of the relevant State Tax Inspectorate, service certificate.
118. Can a state inspector conduct an inspection if he is not indicated in the order (order) on the inspection?
Answer: No.
119. The duration of the fire safety control measures in relation to one legal entity or individual entrepreneur should not exceed:
Answer: One month, in exceptional cases the term of the control measure can be extended, but not more than one month.
243. What notices (posters) should be hung out at the installation sites of the acetylene generator?
Answer: 1) "Entrance to strangers is prohibited - it is flammable", 2) "Do not smoke", 3) "Do not pass with fire."
244. Specify right ways delivery of gas cylinders to the place of welding.
Answer: 1) On special carts, 2) On a stretcher, 3) On a sled.
245. Cylinders installed indoors must be located from heat sources with open fire at a distance of at least:
Answer: 5 m.
246. Connect welding wires using:
Answer: 1) Crimping, 2) Welding and soldering, 3) Special clamps.
247. As a return conductor connecting the workpiece to be welded to the welding current source, the following can serve:
Answer: 1) Only steel or aluminum busbars of any profile, 2) Only welding plates, 3) Only racks and the welded structure itself, provided that their cross section ensures the safe flow of current under heating conditions.
248. Connection among themselves individual elements used as a return conductor must be done with:
Answer: Any of the above methods.
249. Storage of a stock of fuel at the site of gasoline and kerosene cutting operations is allowed in an amount not exceeding:
Answer: Interchangeable needs.
250. Fuel should be stored in a serviceable unbreakable tightly closed special container at a distance of at least:
Answer: 10 m from the place of hot work.
251. What is the frequency of tests of blowtorches for strength and tightness with the results and date of the test recorded in a special journal?
Answer: At least once a month.
252. What is the frequency of control hydraulic tests for blowtorches?
ПолуСЗить полный текст253. Who is responsible for ensuring fire safety?
Answer: 1) Owners of property, 2) Persons authorized to own, use or dispose of property, including heads of enterprises, 3) Persons duly appointed responsible for ensuring fire hazard.
254. For what purposes are voluntary fire units created at the enterprise?
Answer: 1) To monitor compliance with fire safety rules by workers and employees, 2) To monitor the serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment and fire notification, 3) To implement measures to eliminate violations of fire safety requirements.
255. What General requirements to ensure fire regime installed in every company?
Answer: 1) Appointment of those responsible for ensuring fire safety in the divisions of the facility, 2) Regulation of the duties of those responsible for ensuring fire safety, 3) Procedure fire fighting training working.
256. On what basis should fire safety instructions be developed?
Answer: 1) Fire safety rules, 2) Regulatory documents containing fire safety requirements, 3) Based on the specifics of the fire hazard of buildings and structures and fire hazard technological processes, technological and production equipment.
257. What should be reported when calling the fire brigade by phone?
Answer: 1) Address of the object, 2) Location of the fire, 3) Your last name.
258. What actions should be taken by an employee of the enterprise upon detection of a fire or signs of burning?
Answer: 1) Report to the fire brigade, 2) Take measures to evacuate people, 3) Take measures to extinguish the fire.
259. What should be done first of all when a fire or signs of burning are detected?
Answer: Notify the fire department.
260. What, upon the arrival of the fire department, does the head of the organization (or the person replacing him) inform the head of the fire extinguishing?
Answer: 1) About constructive and technological features object, 2) On the design and technological features of adjacent buildings and structures, 3) On the number and flammable properties stored and used substances, materials, products.
261. Smoke fire detector is:
Answer: A fire detector that reacts to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere.
262. Sprinkler installations should be designed for rooms with a height of not more than:
Answer: 20 m.
263. For foam fire extinguishing installations, it is necessary to provide:
Answer: 100% foam concentrate reserve.
264. One train fire alarm with fire detectors that do not have an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone, including:
Answer: Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of 300 square meters. m or less.
265. In each protected room, at least:
Answer: Two fire detectors.
266. Manual fire detectors should be installed on walls and structures at a height:
Answer: 1.5 m from ground or floor level
267. In parallel open laying, the distance from fire alarm wires and cables with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least:
Answer: 0.5 m.
268. By the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, power receivers automatic installations fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems should be attributed to:
269. Deluge sprinkler is:
Answer: Sprinkler with an open outlet.
270. Fire stations, depending on the purpose, the number of vehicles, the composition of the premises and their areas, are divided into:
Answer: types.
271. How many types of fire stations are divided depending on the purpose, the number of vehicles, the composition of the premises and their areas?
Answer: 5 types.
272. Power supply of fire stations I - IV types should be provided for:
273. In what way is the notification and management of the evacuation of people in case of fire not carried out?
Answer: Development and placement of evacuation plans.
274. The warning and evacuation control system (SOUE) is intended:
Answer: To inform people about the need and ways of evacuation.
275. Is it allowed to alert and manage the evacuation of people in case of fire by giving sound signals to all places of permanent or temporary stay of people?
Answer: Yes.
276. SOUE of the 4th type include:
277. SOUE should function:
Answer: Within the time required to complete the evacuation.
278. Why is a special sequence of notification of people in the building being developed?
Answer: To ensure the safe evacuation of people from the building.
279. Depending on what indicators NPB 105-03 establish the methodology for determining categories?
Answer: 1) On the amount of substances and materials, 2) On the fire and explosion hazardous properties of substances and materials, 3) On the features of the technological processes of the located industries.
Answer: A, B, C, D and D.
Answer: A, B, C1-C4, D and D.
282. Where are the requirements of the standards for outdoor installations taken into account?
Answer: 1) In construction projects, 2) In projects for reconstruction and technical re-equipment, 3) With changes in technological processes.
283. At what stage are the categories of premises and buildings of enterprises and institutions determined?
O Answer: At the design stage.
284. What is not covered by NPB 105-03?
Answer: 1) For premises and buildings for the production and storage of explosives (HE), means of initiating explosives, 2) For buildings and structures designed according to special norms and rules approved in the prescribed manner, 3) For outdoor installations designed according to special norms and rules approved in the prescribed manner, as well as for assessing the level of explosion hazard of outdoor installations.
285. Which category should include a room with a flammable liquid with a flash point of 25 ºС in such an amount that it can form an explosive vapor-gas-air mixture, upon ignition of which the calculated overpressure explosion in the room will be 5.5 kPa?
Answer: A.
286. The room with what substances and materials will be classified as G?
Answer: With non-combustible substances and materials in a hot, incandescent or molten state.
287. By what sequential verification of the belonging of the premises to the categories should the categories of premises be determined?
Answer: From highest (A) to lowest (D).
288. What value of specific temporary fire load corresponds to category B3?
Answer: 181 - 1400 MJ / sq. m.
289. Under what conditions does the building belong to category G?
Answer: 1) The total area of premises of categories A, B, C and D exceeds 5% of the total area of all premises, 2) The building does not belong to categories A, B or C.
290. Under what conditions does a building belong to category B?
Answer: 1) The total area of premises of categories A and B exceeds 5% of the total area of all premises, 2) The building does not belong to category A.
291. Under what conditions is it allowed not to classify a building as Category A?
Answer: The total area of category A premises in the building does not exceed 25% of the total area of all premises located in it (but not more than 1000 sq. m.).
292. Under what conditions is it allowed not to classify a building as category G?
Answer: The total area of premises of categories A, B, C and D in the building does not exceed 25% of the total area of all premises located in it (but not more than 5000 sq. m.).
293. By what sequential check of belonging of the room to the categories should the categories of outdoor installations be determined?
Answer: From the highest (An) to the lowest (Dn).
294. Under what conditions will the installation be classified as Vn?
Answer: It contains flammable and/or slow-burning liquids, solid combustible and/or slow-burning substances and/or materials.
295. Which category should be attributed outdoor installation in which flammable liquids with a flash point of 32ºС are processed, and the value of the individual risk in case of possible combustion of vapor-air mixtures with the formation of pressure waves exceeds 0.000001 per year at a distance of 30 m from the outdoor unit?
Answer: Bn.
296. Under what conditions will an installation be classified as Dn?
Answer: It contains mainly non-combustible substances and / or materials in a cold state.
297. Which category should include an outdoor installation in which flammable liquids are processed with a flash point of 25 ºС, and the individual risk in case of possible combustion of vapor-air mixtures with the formation of pressure waves exceeds 0.000001 per year at a distance of 30 m from the outdoor installation?
Answer: An.
298. How is it necessary to protect buildings of warehouses of category B in terms of fire hazard with storage on racks 5.5 m high or more?
Answer: Objects that are not related to state and municipal property are allowed to be equipped with AUPS without an AUPT device.
299. The cable structures of a municipally owned power plant must be protected without fail:
Answer: AUPT regardless of area.
300. Some objects that are not related to state and municipal property may be equipped with AUPS without an AUPT device. At the same time, the following facilities should be provided at these facilities:
Answer: The safety of the people in them and the threat of fire and its dangerous factors for other persons, which must be confirmed by appropriate calculations.
301. In what regulatory document is the methodology for assessing the level of ensuring the fire safety of people presented?
Answer: GOST 12.1.004-91*.
302. Do the requirements of NPB 111-98* apply to multi-fuel filling stations?
Answer: Spread.
303. Do the requirements of NPB 111-98* apply to mobile automobile gas filling stations?
Answer: Spread.
304. An automobile gas-filling compressor station is:
Answer: gas station, technological system which is intended only for filling cylinders fuel system trucks, special and passenger vehicles with compressed natural gas.
305. Is it allowed to place gas stations on boats?
Answer: Not allowed.
306. When placed on the territory of settlements, the total capacity of the containers of a container filling station should not exceed:
Answer: 40 cu. m.
307. At what level of filling of the tank should the overflow prevention systems signal the filling station personnel?
Answer: 90%.
308. For what time automatic systems prevent overfilling of tanks at 95% filling will stop filling the tank?
Answer: No more than 5 s.
309. All pipelines for fuel and its vapors located above the ground or in the free space of the mines of tanks and technological wells must be performed:
Answer: metal
310. The following are not used as signal colors:
Answer: Orange.
311. What signal color is used to designate escape routes and evacuation exits?
Answer: Green
312. What signal color should be used for the background of round signs that prescribe the performance of certain actions?
Answer: Blue.
313. What signal color should be used to indicate various kinds fire fighting equipment and its elements?
Answer: Red.
314. Signs to indicate evacuation exits from auditoriums and corridors without lighting should be:
Answer: Volumetric self-powered and AC power.
315. Do NPB 166-97 apply to non-rechargeable (disposable) fire extinguishers?
Answer: Not distributed.
316. What is the foam ratio?
Answer: The ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foam solution contained in the foam.
317. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a diffuser that creates a flow of OTV in the form of a gas jet should be used to extinguish fires of the class:
Answer: E.
318. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a diffuser that creates a jet of OTV in the form of snow flakes, as a rule, are used to extinguish fires of the class:
Answer: A.
319. What fire extinguishers should be used in those cases when fire extinguishing compositions that do not damage the protected equipment and objects are necessary for effective fire extinguishing? Answer: Freon fire extinguishers.
320. What fire extinguishers should not be used to extinguish fires of equipment under electrical voltage?
Answer: Air-foam.
321. Water fire extinguishers should be used to extinguish fires of the class:
Answer: A.
322. The fire departments of the enterprise must participate in training as part of the fire department garrison:
Answer: At least once a year.
323. The leadership of the fire department must be trained in advanced training courses at least:
Answer: Once every five years.
324. The following tasks are assigned to the fire protection of enterprises:
Answer: Organization of fire prevention and extinguishing.
325. The organization of fire extinguishing is regulated by:
Answer: The combat charter of the fire department.
326. The number and type of fire engines of the fire department of enterprises is determined in accordance with:
Answer: NPB 201-96.
327. The municipal fire service is organized by: Local self-government bodies.
328. The material and technical support of the municipal fire service is organized: Answer: local government.
329. Whether the division of municipal fire service should have the license for the organization and activity of fire protection?
Answer: Should.
330. What normative document defines the requirements for the composition and content of materials on the territory of the Russian Federation, the organization of development, consideration, approval, examination and approval of urban planning documentation?
Answer: SNiP.
331. When developing urban planning documentation, it is necessary to be guided by:
Answer: 1) the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, 2) Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, federal urban planning regulations and rules, 3) Regulatory and technical documents in the field of urban planning, state standards, federal special regulations and rules.
332. Urban planning documentation on the development of the territories of settlements includes:
Answer: 1) Projects for planning parts of the territories of settlements, 2) Projects for land surveying, 3) Projects for building blocks, microdistricts, and other elements of the planning structure of settlements.
333. Whether the town-planning documentation can be municipal level according to the Town-planning code of the Russian Federation?
Answer: Maybe.
334. Does the town-planning documentation of the level of the subject of the Russian Federation include territorial complex schemes of town-planning planning for the development of the territories of the republics?
Answer: Includes.
335. What systems of internal water pipes should be provided in buildings and constructions? Answer: 1) Household and drinking, 2) Fire fighting, 3) Industrial.
336. Whether it is allowed to unite systems of a fire-prevention water supply system with systems of economic-drinking or industrial water supply system?
Answer: Allowed.
337. The need for an internal fire water supply in residential buildings, number of jets and minimum flow water, l / s, per jet is determined by:
Answer: 1) The number of floors of the building, 2) The length of the corridor.
338. Requirements for the internal fire-fighting plumbing of the buildings of theaters, cinemas and clubs with stages are determined by:
Answer: 1) The functional purpose of the building, 2) The capacity of the auditorium, 3) The size of the stage.
339. The number of jets and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per jet for internal fire extinguishing of hostels, public and administrative buildings are determined by:
Answer: 1) The functional purpose of the building, 2) The number of floors of the building, 3) The volume of the building.
340. The number of jets and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per jet for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings is determined by:
Answer: 1) The degree of fire resistance of the building, 2) The category of the building for fire danger, 3) The volume of the building.
341. For parts of buildings of various heights or premises for various purposes, separated fire walls I and II types, water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken: Answer: According to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required.
342. In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of fire-fighting plumbing, fire risers should:
Answer: Loop on top.
343. Fire hydrants should be installed:
Answer: At a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the room and placed in lockers
344. Internal networks of fire-fighting water supply for each zone of a building of 17 floors or more must have:
Answer: Two fire nozzles brought out to the outside with a connecting head with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting the hoses of fire trucks installed in the building check valve and gate valves controlled from the outside.
345. In rooms equipped with installations automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire hydrants are allowed:
Answer: Place on the water sprinkler network after the control nodes.
346. Plastic pipes and fittings made of plastic materials should be used: Answer: For the unified network of fire-fighting water supply.
347. In multi-storey buildings for various purposes, the use plastic pipes for the internal sewerage system it is allowed:
Answer: Subject to certain conditions.
348. Is it allowed to connect industrial sewerage transporting wastewater containing flammable and flammable liquids to the domestic sewer network?
Answer: No.
349. Fire-fighting plumbing should be provided for:
Answer: V settlements depending on the number of inhabitants and the height of buildings, and objects depending on their class of functional fire hazard, volume and degree of fire resistance of buildings.
350. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in settlements should be taken depending on:
Answer: 1) The number of inhabitants in the settlement, 2) The estimated number of simultaneous fires, 3) The height of buildings.
351. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building requiring the highest water consumption, depending on:
Answer: 1) Categories of premises by fire hazard, 2) Volume of the building, 3) Degrees of fire resistance of the building.
352. In the plumbing high pressure stationary fire pumps must be equipped with devices that ensure that the pumps are started no later than after:
Answer: 5 minutes after the fire alarm was given.
353. Free pressure in the fire water supply network low pressure(at ground level) during fire extinguishing should be at least:
Answer: 10 m.
354. The free pressure in the high-pressure fire-fighting water supply network at the full flow of water for fire extinguishing and the location of the fire hose at the level of the highest point of the tallest building must ensure the height of the compact jet is not less than:
Answer: 10 m.
355. Centralized systems water supply according to the degree of availability of water supply are divided into:
Answer: On I, II and III categories.
356. Fire hydrants should be installed:
Answer: On the water line.
357. The arrangement of fire hydrants on the water supply network must ensure fire extinguishing of any building, structure or part of it served by the network for at least:
Answer: From two hydrants with a water flow rate for external fire extinguishing of 15 l / s or more, or one hydrant with a water flow rate of at least 15 l / s.
358. Fire hydrants should be placed from the condition of their service to buildings located within a radius of:
Answer: 200 m
359. The diameter of the pipes of the water supply, combined with the fire, in settlements and industrial enterprises must be at least:
Answer: 100 mm.
360. Fire distances between residential, public and auxiliary buildings industrial enterprises accepted depending on:
Answer: Degrees of fire resistance of buildings.
361. Minimum distances from residential, public and auxiliary buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance to industrial buildings and garages, at least:
Answer: 9 m
362. The minimum distances from residential, public and auxiliary buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance to industrial buildings coated with insulation made of polymeric or combustible materials should be taken at least:
Answer: 15 m.
363. Distance Between residential building and outbuildings(sheds, garages, bathhouses), as well as between outbuildings within the same land plot:
Answer: Not standardized.
364. Distances from the boundaries of building urban settlements to forest areas must be at least:
Answer: 50 m.
365. Distances from the building boundaries of rural settlements and plots of horticultural partnerships to forest areas must be at least:
Answer: 15 m.
366. The service radius of the fire station should not exceed:
Answer: 3 km.
Answer: Must be separate for each floor.
418. Staircases and elevator shafts of car parks should be provided with air overpressure in case of fire or the device on all floors of vestibule locks of the 1st type with air overpressure in case of fire:
Answer: 1) With two or more underground floors, 2) If stairwells and elevators connect the underground and above-ground parts of the car park, 3) If stairwells and elevators connect the car park with the above-ground floors of a building for another purpose.
419. SNiP "Natural and artificial lighting" apply to:
Answer: Designing lighting for sites of industrial and agricultural enterprises, railway tracks for sites of enterprises.
420. Emergency lighting is:
Answer: Lighting during non-working hours.
421. What lighting is divided into working, emergency, security and duty?
Answer: Artificial lighting.
422. What lighting is divided into side, top and combined (top and side)?
Answer: Daylight.
423. Application of what lamps in rooms is not allowed?
Answer: xenon lamps.
424. In built-in or attached premises public purpose not allowed to post:
Answer: 1) Stores building materials, 2) Shops with the presence of explosive substances and materials, 3) Consumer service enterprises that use flammable liquids (with the exception of hairdressers, watch and shoe repair shops).
425. Requirements for the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard are not imposed:
Answer: For buildings up to two stories high.
426. In houses with a height of 3 floors, the main structures must comply with the requirements for building structures:
Answer: III degree of fire resistance.
427. Whether heat generators on solid fuel are allowed in single-apartment houses?
Answer: Yes.
428. Houses with a height of 4 floors should be:
Answer: Not lower than the III degree of fire resistance of the constructive fire hazard class, not lower than C1.
429. Buildings and premises of what class of functional fire hazard are covered by SNiP "Industrial buildings"?
Answer: F 5.1
430. Does SNiP "Industrial buildings" apply to buildings and premises for the production and storage of explosives and explosives?
Answer: Does not apply.
431. Through what rooms it is not allowed to provide emergency exits?
Answer: through industrial premises in buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, constructive fire hazard class C2 and C3.
432. Escape routes from premises of categories C, D and D should not include sections passing through:
Answer: Tambour locks for rooms of category A and B.
433. What class of buildings and premises, according to functional fire hazard, are subject to SNiP " Warehouse buildings»?
Answer: F 5.2.
434. Do the requirements of SNiP "Warehouse buildings" apply to buildings and premises for the storage of dry mineral fertilizers?
Answer: Does not apply.
435. Multi-storey warehouse buildings of categories B and C should be designed with a width of no more than: Answer: 60 m.
436. Do the requirements of SNiP "Warehouse buildings" apply to buildings and premises for the storage of non-combustible gases in containers under a pressure of more than 70 kPa?
Answer: Does not apply.
437. SNiP "Public administrative buildings" apply: Answer: For research, design and engineering organizations.
438. SNiP "Public administrative buildings" apply: Answer: To offices (offices).
439. SNiP "Public administrative buildings" apply: Answer: For the design of buildings up to 50 m high functional fire hazard class F 4.3.
440. It is not allowed to provide for production and warehouses related to the categories:
Answer: A and B.
441. When designing public buildings for administrative purposes, the rules fire protection people and buildings contained in:
Answer: SNiP 21-01.
442. Distances between buildings and structures of industrial enterprises are taken depending on:
Answer: 1) Degrees of fire resistance, 2) Categories of production.
443. What radius of service by fire stations should be taken for enterprises with industries of categories A, B and C, occupying more than 50% of the entire building area?
Answer: 2 km.
444. What radius of service by fire stations should be taken for enterprises with industries of categories A, B and C, occupying up to 50% of the entire building area and enterprises with industries of categories G and D?
Answer: 4 km.
445. Which of the listed documents regulate the requirements for general plans of industrial enterprises?
Answer: SNiP II-89-80*.
446. Enterprises and industrial units should be located on the territory provided for by: Answer: 1) Scheme or project of the district planning, 2) Master plan of the city or other settlement, 3) Project planning of the industrial area.
449. Considering what should be provided functional zoning territories in the master plans of enterprises and industrial centers?
Answer: Taking into account technological links.
450. What natural features construction area should be taken into account in master plan enterprises?
Answer: 1) Air temperature, as well as the prevailing wind direction, 2) Possible changes in the existing regime of permafrost soils during the construction and operation of buildings and structures, 3) The possibility of large snow deposits due to the presence of hills or elevations of the relief on the leeward side of the planned development sites.
451. Distances between buildings and structures of agricultural enterprises are taken depending on:
Answer: Degrees of fire resistance.
452. Distances from buildings and structures of agricultural enterprises to the axis railway track the overall network depends on:
Answer: Degrees of fire resistance of buildings and structures.
453. Sites of agricultural enterprises larger than 5 hectares must have at least: Answer: Two entrances, the distance between which along the perimeter of the fence should be no more than 1500 m.
454. In accordance with the PUE, wet rooms are considered rooms with humidity:
Answer: 60-75%.
455. With regard to the risk of injury to people electric shock The rooms are divided into: Answer: 1) Premises without increased danger, 2) Premises with increased danger, 3) Premises especially dangerous.
456. With regard to ensuring the reliability of power supply, power receivers are divided into: Answer: Three categories.
457. In accordance with the PUE, electrical installations are divided into:
Answer: Open (external), closed (internal).
458. In accordance with the PUE, hot rooms are rooms with a temperature of more than:
Answer: 35 ºС.
459. The territories of open electrical installations in relation to the danger of electric shock to people are equated
Answer: To especially dangerous premises.
460. In accordance with RD 34.21.12287, buildings and structures are divided into:
Answer: To category III.
462. What does not apply to the elements of a lightning rod?
Answer: Nullifier.
463. According to RD 34.21.122-87, what category are industrial premises in which explosive concentrations of gases, vapors, dusts, fibers can be and form under normal technological conditions?
Answer: I.
464. According to RD 34.21.122-87, what category are industrial buildings and structures in which the appearance of an explosive concentration occurs as a result of a violation of the normal technological regime?:
Answer: II.
Answer: III.
466. For what purposes do state fire inspectors carry out activities to verify fire safety requirements?
Answer: In order to ensure fire safety.
467. What is the main task of the state fire supervision?
Answer: 1) Protecting the life and health of citizens and their property from fires, 2) Protecting state and municipal property from fires and limiting their consequences, 3) Protecting property of organizations from fires and limiting their consequences.
468. What bodies concern the state fire supervision?
Answer: Inspections of the state fire supervision of the divisions of the federal fire service.
469. On what activity of the state fire supervision is based?
Answer: Based on the subordination of lower state fire supervision authorities to higher ones.
470. What are the bodies of state fire supervision guided by in their activities?
Answer: 1) The Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws, 2) Regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 3) Regulations on state fire supervision.
471. What bodies of the state fire supervision carry out in the activity?
Answer: 1) Supervision of compliance with fire safety requirements, 2) Official static accounting and state static reporting on fires and their consequences, 3) Interaction with federal executive authorities on fire safety issues.
472. Who is entitled to carry out activities on behalf of the state fire supervision authorities?
Answer: 1) State fire supervision inspectors, 2) Chief state fire supervision inspectors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 3) State fire supervision inspectors of closed administrative-territorial formations.
473. Who has the right to participate with a voting right in the work of commissions for the selection of sites (routes) for construction, as well as commissions for the acceptance of completed construction (reconstruction) objects?
Answer: 1) State inspectors of cities (districts) of constituent entities of the Russian Federation for fire supervision, 2) State inspectors of closed administrative-territorial formations for fire supervision.
474. What are state inspectors of cities (districts) of subjects of the Russian Federation entitled to?
Answer:
475. Whether the state inspectors of the closed administrative-territorial formations on fire supervision have the right to carry out surveys of premises of the organizations in non-working hours?
Answer: Right.
476. Are state inspectors of cities (districts) of subjects of the Russian Federation on fire supervision entitled to conduct surveys of the premises of organizations during non-working hours?
Answer: Right.
477. What are state inspectors of closed administrative-territorial formations on fire supervision entitled to?
Answer: 1) Require the submission of documents, information, samples (samples) of products, if they relate to the subject of verification, 2) Carry out state fire supervision for compliance with fire safety requirements, 3) Conduct surveys and inspections of the territories of buildings, structures, premises of organizations, in order to control compliance with fire safety requirements.
478. Who has the right to call citizens to the state fire supervision bodies in connection with cases and materials on fires that are in progress and receive from them the necessary explanations, certificates, documents?
Answer: State inspectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for fire supervision.
479. What are the duties of officials of state fire supervision bodies?
Answer: 1) To acquaint the heads of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs or their representatives with the results of control measures, 2) To prove the legality of their actions when they are appealed in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, 3) To observe commercial and other secrets protected by law.
480. Whom are the officials of the state fire supervision bodies obliged to acquaint with the results of control measures?
Answer: 1) Heads of legal entities, 2) Representatives of legal entities, 3) Entrepreneurs.
481. Are officials of the state fire supervision bodies obliged to carry out explanatory work on the application of the legislation of the Russian Federation on fire safety in the course of control measures?
Answer: Required.
482. Can officials of state fire supervision bodies prevent representatives of organizations from being present during control measures?
Answer: They cannot.
483. What officials of the state fire supervision should present when visiting objects for the purpose of carrying out control measures?
Answer: 1) Service certificate, 2) Order of the state fire supervision authority to carry out control measures.
484. Are officials of state fire supervision bodies obliged to acquaint representatives of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs with the results of control measures?
Answer: Yes.
485. What citizens can be endowed with the rights and duties of the state inspectors on fire supervision?
Answer: 1) Having a higher or secondary specialized education, 2) Serving in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, 3) Certified for compliance qualification requirements established by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.
486. Does the Regulation on State Fire Supervision extend to the procedure for exercising control (supervision) over compliance with fire safety requirements in forests that are not included in the forest fund of the Russian Federation?
Answer: No.
487. Does the structural subdivision of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, whose sphere includes the organization and implementation of state fire supervision, belong to the state fire supervision bodies?
Answer: Applies.
488. Do state inspectors of closed administrative-territorial formations for fire supervision have the right to draw up protocols and consider cases of administrative offenses?
Answer: Right.
489. Are state inspectors of cities (districts) of subjects of the Russian Federation on fire supervision entitled to demand information that is not related to the subject of verification?
Answer: Not right.
490. Are state inspectors of closed administrative-territorial formations for fire supervision entitled to demand samples of products that are not related to the subject of inspection? Answer: Not right.
Fire safety system - a set of forces and means, as well as legal, organizational, economic, social, scientific and technical measures aimed at fighting fires.
The main elements of the fire safety system are state authorities, local governments, enterprises, citizens involved in ensuring civil safety in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The main functions of the fire safety system:
- normative legal regulation"and the implementation of state measures in the field of fire safety;
- the creation of a fire department and the organization of its activities;
- development and implementation of fire safety measures;
- implementation of state fire supervision and other control functions to ensure fire safety;
- production of fire-technical products, performance of works and provision of services in the field of fire safety;
- extinguishing fires and conducting related emergency rescue operations;
- scientific and technical support of fire safety.
Implementation of most of listed functions fire safety systems are entrusted to the fire department. In Russia, the fire brigade is subdivided into the State Fire Service, departmental fire brigade, and voluntary fire brigade.
The State Fire Service is the main type of fire protection and is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation as a single independent operational service. At the federal level, it includes the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service, fire-technical research institutions and fire-technical educational institutions.
At the level of subjects of the federation, incl. and in the Amur Region, the State Fire Service is represented by the Department of the State Fire Service as part of the Regional Internal Affairs Directorate and subordinate divisions (detachments, units) of the fire department that protect cities, regional centers, large populated areas and especially important objects of the region. The Law of the Russian Federation "On Fire Safety" entrusts the officials of the listed management bodies and divisions of the State Fire Service with the obligation to carry out the State Fire Supervision - a special type of state supervisory activity in order to monitor compliance with fire safety requirements and suppress their violations.
Departmental fire protection is created Federal authorities executive authorities and enterprises to ensure the fire safety of air, sea, river and railway Vehicle, objects of the armed forces and a number of other departments.
Voluntary fire protection is a form of participation of citizens in the organization of fire prevention and extinguishing in settlements and enterprises.
Volunteer firefighter - a citizen who directly participates on a voluntary basis (without an opinion employment contract) in the activities of fire departments to prevent and extinguish fires. Volunteer fire brigades or teams can be created at enterprises and settlements, and teams of young firefighters can be created at schools.
In order to coordinate and improve work to ensure fire safety in the Russian Federation, a government commission on fire safety is being created. The relevant commissions are created by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Often in everyday life there are situations that have significant devastating consequences. One of the most common emergencies is a fire. It is the uncontrolled burning of something outside the source of ignition. Fires can spread both in time and space. In connection with the emergence of uncontrolled situations, it is quite natural to solve the problem of reducing the likelihood of fires or preventing them altogether. What is fire safety? This is the state of an object on which, with the help of special means the possibility of a fire, as well as the spread of its dangerous effects on people and property, is excluded.
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System fire safety installed in any premises of each form of ownership. It is designed to ensure that there is no possibility of ignition. In the event of such a focus, the system will allow it to be localized and eliminate the consequences. It is generally accepted to single out several factors that affect the formation of an ignition source: a spark, a flame; elevated room temperature, the presence of flammable materials or toxic products, smoke, reduced oxygen concentration in the air.
What are the causes of a fire?
The causes of fires can be varied: from the usual negligence of responsible persons to violation of legal fire safety requirements. The most common sources of ignition are:
- Malfunction of installed security and fire alarms;
- Lack or malfunction of fire safety warning systems for persons;
- Improper condition of emergency exits;
- Late identification of the presence of an ignition source;
- Untimely notification of the Ministry of Emergency Situations about the occurrence of a fire or its remote location from the source of ignition;
- The impossibility of carrying out a complete evacuation.
Practice shows that most often the causes of a fire are violations of the requirements of regulatory legal acts on fire protection. For example:
- Malfunction or complete absence of a fire alarm, fire alarm system;
- The presence of metal bars on the windows;
- Use of electrical appliances in violation of fire regulations;
- Improper processing or lack of special fire impregnation of wooden structures;
- Lack, malfunction or incomplete set of primary means of self-defense and fire extinguishing;
- Non-compliance of emergency exits with established requirements;
- Lack of water supply (internal and external fire hydrants);
- Lack of necessary means of individual self-defense (primarily respiratory organs).
The main aspects of the organization of fire fighting at the facility
Fire safety information can be found in normative documents. This includes protection methods, system configuration, evacuation procedures, etc. Today, fire protection is one of the priority areas in ensuring the safety of an enterprise or a private house.
At objects with a large crowd of people or at workplaces, the presence of such protective systems necessarily. You can install a protective line in the house at the discretion of the owner.
On the video - a film dedicated to fire safety:
When deciding on the issue of fire safety, it is necessary to take into account the presence of mandatory points:
- Strict observance of all prescriptions of regulatory legal acts;
- Regular implementation of fire protection measures;
- When installing the system, compliance with GOST is mandatory;
- Availability of special fire extinguishing equipment at the facility;
- Systematic conduct of planned classes for emergency evacuation of people from the premises;
- Checking fire extinguishers and replacing them in case of expiration or malfunction;
- Installation possible ways protection for power supply systems;
- Periodic check and maintenance of the working condition of evacuation and emergency exits;
- Checking attic and basements and bringing them into line with fire safety regulations, etc.
Comprehensive composition of the fire defense system
Fire safety requirements, first of all, should establish an appropriate level of protection for people and inventory. Any object must be equipped with protective subsystems to prevent the occurrence of a fire. State standards everything about the requirements and levels of such systems is established. The fire level should not be less than 0.999999 warning of the influence of hazardous factors per year. This figure is calculated for each person individually.
The permissible level of danger should not exceed 10 impacts of such factors. This calculation is also made per person per year.
The fire safety regulation is regulated federal law No. 69-FZ of December 21, 1994 This legislative act is designed to regulate the economic, legal and social basis for providing protection against fires. The system for ensuring such safety is a set of special means, forces and measures of influence of a different nature (legal, technical organizational) for fighting fires.
The main elements of the fire safety system are:
- Government departments;
- Local self-government bodies;
- Enterprises, institutions, organizations and persons involved in fire safety.
The main functions of the fire protection system are:
- Implementation and regulation of state measures in the field of fire protection;
- Creation of fire protection services and organization of their activities;
- Development and compliance with a set of measures on fire safety;
- Implementation of rights and obligations, as well as holding accountable persons responsible for fire protection;
- Carrying out measures to prevent the occurrence of fires;
- Carrying out training activities for the population on safety measures in case of fire;
- Providing assistance and assistance in the work of volunteer associations of fire protection;
- Involvement of the population in ensuring safety and in exercising control over compliance with safety regulations;
- Scientific, technical and information support for the implementation of the regulation on fire safety;
- Performing state supervision and other control functions to ensure protection in this area;
- Production of special technical products;
- Performance installation work and services for the maintenance of fire protection systems;
- Issuance of a license for such type of activity;
- Issuance of certificates for fire-fighting products;
- Life and property insurance in case of fire;
- Extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations;
- Keeping records of such events and their consequences;
- Establishment and observance of a special fire regime.
Symbols coordinating human actions in case of fire
Indicative signs for ensuring rescue from a fire play an important role. They allow you to regulate the behavior of subjects in the event of a flame, indicate the location of individual special equipment, warning systems. Symbols indicate the performance of specific actions or their prohibition in emergency situations. Such signs are classified in four areas:
- warning;
- Forbidding;
- prescriptive;
- Pointing.
To display pointers use geometric figures(triangles, rectangles and circles), signal and contrast colors (elements, backgrounds, graphic symbols). Signal colors are red, green, yellow, blue. Contrasts are white and black.
All conventions of the image of signs are prescribed by GOST R 12.4.026.
Fire warning signs warn of the possibility of fire emergency. They attract attention, concentrate caution. Depicted in the form of an equilateral triangle, apex up. The background color is yellow, the outline is black.
The colors of the prohibition indicate a mandatory refrain from performing any action. This is necessary to avoid danger. Such graphic elements are displayed in the form of a circle. At an angle of 45º from left to right, the circle is crossed out. The outline of the symbol and the strikethrough line are red, the background is white. All elements are shown in black.
Prescription signs indicate requirements for specific actions to be taken in an emergency. They are depicted in the form of a circle without a colored outline. The background of the circle is blue and all elements are drawn in white.
Signs with indication content are a kind of landmarks. They allow you to determine the path to the emergency exit or find the location of fire extinguishing equipment. Shown as a rectangle. Depending on the specific sign, it may have the shape of a square. These signs may be green, blue or red. The pointing symbol is white.
All pointers can be used together with each other. An explanatory inscription may be included with them. Depending on the material from which it is made symbol allocate:
- Photoluminescent (glow in the dark after the disappearance of natural or artificial lighting);
- Perceived only when a light source hits them;
- Reflective (perceived when the direction of the light source or in the presence of a source of general illumination).
Ensuring the protection of the home from fire
Recently, fire safety systems for the home have been widely used. The presence of such protective schemes allows you to warn the owners in time about the presence of a fire, which entails timely evacuation and safety of property. The fire protection system includes the main elements:
- Sensors (allow you to timely send a signal to a special remote control about the occurrence of a flame in the room);
- Power supply (will ensure the functioning of the system uninterrupted in the event of a power outage);
- Indication block (computer recording all occurring events);
- Control and management panel (checks and analyzes the operation of the system as a whole and each element separately). If necessary, the automatic launch of the fire extinguishing subsystem is carried out.
Home security is one of the first places in matters of protection. Experts can answer key questions in this area. There are companies that sell and install fire alarms. There are the following types of home fire subsystems:
- Threshold. It is impossible to establish the specific location of the outbreak, but with the slightest increase temperature regime the sensor is triggered above the norm;
- Address. The principle of operation is similar to the threshold subsystem. The difference is the possibility of establishing the place of ignition;
- Address-analogue. The elements of the fire safety system are integrated and interconnected, and can also perform a number of functions, including control over the operation of all sensors, analysis of the system in all respects, changing the temperature threshold, processing the received data using the central control panel.
Everything to ensure safety from a fire in a dwelling largely depends on installed sensors. There are the following types of such devices:
- Smoke. The signal is given in the presence of smoke. The disadvantage is the possibility of triggering a "false alarm" due to a sensitive reaction to dust or cigarette smoke;
- Thermal. They are triggered when the limiting norm of the thermal threshold is exceeded. As a rule, the thermal threshold is set no more than 70º. There are some varieties that work with a sharp change in temperature;
- Fire detector.
42. Legal basis fire safety. Basic concepts and definitions.
Fire- uncontrolled burning causing harm. fire protection- these are systems of controls and means designed to prevent and extinguish a fire. fire protection is divided into: 1) state fire service 2) departmental fire brigade 3) voluntary fire brigade 4) fire brigade association. One of the main functions of the state fire service is the state fire supervision. In fire safety, two groups of measures are distinguished: prevention and extinguishing of fires. Fire safety solves 4 main tasks: 1. prevention 2. localization and reduction of damage 3. protection of people and property 4 fire extinguishing.
Preventive measures include those implemented at the design stage and provided for by laws and regulations.
43. Classification of industries, premises, buildings by categories of fire and explosion hazard.
NPB 105-03-fire safety standards. Category A - explosive and fire hazardous, character: combustible gases (GG), distillate with t<28 ,Ризб<5кПа. Категория Б-взрывопожароопасное, хар-ся: горючие пыли,волокна ЛВЗ с t>28 , Pg > 5kPa. Category B1-B4-flammable, characteristics: flammable liquids, solid combustible and slow-burning substances and materials. Category G har-Xia: non-combustible things and materials in a hot and atomized state. Category Ghar-Xia: the same but in a cold state.
44. Primary fire fighting equipment.
To extinguish a fire in the primary stage, fire extinguishers of the type are used: 1) water (OV) 2) air-foam (OVP) 3) powder (OP) 4) gas (OU) 5) freon (OH) 6) carbon dioxide (OU) if the fire extinguisher weighs more than 15 kg, then they hang it at 1m, if less than 1.5m. ShchP-shield fireman. ShchP (A, B, C, D, E) - according to class A - these are solid combustible materials mainly of organic origin (paper, wood, textiles) - all types of extinguishing, but primarily water. B-flammable liquids (gasoline, varnishes, oils) - sprayed water, all types of foams, powders. C-flammable gases (propa, butane) - gas compositions that include inert agents, powders, cooling water. D-metals and powder alloys. E-electric installations under voltage - carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
45. Automatic means of detecting and extinguishing a fire. Organization of the fire department.
An automatic fire alarm system (APS) is needed to detect a fire in the initial stage and alert the fire department, as well as to give a command to turn on emergency ventilation and smoke removal (APS-automatic fire extinguishing devices) The APS consists of: fire detectors, a communication line, receiving stations , detectors are manual and automatic. Apply SPRINKLER they incl. automatically under the action of fire t (t=72,93,141,182). Drencher are switched on manually or by a signal from an automatic detector, S irrigation 6-12 m.
Organization of fire protection at facilities fire-technical commissions and voluntary fire brigades (VFD) can be created, as well as freelance fire inspectors can be appointed. Enrollment of DPD is carried out on application. The DPL is responsible for: monitoring the implementation of fire safety rules at the facility. Fire protection is carried out in accordance with NPB 201-96 (fire safety standards.
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