Installed power for lighting temporary buildings. Temporary power supply of a construction site: purpose, consumers, methods for calculating the maximum load and selection of sources, laying schemes

Power supply is intended for power supply of power and technological consumers, internal and external lighting of construction sites, construction sites installation work and inventory buildings.

Sequence of power supply calculation construction site includes: determination of consumers of electricity, selection of sources of electricity and calculation of their power, drawing up a working scheme for the power supply of a construction site.

The main consumers of electricity at the construction site are construction machines, mechanisms and installations of the construction site or inventory buildings.

The total rated power of their electric motors will be:

where is the power of the electric motor i th machine, mechanism, installation, inventory building, kW.

Technological processes (thawing of soil, electric heating of concrete, etc.). Power consumption for technological processes:

where is the power consumption j-th technological process, kW.

Lighting devices and devices for indoor lighting, the total power of which will be:

where is power k

Lighting devices and devices for outdoor lighting of objects and territories, the total power of which is:

where is power l-th lighting device or installation, kW.

Welding transformers, the power of which is:

where is the power of the m-th welding transformer, kW.

The general indicator of the required power for the construction site will be:

where a is the coefficient of power loss in networks, depending on their length, cross section, etc. (equal to 1.06);

cos j 1 - power factor for a group of power consumers of electric motors (equal to 0.7);

cos j 2 - power factor for technological consumers (equal to 0.8);

K 1 - coefficient of simultaneous operation of electric motors (up to 5 pcs. - 0.6);

K 2 - the same, for technological consumers (taken equal to 0.4);

K 3 - the same, for indoor lighting (equal to 0.8);

K 4 - the same, for outdoor lighting (equal to 0.9);

To 5 - the same for welding transformers(up to 3 pieces - 0.8).

We summarize the calculations of individual capacities in table 4.13.

Table 4.13 - Calculation of temporary power supply

Name of consumers	unit of measurement	Quantity	Specific power per unit. measurements, kW	Coefficient K i	Power factor cosφ	Transformer power, kW
Cars
Tower crane KB-403B.3	1 kW		55,000	0,6	0,7	23,100
Interior lighting
Domestic premises	m 2	148,2	0,015	0,8	1,0	1,778
Restrooms and showers	m 2	129,7	0,003	0,8	1,0	0,311
Warehouses closed	m 2	72,0	0,015	0,8	1,0	0,864
Sheds	m 2	45,0	0,003	0,8	1,0	0,108
Outdoor Lighting
Construction area	100 m2	176,55	0,015	0,9	1,0	2,38
Open storage areas	m 2	576,0	0,050	0,9	1,0	25,92
Main roads	km	0,42	5,000	0,9	1,0	1,89
Installation sites	100 m2	9,55	0,300	0,9	1,0	2,58
Emergency (in places where the crane works)	km	0,07	3,500	0,9	1,0	0,22
Welding transformer TM-25	1 kVA	2,00	25,00	0,8	1,0	40,00
R tr	99,15

The maximum power consumed by the construction site is determined by the formula:

where is the coefficient of coincidence of load maxima, equal to 0.85 by .

Then according to the formula (4.27):

For the power supply of the construction site, we accept a mobile transformer substation KTPM - 100 with a capacity of 100 kVA and dimensions of 3x5 m.

The number of spotlights is determined by the formula (4.28):

where R beats - specific power, W / m 2;

S is the area of ​​the illuminated territory, m 2; (S=176.55 m2)

R l - the power of the searchlight lamp, W. ( for spotlight lamps PZS-45)

Specific power is determined by the formula:

4. Square open warehouses- 576 m²;

5. The area of ​​closed warehouses and sheds - 72 m²;

6. Shed area - 45 m²;

7. The length of temporary roads - 420 m.p.;

8. The length of the temporary power grid - 733.1 m.p.;

9. Length of time water supply network- 28.8 m.p.;

10. The length of the temporary sewer network - 18.2 m.p.;

11. The length of the heating network of the network - 18.2 m.p;

12. The length of temporary fences - 541.6 m.p.;

13. Construction coefficient -0.05;

5. Calculation of temporary power supply.

The initial data for the organization of temporary power supply are the types, volumes and timing of construction and installation work, types construction machines and mechanisms, the area of ​​temporary buildings and structures, the length of roads, the area of ​​the construction site, shift work.

Power supply design is carried out as follows:

consumers and their capacities are identified,

the required power of the transformer is determined,

electrical circuit is designed.

Required power for technical needs is determined by the type and duration of technological processes that consume electricity.

External and internal lighting of the construction site is carried out in accordance with the norms of illumination of the construction site sections and the work performed.

Estimated transformer power, kW, with simultaneous consumption of electricity by all sources is determined by the formula:

P \u003d 1.1 * (S ((Rc * K1) / Cosj) + S ((Rt * K2) / Cosj) + S (Rov * K3) + S (Ron * K3))

1.1 - coefficient taking into account power losses in the network Рс - power power of the machine, installation Рt - required power for technological needs Ров - required power required for indoor lighting Ron - required power required for outdoor lighting К1, К2, КЗ, К4 - demand factors, depending on the number of consumers cos f - power factor, depending on the nature, number and load of consumers with power energy.

Table 5 Calculation of the need for temporary power supply

Name of consumers	Unit meas.	Qty		Specific powerful per unit rev.			Demand factor, kc	Power factor cosj		Transformer, power, kV*A
Power electricity
concrete pump	PCS.	1		17			0,5	0,6		14,16
Excavator	PCS.	1		80			0,5	0,6		66,66
tower crane	PCS.	1		71			0,5	0,7		50,7
Mast lift	PCS.	1		5			0,3	0,7		2,14
Electric welding machine	PCS.	1		15			0,5	0,4		18,75
Electric tamper	PCS.	1		1			0,1	0,4		0,25
Airbrush	PCS.	1		0,5			0,1	0,4		0,125
Vibrators	PCS.	1		40			0,5	0,6		33,33
										S=186.115
Technological needs
Transformer electrical heating of the soil	m3		1400		15	0,65			0,7		19,5
											S=19.5
Interior lighting
Foreman, everyday life. premises	m2	195,2		0,015			0,8	1		2,34
Showers and latrines	m2	45,8		0,003			0,8	1		0,11
Warehouses closed	m2	11,2		0,015			0,35	1		0,0588
Sheds	m2.	363		0,003			0,35	1		0,381
										S=2.89
Outdoor Lighting
Construction area	100m2	92,24		0,015			1	1		1,3836
Warehouses open	100m2	3,962		0,05			1	1		0, 1981
Main roads and driveways	km	0, 204		5,0			1	1		1,02
Emergency lighting	km	0, 204		3,5			1	1		0,714
										S=3.3157
TOTAL:										211,821

The total transformer power is:

P \u003d 1.1 (186.115 + 19.5 + 2.89 + 3.3157) \u003d 233.003 kV * A

We select the type of transformer: inventory (PTIP).

Recommended reading

1. Afanasiev V.A. Flow organization of construction. L.: Stroyizdat, 1990.303 p.

2. Dikman L.G. Organization and planning construction industry: Textbook for construction universities and faculties. 3rd ed., Revised. and additional M.: Higher. school, 1988.553 p.

3. Dai T.N. Organization of building production: Textbook for universities. M.: Publishing House of ASV, 1999.432 p.

4. Organization of construction industry: a Builder's Handbook / Ed.V. V. Shakhnaronova. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1987.460 p.

5. Reconstruction and overhaul Residential and Public Buildings: Handbook of the Producer of Works /V L. Volson, V.A. Ilyashenko, R.G. Komi-sarchik. M.: Sgroyizdagg, 1999.252 p.

6. Determination of volumes construction works: Handbook. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1991.63 p.

7. Formation and optimization of object flows on a computer: Method, instructions for the implementation of the course and diploma project / SPbGASU; Comp. V.F. Alexandrova. SPb., 1999.7 p.

8. Determination of execution duration certain types construction and installation works: Method, instructions / LISI; Comp. G.V. Zamyatin, L.M. Kolchedantsevu. L., 1990.24s.

9. SNiP 11.01-95. Instructions on the procedure for development, approval, approval and composition project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures / Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, M .: GP TsPP, 1995.13s.

10. SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production / Gosstroy RF. M., 1995.55 p.

11. SNiP 1.04.03-85*. Standards for the duration of construction and groundwork in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures / Gosstroy of the Russian Federation. M.: Stroyizdat, 1991.552s.

12. SNiP III.4-80*. Safety in construction / Gosstroy RF, SE TsPP.M., 2000.88 p.

13. SNiP 12.03-99. Labor safety in construction / Gosstroy RF, SE TsPP.M., 1999.56 p.

14. ENiR. A common part. Moscow: Price list, 1987.37 p.

15. Design calendar plans construction of objects: guidelines. Aleksandrova V.F., Larionova V.M. / SPbGASU - SPb, 2000

With the use of scheduling and control systems, ratifies the most optimal intra-corporate project management standards. Integration of the EMS with other components of corporate information systems The successful functioning of the construction management system, based on the use of software tools for scheduling and control, significantly depends on...

... – light sandy loam, development difficulty group II. 1.3 Characteristics of soils along the route As a result of the analysis of the longitudinal profile, the types of soil found in the construction area of ​​the road section are determined, and their main physical and mechanical indicators are determined - optimal moisture content, category according to the difficulty of development, suitability of soils for the construction of subgrade. This data is provided in...

The procedure for designing temporary power supply is as follows.

Having initial information about consumers (the number of machines and mechanisms, the power they consume; the range of works that require electricity; the number and types of lighting fixtures and the power they consume), they calculate the electrical load, according to which the number and power of transformer substations are determined. Further, transformer substations, power and lighting networks, inventory electrical devices are located on the construction plan; draw up a power supply plan.

Electricity is consumed:

For production needs

technological needs;

household needs;

· Outdoor Lighting.

Calculation of electricity consumption by types of consumers is recommended to be made in tabular form.

Table 7 - Calculation of power output

Table 8 - Calculation of power consumption for interior lighting

Consumer	Specific power per 1 m 2 area, W	Consumer area, m 2	Total power consumption, W
Shower car
closed warehouse
Checkpoint and rooms for heating and rest of workers
dining car
Wardrobe car
R about in \u003d 4647.6 W

Table 9 - Calculation of power consumption for outdoor lighting

Based on the obtained power values ​​by types of consumers, the load is calculated according to the installed total power of consumers and demand factors differentiated by types of consumers. The calculation is made according to the formula

where b is a coefficient that takes into account losses in the network depending on the length, section, etc. (take b = 1.05-1.1); cos c - power factors depending on the type of consumer; K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 - demand coefficients depending on the number of consumers (cos c and K 1-4 are taken according to Appendix H);

K 1 R s - power of power consumers, kW;

K 2 P t - power for technological needs, kW;

K 3 R s - power of internal lighting devices, kW;

K 4 R he - the power of the outdoor lighting device, kW.

Р р in the considered example is determined:

P p \u003d 1.1 * (+ + + 0.8 * 4.647 + 1 * 24.42) \u003d 145.5 kW;

According to the obtained value, we select the transformer substation SKTP-180/10/6/0.4/0.23 with a capacity of 180 kV.

The next stage of the calculation is the design of the lighting of the construction site. Lighting of construction sites is carried out by spotlights with incandescent lamps with a power of up to 1.5 kW, installed in groups of 3, 4 or more, as well as lighting fixtures for lighting workplaces. To install light sources, use the available building construction, stationary and inventory masts, supports, portable racks. To improve the efficiency of the lighting system, power sources should be placed in compliance with certain rules: with a width of more than 150 m - searchlights with incandescent lamps and lighting with xenon lamps of higher power;

· with the width of the sites more than 300 m - lighting devices with halogen or xenon lamps of higher power;

The installation height of the devices is assumed to be maximum, if possible at the level of the roof of the building under construction;

· the distance between floodlights should not exceed four times the height of their installation;

· The luminous flux should be directed in two or three directions. The calculation of the number of spotlights is carried out according to the formula

n \u003d p x E x S / P l,

where p is the specific power (see Appendix B); E - illumination, lux (see Appendix B); S is the area to be illuminated; Рl is the power of the searchlight lamp.

a) for security lighting with an area to be illuminated: n \u003d 7 pcs, we accept for placement on the construction plan a PES-35 spotlight with a lamp power of 200 W;

b) to illuminate production sites concrete work S \u003d 180 m 2, n \u003d 4 pcs, we accept PES-35 spotlights with a lamp power of 200 W for placement on the building plan.

Electricity at the construction site is consumed to power the machines, i.e. production needs, for outdoor and indoor lighting and for technological needs. The calculation of electricity consumption must be performed on the day of its maximum consumption according to the calendar schedule.

The total required power of transformers required to provide electricity to the construction site should be determined by the formula:

a- coefficient taking into account power losses in the low-voltage network ( a = 1.05);

cos phi- power factor (Appendix 16);

R with- power capacity of the machine or installation, kW (Appendix 17);

P t- required power for technological needs, kW (Appendix 17);

P ov- required power required for indoor lighting, kW (Appendix 18);

k 1 ,k 2 ,k 3 ,k 4 - demand coefficients depending on the number of consumers (Appendix 16).

The power capacity of machines and installations should be taken according to the table "Statements of the need for construction machines", and the required power for technological periods - according to the technological map. The area of ​​​​internal lighting should be taken according to Table. 11, outdoor - determined by the building plan. Standards for the need for electricity for indoor and outdoor lighting are taken according to Appendix 18.

The calculation of the need for construction in electricity must be made according to Table. 12.

Table 12. Sheet for calculating electricity consumption

According to the required power of the transformer, it is necessary to select the source of power supply for the construction site (Appendix 19), indicate the place of its installation and connection to the permanent network.

Example.

Electricity at the construction site is consumed to power the machines, i.e. production needs, for outdoor and indoor lighting and for technological needs.

The total power required for the construction site is determined by the formula:

- required power of the energy source or transformer, kW.

- coefficient taking into account power losses in the network /
/

- power of individual machines and installations, kW / Appendix 17 /.

- power required for the production of certain types of construction and installation works, kW.

- power required for indoor lighting

- power required for outdoor lighting

,
,
- demand power factors, depending on the nature of the load and the number of consumers and the degree of their load.

- coefficient depending on the nature of the load and the number of consumers.

Production capacity

For technological needs, we use a welding transformer STE-24 with a power of 54 kW.

Name of consumers			per unit, kW	Total power, kW
1. Indoor lighting
pro-slave
workshop
household premises
closed warehouses and sheds
2. Outdoor lighting
stone work sites
road lighting
outdoor warehouse lighting
Construction site lighting

Total maximum power

We accept a power transformer type TM-100/6 with a power of 100 kW, the maximum voltage is 6.3 kV.

3.9.5 Calculation of artificial security lighting of the construction site

The number of fixtures for artificial lighting should be selected depending on the illuminated area and the power of incandescent lamps.

The number of fixtures (spotlights) should be calculated using the formula:

, where

E- rated illumination in lux (Appendix 18);

k- safety factor equal to 1.5;

S- illuminated area, m 2;

F- luminous flux of incandescent lamps (Appendix 20);

n- efficiency spotlights (0.35-0.38);

v- coefficient of use of the luminous flux (when illuminated

large areas 0.9 small - 0.7-0.8);

z- coefficient of illumination unevenness (0.75).

Types of luminaires and their technical characteristics can be determined from Appendix 21.

3.9.6 Organization of the construction site and construction economy

When developing the graphic part of the building plan, you should use the design standards given in Appendices 22-25. The following sequence of development of the graphic part of the construction plan is recommended:

draw on the selected scale the building under construction and the nearby permanent buildings and structures; outline the routes of permanent roads and engineering communications (scale 1:500 - 1:1000);

place construction cranes and hoists near the building under construction, outline the ways of their movement; determine the work zones of cranes and lifts and dangerous zones for finding people (Appendix 22);

tie temporary access roads, taking into account the coverage area of ​​construction cranes;

in the immediate vicinity of the access roads in the zone of operation of cranes, place open storage areas, install sheds and closed warehouses; organize sites for pre-assembly of structures;

arrange inventory administrative and sanitary temporary buildings, industrial premises on the site of the construction site outside the coverage area of ​​cranes at a distance from workplaces no further, m: dressing rooms, washrooms, showers - 500, rooms for heating workers - 150, latrines - 100, drinking installations - 75. Food points should be located no closer than 25 m from toilets, cesspools, garbage collectors. Indicate the ways of entrance and approach to temporary buildings;

lay out the routes of temporary networks of power supply and electric lighting, water supply, telephone installation and dispatch communications, connect them to consumption sources (Appendices 24, 25);

taking into account the completed studies, determine the boundaries of the territory of the construction site and its limitation.

The construction plan should indicate the places for receiving bins with mortar and concrete, the installation of fire shields, stands for performance indicators and information, the placement of visual propaganda on safe work and fire fighting equipment, the points of connection of temporary networks to permanent ones.

All elements of the temporary construction facilities (roads, communications, fences, machines and mechanisms, etc.) on the construction plan should be shown with symbols with their decoding in Table. 13 (according to Appendix 26).

Table 13. Conventions

The explanatory note in this section should justify the decisions made on the placement of temporary facilities and structures at the construction site, taking into account the rules of safety, labor protection and fire safety. It is also necessary to describe the construction of a temporary road, if necessary, to calculate the connection of crane runways for a tower crane and penetration and parking areas for a mobile crane, calculate the radius of the dangerous zone of the crane and other calculations.

It is necessary to describe the required safety measures when organizing a construction site and carrying out construction in accordance with SNiP III-4-80** "Safety in Construction".

It should indicate the requirements for fencing the site and hazardous areas, organizing runoff from the surface, arranging intersections of roads and railways, warehousing and storing materials and structures, observing fire prevention measures (installation of hydrants, fire shields, spare tanks). The places of passages and driveways in hazardous areas, visual agitation on labor safety and fire fighting equipment are indicated.

3.9.7 Designing a preparatory work schedule

These include cutting the vegetation layer of the soil, leveling the construction site, installing temporary buildings and structures, fencing the construction site, laying roads, power supply networks and other types of work that must be completed before the start of the main construction period (see section 3.9 of these guidelines).

With reference to the provisions of DBN 3.01.01-85 "Organization of construction production", the explanatory note describes the work on the preparation of construction production and the sequence of their implementation, highlights on-site work performed during the preparatory period.

The work schedule of the preparatory period must be built on the basis of a certain range and scope of work and aggregated norms of labor costs for the installation of temporary structures.

The range and scope of work should be determined according to previously performed calculations (Tables 10, 11) and measurements on the construction plan (length of roads, water and power supply networks, fences, storage areas, temporary buildings and structures, etc.). The calculation and design of the schedule must be performed in tabular form (Table 15).

Table 15. Work schedule of the preparatory period

Name			labor costs,			Continuing-resident-
Site vertical layout
Electrical cable laying
Low voltage overhead line device
The device of a transformer substation
Spotlight installation
Interior lighting device
Plumbing from steel pipes
Construction of temporary roads
Installation of temporary buildings
Installation wooden fence
Canopy device
Sewer laying

3.9.8 Calculation of technical and economic indicators

The technical and economic indicators of the construction plan should include:

area of ​​​​stroygenpan, m 2 (F sgp.);

building area, m 2 (F s,);

warehouse area, m 2 (F sk,);

area of ​​temporary buildings, m 2 (F time);

area of ​​roads and sites, m 2 (F d);

indicator of compactness of the building plan: k 1 = F h /F sgp ;

territory use indicator:

Literature

DBN A.3.1-5-96. Organization of construction production. - Kyiv, 1996.

DBN D.2.2-99 Resource elemental estimated norms of Ukraine for construction work. - Kyiv, 2000.

SNiP 1.04.03-85. Standards for the duration of construction and groundwork in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. Gosstroy of the USSR, Gosplan of the USSR. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. - 522 p.

Dikman L.G. Organization and planning of construction production. M.: Higher school, 1988. - 559 p.

Designing the organization of industrial construction. Quick Reference / E.P. Uvarov, S.I. Umansky, M.S. Rosenfeld, G.I. Apyshkov. / - K. Budivelnik, 1984. - 128 p.

Shakhporonov V.V. Organization of construction production. Builder's Handbook. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. - 450 p.

Shreiber A.K. Organization and planning of construction production. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. - 368 p.

Engineering preparation of construction production / T.N. Tsai, B.F. Shirshikov and others - M: Stroyizdat, 1990.-352 p.

Sukachev I.A. "Organization, planning and management of agricultural construction" - Moscow stroyizdat 1989.

Tsai T.N., Grobovoy P.G. etc. Organization of construction production - Moscow, Publishing house of the association of construction universities, 1999 - 430p.

Pobozhny V.A. and others. Calculation and optimization of construction network schedules - Moscow, Publishing House of the Association of Construction Universities, 2001 - 240p.

Annex 1

Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine

Lugansk National Agrarian University

Department of Technology and Organization

construction industry

The calculation consists in determining the power of the step-down transformer substation 380 / 220 W. The power input will include the operation of the engines of all machines (cranes, hoists, welders etc.), all technological processes associated with the consumption of electricity (electric heating of concrete, soil, etc.) and lighting (external and internal). Power consumption is determined taking into account the unevenness and heterogeneity of consumption.

In each passage to the building, a distribution board is installed and electricity is supplied to it. Illumination of the entire construction site is carried out with the help of floodlights, which stand along the perimeter of the site at a distance of 20-30 m from each other.

The initial data for the organization of power supply are the types, volumes and terms of construction and installation works, types of construction machines and mechanisms, the area of ​​the construction site and the shift of work.

Estimated transformer power, kV∙A, with simultaneous consumption of electricity by all sources and is determined by the formula:

where 1.1 is the coefficient taking into account power losses in the network; R c is the power output of the machine or installation, kW; R c - power consumption for technological needs, kW; R ov - power consumption. Required for outdoor lighting, kW; R he - power consumption required for outdoor lighting, kW; k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , k 4 - demand coefficients depending on the number of consumers; cos φ - power factor, depending on the nature, number and load of consumers with power energy.

The calculation of the need for temporary power supply is given in the table below.

Table "Calculation of the need for temporary power supply"

Name of consumers	Unit rev.	Qty	Specific power per unit. meas., kW	Demand coefficient, Ks	Power factor, CosCh	Transformer power, kVA
Power electricity
tower crane	PCS.			0,5	0,7	35,71
Electric welding machines	PCS.			0,5	0,4	75,00
Total	110,71
Interior lighting
Foreman, household premises	M 2	220,65	0,015	0,8		2,65
Showers and latrines	M 2		0,003	0,8		0,13
Warehouses closed	M 2		0,015	0,35		0,14
Sheds	M 2	55,0	0,003	0,35		0,05
Total	2,97
Outdoor Lighting
Construction areas	100 m2	127,5	0,015			1,91
Emergency lighting	km		3,5
Total	141,91
Total 255.59

2.5. Construction site water supply

The initial data for determining the need for water are the accepted methods of production and organization of construction and installation works, their volumes and deadlines.

Water at the construction site is used for industrial, household needs, as well as in case of fire extinguishing.

Water supply networks pass outside the site, water is taken from the nearest well and pulled up to the entrance to the site. Hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm are installed every 40–50 m.

The calculation of the need for temporary water supply is completed by finding the diameter of the input of a temporary water supply to the construction site.

Sources of water supply for construction sites can be city networks or networks of industrial enterprises.

Table "Calculation of the need for temporary water supply"

Types of water consumption	Unit rev.	Qty	Specific water consumption, l	Coefficient of uneven consumption	Duration of water consumption	Water consumption, l/s
Production needs
Plaster work	M 2	7,89		1,5		0,002
Painting works	M 2	14,78	0,5	1,5		0,000
Tree planting	1 PC.	10,00		1,5		0,521
concrete preparation	M 3	45,03		1,5		0,586
Total	1,11
Household needs
Household and drinking needs	Pers.					0,19
Shower installations	Pers.				0,75	1,75
Total	1,94
fire fighting targets
Construction site area, up to 50 ha	ha
Total
Total	22,79

The water consumption for a permanent supply to the building is calculated according to the following formula:

The water consumption for a temporary supply to the building is calculated according to the following formula:

The diameter of the constant pressure water supply network, mm, is determined by the formula:

V- jet speed equal to 2 l / s

The diameter of the temporary pressure water supply network, mm, is determined by the formula:

V- jet speed equal to 1 l / s