Water mill with their own hands. Water mill: the value of the discovery, scope, device and principle of operation

Almost always used following sizes mill wheels: in diameter from 1.5 m and not more than 10 m. The choice of product depends only on the size adjoining territory.

Do-it-yourself water mill design

Depending on the purpose, the mill house itself is selected. It can act as a warehouse for inventory, or a play area for children, or just decorative element. Projects are quite suitable for the building frame houses, frame technology very easy to build.

millstone

mill circle

Alternative descriptions

Mill stone circle used for grinding grains into flour

Stone - the working body of the mill

Mill stone circle

Painting by French artist Paul Cezanne “Mill…”

. "brother rubs brother, white blood flows" (riddle)

Miller circle

Wheel for grinding grains into flour

stone in the setting

. "brother rubs brother" (riddle)

Working body of the mill

stone grater

. "emery" at the mill

Mill "emery"

The working "wheel" of the mill

Mill stone circle for grinding, grinding grains into flour

. "Brother's brother rubs" (riddle)

. "Sandpaper" at the mill

. "brother rubs brother, white blood flows" (riddle)

Painting by French artist Paul Cezanne "Mill ..."

Mill "emery"

Psk. millstone, zhorn m.

DIY decorative windmill for the garden: 52 photos of creative examples of decoration

millstones and millstones pl. millstone; it is of siliceous rock, flat, hewn along a round outline, with a notch or forging; a pair of millstones in action, a top, a runner (south. top) and a bottom, called. tackle or postav; the iron spindle passes through the veche, the upper mesh, where it is tightly wedged into the iron shear, strika, then through the lower mesh into a wooden sleeve, purse, kushelevin, kruzhlovin, overlaid with a felt collar; and rests with the heel, the heel against the raw material, against the iron tile, embedded in the Friday (beam), aka the elevator; the spindle head is inserted into the fluff, paraplitsu, grain is poured from the bucket under the spindle, into the veche. The size of a quarter, millstones: octagon, nine, etc. The upper millstone is bound with a tire so as not to scatter. A millstone, a zhornochek will diminish. round pebbles from cancer. Uzhevka, snake head, Cyprea shell, used. in the form of small ornaments. Zheronki, zherenki pl. diminish. psk. pitches. hand millstone or millstone. Crayfish millstones. A good millstone will sweep away everything. The millstones themselves are not eaten, but people are fed. A grain fell between two millstones. Millstones are forged if they are numb. Grinding, exactly millstones, whatever. Tongue of millstones: grinds anything that gets on it. Grinding and millstones, and tongue. He sees through the millstones. Floats like a millstone. Without a millstone around your neck, you can't reach the bottom. Turns like an underside millstone. Brother rubs brother, white blood flows? millstone. The monk lies steep mountains: will come out, feed the faithful and the unfaithful? millstone. Navel, better stomach poultry. Zherenok cf. foals pl. psk. dry corns. Zhernya cf. -ta pl. psk. crayfish millstones; bird stomach. Millstone angle lower-serg. where there is a manual millstone, opposite the door, next to the red one; in other lips. it is cut, but lower. so called the court corner, in other lips. horse, horse. Millstone, church. millstone, pertaining to a millstone. Millstone, millstone m. carving, making millstones. Zhernokov, millstone m. Forging, cutting millstones with arcuate grooves diverging from the middle. Millstone, millstone a place where millstones are broken from the rock. Zhernovka first grinding, first flour from new or new forging of millstones, sandy. Crayfish millstone. Cells, hornet's nest, kubelko. Psk millstone. or millstone m. millstone rock, a stone fit for millstones. Milling buckwheat, psk. to fight on the groats. Zhernovets m. dereza plant or beaver, iron ore

The working "wheel" of the mill

Wheel for grinding grains

Wheel for grinding grains

A water mill is a wonderful decorative element in landscape design that will decorate any local area. If earlier it was used for practical purposes (creating flour by grinding grain), now it is a purely aesthetic addition to the site.

Important! Water mills are also popular, as are cascades, fountains and pools. Therefore, it is an equivalent option for the device on the territory.

Main parameters of mills

The following mill wheel sizes are almost always used: in diameter from 1.5 m and not more than 10 m. The choice of product depends only on the size of the adjacent territory. Depending on the purpose, the mill house itself is selected. It can serve as a warehouse for inventory, or a play area for children, or just a decorative element. Projects of frame houses are quite suitable for the building, frame technology is very simple for construction.

Important! The process of manufacturing a product consists of determining the style, completing the project and acquiring all the necessary materials for work.

The main stages of an independent device of a water mill

If you complete all the steps, then the result will be very pleasant and expected for everyone.

The watermill is original and interesting solution to complement any local area. Still look good retaining walls, originally highlighting flower beds and lawns.

Making a homemade hand mill with an electric motor. Homemade mill do it yourself

Making a home mill with an electric motor

For the mill, I found a faulty electric motor (with a power of about 300 ... 1000 W). The engine was disassembled first. The starter was left unchanged. But with the rotor (Fig. 1) I did the following operations:

I drilled holes in it along an inclined line with a drill with a diameter of 10 mm to a depth of 7 mm (the distance between the holes is 1 ... 1.5 cm);

I connected the holes with grooves 7 mm wide and 3.5 mm deep using a cutting wheel.

It should be noted that at the exit points finished products, that is, at points I, the grooves are formed especially carefully, limited to a depth of 1.5 ... 2 mm. After all, by setting the depth of the grooves at the outlet by the selection method, it is possible to regulate the quality of grinding;

A chamfer is removed from the upper part of the rotor (emery);

The rotor is inserted into the stator and holes are drilled or cut with a chisel in the stator covers for filling the grain and exiting the finished product.

For the convenience of filling the crushed product into the mill, a loading hopper made of tin is attached to the lid. The dimensions of the bunker depend, of course, on the dimensions of the engine (Fig. 2). A handle is attached to the top of the motor shaft (now mills) (using a pin, bolt or (if the shaft has a thread) nuts. The design of the handle can be any.

For ease of use, the mill (assembled) is screwed to a board, which is then installed on a bench or stool, where a hole has been cut for the flour to exit (Fig. 3). An inverted bucket is placed under the bench (during work), and a container for flour is placed on it. The products are ground either by moving the handle back and forth (by 180 °), or by first making five turns of the handle clockwise, and then two ... three turns counterclockwise (otherwise the grooves become clogged).

The advantage of this mill is that it is made from readily available waste materials. The disadvantage is low performance. So, if you use a 300 W motor for the mill, the flour yield will be only 700 g / h. And having made a mill from an engine (I repeat a faulty one) with a power of 1 kW, the productivity of the mill will increase to 2.5 kg / h. It is clear that the greater the power of the engine, the larger the size of both it and the rotor, which means that the faster the grinding goes. By the way, to increase productivity, instead of a handle, you can try connecting an electric drill to the mill shaft and turn it on at low speed.

Tips for a beginner miller:

Clean the rotor once a week;

Pour the grain in small portions to avoid clogging.

all materials of the section "Ideas for the master"

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How to make a grain mill with your own hands

Household mini-mill for grain - necessary fixture to get flour. Making a mill with your own hands will require skills in working with drilling and turning devices. With this device, you can get coarse or fine flour and use it for home baking. Check out detailed instruction how to make a windmill with your own hands and try to put the knowledge into practice.

Characteristics of a homemade mini grain mill

This device was created in Udmurtia by O. Zaitsev and A. Yagovkin and was called "Baby". With the help of this hand-made mill, you can grind grain, make feed for livestock and poultry in your subsidiary farm, grind flour from corn, oats, wheat and other grains. Homemade mill has small size, but at the same time it has high productivity: in just 5-6 minutes you can grind a bucket of corn on it, and wheat and oats - 2 times faster.

The technical specifications of a DIY homemade grain mill are as follows:

• dimensions (without branch pipe and bunker) - 320 x 160 x 170 mm;
• electric motor power - 180 W;
• productivity: for corn - 0.2 buckets per minute, for wheat, oats and other crops - 0.5 buckets per minute;
• the number of possible varieties of grinding - 2;
• the chopper is homemade, rotor-stator and reversible;
• the mass of the mill in the collection - 15 kg.

This home-made mill-grain crusher has sufficient reliability: as practice has shown, in two years of active operation, the mechanism has never failed.

How to make a homemade mini mill rotor

The design of a homemade grain mill is quite simple, so anyone with a desire can assemble similar device on one's own. However, before you make a mill with your own hands, you need to get certain skills, namely, mastery of drilling and turning devices.

But if there are no such skills, then you can order the required parts in the workshop. Only three main parts will have to be ordered from the craftsmen: the rotor, stator and bearing assembly cover. You can assemble the entire structure from already manufactured parts in your home workshop.

If it is possible to do all the details for a home-made flour mill on your own, then you should take into account a number of technological recommendations. When manufacturing a steel rotor, it is necessary to machine it together with a shaft of variable cross section. It is made of steel round timber or forging (grade 45, diameter 120 mm and length 90 mm). The work should be carried out in three stages. First, pre-treatment is needed, holes with a diameter of 10 mm are drilled in the workpiece, which should be evenly spaced around the circumference (diameter 105 mm). When will it be removed upper layer(grooving until a diameter of 104.5 mm is reached), the working protrusions-teeth open. Then the finished rotor must be subjected to heat treatment, i.e. hardening and tempering.

The technology of this process is as follows: the part must be heated to a temperature of 800-820 ° C (to a light red color), then lowered into an oil bath (it is not recommended to use water, otherwise the part will turn out to be too fragile and cracks will form), then tempering should be done , for which it is necessary to heat the rotor to 380-400 ° C, and then cool it in air. As a result, the hardness of the treated surface increases significantly - up to 350-400 Brinell units. You can check the quality of hardening of the product using a file by passing it along cutting edge rotor teeth. At high quality hardening file will easily slide over the product without leaving a mark.

The rotor of this design rotates on two deep groove ball bearings. This allows you to significantly increase the bearing capacity of the unit, as well as the reliability of the entire mill as a whole.

A distance ring 0.5 mm thick should be installed on the shaft between the bearings. This device gives the bearings the ability to move by the calculated amount, creating a small interference fit, which allows the assembly to adapt to the internal stresses that the rotor-stator mechanisms have.

How to make a homemade mill stator with your own hands

The most difficult is the manufacture of the stator, so it requires maximum accuracy and accuracy of the work performed. The entire manufacturing process of the part also takes place in three stages. First you need to process the workpiece on a lathe. At the same time, a technological allowance should be left on the side of the working chamber. To do this, you need to drill a central hole to a diameter of 70 mm, then mark a circle with a diameter of 105 mm on the workpiece, apply the centers of future holes, which later form the working surface of the stator.

How to make a decorative water mill: ideas, drawings with dimensions, step by step video instructions

These markings are applied in accordance with the drawing. Next, the contours of the upper and lower "windows" are marked, and after that, in accordance with the drawing and markings, blind holes are drilled to a depth of 28 mm.

Next, on a lathe, remove the technological allowance and bore the cavity under the working chamber to a diameter of 105 mm. Now the workpiece must be unfolded and bored with a seat for bearings No. 203. A groove for the sealing collar (if any) is also machined. However, it is known from practice that the design can do without this element.

This concludes the first stage of processing the part. Now you can start drilling the threaded holes for installing the stator cover, nozzle, hopper and bearing assembly cover. At the end of the work, the stator must be heat treated, like the rotor (using the same technology).

In the process of how to make a homemade mill, it is very important in the process of assembling a mini mill to carefully adjust the position of the stator. This is done with bolts. The rotor should rotate easily and without jamming. After that, you can test run the mill. First you need to fix it on a stool, plug it into the network, fill the hopper with grain and turn it on.

How to make a home mill frame

The next item: how to make the third important design detail for a homemade mill - the base plate, or bed. It can be cut from steel sheet 6-8 mm thick. Then you need to attach the stator to it with the help of M6 screws, which will simultaneously fix the pipe. The last element can also be made removable by simply installing it in the hole in the frame, which is made in this case according to the size of the pipe. In this hole, the structural element will hold only due to friction.

The branch pipe is made from a piece of thin-walled pipe with an outer diameter of 28 mm. Its section can be square or round, and in accordance with this, the hole in the frame for it is also made square or round, depending on the diameter of the pipe used.

Next is the loading hopper. This is the simplest part in the overall design according to the manufacturing method. The bunker can be cut out of roofing iron, then the sheet is bent to a given shape and the butt weld is soldered. Roofing iron may well compete in strength and reliability, in this case, with thicker sheet iron. The finished hopper is mounted on the stator and secured with two M6 bolts.

Before you make a grain mill, be sure to consider one important factor. If the rotor rotates in one direction, only one half of the working chamber of the stator is involved. If the rotor rotates in the opposite direction, then the other half of the stator will begin to participate in the work. Since the dimensions and number of protrusions in the working chamber on the right and left are different, the result of grinding products in the first and second cases will be different. Due to this, using one or another option, it will be possible to obtain a greater or lesser degree of grinding of the product at the output. To do this, you just need to change the direction of rotation of the rotor.

Electric equipment for household mini-mill

Even before you make a mini mill, take care of the electrical equipment. As electrical equipment in the design of the mini-mill, a capacitor, a toggle switch and a fuse are used. They are mounted next to the motor on a plate made of dielectric. To reverse the rotor, you just need to switch the capacitor, the capacitance of which is approximately 3.8 microfarads (due to the relatively small load on the motor).

The shafts of the grain crusher and the engine must be aligned. The transmission of rotation will be carried out using a rigid coupling. In the mounting brackets, it is necessary to make guide holes for the M6 ​​bolts so that the alignment of the shafts can be adjusted. In the base plate of the mill in the horizontal plane there should be holes that will be used for moving, and in the vertical plane these same holes should be located on another shelf of the corners.

For finished flour, you only need to substitute a container under the outlet pipe. If everything is done correctly, the mill will work without interruption.

The manufacture of such a structure as a decorative water mill is within the power of anyone who seriously intends to turn their yard into an exquisite and cozy place, causing admiration and aesthetic pleasure. A water wheel rotated by a playful stream, drops of water sparkling in the rays of the sun, you rarely see a sight as amazing, charming and bewitching.

You can watch the water flow forever. It is not only beautiful, but also gives inspiration and peace, life-giving moisture and coolness on a hot summer day. You can get all these pleasant impressions and sensations without spending special money on it by making a water mill with your own hands. For this, only a reservoir and the necessary materials and tools are needed (Fig. 1).

The historical significance of the mill

Figure 1. Tools for making a water mill.

In ancient times, a water or windmill was the most important element economic activity any village. It served for threshing grains into flour, was useful in many other types of industry. The mills worked on the same principle: wheat and other grains were ground by massive millstones, which were set in motion by wind or water flow. After that, the finished product ground into flour was collected in containers and scattered into bags.

Many legends and superstitions were associated with the water mill, and the miller himself was almost associated with a sorcerer who controls the elements with the help of magical powers. And although in our age high technology no witchcraft is needed to create this type of water structure, but it all looks really magical.

Now there is no need to build a mill to get flour, because it is in the store. This simplifies the construction of such a structure, since it is not necessary to design and construct complex millstone mechanisms. It is enough to confine ourselves to a decorative water wheel. It is this that gives the landscape the spirit of centuries-old history and charm so beloved by many. rustic classics(Fig. 2).

The water mill is an integral part of the global cultural heritage, equally inherent in both Western and Eastern civilizations. The mill evokes pleasant and warm associations with the delicious aroma of fresh hot bread, the picturesque view of cozy village huts, and reminds of a long-gone fabulous antiquity. With my own hand touching history is an invaluable pleasure.

Water mill device

Figure 2. A water mill will fit perfectly into the landscape of a rustic-style summer cottage.

The basis of a decorative watermill is a wheel located on the banks of a watercourse, such as a river or stream. The water wheel has blades distributed along the perimeter of the circle at equal distances from each other.

The water flow is fed to the blades using a special chute, which is located above the wheel from above, which leads to its movement. The wheel rotates freely around its axis due to the hinge (Fig. 3).

However, garden plots running water are extremely rare, a natural watercourse is a real luxury.

Even artificial pond not everyone can afford. And the presence of a reservoir for the operation of a decorative mill is necessary condition. Therefore, first of all, you need to make sure that there is a constant source of water on the site. You can serve it up with submersible pump(Fig. 4).

The stylistic concept of the windmill

Figure 3. The principle of operation of a water mill.

The water wheel is a full-fledged decorative object, it can be adjusted to almost any style. Based on personal aesthetic tastes and preferences, the arrangement of a water mill can be done in a different manner. For example, in a magical and fabulous Slavic spirit or in the style of severe medieval Gothic. You can even give it an ultra-modern futuristic design - it all depends on your imagination.

In any case, you need to think over the style of the future structure in advance, not forgetting to take into account not only your desires and fantasies, but also the general design concept of the garden plot, so that the structure fits well into the surrounding landscape without causing aesthetic disharmony. For example, a rough and massive rustic-style windmill will contrast strongly with classical sculptures, luxurious fountains and sophisticated architecture of buildings. And a colorful gazebo in a fabulous style will visually outshine a modest and neat oriental mill.

For different styles landscape design external design mills should be considered separately. For a rustic (country) style, artificially aged wood is excellent as a material for making a wheel, which is ideally combined with log cabins and other wooden structures. A variety of decorative trifles will not interfere: windows, shutters, doors. The Japanese style, on the contrary, implies conciseness and restraint in everything, so the mill should look neat, natural stone is suitable as a construction material.

Construction of a watermill model

Figure 4. Scheme of a submersible pump for a water mill.

Before building a full-sized mill, it is worth considering whether its dimensions correspond to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bavailable space. On standard garden plot, not distinguished by particularly impressive open spaces, a huge structure will look ridiculous and out of place. Instead, it is recommended to assemble a smaller miniature model that will fit perfectly into the design of a not too large yard. Drawing with exact dimensions(in centimeters), on which you can accurately assemble the building, is shown in the diagram (Fig. 5). To build a water mill model, you may need the following materials:

• paving slabs with dimensions of 75x50x5 cm;
• cobblestones for the pavement (gray cubes in the diagram);
• bituminous tiles;
• brass threaded rod;
• aluminum corner;
• bushings, nuts, screws, dowels, nails;
• mounting rails made of wood;
• plywood;
• special glue and protective impregnation for wood.

The following tools will also come in handy:

Figure 5. Drawing of a water mill.

• jigsaw;
• circular saw (grinder);
• hammer, screwdrivers;
• wet sponge;
• pencil.

Stone cubes (bridge cobblestones) are laid in a row along the edges of the pavement slabs, the solution is applied and smoothed from above with a moistened sponge. Wooden slats using an electric jigsaw, they are sawn in accordance with the dimensions, then the supporting structure of the structure, similar to a frame, is formed from them. The joints are glued with wood glue, the corner elements are fastened with a half-tree cut. All wooden assembly elements must be impregnated with a protective solution so that the building can withstand many years of downtime. open sky bathed in rain and snow. The formed frame, supported by braces, is attached to the base with screws. Then the frame windows are filled in pieces shingles, cut with a grinder to the appropriate size and fixed with silicone glue. A pattern of rims is applied to the plywood sheets with a pencil, then they are cut out with an electric jigsaw desired forms details.

Pieces of an aluminum corner cut into equal parts are glued to one of the two rims, imitating water intake blades.

The interval of their placement must match the spokes of the wheel.

Next, you need to make a support for the resulting water wheel. It must have high reliability, therefore, after gluing, it is recommended to strengthen the structure with screws, and drive an aluminum bushing into the axial hole. The wheel should also be carried out carefully and reliably, since the durability of the entire structure depends on its quality.

The axis of the mill is a brass rod, on which a spacer sleeve should be put along with an aluminum tube, which will strengthen the attachment to the wall. Then the previously assembled wheel sits on the axle. The same sleeve is needed to separate the wheel from the support so that there is a gap between them. Then the axis is screwed with a nut, for which the rod must be threaded. The upper half of the mill frame must be sheathed with wooden slats.

In the lower half, wooden corners are attached to the corners with glue. This is necessary for the correct alignment of the details of the building. With a knife, pieces of tiles for the roof are cut out, which are then glued on top of the house.

One of the most beautiful decorative garden buildings is water Mill. You can watch it indefinitely, and the murmur of water soothes and relaxes.

This beauty will bring a lot of pleasure to her owner. An unusual structure will make everyone admire your area.

Self build a decorative mill that will run on water will not be difficult. The main condition for its device, in contrast to, is the obligatory presence of a falling flow, natural or man-made.
Consider manufacturing process simple water mill details.

Water mill device

Details decorative windmills may vary depending on the size of the structure and design, but main elements structures remain unchanged.

1. Paddle wheel(the main part that distills water);
2. gutter(design for water supply to the wheel);
3. Axis and hinges;
4. supportive frame for the wheel (if the mill is with a house, then a support is placed on one side only);
5. Frame a mill (a house next to the wheel) is built if the size of the summer cottage, reservoir or pond, personal time and finances allow.

Important! A building with a real house, which stands next to the wheel, looks more aesthetically pleasing and complete.

Principle of operation

Water goes to the wheel of the mill, rotating his. It flows from the other side.

In the presence of reservoir or pond water will circulate in a circle. It can rise to the top of the wheel with the help of pump.

Materials and tools

The building is made of wood. To create a decorative water mill, you need:

• pencil, pen, marker, compass(for drawings and layout of parts);
• square(right angle ruler), simple long ruler;
• grinding car or sandpaper(medium grit);
• jigsaw(simple or electric), saw;
• screws, nails, screws, bolts and washers of different sizes;
• drill, drill various shapes and thickness;
• screwdrivers(cross and simple) or a screwdriver (electric or cordless);
• meter, measured roulette;
• a hammer.

Necessary quantity of materials determined according to the size of the building. For the mill you will need:

• plywood;
• bars various sizes;
• wooden reiki(they will connect all the walls and the roof of our building);
• bay for wire or other round design (for making a wheel);
• metal kernel threaded, aluminum tube and bushings (for mounting and rotating the wheel);
• for the roof, you can use plywood and any roofing material (for example, tiles);
• material for plating mill housing;
• (for fixing it to the gutter, and also, if necessary, the device of an underground key);
• materials for decoration(tiles, stones, windows, doors, etc.);
• special glue for wooden products;
• impregnation, varnish, enamel for woodwork.

Attention! The calculation of materials must be carried out with a small margin for marriage and unintentional breakdowns.

Site preparation

For construction the buildings the first step is to choose a suitable place and prepare it. The area should be cleared and plan out the location of all parts of the water mill.

The perfect place for the installation of a water mill - shore stream or rivers: running water creates a constant torsional force for the wheel.

But since our mill is decorative, it can be built on any garden plot. The wheel is small enough to function. pond.

If the reservoir is already equipped, then there should be no problems with installing the building. But if you only going arrange a pond, and in it a water mill, then the following tips will come in handy:

• a reservoir with a mill should not be located in places of large clusters trees and bushes;
• place should be good ventilated;
• if the site has uneven places, then it is better to arrange a mill on them;
• it should be taken into account that next to the water mill there will be an increased humidity and wet soil.

Provide water supply on the mill wheel in several ways. Artificial flow device options:

1. Installing the wheel under the chute from drain. The mill will only run when the street is rain. Can be attached to the structure with a hose pump, which will constantly supply water to the gutter. The flow of water coming out of the wheel can be used to others needs;
2. To create a falling stream, you can adapt unevenness of the site (natural alpine hill). At a short distance from the building, it is necessary to create a place collection water, which will be fed through the chute to the wheel;
3. On a flat surface, you can build an artificial alpine hill. To create it, cinder blocks, bricks, large stones or well-compacted earth are used.
   One of the options devices such a slide is installed inside the hose. It is laid with stones, making a decorative underground key. The water from the spring is also fed through a chute to the mill wheel;

An example of installing a water mill next to an artificial one alpine slide can be seen in this video:


4. Installing a pump in a water reservoir(tank, well, well, reservoir, pond, etc.). Under pressure, water through a hose enters the wheel, ensuring its movement. Can be dug at selected location pit for water and dig a tank into it or cover it with a film;
5. Installing a water tank and hose (or gutter) above the level future mill.

Stages of making a water mill

First of all, draw sketch future building. Decide in advance what you will make the water wheel of your mill from, because the house should correspond it is in size, otherwise the design will look ridiculous, or even not be able to function at all.

Most important detail of a water mill - a wheel. For its manufacture, you can use any object of a round shape. It can be:

• bay from wire;
• wheels off bicycle or car;
• plastic wheels from toys;
• plastic pipe with fastened ends and attached blades.

You can make your own wheel solid wood or moisture resistant plywood.

The wheel design consists of two equal by diameter disk or rims, between which the blades are attached.

blades can be made from wood, plywood or aluminum corner. They are glued at regular intervals.

AT Centre finished wheel mounted piece metal tube for axle, with which it will be attached on one side to the mill body, on the other - to support. We assemble the support for the water wheel from the bars.

small house

Next, we make frame water mill. For the base you can use paving slab and stones or make it out of wood, like a house.

Step 1. We cut the slats exactly according to the size of our mill.

Step 2 We collect the frame of the house. Corner joints are made with a half-tree cut.

Step 3 We sheathe the frame with clapboard or rail.

Step 4 We assemble the roof frame.

Step 5 We make roof slopes from plywood, and on top they can be covered with some kind of roofing material. For example, cut mini shingles from shingles.

Step 6 All wooden elements We carefully grind the structures with sandpaper or a grinding machine. It is worth focusing on the ends and side sections.

Impregnation of wooden parts

Impregnation should be done special formulations (Senezh, Belinka and others). They protect the tree from precipitation, various types of fungi and mold, insects.

All details are well worked out protective impregnation because the mill will constantly contact with water. For better protection it is necessary to impregnate in 3-5 layers, allowing each to dry completely.

Attention! Some antiseptics can be toxic and must be handled with care.

Mounting

Collecting all parts of the mill into a single structure.

Install fastening mechanism wheels to the house. To do this, you need to drill a hole in one of the walls, insert it there axis.

One piece aluminum pipe, put on the axle, serves spacer sleeve, the other reinforces the hole in the wall.

The clearance between the wheel and the support required for free rotation, provides another spacer sleeve.

We fix the structure nut, screwed onto the end of the rod.

Eventually it turns out following:

1. Storage tank with water (from which it enters the wheel);
2. Hose or gutter(for water supply);
3. Mill consisting of house and wheels;
4. Place withdrawal water (where it goes after the wheel).

The building will take on a finished look only after decoration house and surrounding area. There are many design options for water mills. Consider the most common of them.

Country

This design is in rustic style. Wooden details predominate.

Next to the mill, you can build a mini-bench from whole log or build log, children's house, wooden decorative trolley with flowers, various wooden figurines.

Many things created by man eventually become unclaimed and then they have only two ways left - they can either sink into oblivion, so to speak, remain in the background of history, or else change their original purpose. If earlier they were exclusively functional devices, then in their new reincarnation they become an excellent decor. The water mill, which will be discussed in this article, is no exception to this rule - together with the site, we will deal with the question of how to make a water mill with our own hands?

How to make a water mill photo

Water mill: device and how it works

By and large, the device of a water mill is by no means complicated - it is mechanics, and simple. In fact, this is a wheel equipped with blades, mounted on a shaft and rotated by a water stream - only then the torque and the energy transmitted by it can be used in different ways, or it may not be used at all. The most important unit of a water mill is undoubtedly the wheel - a lot depends on it, but it will be useless if there is no flow of water. It is this task that needs to be solved first of all, approaching the question of how to make a water mill in the country with your own hands? It’s good when a river or stream flows nearby, but if they don’t exist, then you will have to create the stream yourself and you can do it different ways. Most of them come down to using circulation pump for pumping water from one body of water to another.

To learn how a water mill works, see this video.

There are no other options, as they say. Oh yes, I completely forgot about decorative windmill, whose wheel never rotates at all - this is an excellent decor for a dry stream, but not for a realistic garden decoration.

Mill waterwheel: choose a style

Our designers cannot do without classifications - it is imperative to find all sorts of subtleties in products or decor and, according to them, divide things of the same purpose into groups. The same thing happens with mills - depending on their design and the decor used, they are divided according to style. Of the main stylistic directions in which a water mill can be designed, the following options can be distinguished.

By and large, no one will forbid you to develop your own style, bringing native flavor to it. Strange, of course, but for some reason most people forget about our national traditions, preferring foreign fashion. We should not forget our origins and, most importantly, what should be understood is that the mill in the original Slavic style looks no less attractive than all other products of this type.

How to make a water mill: decor plus functionality

And in our time, a water mill can be found not only decorative application- if desired, it can also carry functional loads. These, of course, are not global tasks that were set before this product in the old days, but nevertheless ... For this, however, some conditions are needed - or rather, just one thing and it consists in the presence of a natural flow of water that does not need to be created artificially, spending for this energy. Here, just the opposite is true - a river or stream flowing through the territory of the cottage or from its edge can generate this energy.

Naturally, this is not a powerful power plant capable of providing electricity to all human needs, but it is quite capable of coping with some loads. For example, illuminate with a water mill country cottage area at night is quite real. All that needs to be done for this is to attach a generator to the mill wheel shaft - even an automobile one that generates a constant electricity with a voltage of 12 volts. Subsequently (if necessary), it can be easily converted to alternating current with a voltage of 12 volts using. Moreover, the energy generated by a water mill can even be stored in batteries and used for your own needs.

Mill water wheel photo

This is not the only opportunity that a device such as a water mill in the country provides a person. In addition to generating electricity, a wheel rotating by a stream of water can be made to do other useful things - by and large, it can power any mechanism. Do not underestimate the power of the water flow - it contains colossal power. No wonder they say that water wears away a stone - with the right design of the wheel, even a seemingly weak stream of water can set in motion complex mechanisms.

And in conclusion, the topic of how a water mill is arranged in a country house, I will say a few words about the main problems, or, more correctly, the difficulties that you will encounter in the process self construction do-it-yourself water mill. First, if we are talking about installing a water wheel on a river, then you will have to take care of permission, which is difficult for local authorities to issue. Secondly, technical difficulties, the most important of which is the easy running of the wheel for a long time. It should not be forgotten that the same bearing should be protected from moisture, which is abundant near water. In principle, technical difficulties are solvable difficulties. And in general, they will not arise if you build an exclusively decorative water mill.

Water Mill

From the pond, a stream of water rushes rapidly along a wooden gutter. Breaking off and falling with noise on the wheel, the water sets it in motion. And behind the wall, in a log barn, a nimble millstone works tirelessly, grinding the grains into white, warm, fragrant flour.

This is a water mill. Over the centuries, Russian craftsmen have created thousands and thousands of them. The builders of water mills in the old days were called "watery people". They were gifted self-taught masters. Many of them were not literate, but had a subtle engineering flair, the talent of mechanical inventors.

With the development of industry, the water wheel began to be used not only for grain processing, but also in other structures, which were also called mills. This was the name of iron-making, sawmilling, paper-making, textile and a number of other enterprises. They appeared later than the flour mill, which was certainly one of the first technical devices vital to humans.

In Russia, industrial enterprises with a water wheel spread quite rapidly. In the 16th century, an iron smelter with a water wheel operated in the area of ​​the Vychegda River (on the Lakhoma River). It set in motion a hammer for forging iron - “females”.

In the 60s of the 16th century, in Ivanteevka near Moscow, a water wheel powered paper-making machines. In 1665, there were mills on the Yauza that pushed gunpowder. A factory near the village of Preobrazhensky produced linen. In the royal estate of Izmailovo, in addition to various other mills, a glass mill appeared. In the time of Peter the Great and later, with the development of metallurgy, mechanical engineering and other industries, many water mills arose on both sides of the Ural "stone belt" and in Siberia.

Sometimes the mills were so close that they interfered with each other's work, because of this, the owners even had disputes and litigation. On old geographical maps mills were shown with cross lines, and many rivers were completely dotted with icons. For example, the Miyaka River in Bashkiria. At the beginning of our century, twelve mills worked on it, and the length of this water ribbon is 25 kilometers. It turns out that each sat through two kilometers. Miyaka flowed into the Dema River, where at the mouth a large flour mill was noisy, equipped with many auxiliary machines. How could one not count thousands of water mills when a person mastered any small river so energetically.

We briefly got acquainted with the history of watermills. To get a more complete picture of them, it is interesting to learn about their device. The design has not changed much over many centuries, its main mechanical elements have remained unshakable. We will consider village mills of the nineteenth century before last.

Wood was the main building material. From it they built a barn, and wheels, and shafts, and all other gear. It should be noted that there were also stone barns, but very rarely. Only a few parts were metal: axles, brackets and fasteners.

According to the device, water mills are divided into whorled(whorls) and wheeled.

whorled mills were the prototype of the modern turbine. They had blades located at an angle on the vertical axis. The flow of water, falling on the blades, forced the axis with the millstone planted on it to rotate. Such mills were usually placed on mountain rivers with a strong flow of water. They were also built with dams. These were one of the first primitive mills.

AT wheel mills the wheel, called by the masters “water”, rotates. Wheel mills come in two main types: top and lower fight.

At top fight the river is flooding. The flow of water is directed along the chute from the pond, falls on the wheel, which has cuvettes around the circumference, and rotates it with its weight. On a river with high drops, as well as in the mountains, a dam is dispensed with.

Water Mill.
1 - gutter; 2 - water wheel; 3 - dry wheel; 4 - lantern wheel; 5 - shelves; 6 - casing of millstones; 7 - millstones; 8 - chute for flour; 9 - shaker dispenser.

At lower battle the river is not dammed up. The water wheel is given blades instead of cuvettes. They are submerged in water and driven by the flow of the river. They tried to put such mills on rivers with a fast current. In order for the mills to work more efficiently, a special dam was sometimes built, the so-called boon. They blocked only part of the river. In the narrowing, the flow gained more speed, and the wheels turned faster. Bun was built on large rivers, where it is difficult to make a full dam, and it was not required. This is how mills were built on the Volkhov, Dvina and other wide rivers. The mills of the lower battlefield were also floating. They were towed along the river, changing jobs. They walked along large rivers - the Dvina, the Dnieper and their tributaries.

The arrangement of wheel mills of all types is largely the same. Chopped from logs barn, covered with a thatched or plank roof. They rarely covered with tin: it is hot in summer and cold in winter. After all, the room has no ceiling, the building is without heating, it is cold.

In half of the barn, at about shoulder height, there is a massive shelves. On it are placed millstone. There are two of them. lower - sunbed and the upper one above it rotating - runner. There is a hole in the middle of it peephole). The millstones are fenced casing.

Installed above the millstones bucket bunker where the grain is placed. To regulate the supply of grain to the millstones, the hopper is equipped with shaker dispenser. This is a shallow oscillating box suspended from the bottom of the bunker. A hole was made in the front wall of the box for the passage of grain.

Grains from the bunker are poured into the shaker, he, swaying, throws portions into the eye of the millstone. The grains fall between the millstones and are ground.

Grinding size depends on the supply of grains to the millstones. Serve a lot - the flour will come out large, a little - it can be ground, “burned”. Flour is ejected through the opening of the shell into the chute and flows down it into chest.

Grinding size it is regulated not only by the inclination of the dispenser, but also by the rise of the millstone runner. After all, the upper millstone does not closely adjoin the lower one. If he pressed his weight on the lower one, he could only move with the greatest force. The runner above the sunbed is in a suspended position. There is a gap between them. It is adjusted by raising and lowering the vertical axis on which the runner sits. The miller, probing the flour, sets the gap between the stones.

As you can see, the dispenser serves important element grinding control. Probably, it was not used in ancient mills. They thought of it and added it later. But when is difficult to determine.

If the shaker-dispenser is set from an inclined position to a horizontal one, then grains will not fall out of it. He will be locked up.

Lock up the dispenser when delimiting grinds. The first owner domalyvaet. The runner gives out the rest of his flour. The next grinder is already pouring his grain into the bunker. But it does not go to the millstones. As soon as Ivan has removed his flour from the chest, you can tilt the dispenser and let Peter grind. In the meantime, the millstones are working idle.

The millstone is spinning from the water wheel by means of a wooden gear (lantern) transmission. Its wheels are placed below, under the flooring of the millstones. A water wheel with a chute is brought outside the barn. This is how the upper battle mill is arranged. In the lower battle, the water wheel can also be located inside the barn. But, as already mentioned, the flour-grinding device for both mills is basically the same.

Depending on the water reserves and the strength of the river, the mills are two sets, that is, with one barn there are two water wheels and two flour-grinding units.

The working surfaces of both millstones have grooves. They go from the center to the edges in the form of radial curves. Thanks to the grooves and their edges - reefs, the grain is ground into flour, and under the action of centrifugal force, it goes into the opening of the shell.

"Forge" a stone- to cut grooves on it is a great art. With the help of a special lift, the miller lifted the runner and turned it over. With uniform blows of the spatula hammer, he carefully, slowly, did the responsible work. As the reefs were smoothed out, the forging of the stone was repeated.

Millstones must be special. They require strength, toughness and porosity. Rarely needed quarries were nearby, and millstones had to be transported many miles away.

As you know, flour that has just been ground by millstones contains bran. This is a torn shell of grain. To separate the bran flour sifted. In order to free the hostess from these troubles, flour was sifted right there in some water mills. Above the flour chest, they attached an inclined line stretched over the frame sieve. With the help of a simple mechanism, the sieve received oscillatory movements from the main shaft. Flour from under the millstones flowed onto a sieve, sifted and went into the flour chest. The bran slipped into a separate box. The sieves at the mills were different - rare and frequent. On a rare sieve, less bran came out, on a frequent sieve - more.

Schematic device of the mill.

Mills with a mechanical sieve appeared a long time ago. Back in 1561, a mill was built in the Solovetsky Monastery, which grinded, sifted flour and separated the bran. Later, this experience may have spread, but water mills with a screening device were still rare even at the beginning of the 20th century.

Varieties of flour, depending on the grinding, were called seedlings, grains, rolling and others. In water mills, where there were sieves, they received seedling. Flour of all grades was produced only on perfect steam mechanical mills. Grain was ground there not only with millstones, but also passed between corrugated metal rollers. Hence the name of the flour - rolling. (Note that millstones are not used at modern flour mills. They were replaced different kind flour mills.)

In the grains intended for grinding, there were those on which the shirt remained after threshing. To clean it from it, the entire batch of grains was passed through a grinder or other machine - "upholstery". The film was knocked off the grains and carried away by the fan. During this operation, the grain was also cleaned of other impurities: grains of earth, adhering dirt and other rubbish.

At the beginning of the 20th century, new machines began to appear in large water mills to improve the condition of grain before grinding. puppeteer, for example, removed cockle grains from wheat, oatmeal oatmeal- grains of wild oats - wild oats.

In addition to wheat, rye, barley, spelt, milled and other grain crops: peas, rice, corn, millet, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, rye for malt. The inventive owner adapted in the mill barn and crowd to push the tow, fuller for felting homespun cloth, and carding drum for wool.

How is the mill stopped? Stop the water supply to the waterwheel. This is done in two ways. The first - water is released into a hatch arranged in the bottom of the gutter coming from the pond. If you open the lid, water will rush into the armhole. The second way, when they want to maintain the level of the pond, is to close the gutter with a valve - as if they are damming it.

A spacious covered barn is attached to the mill building. It housed the wagons and horses of the pilgrims. A small mill yard is bordered by a wide pond and a dense grove of trees - willow, alder, bird cherry. And near the barn, like sentries, there are two or three tall willows.

In the courtyard there is a house, a smithy, a carpenter's shop, a bathhouse, a cattle shed, a garden. The house is divided into two halves. A miller and his family live in one, and a grinding house in the other. There was a grinding and as a separate hut. The porch, architraves and cornice of the house were often decorated with intricate carvings. The mill barn was not bypassed with similar outfits.

In winter, in severe frosts, some mills temporarily stopped. Sometimes a shelter was made over the wheel - a "teplyak" in the form of a straw tent. But that didn't help much. Because some mills were idle, others were imported. We had to wait more than one day, we needed a shelter. In the grinding hut, bunks covered with sackcloth or felt felt stretched along the entire wall. They rested on them. There is also a table and benches. The corner was occupied by a voluminous Russian stove with a cauldron stuck into the furnace. Pomoltsy could cook simple food from flour, zatiruha, salma, potatoes. If desired, it was possible to fish out a fish in the ear from the pond. There is almost always a bucket samovar under steam. On a good stove, you can dry felt boots, footcloths and other clothes.

In the grinding room often accumulated five to eight people. This shelter served as a place of communication for peasants, like small club. People shared news, talked about economic affairs. And sometimes, on long winter evenings, someone will tell a fairy tale or a funny fable. Sometimes they will sing a song together in an undertone.

They built a mill without any drawings. All technical documentation: calculations, details - was kept in the master's memory. Of course, he took the existing mills as a model, but sometimes he had to change something or add a new one. Skill and craftsmanship, of course, required enormous. Although from the sample, it is not so easy to work the water wheel, to distribute evenly around the circumference on the gears the space for the teeth. And all this was made of wood, the main tools were an ax, a saw, a chisel, a drill, an adze, an arshin. Compasses - a cord or rail, at the end with a square. So the circle was outlined. The blacksmith helped the miller. He forged auxiliary parts. It should be noted that industrial water mills were often built according to drawings and projects (“projects”, as they were called then). This is evidenced by the technical literature of the 17th-18th and 19th centuries.

A small flour mill was often set up by three or four people in one season. The dam was made with the simplest improvised means by the whole village. A plot of virgin soil was plowed, and a dam was laid out of the sod. The layer was dense, like a belt, stretched without breaking for several fathoms. They laid it flat and firmly. For fastening, poles, stakes, bundles of brushwood were used. Having started friendly work from early morning, by the evening the river was stopped. Gratitude for such a great service was due only in the form of a plentiful treat, which the miller offered to the peasants.

Some dams were equipped with a lifting shield-gate. He saved from the spring flood. Without such safety device the dam broke in the spring, and it had to be built again.

Dams were built on large rivers with robes. Log cabins with a strong floor were cut from oak logs. Such log boxes - robes - were filled with stones, rubble, boulders, and they sank to the bottom of the river. As they sank into the log house, new crowns were built up and so they led up to the elevation above the water. The corner of the row was placed against the flow of the river. Ice floes broke on it during the ice drift.

As for the productivity of the mills, it depended on the size of the stone and the speed of its rotation. Millstone took a diameter of 50 to 120 centimeters. On low-water rivers, a small runner, and it rotated within 60 revolutions per minute. A river with more water could turn a larger stone, and it made up to 150 revolutions. Depending on this, one setting grinded from one pood (16 kg) to four poods (64 kg) per hour. One mill served two or three villages with a total population of a thousand people. Note that the flour was not only for people, but also for livestock.

In conclusion, I would like to say the following. The watermill is one of the earliest monuments of human knowledge. It also carries elements of technology and architecture, inscribed in the picturesque canvas of nature. The good nurse did not pollute the earth. Crystal water, leaving the pond and circling the wheel, went further than the same transparent.

At present, these sights of material culture have almost disappeared. There are only a few left in our country. As profitable enterprises, they have outlived their time. Water mills died tragically. Spring floods broke through the dam. Often broke and the mill. The pond dried up. The company is empty. There was no point in restoring it for grinding. Restore and preserve as a monument? For this, too, no one undertook. So such rarities disappeared. It seems that if there are still whole mills somewhere, they should be preserved and restored. Now there are still people who know about their device. But there will be no old-timers, eyewitnesses - there will be no one to tell about water mills. Let them be at least one, two in each region. They would become interesting sights, centers of knowledge about the technology and culture of the past.

© "Encyclopedia of Technologies and Methods" Patlakh V.V. 1993-2007