August is a hot time not only for schools that are preparing for new students, but also for parents. Think everything, buy everything, organize everything. Today we will talk about how to choose the right desk for the future student

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The choice of a desk, which is obvious, is not only a matter of the design of the children's room, but also a matter of the child's health, because he will have to spend more than one hour of his time over the lessons for many years.

At the same time, parents should remember that an uncomfortable desk can easily lead a child to an unwillingness to sit at it, and, accordingly, to an unwillingness to study.

Studies conducted in several schools in Russia showed that more than 50% junior schoolchildren experience discomfort and even pain when using inappropriate furniture. This is caused by a mismatch between the size of the furniture and the body of the child.

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A survey of children showed that in classes with improper furniture, about 40-60% of the respondents feel tired by the end of the lesson, while in classes where the furniture is chosen correctly, children do not get tired even by the end of the last lesson.

Due to an incorrectly selected desk, children develop an incorrect posture and the spine is bent, and this, as you know, is irreversible consequences.

The market offers big variety desks for the home, how, among others, to find your “right” one?

1. The desk must be adjustable

It must be adjusted at least twice per academic year depending on your child's growth rate.

Often parents buy either a chair that is too high, which prevents the child from putting their feet on the floor, or a desk that is too low / high, which does not fit growth and is bought, as it were, “for growth”.

You can't do this! The correct ratio of the height of the child with the height of the desk and chair(in mm) according to GOST 5994-93:

Child height/working plane height

1000 -1150/ 460
1150 -1300 / 520
1300 -1450 / 580
1450 -1600 / 640

When a child sits on a chair that is properly adjusted for height, lower the desk top to the height of the elbow of the child's freely hanging arms.

Shoulders should not tense up. If you put your hands on the desk, your elbows should be bent at an angle of 90 degrees.

There is a so-called rule of "three corners": the knees under the table form one right angle, the line of the hips and back - the second, and the arms bent at the elbow joint - the third.

When writing, sitting properly means keeping your head slightly tilted forward. In this case, the distance from the notebook to the head should be large enough - 35-40 cm.

Shoulders should be at the same level, and both elbows should lie on the table top. The chair must be placed so that its edge extends 2-4 cm beyond the table top. Both feet must be on the floor so that the shins are at right angles to the hips.

With such a landing, the body has enough points and areas of support, there is no fatigue from prolonged sitting and no curvature of the spine occurs.

While reading, the landing can be more free in the sense that, if desired, the feet can be pushed forward and the support on the back of the chair is increased, you can lean back a little, but also only on condition that the edge of the chair goes beyond the table top.

Last Rule must always be respected, whether you sit at your desk during class or at the table while eating. Only this mutual arrangement table and chair allows you not to slouch, it is good to see what is being written or viewed on the table.

2. The depth of the table must be at least 50 cm

3. The desk must have an adjustable tabletop

The tabletop should be adjustable so that when performing various tasks, the angle of its inclination can change.

A slight angle of inclination (7-12 degrees) is suitable for writing. For reading and drawing, the slope of the tabletop will have to be increased.

Khomchik Aleksey Vladimirovich, traumatologist-orthopedist of the orthopedic department of the 17th City Children's Clinical Polyclinic:

It is very important to be able to adjust the angle of the tabletop, depending on the type of activity. In order for the look at the work surface to fall under right angle. After all, in children, unlike adults, the distance to the eyes when writing is much less.

Therefore, the notebook should be close to the eyes, and not vice versa. Otherwise, it leads to slouching, back pain, headaches or other complications. Recommended settings for children's tables: drawing 0 - 5°; letter 7-12°; reading 30°.

4. The material must be environmentally friendly and safe. Feel free to ask the seller about the availability of a quality certificate.

5. Desk design should suit not only you, but also your child, because it is he who will have to use it every day.

6. The desk should not occupy the main part of the room. It's impractical. Try to choose the most rational option based on the size of the children's room.

7. The desk must be stable and reliable.

When choosing a school desk for a student, it is worth remembering that an improperly organized workplace- Another condition that provokes a violation of posture.

Khomchik Aleksey Vladimirovich, traumatologist-orthopedist of the orthopedic department of the 17th City Children's Clinical Polyclinic:

Unfortunately, posture disorders and scoliosis in school-age children are becoming more common. The alarm is also caused by the fact that these diseases are “getting younger”. It is not uncommon to find scoliosis of the 2nd degree in children aged 5-7 years, which is a severe pathology for this age. The main causes of posture disorders, in my opinion, are incorrect sitting posture and a sedentary lifestyle.

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Now children prefer to spend time at a computer, tablet, phone, and not play football, volleyball and other outdoor games with their peers on the street. As a result, there is no adequate development of the muscles, a sufficient “muscle corset” is not formed, which, in turn, leads to a curvature of the spine.

And by what criteria did you choose a table for a schoolboy?

School: basic, secondary general education

Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189 (as amended on December 25, 2013) "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions "

V. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions.

5.1. The number of jobs for students should not exceed the capacity of the general educational organization provided for by the project according to which the building was built (reconstructed).

Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his height.

5.2. Depending on the purpose of the classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: school desks, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Student furniture must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children and meet the growth and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.

5.3. The main type of student furniture for students of the 1st stage of education should be a school desk, provided with a tilt regulator for the surface of the working plane. During the teaching of writing and reading, the slope of the working surface of the plane of the school desk should be 7–15?. The front edge of the seat surface should go beyond the front edge of the working plane of the desk by 4 cm at the desks of the 1st number, by 5-6 cm - by the 2nd and 3rd numbers and by 7-8 cm at the desks of the 4th number.

The dimensions of the educational furniture, depending on the height of the students, must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in Table 1.

Table 1.

Furniture dimensions and markings

Combined use allowed different types student furniture (desks, desks).

Depending on the height group, the height above the floor of the front edge of the desk top facing the student should have the following values: with a body length of 1150-1300 mm - 750 mm, 1300-1450 mm - 850 mm and 1450-1600 mm - 950 mm. The tilt angle of the tabletop is - 15-172.

The duration of continuous work at the desk for students of the first stage of education should not exceed 7–10 minutes, and for students P-Sh steps education - 15 minutes.

5.4. To select educational furniture according to the growth of students, it is made color coding, which is applied to the visible side outer surface table and chair in the form of a circle or stripes.

5.5. Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with hearing impairments, desks should be placed in the front row.

Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, colds, should be seated further from outer wall.

At least twice during the academic year, students sitting on the outer rows, rows 1 and 3 (with a three-row arrangement of desks), change places without violating the correspondence of the furniture to their height.

In order to prevent violations of posture, it is necessary to cultivate the correct working posture for students from the first days of attending classes in accordance with the recommendations of Annex 1 of these sanitary rules.

5.6. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances in centimeters are observed:

• between rows of double tables - at least 60;
• between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50 - 70;
• between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50;
• from the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is external - 100;
• from the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;
• from the first desk to the training board - at least 240;
• the greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;
• the height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor - 70 - 90;

The distance from the blackboard to the first row of tables in the classrooms of a square or transverse configuration with a four-row arrangement of furniture is at least 300;

The angle of visibility of the board from the edge of the board 3.0 m long to the middle of the extreme place of the student at the front table must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II-III levels of education and at least 45 degrees for students of the I level of education.

The most distant place of employment from the windows should not be more than 6.0 m.

In educational institutions of the first climatic region, the distance of tables (desks) from the outer wall must be at least 1.0 m.

When installing desks in addition to the main student furniture, they are placed behind the last row of tables or the first row from the wall opposite the light-bearing one, in compliance with the requirements for the size of the passages and the distances between the equipment.

This arrangement of furniture does not apply to classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards. ---- par. 15 p. 5.6 excluded

In newly built buildings educational organizations it is necessary to provide for a rectangular configuration of classrooms and classrooms with the location of student tables along the windows and left-hand natural lighting.

5.7. Chalkboards (using chalk) should be made of materials that adhere well to writing materials, clean well with a damp sponge, be durable, dark green in color and anti-reflective.

Blackboards should have trays for holding chalk dust, storing chalk, rags, and a holder for drawing supplies.

When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones blue and green).

It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards that meet hygiene requirements. When using an interactive whiteboard and a projection screen, it is necessary to ensure its uniform illumination and the absence of bright spots of light.

5.8. Physics and chemistry classrooms should be equipped with special demonstration tables. To ensure better visibility of educational visual aids, the demonstration table is installed on the podium. Student and demonstration tables must be resistant to aggressive chemical substances cover and protective edges along the outer edge of the table.

The chemistry cabinet and the laboratory assistant are equipped with fume hoods.

5.9. The equipment of informatics classrooms must comply with hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work.

5.10. Workshops for labor training should have an area of ​​6.0 m2 per 1 workplace. Placement in the workshops of equipment is carried out taking into account the creation favorable conditions for visual work and maintaining the correct working posture.

Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches, placed either at an angle of 450 to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-bearing wall so that the light falls on the left. The distance between the workbenches must be at least 0.8 m in the front-rear direction.

In locksmith workshops, both left-handed and right-handed lighting is allowed with a perpendicular arrangement of workbenches to the light-bearing wall. The distance between the rows of single workbenches should be at least 1.0 m, double - 1.5 m. The vise is attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Locksmith workbenches must be equipped with a safety net, 0.65 - 0.7 m high.

Drilling, grinding and other machines should be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glass and local lighting.

Carpentry and locksmith workbenches should be appropriate for the height of students and equipped with footrests.

The dimensions of the tools used for carpentry and plumbing work must correspond to the age and height of the students (of these sanitary rules).

Locksmith and carpentry workshops and cabinets for maintenance work are equipped with washbasins with cold and hot water, electric towels or paper towels.

5.11. In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational organizations in the classrooms of home economics, it is necessary to provide for the presence of at least two rooms: for teaching cooking skills and for cutting and sewing.

5.12. In the home economics classroom used for teaching cooking skills, it is planned to install two-slot sinks with cold and hot water supply with a mixer, at least 2 tables with hygienic coating, a refrigerator, an electric stove and a cupboard for storing dishes. Approved detergents for washing tableware must be provided near sinks.

5.13. The home economics cabinet, used for cutting and sewing, is equipped with tables for drawing patterns and cutting, sewing machines.

Sewing machines are installed along windows to ensure left-hand natural light on the work surface sewing machine or opposite a window for direct (front) natural light to the work surface.

5.14. In the existing buildings of general educational organizations, in the presence of one home economics office, a separate place is provided for placing an electric stove, cutting tables, a sink for dishes and a washbasin.

5.15. Labor training workshops and home economics cabinet, Sport halls must be equipped with first aid kits.

5.16. The equipment of classrooms intended for artistic creativity, choreography and music must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education children.

5.17. In the playrooms, furniture, games and sports equipment should correspond to the growth data of students. Furniture should be placed around the perimeter game room, thereby freeing up the maximum part of the area for outdoor games.

Using upholstered furniture it is necessary to have removable covers (at least two), with their obligatory replacement at least once a month and as they get dirty. Special cabinets are installed for storing toys and manuals.

Televisions are installed on special cabinets at a height of 1.0-1.3 m from the floor. When watching TV programs, the placement of spectator seats should ensure a distance of at least 2 m from the screen to the eyes of students.

5.18. Bedrooms for first-graders attending an extended day group should be separate for boys and girls. They are equipped with teenage (size 1600X 700 mm) or built-in single-tier beds. The beds in the bedrooms are arranged in compliance with the minimum gaps: from the outer walls - at least 0.6 m, from heaters - 0.2 m, the width of the passage between the beds - at least 1.1 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3-0.4 m.

The right table and chair for homework

The correct position when sitting for a child is a condition for developing posture and maintaining health. education, especially in primary school, is a load, stress for the body. Therefore, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for learning. How to choose the right furniture for a child?

Gorgeous ergonomic writing desk Direct 1200 M, complete with computer extensions

Desk for schoolchildren COMSTEP-01/BB is the simplicity of design and comfortable position of the child

The transforming table can be used for a very long time, it allows you to adjust the height of the legs, as well as the tilt of the tabletop

Correct posture

Children's orthopedic table Conductor-03/Milk&B, which allows you to adjust the height of the table and the angle of the table top

Adopted and the rules for the location of the child.

The moll Champion transforming children's desk is a wonderful table for a small schoolchild

Width and Depth

We select the height children's table and a chair according to height

However, it's not just the height of the table that matters. The width of the table and the depth of the working surface of the chair are important. The tabletop should be wide enough to leave at least 10 cm of space for the child's forearms after placing the necessary accessories.

The right workplace for the student, allowing you to maintain good posture and vision of the child

The depth should be such that when the child's back touches the back of the chair, his legs do not touch the seat. In practice, this is at least 0.3 meters. BUT optimum width stool is considered a value equal to 2/3 of the surface of the thigh.

Growing school desk DEMI is suitable for schoolchildren lower grades and for high school students

For writing and drawing, do not deviate forward more than 15 °. It is impossible for the person sitting to touch the surface of the table with his chest - this is 100% evidence that the height is chosen incorrectly.

Correct and incorrect position when the child is sitting at the workplace

For different types of activities, the table top needs to be tilted at a certain angle.

Buying for growth

Children's table Mealux BD-205 with Stabilus lift, with which you can easily adjust the height of the tabletop

Not every family can afford to make frequent purchases - children grow up quickly. Many people buy children's furniture for 5-6 years of study. How to place the seated person in this case?

Wooden adjustable table and chair

The way out is to buy the appropriate chair.

School desks with adjustable chairs

Comfortable chair, the height of which is adjusted as the child grows

In order for the child's legs to have normal support, a special stand is purchased or made independently, taking up to 30% of the space. It can be made both permanently installed near the table and portable. In the latter case, 2-3 people can comfortably use it. As the student's height increases, the stand is simply removed.

Table for a child for study and other activities with a high chair according to the age of the child

The best option for a table "for growth" is an adjustable model. The value changes in increments of 5–6 centimeters, so you can choose the parameters for any height. The table, made of high quality materials, will serve the entire period of study.

The growing table allows you to adjust the height of the table and the angle of the tabletop, depending on the height and type of activity

PC placement

Convenient correct computer table for classes and games

When the child goes to school, he will have to spend a lot of time at home. An orthopedic desk for a student will become great solution to organize a comfortable workplace. The main requirements for it are minimal harm to health and maximum convenience. If you follow these rules, you will provide all the conditions for good academic performance and prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which, unfortunately, are often found in childhood.

Do I need a desk for a student at home

Many parents, when organizing a workplace for a child, prefer an ordinary desk, but often this comes out sideways - due to improperly selected sizes and configuration of furniture, the student is forced to be in an uncomfortable position, which leads to the development of scoliosis, fatigue and other problems.

Orthopedic desks for children are designed to solve this problem. Today, the so-called growing transforming desks are especially popular, the height of which can be adjusted as the child grows. The angle of the tabletop is also adjustable, which is very convenient during classes. various types activities.

Despite the fact that such models are quite expensive compared to conventional desks, parents are spared the need to change furniture when the child grows up. By purchasing a transforming school desk in the first grade, it will last until graduation, will help maintain the health of the child and ensure his good academic performance.

How to choose a desk for a student

When choosing an orthopedic desk for a student, it is necessary to be guided by the individual parameters of the child. Optimal dimensions such furniture for home use- 70x40 or 105-40 centimeters. Pay attention to the presence of the following options:

• the ability to adjust the angle of the tabletop;
• the ability to fix the tabletop horizontally;
• the optimal height of the desk, depending on the height of the student, is 52-56 centimeters.

Scoliosis is a common problem of modern schoolchildren. Curvature of the spine is the result of incorrect body position for desk. You can avoid pathology if you pick up a desk and a chair for it at the optimal height.. The correspondence table will help you navigate.

When choosing a product, also pay attention to such important nuances:

• the tabletop must be of sufficient size for comfortable work;
• the corners of the desk should be rounded, there should not be any protruding elements that the child could get hurt on;
• the mechanism for adjusting the height of the table and the angle of inclination should be as simple as possible, but at the same time reliable;
• additional drawers for stationery.

Among modern manufacturers and models of furniture for schoolchildren, it is worth highlighting the growing Moll orthopedic desks. The lineup This German manufacturer includes several models of functional and comfortable desks that meet all the above requirements and are perfect for children of primary school age, students high school and high school students.

Attention! Choose a desk with a discreet matte top. Glossy surfaces glare, which distracts the student, as well as bright colors.

Selection of an orthopedic chair for a desk

In order for an orthopedic desk to fully fulfill its functions, it is necessary to choose the right chair for it. He is also chosen by height in accordance with the above table.

To form and maintain the correct posture in a child, it is recommended to choose an ergonomic chair. Models with the ability to adjust the height of the seat and tilt the back have proven themselves best., the so - called orthopedic growing chairs . Modern orthopedic chairs are made taking into account the anatomical structure of the spine. They may have a special padded back or bolsters for a comfortable back position while sitting. Pay attention to the level of rigidity of the seat - it should not be too soft.

Note! For the safety of the student, we recommend choosing a stable chair or a chair without wheels. When sitting, the child's legs should be bent at a right angle and fully rest against the floor surface. The back should fit snugly against the back.

What to consider when working at a desk

In order to properly organize the workplace for the student, it is recommended to place the desk so that the student can concentrate on work as much as possible, without being distracted by toys and computer equipment. This will teach the baby to discipline from an early age.

When working at a desk, it is advisable to adhere to the following recommendations:

• the edge of the tabletop should be located slightly below chest level, so that the student can comfortably lean on the table with his elbows, while maintaining the correct position of the spine;
• the optimal distance between the table top and the chest is 7-10 centimeters;
• the size of the desk and chair should be selected according to the height of the student;
• it is necessary to provide good lighting during work - evening time should be used not only table lamp but also the top light.

So, an orthopedic desk for a student is the best manifestation of concern for his health, on which it is better not to save. In gratitude, the child will delight with an even posture and excellent grades. And so that your child’s posture does not deteriorate while he is not wearing a comfortable briefcase full of textbooks, buy him

The main equipment of the class is the school desk. A desk that is not properly arranged or does not correspond to height can cause visual impairment, spinal curvature.

Erisman's desk is the most common. Desks can be single and double, wooden or metal-based (Fig. 27).

Rice. 27. The main elements of the school desk and their sizes:
A - horizontal board of the desk cover; B, C - inclined board; B - fixed part; B - rising part; G - bench back; E - side racks; Zh - runners-bars; CG - center of gravity; TO is the point of support.

The height of the seat of the bench should correspond to the length of the lower leg from the popliteal fossa to the sole plus 2 cm for the thickness of the heel. With the correct fit, the leg knee joint should be bent at a right angle.

The depth of the seat should be such that most of the thigh (2/3-3/4) rests on the seat. The back of the desk is made of one or two bars, preferably two, which provides lumbosacral and subscapular support.

Differentiation - the vertical distance from the edge of the table to the plane of the seat - should be equal to the distance from the elbow (with the arm lowered and bent at the elbow joint) to the seat plus 2 cm. Normally, this is 1/7-1/8 part of the height.

Bench distance - the horizontal distance between the back edge of the desk table and the front edge of the seat - reflects the relationship between the edge of the table and the edge of the bench. Distinguish positive, zero, negative distance. The distance of the bench should be negative, i.e. the edge of the bench should go under the edge of the table by 3-4 cm (Fig. 28).

Rice. 28. Desk seat distance:
A - negative; B - zero; B - positive

The optimal length of the table for different desk numbers ranges from 120 to 140 cm. The table top of the desk should have a slope of 15°. With such an inclination, the axis of vision is perpendicular to the plane of the book, which creates good visibility with less strain on the organ of vision.

Currently, new models of school desks (light, light-colored) have been developed and are being developed.

By comparing the size of the individual parts of the table and chair with the corresponding dimensions of the student's body, it is established whether the table and chair correspond to the person sitting behind it.

The desk or table and chair of each room serves for a certain height group. Student tables and chairs are made in five groups:
And for students with a height of up to 130 cm;
B » » » from 131 to 145 cm;
B » » » » » 146 » 160 »;
G » » » » 161 » 175 »;
D » » » more than 176 cm.

Each desk or student table with a chair must be marked: on the outer side surface of the desk or table, a relief marking is made with the designation of the table number in the numerator and the position of the students in the denominator. For example, G/161-175.

In addition, an additional color marking in the form of a circle with a diameter of 25 mm or a horizontal strip (ring) with a width of 20 mm must be applied on both outer sides of the student table.

On student chairs, relief marking is applied on the back surface of the back, and color marking is applied on the legs on both sides of the chair.

For student tables and chairs, the following color marking is established:
for group A - yellow » B - red
» B - blue
» G - green
» D - white
According to the new GOST for school furniture, student tables and chairs are produced in two types: type I - with constant parameters and type II - with adjustable parameters, and student tables can be single or double. The working surface of the tables should be finished with transparent varnishes or emulsions and other materials that meet hygienic requirements, have a light color, even tone and color, and be washable. warm water(60°) using detergents.

Chalkboards 3-3.5 m long and 1.2 m wide are usually located in the middle of the front wall of the classroom.

The bottom edge of the board should rise slightly above the desks.

In elementary school, the board is strengthened at a level of 80-85 cm from the floor, and in middle and high school - 90-95 cm. A tray is made along the bottom edge of the board to prevent floor contamination with chalk dust. Hooks for hanging tables are attached along the top edge of the board. There should be additional local lighting above the boards.

The surface of the board should be flat, smooth, matte. Linoleum, plastic, rubber are used to cover blackboards. The color of the board for drawing rooms is recommended to be black, and in other cases - dark green, brown.