Viola ampelnaya: growing from seeds. Viola: growing from seed to give

The beautiful garden flower viola or pansy belongs to the violet family. Despite the fact that the tropical part of Africa and Australia is considered the birthplace of this crop, this plant also feels good in our country.

On the this moment 400 varieties of garden violets are known, but only a few of them have gained popularity among gardeners.

Viola Wittrock (viola wittrockiana)

Vittorka is especially popular among domestic flower growers. This plant is considered a hybrid, it was obtained as a result of interspecific crossing of a tricolor, horned, yellow and horned violet.

The considered culture differs from the rest in a branching low bush up to 30 centimeters in height. The leaves are round-oval in shape with teeth on the edges. The inflorescences are irregular up to 11 centimeters in diameter. The petals are often veined, sometimes spotted or streaked.

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, gardeners were able to grow ampelous Vittorka with elongated lashes up to 40 centimeters in length. The stems are dotted with many flowers up to 5 centimeters in diameter. Ampel crops are grown mainly in hanging baskets or plastic pots. One such groundcover able to intercept a garden plot of about 60 centimeters in diameter.

Vittorka is a biennial plant, but if sown early, it can form inflorescences in the same year. In the case of planting in autumn, it blooms in the second year.

Swiss giants

These are quite large plants with huge flowers for pansies. Their diameter can reach up to 8 centimeters. The color of this variety is multi-colored, bright.

Rocco

It differs from its relatives in unique corrugated petals, the diameter of the inflorescence is about 6 centimeters. Flower petals often have dark spots or streaks.

Vittorka Bambini

Another variety of Viettorka Bambini violet is able to form many flowers during the growing season. Inflorescences of the most diverse colors: beige, purple and even blue. The diameter of an individual flower is up to 6 centimeters.

Majestic Jans

The Majestic Jahns hybrid has become famous among gardeners due to its large flowers, their diameter can reach up to 9 centimeters. In the central part of such a plant is usually present dark spot bow-like.

Viola horned (viola cornuta), or viola ampelous

This perennial culture does not lose its decorative effect, but its winter hardiness will depend on the variety used. Most plants overwinter without problems, but hybrids may die with prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Viola horned inflorescences are relatively small, their diameter does not exceed 5 centimeters. The petals are blue, purple or lilac, in the center of the flower there is a yellow eye.

rich color scheme have horned viola hybrids. Flowers can be red, orange, yellow and even white.

The species in question can be used as an indoor crop, or a plant for open ground. Pansies can often decorate flower beds or borders. When growing this flower, it must be taken into account that it can pollinate with its relatives and give numerous hybrids that do not retain the qualities of the original plant.

Arkwright Ruby

The large-flowered variety differs from the rest in the bright red color of the petals, the central part of the inflorescence is a standard yellow color. The special beauty of this garden violet is given by spots on the petals.

Belmond Blue

Viola with climbing bushes, has beautiful blue flowers. The culture in question can be grown in hanging baskets or containers on a balcony or loggia.

Purple duet

Differs in a special structure of inflorescences. Two of its petals are burgundy at the top, the other three are dark pink.

Hansa

A variety with low climbing bushes has small blue inflorescences with purple tint.

Horned viola is characterized by a long flowering period, inflorescences are formed from mid-spring to the first serious frost. Such plants are propagated by seeds, division of an adult bush or cuttings. It is best to grow this variety from seedlings.

Fragrant Viola (viola odorata)

Fragrant violet differs from other varieties in its rich pleasant aroma, therefore, raw materials taken from this culture are used to make cosmetics and perfumes. The fragrant viola bush is small, up to 15 centimeters in height. The leaves of the plant are rounded with characteristic notches on the edges. The inflorescences are small, up to 2 centimeters in diameter, located on thin and long stems.

Flowering of this type of pansy is observed in spring or late summer. Inflorescence petals can be purple, red, pink, in wild relatives - white, blue, purple. For its wonderful aroma and high decorative qualities, fragrant violet is grown in flower beds, alpine slides, near borders, as well as in hanging baskets on balconies.

Caesar

A low variety has small beautiful purple inflorescences. Produces an intense pleasant aroma.

Rosina

Rosina variety has pink petals. Inside the inflorescence there is a dark pink spot.

Red Charm

The variety of fragrant viola Red Charm pleases the eye of gardeners with large red flowers.

La France

La France has simple flowers, small inflorescences of a purple hue.

Viola moth, or klobuchkovy

Moth violet grows up to 22 centimeters in height. The plant has single large inflorescences with speckled petals. Klobuchkovy viola is considered a swamp culture, it has a fairly developed root that is not afraid of a humid environment.

The most popular varieties of clobuche viola are:

Freckles

Unpretentious care variety Freckles blooms in spring, has large white inflorescences. The petals of this culture are covered with numerous purple dots.

Royal Robe

It is considered a compact flower, has a pleasant smell. The color of the inflorescences of this culture can vary from violet-blue to purple. The petals have black or yellow thin strokes.

Red Giant

The variety has large red inflorescences with a purple hue. The culture is characterized by a long flowering period. Its inflorescences hold thin and long stems.

Ruba

Klobuchkovy viola of the Ruba variety differs from the rest in the red-ruby color of the petals. The height of this plant does not exceed 15 centimeters.

Growing viola from seeds

In practice, two methods of growing violets from seeds are used: sowing seeds immediately in open ground or pre-growing seedlings. The latter method is considered more effective, because when using it, you can get flowering plants in the current year.

When to plant viola seedlings

To obtain high-quality planting material, seedlings should be sown from the last decade of February or March. It is not advisable to carry out such events after the middle of spring, because seeds are sown in open ground in the last decade of April or early May.

Sowing viola for seedlings

Pre-prepared and calibrated seeds can be sown in any container, such as plastic cups, cassettes, cut plastic bottles or food packaging. For the preparation of the nutrient mixture, components such as garden soil, humus and peat are used. All components are taken in equal proportions and thoroughly mixed.

When using the traditional sowing method, shallow furrows are made in the nutrient substrate with a pencil, about 3-5 millimeters, the distance between rows is about 1 centimeter. Next, the grains are placed in the recesses made every 2 centimeters and sprinkled with soil. Now you need to water the crops with water and cover the container with a transparent film. After that, the containers are placed in a warm room with temperature regime 20 - 25 degrees.

To prevent the appearance of mold in the planting soil, it is necessary to ventilate at least twice a day.

Seedling Care

The first sprouts of pansies usually appear 7-10 days after sowing. A later term for spitting seeds occurs in the following cases:

• use of old planting material;
• in case of backfilling seeds with a thick layer of soil;
• when using a nutrient substrate of the wrong composition, for example, clay soil.

After germination, the plants should be on a well-lit windowsill. AT spring period pansies are not afraid of the direct rays of the sun, so containers with seedlings can be placed even in the southern part of the apartment. After germination, the violet has fairly strong stems, but this does not mean that you need to immediately remove the film from the container. In the first days, plants are aired at intervals of 2 times a day for 20-30 minutes. In the future, the duration of ventilation is increased, but the shelter is removed only after a week.

Garden violet has certain indicators of frost resistance. Her seedlings can withstand temperatures down to -10 degrees and this applies to young sprouts. In the presence of stable warm weather, the strengthened seedlings must be taken out to the balcony or open air.

Viola needs good watering, but soil moisture must be carried out as the top layer dries. For such events, it is worth using rain or melt water. It is desirable to defend the usual tap liquid for 2-3 days. Plants are afraid of waterlogging, because a high concentration of water in the soil can cause rotting of the flower roots.

Viola pick

It is necessary to transplant young plants into new containers when the first two true leaves are formed. Pansies are not afraid of transplantation, they take root in a new nutrient substrate even with minor damage to the root system, which sometimes happens when a plant is removed from a container. Such violas slow down a little in development, but this does not affect the overall performance.

With a lack of lighting or cramped space on the windowsill, violet seedlings can stretch. To get quality healthy flower such cultures, when dived into a new container, are buried to the cotyledons, which will make it possible to obtain additional roots on the underground part of the stem.

Young violas develop rapidly after picking, in a month they are ready for transplanting to permanent place into open ground.

Pinching

Such an event as pinching the stem allows you to achieve better tillering of the crop. Similar events are held after the appearance of 5-6 of this sheet.

When to plant viola seedlings

Planting a garden violet in a permanent place depends on the climatic characteristics of a particular region. Such actions should be carried out with the onset of stable warm weather in the last decade of April or in early May. For planting a flower, a well-lit area is allocated.

After digging the soil, chopped charcoal of an average fraction of 200 grams and the same amount of humus are added to each planting hole. Viola develops well in soils consisting of peat, humus and soddy soil in equal proportions with the addition of half a part of sand.

How to plant viola seedlings

During transplantation to a permanent place, prepared seedlings are placed on the site every 15-20 centimeters. Cultures are buried in pre-dug holes and covered with soil. Next, the earth is compacted around the bushes and the plants are watered with warm water. When growing garden violets, it is necessary to separate bushes in plantations every three years. If such events are not carried out, then the culture will grow intensively, and its flowers will become small and lose their decorative effect. For rapid reproduction of the flower, the cutting method is used.

Viola: growing from seeds in the open field

Not every gardener will want to grow pansy seedlings, as this is a rather troublesome task. In this regard, many flower growers sow seeds directly into the ground. Such operations should be carried out at the end of May or at the beginning of June. In this case, the flowering of violets will begin at the end of summer or in September. To obtain flowering culture on next year, in early spring, sowing seeds must be carried out in August.

Flower seeds are sown in a previously prepared area in shallow furrows in several pieces. The distance between the nests should correspond to the arrangement of plants in the flower bed, this is 15-20 centimeters. When using old or damaged seed, increase the sowing density. With this method, excess crops can be transplanted to other places.

After sowing the seeds, it is necessary to shed the earth with warm water and wait for the emergence of seedlings.

Proper Viola Care

basis proper cultivation pansies on garden plot It is considered to maintain the soil in a loose and moist state, the removal of weeds. Another nuance of care is the removal of wilted inflorescences or formed seed pods. Timely implementation of such actions allows you to prolong the flowering of the culture.

Watering and fertilizing

Periodic watering is considered the basis for the intensive growth of the viola. This is due to the fact that the root system of the culture has a surface laying, it is located at a depth of up to 20 centimeters. The soil on the site is moistened as needed with a persistent drought.

Watering must be carried out in evening time using sun-warmed water.

During its development, the flower sucks nutrients from the soil. To replenish useful components in the ground, it is necessary to carry out top dressing every 3-4 weeks. For every square meter usable area scatter 25 grams of superphosphate and bury the granules into the ground. After that, the plants are watered.

Viola after flowering

When flowering worsens, as well as in cases where new buds are almost not formed or are formed weakly, it is necessary to prune crops to a height of 9-12 centimeters from the ground. Violas are fed and watered with warm water, which will promote the growth of shoots and re-bloom.

Regularly pluck dried inflorescences and trim the shoots, this will help rejuvenate the bush.

If the pansies have faded and completely stopped their development, it is necessary to collect the seeds and prepare the plant for wintering.

How and when to collect viola seeds

The period of collection of viola seed material occurs at the end of summer or autumn. After withering of the inflorescences, boxes with fruits are formed on the crops. The main sign of their maturity is the drying of the shells. After turning up, the boxes are cut off and the seeds are removed. Next, the grains are dried in a ventilated room, placed in a cloth bag and placed in a refrigerator.

If you do not collect the seed material, the grains fall to the ground on their own and germinate when favorable conditions. In this case, violet seedlings can be seen already in autumn or early spring.

Viola in winter

So that the perennial plant can winter painlessly, it is covered with fallen leaves. fruit trees or pawpaw. With the advent of spring, such a mound is raked a little, which will prevent the process of aging of the stems. The overwintered culture will be able to form the first inflorescences already in the middle of spring, when crocuses bloom.

Garden violets that develop in a greenhouse overwinter differently:

Plants are removed from pots and transplanted into open ground at the end of summer. Before the first frost, the culture will be able to get used to the new conditions. Approximately 20 days before the expected cold snap, inflorescences and extra shoots are cut off from the viola. After that, they are covered with fallen leaves or a thick layer of spruce branches.

Another option for winter greenhouse plants involves moving the pots to a cool room with a temperature of 8-12 degrees, for example, to a veranda or insulated loggia. In such conditions, the bushes are stored until spring. When warm weather comes, the mother bush is divided into cuttings and new plants are obtained.

Viola pests and diseases

The most common diseases of pansies are:

1. rotting of the root system;
2. late blight;
3. powdery mildew.

Root rot occurs as a result of excessive watering of the soil or when the crop is kept in a cold room. To prevent the further development of this disease, an urgent transplant of a flower into a new loose soil will help. If such a measure does not help, it is necessary to cut off the root of the viola and put the stem in water, cover the top of the plant with a plastic bag. After the appearance of the first roots, the culture is transplanted into a new soil.

Fusarium wilt or late blight enters the plant cells through damaged areas. This disease occurs with high humidity, provokes browning and rotting of the stems, leaf fall. The main control measure is considered to be transplanting the viola into a new pot, along with this, the root system of the culture is pruned.

Another dangerous disease is powdery mildew. The disease occurs mainly in the spring under the influence of low temperatures and high air humidity. Powdery mildew appears on violet leaves in the form white coating. Further, shallow ulcers appear on the affected areas, the spread of which leads to the death of the plant. Spraying the flower with drugs such as Topaz or Bayleton will help to defeat the disease.

As we can see, even an inexperienced gardener can grow viola at home. Learn how to properly care for flowers, and they will delight you with lush flowering and a pleasant aroma.

Viola is official, but few people famous name pansy flower. It is used to decorate garden plots and balconies. Plant this common perennial plant immediately in open ground or in seedling containers. Exactly growing viola from seed at home - the main topic of this page of the site for.

Viola growing methods

Pansies are quite unpretentious, so you should not set yourself up for failure, even if you are not an experienced grower. If you are going to grow these cute flowers on your site or balcony, you should be aware of two ways to plant their seeds:

1. Landing in open ground. This method is used most often, it has two options:
spring sowing - produced in May-June, flowering occurs at the end of the season, and ends with the onset of frost. In early spring, flowering begins anew.
autumn sowing - Produced at the end of summer or in September. Before frost, the root system of the plant has time to get stronger enough to safely endure the winter and bloom in the spring.
2. Seedling planting. The seedling method of growing is not used so often, but it also takes place in our latitudes. Having started growing at home back in February, flowering can reasonably be expected already in early summer. So the bushes will bloom all summer and will also be covered with flowers next year.

Growing viola seedlings at home

Sowing viola seeds in seedling containers should be done early - in February or March. To get chic plants, you need to prepare well for planting. To do this, it is important to have suitable containers: a box, pots, cups or peat tablets. They should be filled with the correct substrate: moisture-absorbing and loose. Viola has a special love for moisture.

Advice! It is best to grow seedlings in peat container. Peat retains heat and moisture well, nourishes plants with useful substances.

Pansy seeds can be sown with or without incorporation into the ground. In the first case, grooves are made 0.5 cm deep and seeds are sown in 1-2 cm increments. After that, an impromptu greenhouse is created, which is placed in a bright and warm place.

In the second case - without embedding - the soil is watered abundantly warm water and sown with seeds, trying to keep a distance of 1-2 cm between them. In this case, it is also desirable to create a greenhouse, only it should be placed in a warm, but dark place. Viola seeds need darkness to germinate.

Care of sprouts grown from seeds

Germination usually takes 5 to 10 days. In some cases, longer germination is possible, which can be explained by several reasons:

old seeds,
excessively deep landing,
heavy soil.

The container with seedlings should be in a well-lit place. It is better to remove the shelter after a week, first airing it daily. From the very beginning, young plants can be taken outside for airing, so that they get stronger and hardened. Viola tolerates even low temperatures well.

With watering seedlings of pansies at home, you must be especially careful. On the one hand, the plant loves moisture, and on the other hand, it rots with its excess. Be careful that the top layer of soil in the container does not dry out, and the bottom layer is not waterlogged.

Growing viola seedlings from seeds at home

If viola seeds were originally sown in a common container, then after the formation of 1-2 true leaves, they must be transplanted into separate containers. Do not worry about damage to the roots - the viola tolerates this trouble well and recovers fairly quickly after that.

For good tillering, the viola needs pinching (top trimming). Perform it when 2-4 leaves develop on the seedlings. It is necessary to move pansies from home to open ground in stable warm weather - from the end of May. You can go to the balcony earlier - from the very beginning of March. It is important to know that the viola does not tolerate a dense planting. Optimal Distance between adjacent bushes - 15-20 cm. In balcony boxes, flowers should be placed so that each bush has at least 1 liter of soil. The plant is cross-pollinating, so plant different varieties separately.

Advice! You can easily collect viola seeds. To do this, you need to wait until the boxes appear in place of the flowers. Gradually, they will dry out, and when they turn up, you can safely pluck them. It is important not to be late, otherwise the storage of seeds will crack. Seeds need to be cleaned, dried and stored in a cool place (you can in the refrigerator).

Place to grow and care

Pansies love moisture and are afraid of intense heat. In view of this, for them in open ground, a place in partial shade should be chosen. It would be ideal to plant them near young trees with a sparse crown. It is especially important that the flowers are in shallow shade during the midday hours.

If a we are talking about home conditions, that is, growing a viola on a balcony or loggia, then in this case the western or eastern side of the building is perfect. In the north, flowering will be scarce, and in the south it will stop in the midst of the summer heat. Loamy soil is best for growing viola. Before planting flowers, the site must be loosened and fertilized. Fresh organic is categorically not suitable. It is better to use superphosphate and ammonium nitrate.

Viola ampelous

Once every two or three weeks experienced growers It is advised to feed the viola with mineral fertilizers. Weeding and loosening is a must. Flowers should be watered every day. For the winter, plants must be covered so that they do not suffer.

Growing viola from seeds at home allows you to rejoice in the year of planting beautiful flowers plants all summer long. Everyone loves this magnificent flower. If you decide to plant it in your backyard or on your balcony, be sure that these places will attract the eyes of others. You yourself will experience indescribable delight!

Great for framing borders and borders, tamping bushes of small height. Undersized varieties look very organic in rock gardens and rockeries. Mixes of violas give the landscape a unique flavor, create a bright accent. Today it is difficult to imagine a garden without this beautiful plant.

Viola is also a great container plant. It will perfectly decorate the terrace or balcony.

What is the name of the flower

Very often there is confusion with the name of this plant. Some call it violet, others call it viola, and still others call it pansies.

Violet is a genus of plants from the violet family (Violaceae). Viola is the Latin name for the violet. Perennial pansies (or tricolor violet) - a plant species from the genus violets.

Viola (or violet) - more often one-, two- or perennial herbaceous plant, less often a shrub. Plant height 15-30 cm.

A bit of history

Viola, whose flowers are one of the oldest garden plants, has been known to botanists since the 16th century. Also in ancient greece and Rome, people decorated their premises during the holidays. But it began to be cultivated only after two centuries. F. Miller, the famous English florist, was the first to do this.

In Russia, violet appeared at the end of the 18th century, thanks to the famous botanist P.S. Pallas, who studied the flora of Altai. It was he who brought the violet, which is now called Altai, to St. Petersburg.

AT early XIX century in Europe, well-known pansies appeared - Wittrock's hybrid violets. They combined the beauty of three types of violets: Altai, yellow and tricolor.

Planting seeds

How is viola grown? Flowers, growing from seeds of which is the easiest and cheapest way, can also be planted by sowing in open ground or cuttings.

Growing from seeds - this way you can grow enough plants for a garden or balcony. In addition, it is beneficial - seeds are much cheaper than ready-made seedlings. To improve germination, viola seeds should be soaked for a day before planting in a solution of special preparations (for example, zircon).

Any variety of perennial and biennial violas can be grown according to one of 3 schemes:

• Sowing seeds in open ground in autumn - flowering next year. In August-September, seeds are sown in the ground. Before snow, the plants have time to sprout and develop powerful roots. Viola, planting and caring for which is very simple, blooms the next year after sowing. Flowering lasts from April until frost.
• Sowing seeds in early spring for seedlings - flowering in the year of planting. It is believed that with this method, the viola begins to bloom in the second year. In fact, flowering can begin as early as the first summer after planting. For this, seeds should be sown in more early period- from the end of February to the beginning of March. It is advisable to use additional light. The resulting seedlings bloom in May-June. If you create suitable conditions for viola (she does not like direct sun and heat), then she will bloom all summer, and next spring will bloom again. Seedlings grown in spring are then planted in open soil or on a balcony.
• Sowing seeds in summer. From late May to early June, seeds can be sown directly into the ground. Viola begins to bloom in August-September. Snow covers the plants already with flowers. Violas bloom again in early spring.

seed germination

The period of seed germination depends on the variety. Usually sprouts appear on the fifth or tenth day. Reasons for delayed germination:

• old seeds;
• a thick layer of soil over the seeds;
• heavy and dense soil, which is sprinkled with seeds.

The emerging shoots are exposed to light. Moreover, even direct sunlight in the spring is not dangerous for plants.

Sowing and growing seedlings

Any suitable containers are selected for sowing: special cassettes for seedlings, small flower pots, food containers, etc. It is very important to choose suitable soil- it should be loose. You can buy special soil for violets or cook it yourself.

Fill the containers with soil and start sowing. It can be produced in different ways:

• The seeds are buried in the ground. Deepenings (up to 0.6 cm) are formed in the soil 1 cm apart. The seeds are laid out in the resulting grooves after 1-2 cm. Sprinkle the seeds with earth. Landings are shed or sprayed with water. To create a humid microclimate in seedlings, they are covered with a film or glass. To prevent mold from appearing, the film is slightly opened twice a day for about 10 minutes. They put a "greenhouse" with seeds in warm place(20-25°C). Illumination does not play a role.
• Seeds in the ground are sown superficially. The soil is abundantly shed or sprayed with water, preferably warm (30-35 ° C). The seeds are laid out in recesses after 1-2 cm. The container with the seeds is covered with a film or glass. The soil is regularly ventilated. Place a container with seeds in a warm place and cover with some material (for example, a sheet of cardboard) on top.
• The seeds are lightly sprinkled. First, the seeds are sown superficially (as in the second variant). Then lightly sprinkle (1-2 mm) earth or sand on top. Spill or spray plantings with warm water. The containers are covered with a film or glass, regularly ventilated. Put the seedling container in a warm place. Illumination doesn't matter.

Proper care of viola seedlings

After the emergence of seedlings, it is not recommended to immediately remove the film from the container - you need to let the seedlings get stronger. It is best to gradually increase the ventilation time during the week.

Viola seedlings are quite resistant to temperatures of 5-10 ° C, therefore, before the appearance of real leaves of the container (already without a film), they can be taken out to the balcony for hardening.

Seedlings need proper and regular watering. Upper layer soil should never be dry, but seedlings do not need to be flooded.

When the sprouts have 1-2 true leaves, they dive into separate containers. Usually, by this time, the central stem of the sprouts is strongly extended to the cotyledons. When picking, the sprouts can be deepened into the ground up to the cotyledons - they will be more stable, with powerful roots.

In order for the seedlings to bush better, at the stage of two or three pairs of true leaves, sprouts are pinched.

When warm weather sets in and the threat of frost passes, they begin to plant seedlings in a permanent place - on a balcony (March) or in open ground (May-June).

When planting seedlings in the ground, an interval of 10-15 cm is maintained. If seedlings are planted in boxes or pots, then the following ratio is observed: 1-2 liters of soil per plant.

Viola: planting and care in the open field

Many consider growing seedlings a rather troublesome business, so they prefer to sow seeds immediately in open ground. When sown in late May - early June, the viola will begin to bloom in August-September. If you sow the viola in August, flowering will begin in early spring the next year.

When sowing, seeds are laid out in small depressions (up to 0.6 mm), observing an interval of 10-15 cm. After that, the soil is shed abundantly and waiting for seedlings to appear.

Pinching is done at the stage of two or three true leaves. In the future, plant care consists in regular and sufficient watering, top dressing.

When planting seedlings or sowing seeds great importance has a choice of location. Violas grow and bloom best on light sunny places, but with shading from the bright midday sun. In the garden, this can be a place under trees with a not very dense crown, and on a balcony - the western or eastern side.

The type of soil is equally important. Viola, planting and care in the open field for which are discussed above, prefers well-moistened, drained and fertile soils.

Reproduction by cuttings

Cuttings can be carried out in different time. With early cuttings in the period from May to July, the tops of green shoots are taken, on which there are 2-3 nodes. Most cuttings root in 3-4 weeks. Plants from such cuttings begin to bloom in summer or early autumn. If cuttings were made later than July, then the viola begins to bloom in the spring of next year.

This method is more suitable for greenhouses, not gardens. It is usually used to propagate elite varieties.

Care

In order for the viola, the planting and care of which the schoolboy will master, to grow normally and bloom profusely, the soil must be constantly moist and loose. Therefore, regular watering and loosening the soil is so important. Removing wilted flowers promotes long flowering.

Viola required regular feeding mineral fertilizers with NPK complex. Seedlings are fertilized every 10 days, and adult plants - once a month.

Harmful weeds should be removed regularly. For the winter, plants are covered with spruce branches, fallen leaves or straw.

Viola types

There are currently about 500 species of viola. A flower, the varieties of which are so diverse, strikes the imagination of even connoisseurs.

There are several types that are considered the most popular among gardeners:

• Viola tricolor (V. tricolor). Biennial or annual plant. Height 10-20 cm. In the open field, this viola blooms from May to September, and it looks most decorative in the second year of flowering.
• Viola Wittroka (V. wittrokiana). It is usually considered a biennial or annual, but it can also be grown as a perennial when divided annually. Height 15-30 cm. This is a highly branched plant. Large flowers have a diameter of 4-10 cm. Flowers of the most diverse colors, while it can be plain or spotted. Depending on the time of sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the ground, viola can bloom in summer or autumn. Varieties of Viola Wittrock in a row common features conditionally divided into several groups: “trimardo”, “hemalis-winter”, “schweitzer riesen”, “Swiss large-flowered”, etc. For example, varieties from the “pirnaer” group are distinguished by early flowering.
• Viola Altai (V. altaica). Ornamental perennial plant. Height up to 20 cm. Frost-resistant. It can bloom twice a season: from mid-spring to mid-summer and from August to the first frost.
• yellow viola (V. lutea). The most unpretentious of all violets. Height 8-15 cm. Viola got its name for the bright lemon-yellow color of the flowers. Blooms from May to July.
• Fragrant Viola (V. odorata). Herbaceous perennial plant with small flowers (diameter about 2 cm). From the second half of summer, the viola grows a large number of easily rooted shoots that form a dense cover on the soil. The flowers are dark blue in color and have a pleasant, delicate fragrance. Fragrant Viola can bloom for a whole month.

With its incredible beauty and variety of shapes and colors, the viola, planting and caring for which are discussed above, inspires the creativity of breeders, landscape designers, flower growers, and artists.

Many experienced gardeners plant pansies immediately in open ground, but no less common seedling method growing viola at home, which makes it possible to grow healthy plants that will bloom much earlier and most likely even more abundantly.

Caring for the viola is not so complicated and painstaking, so summer residents grow this flower on their plots with great desire.

Popular types and varieties of viola

When and how to plant pansies for seedlings: timing and methods

Viola planting dates vary depending on the method of their breeding. Thus, 3 ways to grow pansies can be distinguished:

• Spring planting seeds for seedlings in late February - early March. The advantage of this method is that the plants will start blooming early and will decorate your garden this summer. Part of the seedlings can not be planted in the garden, but transplanted into pots or balcony boxes.
• Viola can be planted with seeds and immediately in open ground in summer. This is usually done in late spring - in May-early June. Flowering should be expected by autumn or earlier (in August-September).
• It is common to plant pansies with seeds in autumn or even at the end of summer (usually in August - early September). After a successful winter rooting, the seedlings will begin to grow, and flowering will begin almost immediately after the advent of spring.

According to the lunar calendar

It can help you choose the best date for sowing seeds Moon calendar.

Viola can be either an annual (summer), or perennial plant, each of which has its own dates according to the lunar calendar. However, most often (in conditions of cold and harsh winters), it is grown as annual plant.

So auspicious days for sowing an annual viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:

• in January - 17-19, 23-27;
• in February - 6-8, 11-17, 21-25;
• in March - 12-17, 19-20;
• in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17; 29-30;
• in May - 8-17, 21-23, 26-28;
• in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20;
• in July - 8-10;
• in November - 6-8, 13-18, 24-25.

Auspicious days for sowing perennial (biennial) viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:

• in January - 14-19, 23-27;
• in February - 11-13, 20-25;
• in March - 12-17, 19, 20, 27-30;
• in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17, 24-26, 29, 30;
• in May - 6-8, 10-17, 21-23, 26-28, 31;
• in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20, 27-30;
• in July - 8-12, 25-31;
• in August - 2-6, 17, 18, 21-23, 26-28;
• in September - 1-5, 7-10, 17-24;
• in October - 4-7, 9-12, 19-21, 23-25, 27;
• in November - 13-18.

Unfavorable days according to the lunar calendar for 2019 for sowing annual and perennial pansies, the following dates are:

• in January - 5, 6, 21;
• in February - 4, 5, 19;
• in March - 6, 7, 21;
• in April - 5, 19;
• in May - 5, 19;
• in June - 3, 4, 17;
• in July - 2, 3, 17;
• in August - 15, 16, 30, 31;
• in September - 14, 15, 28, 29;
• in October - 14, 28;
• in November - 12, 13, 26, 27.

According to lunar calendar from the magazine "1000 tips for summer residents."

Video: incremental sowing viola for seedlings - all about growing pansies

Capacity and soil mix

You can sow and grow viola seedlings in any landing tanks, it can be plastic and wooden boxes, cardboard and peat cups, disposable plastic cups, special trays and cassettes for seedlings, peat tablets. You can make a container yourself, for example, by cutting plastic bottles or milk cartons and other food containers.

When you think about the choice of soil, there are always exactly 2 ways. Buy a ready-made mixture for seedlings of flowers in the store or make it yourself. There is no fundamental difference, everything depends on your time and opportunities.

To prepare substrate for growing seedlings of pansies do it yourself the following components will be required in equal proportions:

• sod land;
• humus;
• peat;
• sand.

Then the resulting soil mixture must be well mixed and preferably sieved. You can disinfect the soil with the help of its steaming.

Do not forget! To successfully grow any seedling, including viola, you need proper drainage.

Preparation of seeds for sowing (processing)

To speed up seed germination and increase their resistance to disease, viola seeds are pre-treated before planting. treated with growth accelerators. The most popular means for soaking before sowing seedlings are "Zircon" and "Epin".

direct sowing

A step-by-step guide to planting viola seeds for seedlings at home in the traditional way is as follows:

1. Moisten (for example, you can still shed a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or to increase protection against rot and other dangerous diseases), and then lightly compact the soil in the planting container.
2. Sow pansy seeds on the surface (some flower growers plant in shallow, maximum 5 mm grooves, and then lightly sprinkle with earth). Try to distribute the flower seeds as evenly as possible, for this, for example, use a small piece of white paper and slowly sow the seeds along the edge.
3. Using a spray bottle, thoroughly moisten the crops again.
4. Then cover or cover plastic wrap, You can also put the container directly into the bag or put shoe covers on it.
5. Place the container with plantings in a dark and warm place where the average air temperature is kept at 22 degrees.

Video: sowing viola seeds for seedlings and germination results

By the way! Viola can be sown on the snow. To do this, lay a small layer of snow on top of the ground and lay the seeds on it. The snow will gradually melt and pull the seeds into the ground.

Video: sowing and picking viola

Viola care after planting seedlings

As practice shows, friendly shoots will begin to appear after 1 week or a week and a half. Now you need to move the container from a dark place to a sunny window (you can even directly to the south).

It is important that the soil near the seedlings is always slightly moist. So don't forget to do regular watering.

Important! The soil must be kept moderately moist, as excess moisture leads to plant disease with a black leg.

After 6-7 days from the moment of formation of the first shoots - cover will need to be removed., but first it is necessary to begin to ventilate the soil gradually, increasing the duration over time.

Pansies need 15 hour (+-1 hour) daylight hours, respectively, due to early sowing, young seedlings are recommended to be illuminated with fitolamps or conventional LED lamps otherwise it may stretch too much.

picking

The time for picking seedlings of pansies comes when she has 2 true leaves.

Note! It must be admitted that the viola easily takes root after almost any transplant, not even the most accurate one. So, young seedlings, in which the roots were slightly damaged during picking, may at first slow down a little in development, but then go into steady growth. However you need to approach the procedure with all responsibility!

If possible, try to dive viola seedlings into separate planting containers (pots, cups), or into a common container according to a 5 by 5 cm pattern.

The requirements for the soil do not change, except that this time no steaming is required. However, it is recommended to add to the soil mixture mineral fertilizer, which can be used as nitrophoska or azofoska, at the rate of 2 tbsp. l. funds for 4 liters of land.

Important! Roots should be loose in the hole. It is impossible for them to bend when they are backfilled. If, however, they do not fit, then they should be pinched.

Viola seedlings that are too long should be deepened down to the cotyledon leaves.

After transplantation, watering is necessary. If after it the earth has settled excessively, then soil should be added.

Video: viola pick

That's all! Now you can again put the seedlings on the windowsill or any other bright place where the temperature will be kept at 16 (+ -1) degrees.

Once every 2 weeks maybe feed pansies with complex mineral fertilizers for seedlings, which include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

When about 2 weeks remain before planting, the seedlings of the viola should begin harden, gradually taking out to fresh air. Try not to keep the pots in direct sunlight, otherwise young and fragile leaves can get burned.

If you did everything right when planting and grew seedlings of pansies at home according to the recommendations, then in the second half of May the violas will bloom, and they can be planted in open ground or transplanted into hanging balcony containers, planters or a high flower bed.

Video: how to grow good viola seedlings

How to plant viola seedlings in open ground: timing and methodology

It is necessary to start transferring seedlings of pansies to the soil or to a flower bed when the weather is consistently warm outside (no return frosts), that is, in the general case, this occurs in May.

Place for planting a viola, as a rule, it takes a good illuminated(but not open, otherwise the plantings will simply burn out), however, planting near trees is possible, through the crowns of which scattered sunlight will fall.

Priming for planting pansies should be fluffy and airy, therefore, any will do and it is not at all necessary that it be the most fertile land in your backyard. For example, if your soil is too heavy and clayey, then add peat with sand to it, as well as complex mineral fertilizer (about 35 grams per 1 sq. Meter). Then carefully dig the bed.

Recommended landing pattern and distance seedlings of pansies - 20 cm apart. If you want to plant flowers in 1 row, then the distance between flowers should be reduced to 15 cm. root collar, about 1 cm.

If you transplant pansies into boxes on the balcony or planters, then their volume should be about 1.5 liters per 1 flower.

The final touch will be abundant soil moisture around new plantings.

Video: planting a viola in open ground

Further care for viola in the open field

Caring for pansies consists of the following main points:

• top dressing;
• loosening;
• watering.

most suitable fertilizers for pansies are complex mineral supplements containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, that is, it can be ammonium nitrate or superphosphate.

Worth knowing! Viola can't be fed fresh manure. Flowers generally do not tolerate such top dressing.

Pansies are very fond of regular loosening, which relieves planting of weeds and allows air to better penetrate to the root system of the plant. However, do this carefully so as not to damage the roots.

The long flowering of the viola is a guarantee of a permanent soil moisture. Accordingly, if there is not enough moisture, then you will not have to rely on stormy colors.

To increase the flowering time of viola grown in pots or balcony boxes, as well as in the garden, it is necessary follow and get rid of the set seeds in time.

By the way! Pansies are self-seeding. So don't be surprised if a lot of new flowers appear on the site next year.

Concerning pruning viola bushes, it is highly recommended. Say, after the pansies have faded, they should be cut to 4-5 cm. After half a month, fresh shoots will appear, and the flowers will open again. Moreover, such a procedure will have a particularly positive effect on flowering next year.

Video: growing and caring for pansies

Viola is a very well-known flower among gardeners for a long time. Our great-grandmothers planted the culture in flowerbeds and dachas. Such popularity is due to the bright color and the ability of the flower to become an ornament to every flower bed. Grown as a biennial crop. You can plant both on seedlings and immediately on the garden. Viola growing from seeds when to plant is a pressing question that every gardener asks.

Viola - information about the culture

At first glance, it may show that you are not familiar with a plant called. However, this opinion is erroneous. Even if you didn’t have to grow a flower on your own, you definitely had a chance to see it and inhale the aroma. Indeed, among gardeners, culture is mostly familiar under the name "pansies."

Viola (from lat. Viola) or violet, is a member of the Violet family. Can be one year old, two year old, and perennial culture. This flower has the shape of a bush, a straight stem up to 30 cm high. The flower is similar to a violet. The difference is a speck in the center - a "peephole", which has original shape. Buds can be of different colors.

The early and long flowering gives great value to the plant. With the first sunny days of spring, the flower begins to delight with its buds, and continues to do so until the onset of the first autumn cold. The lack of flowering can be caused by too hot summer season.

Informative! The culture received its popular name on the territory of Russia thanks to the legend that tells about the girl Anna. She has been waiting for her beloved for so long that she has turned into a beautiful plant.

Popular types and varieties

Thanks to the work of breeders, there are about 400 varieties with quite interesting names. All species can be divided into two groups: large-leaved and small-leaved. The plant is not capricious and there are no special difficulties in caring for it.

Viola horned (ampel). The ampel view has only positive reviews. Flower growers give him preference for frost resistance, unpretentiousness, bright and abundant flowering. This species is an annual, has a spherical bush, reaches a height of up to 20 cm. Flowers up to 5 cm in diameter can be either monophonic or multi-colored. Flowering lasts from early spring until the first autumn frosts. The foliage of the bush has an oval shape. At the beginning of growth, the bush is stretched, but with the onset of flowering, the stems slightly fall.

Viola Vittorga. It belongs to perennial species, due to which it is a flower bed decoration for several years in a row. It can reach a height of 20-30 cm. The stems of the bush are straight, the rhizomes are fibrous. The foliage differs depending on the species: it can be placed on each stalk or collected in a rosette. In appearance, the leaf may be straight or pinnate.

The variety is famous for its very large buds, located on a thin peduncle. The shape of the flowers can be simple, wavy, corrugated and terry. The color of the inflorescences can be monophonic and multicolor.

Know! At one time, the bush can form about 25 peduncles, the flowering period of which depends on the time of planting the bush.

Viola single color. This variety has been known since 1753. The birthplace of the flower is considered to be the forests of Mongolia and Siberia, as well as the tundra. Far East. Perennial, has short vertical roots, the stems reach a height of 30 cm. The greenery is divided into two levels: broad basal leaves and stem foliage located at the top of the stem. The shape of the leaves can vary from heart-shaped to oval with teeth along the edge. Flowering lasts from early May to late June. The flowers are yellow with identical corollas about 3 cm in diameter. The bush gives one bud, in rare cases two.

Viola is fragrant. Another representative of perennials. Quite often found in the Crimea, in the western regions of Russia, in the Caucasus. This crop has been grown since 1542. It reaches a height of 15-20 cm, has large round leaves. The buds are located on pedicels. By color they can be various shades: purple, white, pink and red. It is a wonderful decoration for alpine slides and mixborders.

Viola Williams. The perennial member of the family, however, mainly exhibits the characteristics of a two-year culture. The bush is 20-25 cm in height. When planted next to several representatives, a lush flowering carpet is obtained. The flowers are 3-4 cm in diameter, most often painted in a pale blue hue. Flowering is abundant and lasts from early spring to late summer.

Note! Timely removal of faded flower stalks from the bush will prolong the duration of flowering.

Growing viola from seeds

When to plant seedlings

Seeds can be sown at the end of February and at the beginning of March. By this time, seedlings will be able to receive the required amount natural light, which will prevent the stretching of young shoots.

This year, February 22-27 are considered the most favorable. But on February 14-16, it is better to postpone the sowing work. If the violet was not planted in February, then sowing can be carried out until the second half of March, except for March 2, 13-15. February plantings will begin flowering by mid-May, and the second year the buds will open in early spring.

If you plant the seeds in open ground in May and June, then the flowers will form by August. Such flowering is considered late and will last until the first snow. The snow cover will cover the pansy flower along with the buds and, with the onset of spring, it will be possible to admire the flowering bushes. In May, favorable days are 1-6, 9-14.30 and 31 May. In June - June 14-15, June 18-27.

Also, directly into the ground, you can sow a crop in August and September. However, flowering will come only next spring. Suitable for work are 4-7, 18-24 numbers.

Remember! Pansies are a photophilous plant and for the full development of seedlings must be provided with a sufficient amount of light.

Soil preparation

For proper growth and the development of seedlings, the choice of soil mixture should be approached with all responsibility. You can purchase a special production mixture or prepare the composition yourself.
The optimal substrate is considered to be composed according to the following proportions:

• 1 share of peat;
• 1 share of humus;
• 2 shares of coarse sand (river);
• 2 shares of turf mail.

This composition of the soil has sufficient friability and breathability. It would be good to add to the finished mixture, based on 5 liters of substrate, 1 tbsp. l. mineral complex and 1 glass of wood ash.

Seeding technology

In order for the seedlings to turn out healthy and hardy, all the agrotechnical conditions necessary given plant. In addition, there are three ways to plant seeds for seedlings:

1. Full immersion. Grooves about 5 mm deep are made in the container with the substrate (you can use a stationery pencil for this). The seed is placed in these recesses, covered with soil from above. Leave in a warm room until the first shoots appear.
2. Partial dive. The surface of the soil in the tank is slightly compacted. The seed is laid out on top, sprayed with Epin, sprinkled with calcined sand with a layer of 2 mm. Cover with a lid and leave in a warm place.
3. surface method. Seeds are laid out on a compacted surface, the soil is easily moistened. The container is covered with polyethylene and left in a dark place until germination.

Important! Before planting seeds, carefully read the information on the package. It is there that manufacturers indicate which sowing method a particular variety requires and whether seeds need stratification. In addition, many modern seeds are produced in pelleted form and for their germination it is necessary to dissolve the shell.

seedling care

Home care for seedlings does not have any difficulties. Basics home care consists of five operations:

• backlight;
• watering;
• top dressing;
• pick;
• pinching.

Approximately 10 days after sowing, the first shoots appear. From this moment, containers with landings are taken out to a well-lit area with diffused light. The direct rays of the sun are detrimental to young shoots. So that the seedling stalks do not stretch, it is recommended to transfer the plantings to a room with a temperature of +10 degrees. Glazed loggia will be an excellent option.

If it is not possible to ensure this condition, then the landings are put on the windowsill, but the shelter is not removed. To fresh air seedlings are accustomed gradually, airing the seedlings daily and increasing the time spent outdoors.
Sometimes the timing of the emergence of seedlings does not coincide. Some varieties have a longer germination process. And if the soil is too dense or a thick layer of earth on top of the crops, the sprouts will take longer to break through to the surface. It happens that it takes about 20 days until the first sprouts appear.

Watering and feeding

Tender shoots need a constant level of soil moisture. It is extremely important to ensure that the soil in containers with seedlings does not dry out. As the top layer dries, it must be moistened. they love moisture, but at the same time, stagnant water adversely affects the plant, causing decay of still fragile roots.

For healthy growth and prevention of seedling stretching twice a month, plantings are fed with mineral complexes for violets or for seedlings.

picking

After the appearance of the third full-fledged leaf, the seedlings dive. root system the plants have excellent regenerating features, so you don’t have to worry if some roots are damaged during the transplantation process. Of course, it is not worth it to specially injure the plant, but the damaged seedling does not need to be thrown away. With significant damage, the seedling can slow down growth, but it will recover quickly enough, and will not differ in any way from its counterparts.

If the seedlings are still stretched out, during the picking, the sprouts are deepened into the soil to the level of the cotyledon leaves. Such a deep planting will provoke the growth of roots from the buried part of the stem. Also, thanks to this technique, the underground part of the plant will become more powerful, and the above-ground part will gain strength and will not lean downward.

Attention! If the seedlings are grown in the spring and there is a short daylight hours, then it is necessary to install additional lamps for lighting. After all, all biological processes take place only in daylight. Young plants require 14 hours of daylight.

As well as sowing seeds, it is necessary to carry out only in fertile soil. Then young plants will have enough nutrients, and the first feeding can be carried out 3 weeks after germination.

Viola planting in open ground in spring

To obtain a perennial flower, viola is grown from seeds directly in the ground. Planting begins in July, and flowering is observed for the next season.

Location selection

Loamy moist soil is considered optimal for cultivation. The flower loves sunny areas with light shading during the midday heat. Growing in the sun, violet pleases with large bright colors. Bushes planted in the shade have pale greens and smaller buds. However, the duration of flowering in such flowers is almost twice as long as those that are in the sun.

Soil preparation

Given the intolerance of stagnant moisture in the soil, the area for the growth of violets must have a good drainage system. To do this, pebbles or broken stone are laid out at the bottom of each hole. Sand is poured on top with a layer 2-3 cm thick and after that soil is poured.

Attention! If the seeds are planted a few days after the preparation of the soil, then the earth will have to be loosened again immediately before sowing.

Sowing seeds

The seeding process is as follows:

1. Grooves are made on the surface, keeping a distance of 10 cm between rows, and seeds are evenly distributed over them.
2. From above, the crops are sprinkled with soil, with a layer of no more than 0.5 cm.
3. Plantings are moistened using a shallow watering can to avoid washing out the grains.
4. To maintain moisture, crops are covered with sawdust from above.
5. After about two weeks, the first shoots will appear. They must be covered from the sun's rays with an opaque cloth. Shelter is left for 10-14 days, after which it can be removed.

Despite the fact that there is a risk of the death of some bushes in winter period, a plant planted immediately in the garden gives a more lush and long flowering.

Planting a viola in Siberia

Many flower growers are interested in growing viola in Siberia. For this territory, there are some features of cultivation, subject to which the culture will delight with its flowering.

Given the dependence of violets on daylight, it is extremely important to provide plantings with additional lighting. Indeed, in Siberia, a very short daylight hours. Other climatic conditions imply other terms of sowing seeds for seedlings. It is also necessary to take into account the vegetative period of the plant.

The two-year cycle of violet development does not allow setting clear dates for planting in Siberia. With late sowing, the plant may not have time to form and give buds. Violate the flowering period can and early winters or night frost. Therefore, viola in Siberia is sown in the second half of January.

Forum, reviews

On the Internet, you can find many forums where gardeners share the secrets of growing crops. And, of course, such a beauty as viola is no exception. More experienced flower growers share their experiences, whether bitter or joyful. Some even leave video instructions so that novice lovers can clearly see all the stages of growing a flower. Pansies do not leave anyone indifferent and fascinate with their beauty both on the site and in city squares and parks.

Conclusion

Viola is an incredibly beautiful and not picky plant. This beauty is suitable for any site. Using the viol can be created as separate flower arrangements, and lush blooming bedspreads on the flower beds. Perennial varieties keep the design solution for several seasons, and the ampelous varieties will become a decoration hanging compositions. Article Viola growing from seeds when planting will help facilitate the cultivation of the crop and get a beautiful fragrant flower garden.