Cuttings of barberry in the spring. Propagation of barberry cuttings

Many gardeners in last years are fond of growing barberry on their plots. The bush is beautiful. It makes an excellent living fence along the path, near the house, in the garden. Housewives will be happy to cook a lot of jam from delicious barberry.

Propagation by cuttings in a plant is especially effective. Having started only 1 bush, it will soon be possible to supply all neighbors and relatives with barberries or plant bushes along the street.

Propagating the plant by cuttings is simple, you just need to delve into the technology. Consider how cuttings grow in spring and summer?

It is necessary to take into account what time of the year, what age the branches from the shrub are and they are propagated in 2 main ways:

in autumn period- lignified cuttings;
in spring or summer period with young branches.

Barberry Thunberg grows as a bush. Its branches are high, they can grow up to 2.5 m. This shrub comes with yellow or red leaves, which is very beautiful. The owners specially plant such bushes to decorate their yard, garden.

Barberry from this variety is not eaten. It is customary to plant a shrub where there is a threat that a slope or ravine will begin to slide. This species is bred by cuttings, but it is propagated by growing from seeds, seedlings.

How to propagate barberry shoots?

If barberry is propagated by cuttings, then the bushes will grow exactly the same as the mother ones. When propagated by seeds, they will be slightly different.

About technology, how to cut cuttings and what to do with them later:

Cuttings are cut from bushes that are no more than 10 years old. These are better and faster take root in a new place. Cut branches early morning until the dew has evaporated from the grass, trees and bushes. In the shade, many cuttings are cut from the branches. The main thing is that they are protected from direct sunlight, which can dry them out, and therefore damage them.
They take a jar, fill it with water and put bunches of cuttings in it. Cut the latter with a budding knife. The owner checks how sharp it is, disinfect the blade.
The branches are cut obliquely. Each of the cuttings has 2 cuts: the lower one is located behind the kidney, and the upper one is not above. Cut the leaves in half. It turns out that each of the processes has 2 or 3 internodes.
Those branches that are cut and processed are tied tightly in bunches and lowered, for example, into jars of water with their lower edges. In a greenhouse or greenhouse, you need to prepare the ground of a certain composition: 1 layer will be leaves that have rotted (this layer will be from 10 to 15 cm) + compost + forest litter + river sand ( top layer at 4 cm).
Take a board and compact this soil. Now water it down. Some mark seedlings that barberry grows on this site.
Seedlings should be placed at an angle and deepen them into a layer of sand by 0.5 cm. From cutting to cutting, you need to retreat 5 cm, from row to row - 7 cm. The cuttings will take root and take root well if the greenhouse is not higher than 40 cm.
The main thing is to initially make a greenhouse correctly. Then it will be easy to create high humidity and air temperature.
After planting, the seedlings need to be watered with rain. To do this, use a watering can, or you can use a sprayer. It is good when the water for irrigation is from 20 ° C to 25 ° C. To keep the humidity high, you need to irrigate the soil like this 2 or 3 times a day.
When it is very hot, the greenhouse is ventilated. It is enough to push the boundaries a little. It will take from 20 to 25 days and the seedlings will grow roots. Now they can be gradually hardened by opening the greenhouse so that fresh air enters them.
To begin with, 2 hours a day is enough, then every day you need to gradually increase the hardening time of the seedlings. It is best to open the frames after 3 pm, when the air is perfectly warm.
The first days of August will come and the frames of their glass can be removed. Now the cuttings will feel the change in temperature from day to night, they will be washed by dew in the morning, and in the afternoon the sun will caress.
Before winter period seedlings will become much stronger. Plants will overwinter and can be transplanted.

Spring transplanting cuttings

From March 25, and if it's cold, then by April 5, you need to stretch a plastic film over the cuttings, which is usually used by gardeners. Thanks to the film or other suitable material the soil will warm up faster and the cuttings will come to life.

Humidity in the greenhouse will increase, which will please the plant, and the transition from daytime air temperature to nighttime will not be so abrupt.

Video about planting and care, reproduction of barberry:

The greenhouse has a beneficial effect on plants and they wake up in it from 14 to 21 days earlier than it would have happened under open sky. This method is good because experts recommend leaving seedlings under the film until September.

Do not forget about the regular drip irrigation watering can or sprayer and fertilizing plants. From June 25, you can start hardening seedlings. The film is completely removed from them, and then covered. It will take 2 days and the film can be completely removed.

When the plants are 2 years old they are ready to be transplanted to permanent place. This procedure can be done from September 15th. If the owner has grown a lot of young barberry bushes, he can plant them around the yard, in the garden, give them to relatives and neighbors.

Now novice gardeners understand how to propagate barberry cuttings in spring and summer. The technology is simple and understandable to anyone who grew up in the village or has his own dacha, where he worked with bushes and trees.

Barberry can rightly be called a unique shrub, which can equally serve as a garden decoration, spice and medicine. Reproduction of barberry cuttings - the most suitable way for independent breeding, in which all varietal characteristics of the parents are fully preserved.

It is enough just to create conditions for this, in fact, undemanding plant, and be patient.

Preparatory stage of reproduction

For propagation by cuttings, you should choose a parent plant whose age does not exceed ten years. The older the shrub, the worse the rooting of the cuttings will occur. Cutting is best done early in the morning before the dew has dried.

Shoots choose annual, lignified, which should be immediately placed in water and placed in the shade, away from sunlight. For work, you will need well-sharpened knives, which are recommended to be disinfected and checked for sharpness.

Cutting rules

For cuttings, one-year-old shoots are chosen, which have already grown stronger and slightly woody. Cuttings are cut from the center of the shoot, about 10 centimeters long and with at least 2-3 internodes.

Each cutting should have two cuts:

Upper - horizontal, above the kidney
The lower one is at an angle of 45 degrees, under the kidney. Leaflets should be shortened by half the total length of sheet platinum.

The material cut in this way is placed with the lower cut in water.

Propagation of barberry cuttings in spring

Reproduction of barberry by cuttings is possible at any time of the year, but if this is done in the spring, then as early as possible, even before the buds swell. At first, the shoots should be kept in the refrigerator until the soil warms up, and only then proceed to their rooting.

Propagation of barberry cuttings in autumn

If the shoots are cut off in autumn or early winter, then they should be stored in a box with wet sand until spring. In this case, the cuttings must be installed in a vertical position. It is important to ensure that they do not become moldy.

The optimum temperature for such storage is about 0 degrees. With the onset of spring, overwintered cuttings can begin to root, and this is best done in more suitable greenhouse conditions.

Greenhouse preparation

It should be remembered that barberry cuttings take root for a long time. To speed up this process, as well as for more successful rooting, you need to create ideal conditions: high humidity coupled with high air temperature. For these purposes, as well as possible, a small greenhouse or greenhouse is suitable. It should be prepared in advance by laying out a ten-centimeter layer of a mixture consisting of compost, as well as rotted leaves along with the ground.

River sand is sprinkled over such a “cushion”, sifting it evenly over the entire area several centimeters thick. Next, the prepared soil must be compacted with a board, and poured abundantly with water. To be constantly maintained in the greenhouse required humidity and temperature, its height should not be more than 40 centimeters.

Planting and care in the greenhouse

The material must be planted obliquely, deepening 0.5 centimeters into wet sand. The most suitable distance in the row between the cuttings is 5 centimeters, and between the rows themselves a little more - about 7 centimeters.

Watering should be done immediately after planting. It is more correct to do this by sprinkling, that is, through a sprayer or a watering can with a nozzle. Water for irrigation should be warm enough, at least 20-25 degrees. After such watering, the greenhouse should be immediately closed with glass frames, and covered with burlap or tarpaulin on top.

In case of night frosts, additional protection in the form of straw mats will be required. It is necessary to ensure that the air temperature in the greenhouse does not fall below 22-25 degrees. To maintain the optimal level of humidity, spraying is carried out 2-3 times a day.

With the onset of hot sunny days, the greenhouse must be ventilated by briefly pushing the glass frames apart.

It will take a month for the barberry cuttings to take root, but with favorable conditions development of the root system can be observed after 3 weeks.

As soon as the plants are rooted, they need to be gradually hardened off, providing an influx into the greenhouse. fresh air. Hardening begins at two hours, and each time its duration should increase. It is best to carry out this procedure in the afternoon, when the air is already warm.

Before the onset of winter, the plantings will have time to get stronger and will be ready for the next transplant in the spring.

Transplantation of barberry cuttings

With the onset of spring, you need to start preparing for a transplant:

At the end of March - beginning of April, you need to stretch a garden transparent over the greenhouse polyethylene film, due to which the heating of the soil in the greenhouse is accelerated, the humidity and air temperature in it increase, and the difference between day and night air temperatures decreases.
Under these conditions, the cuttings "wake up" after the winter and start growing 2-3 weeks earlier. Until September, care for them consists in regular watering and fertilizing.
At the end of June, hardening of young plants should begin, removing the film for several days. With this preparation, two-year-old seedlings will be ready for transplanting into open ground already in September.

Barberry - fragrant ornamental plant. It is used for various purposes - for ennobling personal plot, including culinary. In most cases, the plant grows in the form of a shrub, but it can be specifically pruned, after which you get the original tall tree. For propagation of barberry use various ways, but each of them has its own characteristics and differences. The main thing is to know how to perform proper rooting so that the plant quickly grows.

Features of reproduction of barberry in spring, summer and autumn

Barberry shrub quite massive. It has the ability to stretch up to 2 meters. With specific pruning, its structure and shape can be adjusted to the required volume. Its main difference from other trees is its year-round decorative effect due to the fact that it changes the color of the foliage to a red tone in autumn.

Attention! If the barberry is not subjected to formative pruning for several years, it will fill the entire area next to it. But if the gardener sets out to independently grow the original plant, with maternal qualities present, then certain methods of reproduction should be guided.

Landing cuttings, young shoots very slowly release roots.
At division shrubs for young seedlings, root system barberry comes to light very tender. Therefore, during the sectioning procedure, the rhizomes can be easily damaged.
Landing seeds, their germination is only 40-45%. At the same time, the maternal qualities of the shrub after the entrances of young seedlings may not appear.
Most of the varieties when cuttings do not produce rhizomes.

The optimal period for breeding barberry is spring-summer. It is during this period that nutrients are activated in the plant, helping the sprout to acclimatize in a new place and safely release young roots.

Important! The plant should not be planted in shaded areas of the garden, the shrub loves abundance sunlight. Doesn't accept a large number of water. Especially for rooting, lowlands and places with a close occurrence of groundwater are not suitable.

A prerequisite for planting is laying out drainage at the bottom of a previously prepared pit for deepening a young cutting. It is recommended to make it from sawdust, small pebbles and dry fallen leaves.

Barberry breeding methods

In most cases, gardeners prefer to propagate barberry vegetatively due to the fact that by growing seeds for seedlings, young shrubs do not retain maternal properties. They can turn out with a different shape, shade and leaf pattern. In addition, their fruits may differ in color. All seedlings that are obtained by rooting vegetatively, bear all the hallmarks of the original tree.

There are several ways to breed barberry:

seeds;
root growth;
dividing the bush;
layering;
cuttings.

In order to decide which method is best suited, you should familiarize yourself with each of them and decide for yourself in what way and how to propagate barberry.

seeds

An unpredictable way and the most interesting. None of the gardeners during cultivation can predict the result of their activities. Barberry can be propagated by seeds in two ways.

First way means planting seedlings. For this, seedlings undergo natural stratification within 90 days. In other words, in December, all seeds are placed in a moist environment of peat mixing and river sand. The container with planting material is sent to a refrigerator or a room with a temperature not higher than +5 0 С.

Attention! In March, the seedlings are taken into the room with normal temperature and sown in prepared flowerpots. Seeds are located at a distance of 3-4 cm, so that later it would be convenient to dive them into separate pots or open ground.

Second way breeding more simple. Should be collected ripe berries barberry large size and beautiful appearance and take the seeds out of them. The latter should be washed running water. Then place in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 15-30 minutes and dry well with a soft cloth or towel.

Landing is carried out in the fall. The area where the seeds are planned to be planted must be cleared of debris, fallen leaves or grown weeds. A furrow 3 cm deep is formed on the bed. Due to the fact that crops do not have a high percentage of germination, 3 times more should be sown than ordinary plants.

Sprinkle loose, moist soil on top and apply mulch from fallen leaves. With the onset of spring days, all shelter must be removed, exposing the first young, hardened sprouts that have sprouted during this time.

Root growth

Getting a seedling from root growth is very simple. But young shrubs do not shoot from the root. They should be taken from mature or old plants.

Important! On the rhizomes, buds are formed, which grow out of the ground as an independent shrub. All young shoots do not go straight from the central part of the barberry, but stretch out next to the bush, on the periphery.

If there is such a seedling in the territory belonging to the barberry, then it must be dug out according to the following instructions:

Carefully dig the bush from all sides.
Try to dig a hole deeper so that as much of the root system as possible remains from the mother shrub for the young cutting.
It is recommended not to dig up the plant in such a way that the root system is exposed. It is best to transplant a young cutting along with a clod of earth.
The connection with the mother bush and the cutting should be cut with a secateurs, sprinkling the cut with crushed coal or wood ash.
Plant the dug seedling in a new prepared place, sprinkle with earth.

Subsequently, it performs routine care behind the plant. It is better to carry out the procedure for propagating barberry with root shoots either until the first buds wake up, or after the leaves fall in autumn days. But in the latter case, one should be guided weather conditions so that the plant is not transplanted at the time of the first frost, which is detrimental to a fragile bush.

By dividing the bush

To implement this method, the mother shrub is carefully dug out from its familiar place so that the root system is minimally damaged. The plant is divided into parts using a pruner or, if the roots are strong enough, then with a saw. Slices are sprinkled with ashes or crushed activated carbon. Then the resulting new seedlings are rooted in a new place.

layering

Propagation of barberry by layering is carried out as follows. Preferably in the spring, a healthy branch is selected from the lower growth on the trunk of the tree. A trench 10-15 cm deep is dug next to the bush. The selected branch is bent to the ground and secured with a pin or other device so that it cannot straighten to its original position. The shoot is laid in a furrow and sprinkled on top of the earth. In the future, young shoots should be expected from the buds remaining in the ground, but for better germination throughout the summer, it is necessary to periodically water the layering.

cuttings

When barberry is propagated by cuttings, two methods of rooting are used - green and lignified cuttings. You need to understand each of them.

Attention! Landing green cuttings it is used very rarely due to the fact that the plant in this case takes root extremely poorly.

Step-by-step instruction for propagation by green cuttings:

According to numerous reviews of gardeners, the likelihood of barberry rooting during reproduction lignified cuttings much higher than green ones.

Step-by-step instructions for propagating barberry with lignified cuttings:

When rooting lignified cuttings, planting material should be taken from 2-year-old shoots. Time to collect cuttings - last days autumn, before a strong drop in temperature.
It is necessary to cut the cuttings in a length not exceeding 20 cm, and in a trunk diameter - no more than 1 cm. The cut from below should be at an acute angle. Until the first spring days, planting material is planted in a trench, where it is dug in with mulch or fallen leaves.
The rest of the steps are carried out with accuracy as when planting green cuttings - in the spring the plantings should be placed in greenhouse conditions. Until the beginning of autumn, young shoots will grow by 2-3 branches.

Thus, growing barberry is not difficult, but rather laborious, especially when propagating by seeds or cuttings. The main thing is to get a result in which the cutting will take root, and will not just sit in one place without a root system.

Features of reproduction of barberry Thunberg

One of the most famous varieties of barberry is Thunberg. It is represented by interesting arched shoots, on which bright red or yellow leaf plates are located.

The fruits of this species are not used for food. It is recommended for planting only as an ornamental plant that can outshine any lush flowering plant with its beauty.

Important! Reproduction of barberry Thunberg is carried out by all standard methods.

But if you choose between cuttings of green cuttings or lignified cuttings, then the choice mainly falls on green shoots.

Propagation of barberry Thunberg with green cuttings is as follows:

Procurement of planting material is carried out in early July on the first young branches.
The branches are cut no more than 15 cm, while the top point should be pinched.
Then the base of the cutting is placed in a solution with a root-forming nutrient("Kornevin") for a duration of not more than 12 hours.
The next step is the rooting of the prepared seedling in a flowerpot.
Top put on plastic bag, and inside the temperature is maintained at +26 0 С.
The release of young leaves occurs after a few months.
The first winter, you should keep the cuttings in a cool room, only next spring it will be possible to transplant a young bush into open ground.

Popular mistakes when propagating barberry

Gardeners make mistakes all the time. But if they are not implemented, then how else to learn to grow plants. Only through trial and error can you achieve the desired result. There are several popular mistakes when breeding barberry:

Only a few seeds are taken for planting. To grow young plants, you need to be patient and big amount seeds. This is necessary because of the poor germination of the latter.
When digging up root shoots, if you leave a small root system to a young cutting, there is a danger of ruining a young seedling.
During the division of the shrub, the rhizomes are severely damaged - with such a procedure, the plant will be sick for a long period, trying to grow new roots, but with a large ground part, it will be quite difficult to complete the process.

Thus, the barberry reproduces by a wide variety of methods. Not all of them are suitable for all varieties of plants. To obtain a shrub with maternal qualities, it is recommended to use vegetative propagation methods. But at seed cultivation the resulting shrub can be a surprise for the gardener.

Video: barberry breeding methods

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Thunberg's barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is the most well-known species in cultivation after the common barberry. Its homeland is Japan and China.

It is small in height (up to 1 m), can reach 1.5 m in diameter and is distinguished by dense horizontal branching.
The leaves are graceful, small, 1-3 cm long, bright green in summer and fiery red in autumn, falling off in October. Flowering is plentiful, annual, from the age of 5, in the first half of June.
It is quite often used in landscaping cities. This barberry looks very beautiful in a free landing on a lawn (1-3 specimens are enough), but can also be used in clipped hedges, when creating low borders, and landscaping paths. Unlike the common barberry, it is highly resistant to fungal diseases. It can also be planted to stabilize the soil.
At single landing the distance between the bushes is at least 1.5 - 2 m.

When planting a dense single-row hedge, 4 copies are placed, a two-row hedge - 5, in a freely growing hedge, barberries are planted at the rate of 2 per 1m2. The shrub withstands a wide range of soil acidity: from acidic to neutral, but still prefers neutral. Optimal soil acidity pH 6 - 7.5. soil mix: garden soil, humus, sand in equal quantities (1:1:1). When planting in acidic soil, liming is necessary (300 - 400 g of slaked lime or 200 g wood ash on a bush).
Top dressing is given starting from the second year after planting. In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied (20 - 30 g of urea per bucket of water). Then fertilize every 3-4 years. It is necessary to make complex fertilizers with microelements, for example, Kemiru-station wagon. Watered once a week. Frequent loosening and weeding are necessary. After planting, mulching is carried out.
Thunberg barberry is propagated by seeds, the viability of which is more than 90%, as well as by cuttings and dividing the bushes.

The signal for harvesting green cuttings is a change in the color of their lower part - this is the beginning of the lignification process. To obtain green cuttings, leafy shoots extending from last year's branch to the side are used. The cuttings break off easily at their base with small area old escape - "heel". The length of the cutting should be from 10 to 20 cm, depending on the type of plant.
After separation of the cuttings, leaves are removed from their lower part. Since the young shoots are still very weak, the separation from mother plant is a shock to them.
If they are immediately placed in the ground, they will wither, because they will not be able to extract water from the soil on their own. Therefore, you should give them time - place the lower part of the stem by 3-4 cm in a container with water and put it in a warm, bright place, for example, in a greenhouse with cucumbers.
Pruning consists in the annual removal of weak, poorly developed shoots. Old bushes are thinned out in the spring. When arranging hedges, pruning is carried out in the second year after planting, cutting off from 1/2 to 2/3 of the above-ground part. Then, in subsequent years, pruning is carried out 2 times a year: in the first half of June and in early August. Low-growing forms of barberry can not be cut, they are well suited for division garden plot to zones.

They are unpretentious to soil conditions, drought-resistant, they do not tolerate stagnant moisture at all, they develop better in the light, but they also tolerate some shading. Most of the barberries are very decorative and are used in single or group plantings, hedges, and undersized species- on rocky hills and in the form of curbs.

The bright autumn color of leaves and fruits, which remain on the bushes for a long time, further enhances them. decorative effect. They tolerate urban conditions well, are easily molded.