Temperature graph for the supply of coolant 95 70. Norms and optimal values of the coolant temperature
The temperature chart of the heating system is 95 -70 degrees Celsius - this is the most popular temperature chart. By and large, it can be said with certainty that all systems central heating work in this mode. The only exceptions are buildings with autonomous heating.
But even in autonomous systems there may be exceptions when using condensing boilers.
When using boilers operating on the condensation principle, the temperature curves of heating tend to be lower.
Application of condensing boilers
For example, when maximum load for a condensing boiler, there will be a mode of 35-15 degrees. This is due to the fact that the boiler extracts heat from the exhaust gases. In a word, with other parameters, for example, the same 90-70, it will not be able to work effectively.
Distinctive properties of condensing boilers are:
- high efficiency;
- profitability;
- optimal efficiency at minimum load;
- quality of materials;
- high price.
You have heard many times that the efficiency of a condensing boiler is about 108%. Indeed, the manual says the same thing.
But how can this be, because we are still with school desk taught that more than 100% does not happen.
- The thing is that when calculating the efficiency of conventional boilers, exactly 100% is taken as a maximum.
But ordinary ones simply throw flue gases into the atmosphere, and condensing ones utilize part of the outgoing heat. The latter will go to heating in the future. - The heat that will be utilized and used in the second round and added to the efficiency of the boiler. Typically, a condensing boiler utilizes up to 15% of flue gases, this figure is adjusted to the efficiency of the boiler (approximately 93%). The result is a number of 108%.
- Undoubtedly, heat recovery is necessary thing, but the boiler itself for such work costs a lot of money.
The high price of the boiler due to stainless heat exchange equipment, which utilizes heat in the last path of the chimney. - If instead of such stainless equipment you put ordinary iron equipment, then it will become unusable after a very short period of time. Since the moisture contained in the flue gases has aggressive properties.
- The main feature of condensing boilers is that they achieve maximum efficiency with minimum loads.
Conventional boilers (), on the contrary, reach the peak of economy at maximum load. - The beauty of it useful property is that during the entire heating period, the load on heating is not always maximum.
On the strength of 5-6 days, an ordinary boiler works at maximum. Therefore, a conventional boiler cannot match the performance of a condensing boiler, which has maximum performance at minimum loads.
You can see a photo of such a boiler a little higher, and a video with its operation can be easily found on the Internet.
conventional heating system
It is safe to say that the heating temperature schedule of 95 - 70 is the most in demand.
This is explained by the fact that all houses that receive heat from central heat sources are designed to work in this mode. And we have more than 90% of such houses.
The principle of operation of such heat production occurs in several stages:
- heat source (district boiler house), produces water heating;
- heated water, through the main and distribution networks, moves to consumers;
- in the home of consumers, most often in the basement, through elevator unit hot water is mixed with water from the heating system, the so-called return, the temperature of which is not more than 70 degrees, and then heated to a temperature of 95 degrees;
- further heated water (the one that is 95 degrees) passes through the heaters of the heating system, heats the premises and again returns to the elevator.
Advice. If you have a cooperative house or a society of co-owners of houses, then you can set up the elevator with your own hands, but this requires you to strictly follow the instructions and correctly calculate the throttle washer.
Poor heating system
Very often we hear that people's heating does not work well and their rooms are cold.
There can be many reasons for this, the most common are:
- the temperature schedule of the heating system is not observed, the elevator may be incorrectly calculated;
- the house heating system is heavily polluted, which greatly impairs the passage of water through the risers;
- fuzzy heating radiators;
- unauthorized change of the heating system;
- poor thermal insulation of walls and windows.
A common mistake is an incorrectly dimensioned elevator nozzle. As a result, the function of mixing water and the operation of the entire elevator as a whole is disrupted.
This could happen for several reasons:
- negligence and lack of training of operating personnel;
- incorrectly performed calculations in the technical department.
During many years of operation of heating systems, people rarely think about the need to clean their heating systems. By and large, this applies to buildings that were built during the Soviet Union.
All heating systems must undergo a hydropneumatic flush before each heating season. But this is observed only on paper, since ZhEKs and other organizations carry out these works only on paper.
As a result, the walls of the risers become clogged, and the latter become smaller in diameter, which violates the hydraulics of the entire heating system as a whole. The amount of transmitted heat decreases, that is, someone simply does not have enough of it.
You can do hydropneumatic purge with your own hands, it is enough to have a compressor and a desire.
The same applies to cleaning radiators. Over many years of operation, radiators inside accumulate a lot of dirt, silt and other defects. Periodically, at least once every three years, they need to be disconnected and washed.
Dirty radiators greatly impair the heat output in your room.
The most common moment is an unauthorized change and redevelopment of heating systems. When replacing old metal pipes with metal-plastic ones, diameters are not observed. And sometimes various bends are added, which increases local resistance and worsens the quality of heating.
Very often, with such unauthorized reconstruction, the number of radiator sections also changes. And really, why not give yourself more sections? But in the end, your housemate, who lives after you, will receive less of the heat he needs for heating. And the last neighbor, who will receive less heat the most, will suffer the most.
An important role is played by the thermal resistance of building envelopes, windows and doors. As statistics show, up to 60% of heat can escape through them.
Elevator node
As we said above, all water-jet elevators are designed to mix water from the supply line of heating networks into the return line of the heating system. Thanks to this process, system circulation and pressure are created.
As for the material used for their manufacture, both cast iron and steel are used.
Consider the principle of operation of the elevator in the photo below.
Through branch pipe 1, water from heating networks passes through the ejector nozzle and enters the mixing chamber 3 at high speed. There, water from the return of the building's heating system is mixed with it, the latter is supplied through branch pipe 5.
The resulting water is sent to the heating system supply through diffuser 4.
In order for the elevator to function correctly, it is necessary that its neck be correctly selected. To do this, calculations are made using the formula below:
Where ΔРnas is the design circulation pressure in the heating system, Pa;
Gcm - water consumption in the heating system kg / h.
For your information!
True, for such a calculation, you need a building heating scheme.
Most city apartments are connected to the central heating network. The main source of heat in major cities usually are boiler houses and CHP. A coolant is used to provide heat in the house. Typically, this is water. It is heated to a certain temperature and fed into the heating system. But the temperature in the heating system can be different and is related to the temperature indicators of the outside air.
To effectively provide city apartments with heat, regulation is necessary. The temperature chart helps to observe the set heating mode. What is the heating temperature chart, what types of it are, where is it used and how to compile it - the article will tell about all this.
Under the temperature graph is understood a graph that shows the required mode of water temperature in the heat supply system, depending on the level of outdoor temperature. Most often the schedule temperature regime heating is determined for central heating. According to this schedule, heat is supplied to city apartments and other objects that are used by people. This schedule allows optimum temperature and save resources on heating.
When is a temperature chart needed?
In addition to central heating, the schedule is widely used in domestic autonomous heating systems. In addition to the need to adjust the temperature in the room, the schedule is also used to provide for safety measures during the operation of domestic heating systems. This is especially true for those who install the system. Since the choice of equipment parameters for heating an apartment directly depends on the temperature graph.
Based on the climatic features and the temperature schedule of the region, a boiler and heating pipes are selected. The power of the radiator, the length of the system and the number of sections also depend on the temperature established by the standard. After all, the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment should be within the standard. ABOUT technical specifications cast iron radiators can be read.
What are temperature charts?
Graphs may vary. The standard for the temperature of the apartment heating batteries depends on the option chosen.
The choice of a specific schedule depends on:
- climate of the region;
- boiler room equipment;
- technical and economic indicators heating system.
Allocate schedules of one- and two-pipe heat supply systems.
Designate the heating temperature graph with two digits. For example, the temperature graph for heating 95-70 is deciphered as follows. For supporting desired temperature air in the apartment, the coolant must enter the system with a temperature of +95 degrees, and exit - with a temperature of +70 degrees. Typically, this chart is used for autonomous heating. All old houses with a height of up to 10 floors are designed for heating schedule 95 70. But, if the house has a large number of storeys, then the heating temperature chart of 130 70 is more suitable.
IN modern new buildings when calculating heating systems, the schedule 90-70 or 80-60 is most often adopted. True, another option may be approved at the discretion of the designer. The lower the air temperature, the coolant must have a higher temperature when entering the heating system. The temperature schedule is chosen, as a rule, when designing the heating system of a building.
Features of scheduling
The temperature graph indicators are developed based on the capabilities of the heating system, the heating boiler, and temperature fluctuations in the street. By creating a temperature balance, you can use the system more carefully, which means it will last much longer. Indeed, depending on the materials of the pipes, the fuel used, not all devices are always able to withstand sudden temperature changes.
When choosing the optimal temperature, they are usually guided by the following factors:
It should be noted that the temperature of the water in the central heating batteries should be such that it will warm the building well. Different standards have been developed for different rooms. For example, for a residential apartment, the air temperature should not be less than +18 degrees. In kindergartens and hospitals, this figure is higher: +21 degrees.
When the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment is low and does not allow the room to warm up to +18 degrees, the owner of the apartment has the right to contact the utility service to increase the efficiency of heating.
Since the temperature in the room depends on the season and climatic features, the temperature standard for heating batteries may be different. Heating of water in the heat supply system of the building can vary from +30 to +90 degrees. When the temperature of the water in the heating system is above +90 degrees, then decomposition begins paintwork, dust. Therefore, it is forbidden to heat the coolant above this mark. sanitary standards.
It must be said that the calculated outdoor air temperature for heating design depends on the diameter of the distributing pipelines, the size of the heating devices and the coolant flow in the heating system. There is a special table of heating temperatures that facilitates the calculation of the schedule.
The optimum temperature in the heating batteries, the norms of which are set according to the heating temperature chart, allows you to create comfortable conditions residence. More details about bimetallic radiators heating can be found.
The temperature schedule is set for each heating system.
Thanks to him, the temperature in the home is maintained at an optimal level. Graphs may vary. Many factors are taken into account in their development. Any schedule before being put into practice needs approval from the authorized institution of the city.
Today, the most common heating systems in the Federation are those operating on water. The temperature of the water in the batteries directly depends on the indicators of the air temperature outside, that is, on the street, in a certain period of time. A corresponding schedule has also been legally approved, according to which responsible specialists temperatures are calculated taking into account local weather conditions and the source of heat supply.
The graphs of the coolant temperature depending on the outside temperature are developed taking into account the support of the mandatory temperature conditions in the room, those that are considered optimal and comfortable for the average person.
The colder it is outside, the higher the level of heat loss. For this reason, it is important to know which indicators are applicable when calculating the desired indicators. You don't need to calculate anything yourself. All figures are approved by the relevant normative documents. They are based on the average temperatures of the five coldest days of the year. The period of the last fifty years is also taken, with the selection of the eight coldest winters for a given time.
Thanks to such calculations, it is possible to prepare for low temperatures winter, occurring at least once every few years. In turn, this allows you to significantly save when creating a heating system.
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Additional influencing factors
The coolant temperatures themselves are also directly affected by such no less significant factors as:
- Lowering the temperature on the street, which entails a similar indoor;
- Wind speed - the higher it is, the greater the heat loss through front door, window;
- Tightness of walls and joints (installation plastic windows and insulation of facades significantly affects the preservation of heat).
Recently, there have been some changes in building codes. For this reason construction companies often carry out thermal insulation work not only on facades apartment buildings, but also in basements, foundation, roof, roofing. Accordingly, the cost of such construction projects increases. At the same time, it is important to know that the costs of insulation are very significant, but on the other hand, this is a guarantee of heat savings and reduced heating costs.
For their part, construction companies understand that the costs incurred by them for the insulation of objects will be fully and soon paid off. It is also beneficial for the owners, since utility bills are very high, and if you pay, then it is really for the received and stored heat, and not for its loss due to insufficient insulation of the premises.
Temperature in the radiator
However, no matter what the weather conditions are outside and how insulated it is, the most important role is still played by the heat transfer of the radiator. Typically, in central heating systems, temperatures range from 70 to 90 degrees. However, it is important to take into account the fact that this criterion is not the only one in order to have the desired temperature regime, especially in residential premises, where temperatures in each individual room should not be the same, depending on the purpose.
So, for example, in corner rooms there should not be less than 20 degrees, while in others 18 degrees are allowed. In addition, if the temperature outside drops to -30, the established norms for rooms should be two degrees higher.
Those rooms that are intended for children should have a temperature limit of 18 to 23 degrees, depending on what they are intended for. So in the pool it cannot be less than 30 degrees, and on the veranda it must be at least 12 degrees.
Talking about school educational institution, there should not be below 21 degrees, and in the boarding school bedroom - at least 16 degrees. For a cultural mass institution, the norm is from 16 degrees to 21, and for a library - no more than 18 degrees.
What affects battery temperature?
In addition to the heat transfer of the coolant and the temperatures outside, the heat in the room also depends on the activity of people inside. The more movements a person makes, the lower the temperature can be and vice versa. This must also be taken into account when distributing heat. As an example, you can take any sports institution where people are a priori in active movement. It is not advisable to maintain high temperatures here, as this will cause discomfort. Accordingly, an indicator of 18 degrees is optimal.
It can be noted that the thermal performance of batteries inside any premises is affected not only outdoor temperature air and wind speed, but also:
Approved schedules
Since the temperature outside has a direct impact on the heat inside the premises, a special temperature chart has been approved.
| Temperature readings outside | Inlet water, °C | Water in the heating system, °С | Outlet water, °С |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 °C | from 51 to 52 | 42-45 | from 34 to 40 |
| 7 °С | from 51 to 55 | 44-47 | from 35 to 41 |
| 6 °С | from 53 to 57 | 45-49 | from 36 to 46 |
| 5 °C | from 55 to 59 | 47-50 | from 37 to 44 |
| 4 °С | from 57 to 61 | 48-52 | from 38 to 45 |
| 3 °С | from 59 to 64 | 50-54 | from 39 to 47 |
| 2 °C | from 61 to 66 | 51-56 | from 40 to 48 |
| 1 °C | from 63 to 69 | 53-57 | from 41 to 50 |
| 0 °C | from 65 to 71 | 55-59 | from 42 to 51 |
| -1 °C | from 67 to 73 | 56-61 | from 43 to 52 |
| -2 °C | from 69 to 76 | 58-62 | from 44 to 54 |
| -3 °C | from 71 to 78 | 59-64 | from 45 to 55 |
| -4 °C | from 73 to 80 | 61-66 | from 45 to 56 |
| -5 °C | from 75 to 82 | 62-67 | from 46 to 57 |
| -6 °С | from 77 to 85 | 64-69 | from 47 to 59 |
| -7 °С | from 79 to 87 | 65-71 | from 48 to 62 |
| -8 °С | from 80 to 89 | 66-72 | from 49 to 61 |
| -9 °С | from 82 to 92 | 66-72 | from 49 to 63 |
| -10 °С | from 86 to 94 | 69-75 | from 50 to 64 |
| -11 °С | from 86 to 96 | 71-77 | from 51 to 65 |
| -12 °C | from 88 to 98 | 72-79 | from 59 to 66 |
| -13 °С | from 90 to 101 | 74-80 | from 53 to 68 |
| -14 °C | from 92 to 103 | 75-82 | from 54 to 69 |
| -15 °C | from 93 to 105 | 76-83 | from 54 to 70 |
| -16 °C | from 95 to 107 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -17 °C | from 97 to 109 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -18 °C | from 99 to 112 | 81-88 | from 56 to 74 |
| -19 °С | from 101 to 114 | 82-90 | from 57 to 75 |
| -20 °C | from 102 to 116 | 83-91 | from 58 to 76 |
| -21 °С | from 104 to 118 | 85-93 | from 59 to 77 |
| -22 °С | from 106 to 120 | 88-94 | from 59 to 78 |
| -23 °C | from 108 to 123 | 87-96 | from 60 to 80 |
| -24 °С | from 109 to 125 | 89-97 | from 61 to 81 |
| -25 °С | from 112 to 128 | 90-98 | from 62 to 82 |
| -26 °C | from 112 to 128 | 91-99 | from 62 to 83 |
| -27 °С | from 114 to 130 | 92-101 | from 63 to 84 |
| -28 °С | from 116 to 134 | 94-103 | from 64 to 86 |
| -29 °С | from 118 to 136 | 96-105 | from 64 to 87 |
| -30 °C | from 120 to 138 | 97-106 | from 67 to 88 |
| -31 °С | from 122 to 140 | 98-108 | from 66 to 89 |
| -32 °С | from 123 to 142 | 100-109 | from 66 to 93 |
| -33 °C | from 125 to 144 | 101-111 | from 67 to 91 |
| -34 °C | from 127 to 146 | 102-112 | from 68 to 92 |
| -35 °С | from 129 to 149 | 104-114 | from 69 to 94 |
What is also important to know?
Thanks to tabular data, it does not special work learn about the temperature indicators of water in central heating systems. The required part of the coolant is measured with an ordinary thermometer at the moment when the system is lowered. Identified inconsistencies in actual temperatures established standards is the basis for the recalculation of utility bills. General house meters for accounting for heat energy have become very relevant today.
The responsibility for the temperature of the water that is heated in the heating main lies with the local CHP or boiler house. Transportation of thermal carriers and minimal losses are assigned to the organization serving heating network. Serves and adjusts the elevator unit of the housing department or the management company.
It is important to know that the diameter of the elevator nozzle itself must be coordinated with the public heating network. All questions regarding low room temperature must be resolved with the governing body apartment building or other immovable object in question. The duty of these bodies is to provide citizens with minimum sanitary temperature standards.
Norms in living quarters
In order to understand when it is really relevant to apply for recalculation of payment for a utility service and require the adoption of any measures to provide heat, it is necessary to know the norms of heat in residential premises. These norms are fully regulated by Russian legislation.
So in the warm season, living quarters are not heated and the norms for them are 22-25 degrees Celsius. In cold weather, the following indicators apply:
However, do not forget about common sense. For example, bedrooms must be ventilated, they should not be too hot, but it cannot be cold either. The temperature regime in the children's room should be regulated according to the age of the child. For babies, this is the upper limit. As they grow older, the bar decreases to the lower limits.
The heat in the bathroom also depends on the humidity of the room. If the room is poorly ventilated, there is a high water content in the air, and this creates a feeling of dampness and may not be safe for the health of residents.
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The normative water temperature in the heating system depends on the air temperature. Therefore, the temperature schedule for the supply of coolant to the heating system is calculated in accordance with weather conditions. In the article we will talk about the requirements of SNiP for the operation of the heating system for objects for various purposes.
from the article you will learn:
In order to economically and rationally use energy resources in the heating system, the heat supply is tied to the air temperature. The dependence of the water temperature in the pipes and the air outside the window is displayed as a graph. The main task of such calculations is to maintain comfortable conditions for residents in apartments. For this, the air temperature should be about + 20 ... + 22ºС.
The temperature of the coolant in the heating system
The stronger the frost, the faster the living quarters heated from the inside lose heat. To compensate for the increased heat loss, the temperature of the water in the heating system increases.
In the calculations, a standard temperature indicator is used. It is calculated according to a special methodology and entered into the governing documentation. This figure is based on the average temperature of the 5 coldest days of the year. The calculation is based on the 8 coldest winters over a 50-year period.
Why is the drawing up of a temperature schedule for the supply of coolant to the heating system happening in this way? The main thing here is to be ready for the most severe frosts that happen every few years. Climatic conditions in a particular region can change over several decades. This will be taken into account when recalculating the schedule.
The value of the average daily temperature is also important for calculating the margin of safety of heating systems. When understanding ultimate load it is possible to accurately calculate the characteristics of the required pipelines, stop valves and other elements. This saves on the creation of communications. Given the scale of construction for urban heating systems, the amount of savings will be quite large.
The temperature in the apartment directly depends on how much the coolant is heated in the pipes. In addition, other factors also matter here:
- air temperature outside the window;
- wind speed. With strong wind loads, heat losses through doorways and windows increase;
- the quality of sealing joints on the walls, as well as the general condition of the decoration and insulation of the facade.
Building codes change as technology advances. This is reflected, among other things, in the indicators in the graph of the coolant temperature depending on the outside temperature. If the premises retain heat better, then energy resources can be spent less.
Developers in modern conditions more carefully approach the thermal insulation of facades, foundations, basements and roofs. This increases the value of objects. However, along with the growth of construction costs are reduced. The overpayment at the construction stage pays off over time and gives good savings.
The heating of the premises is directly affected not even by how hot the water in the pipes is. The main thing here is the temperature of the heating radiators. It is usually in the range of + 70 ... + 90ºС.
Several factors affect battery heating.
1. Air temperature.
2. Features of the heating system. The indicator indicated in the temperature chart for supplying coolant to the heating system depends on its type. IN single pipe systems heating of water up to + 105ºС is considered normal. Two-pipe heating due to better circulation gives a higher heat transfer. This allows you to reduce the temperature to + 95ºС. Moreover, if at the inlet the water needs to be heated, respectively, to + 105ºС and + 95ºС, then at the outlet its temperature in both cases should be at the level of + 70ºС.
So that the coolant does not boil when heated above + 100ºС, it is supplied to the pipelines under pressure. Theoretically, it can be quite high. This should provide a large supply of heat. However, in practice, not all networks allow water to be supplied under high pressure due to their deterioration. As a result, the temperature drops and severe frosts there may be a shortage of heat in apartments and other heated rooms.
3. The direction of the water supply to the radiators. At the top wiring, the difference is 2ºС, at the bottom - 3ºС.
4. Type of heaters used. Radiators and convectors differ in the amount of heat they give off, which means that they must work in different temperature conditions. Radiators have better heat transfer performance.
At the same time, the amount of heat released is affected, among other things, by the temperature of the outdoor air. It is she who is the determining factor in the temperature schedule for supplying coolant to the heating system.
When the water temperature is +95ºС, we are talking about the coolant at the entrance to the dwelling. Given the heat loss during transportation, the boiler room should heat it much more.
In order to supply water of the required temperature to the heating pipes in apartments, special equipment is installed in the basement. It mixes hot water from the boiler room with the one that comes from the return.
Temperature chart for supplying coolant to the heating system
The graph shows what the water temperature should be at the entrance to the dwelling and at the exit from it, depending on the street temperature.
The presented table will help to easily determine the degree of heating of the coolant in the central heating system.
|
Temperature indicators of air outside, ° С |
Temperature indicators of water at the inlet, ° С |
Temperature indicators of water in the heating system, ° С |
Temperature indicators of water after the heating system, ° С |
|||
Representatives of utilities and resource-supplying organizations measure the water temperature using a thermometer. The 5th and 6th columns indicate the figures for the pipeline through which the hot coolant is supplied. 7 column - for the return.
The first three columns indicate elevated temperatures - these are indicators for heat generating organizations. These figures are given without taking into account heat losses that occur during the transportation of the coolant.
The temperature schedule for supplying coolant to the heating system is needed not only by resource-supplying organizations. If the actual temperature differs from the standard one, consumers have reasons to recalculate the cost of the service. In their complaints, they indicate how warm the air in the apartments is. This is the easiest parameter to measure. Inspecting authorities can already track the temperature of the coolant, and if it does not comply with the schedule, force the resource supplying organization to perform its duties.
A reason for complaints appears if the air in the apartment cools below the following values:
- in corner rooms daytime- below +20ºС;
- in the central rooms in the daytime - below + 18ºС;
- in corner rooms at night - below +17ºС;
- in the central rooms at night - below +15ºС.
SNiP
Requirements for the operation of heating systems are fixed in SNiP 41-01-2003. Much attention in this document is given to security issues. In the case of heating, a heated coolant carries a potential danger, which is why its temperature for residential and public buildings is limited. It, as a rule, does not exceed + 95ºС.
If the water in the internal pipelines of the heating system is heated above + 100ºС, then the following safety measures are provided for at such facilities:
- heating pipes are laid in special mines. In the event of a breakthrough, the coolant will remain in these reinforced channels and will not be a source of danger to people;
- pipelines in high-rise buildings have special structural elements or devices that do not allow water to boil.
If the building has heating made of polymer pipes, then the temperature of the coolant should not exceed + 90ºС.
We have already mentioned above that in addition to the temperature schedule for supplying coolant to the heating system, responsible organizations need to monitor how hot the accessible elements of heating devices are. These rules are also given in SNiP. Permissible temperatures vary depending on the purpose of the room.
First of all, everything here is determined by the same security rules. For example, in children's and medical institutions, the permissible temperatures are minimal. In public places and at various production facilities, there are usually no special restrictions for them.
Surface of heating radiators general rules should not be heated above +90ºС. If this figure is exceeded, Negative consequences. They consist, first of all, in the burning of paint on batteries, as well as in the combustion of dust in the air. This fills the indoor atmosphere with substances harmful to health. In addition, there may be harm to appearance heating appliances.
Another issue is safety in rooms with hot radiators. According to the general rules, it is supposed to protect heating devices, the surface temperature of which is above + 75ºС. Usually, lattice fences are used for this. They do not interfere with air circulation. At the same time, SNiP provides for mandatory protection of radiators in children's institutions.
In accordance with SNiP, the maximum temperature of the coolant varies depending on the purpose of the room. It is determined both by the characteristics of the heating of different buildings, and by security considerations. For example, in hospitals allowable temperature water in the pipes is the lowest. It is + 85ºС.
The maximum heated coolant (up to +150ºС) can be supplied to the following facilities:
- lobbies;
- heated pedestrian crossings;
- landings;
- premises technical purpose;
- industrial buildings, in which there are no aerosols and dust prone to ignition.
The temperature schedule for supplying coolant to the heating system according to SNiP is used only in the cold season. In the warm season, the document in question normalizes the microclimate parameters only in terms of ventilation and air conditioning.
For supporting comfortable temperature in the house during the heating period, it is necessary to control the temperature of the coolant in the pipes of heating networks. Employees of the central heating system of residential premises are developing special temperature chart, which depends on weather indicators, climatic features of the region. The temperature chart may differ in different settlements, it can also change during the modernization of heating networks.
A schedule is drawn up in the heating network for simple principle- the lower the temperature outside, the higher it should be at the coolant.
This ratio is important basis for work enterprises that provide the city with heat.
For the calculation, an indicator was used, which is based on average daily temperature the five coldest days of the year.
ATTENTION! Compliance with the temperature regime is important not only for maintaining heat in an apartment building. It also allows you to make the consumption of energy resources in the heating system economical, rational.
The graph, which indicates the temperature of the coolant depending on the outside temperature, allows you to distribute not only heat, but also hot water among the consumers of an apartment building in the most optimal way.
How is heat regulated in the heating system
Heat regulation in an apartment building during the heating period can be carried out in two ways:
- By changing the flow rate of water at a certain constant temperature. This is a quantitative method.
- The change in the temperature of the coolant at a constant flow rate. This is a quality method.
Economical and practical is second option, at which the temperature regime in the room is observed regardless of the weather. Sufficient heat supply to apartment house will be stable, even if there is a sharp temperature drop outside.
ATTENTION!. The norm is the temperature of 20-22 degrees in the apartment. If the temperature charts are observed, this norm is maintained throughout the heating period, regardless of weather conditions, wind direction.
When the temperature indicator on the street decreases, data is transmitted to the boiler room and the degree of the coolant automatically increases.
A specific table of the ratio of outdoor temperature and coolant depends on factors such as climate, boiler room equipment, technical and economic indicators.
Reasons for using a temperature chart
The basis for the operation of each boiler house serving residential, administrative and other buildings during the heating period is the temperature chart, which indicates the standards for the coolant indicators, depending on what the actual outside temperature is.
- Drawing up a schedule makes it possible to prepare the heating for a decrease in the temperature outside.
- It is also energy saving.
ATTENTION! In order to control the temperature of the heat carrier and be eligible for recalculation due to non-compliance with the thermal regime, the heat sensor must be installed in the central heating system. Meters must be checked annually.
Modern construction companies can increase the cost of housing through the use of expensive energy-saving technologies in the construction of multi-apartment buildings.
Despite the change construction technologies, the use of new materials for the insulation of walls and other surfaces of the building, compliance with the temperature of the coolant in the heating system is the best way to maintain comfortable living conditions.
Features of calculating the internal temperature in different rooms
The rules provide for maintaining the temperature for living quarters at 18˚С, but there are some nuances in this matter.
- For angular rooms residential building coolant must provide a temperature of 20 ° C.
- Optimum temperature indicator for the bathroom - 25˚С.
- It is important to know how many degrees should be according to the standards in rooms intended for children. Indicator set from 18˚С to 23˚С. If this is a children's pool, you need to maintain the temperature at 30 ° C.
- Minimum temperature allowed in schools - 21˚С.
- In institutions where mass cultural events are held according to the standards, maximum temperature 21˚С, but the indicator should not fall below the figure 16˚С.
To increase the temperature in the premises during a sharp cold snap or a strong north wind, the boiler house workers increase the degree of energy supply for heating networks.
The heat transfer of the batteries is affected by the outside temperature, the type of heating system, the direction of the flow of the coolant, the state of the utility networks, the type of heater, the role of which can be played by both a radiator and a convector.
ATTENTION! The temperature delta between the supply to the radiator and the return should not be significant. Otherwise, a large difference in the coolant in different rooms and even apartment buildings.
The main factor, however, is the weather., which is why measuring outdoor air to maintain a temperature graph is a top priority.
If it is cold outside up to 20˚С, the coolant in the radiator should have an indicator of 67-77˚С, while the norm for the return is 70˚С.
If the street temperature is zero, the norm for the coolant is 40-45˚С, and for the return - 35-38˚С. It should be noted that the temperature difference between supply and return is not large.
Why does the consumer need to know the norms for the supply of coolant?
Payment utilities in the heating column should depend on what temperature the supplier provides in the apartment.
Table of the temperature graph, according to which optimal performance boiler, shows at what temperature of the environment and by how much the boiler room should increase the degree of energy for heat sources in the house.
IMPORTANT! If the parameters of the temperature schedule are not observed, the consumer may demand a recalculation for utilities.
To measure the coolant indicator, it is necessary to drain some water from the radiator and check its degree of heat. Also successfully used thermal sensors, heat meters that can be installed at home.
The sensor is a mandatory equipment for both city boiler houses and ITPs (individual heating points).
Without such devices, it is impossible to make the operation of the heating system economical and productive. Coolant measurement is also carried out in hot water systems.
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