Autumn is a more favorable time for fertilizing the soil and preparing the garden for spring. After all, in winter the earth rests and can effectively process all the components in it.

Natural and synthetic additives

Gardeners know that after harvesting, the soil should be prepared for the next season. But not everyone knows what can be used as fertilizer if there is no manure. Some replace this supplement with complex preparations. Others apply fertilizer separately. Such methods are incorrect, since during the winter most useful properties may evaporate. Therefore, you should know what is better to make in the fall and what in the spring. It is also necessary to know that not all fertilizers are universal. Autumn fertilizers can be used to fertilize the soil under trees and shrubs, and some are only used for garden crops.

Bird droppings endowed organic components and is the most effective tool as a fertilizer. It is good to make such an additive under strawberries, but not in spring and not in summer, since bird droppings consist of a caustic substance and can have a detrimental effect on plants. In addition to the fact that top dressing should be used prepared, it should not be allowed to get on the roots of the culture. This fertilizer is best used in the fall. But before use, bird droppings must ferment and then settle. It must be applied after dilution with water. Fertilizer will be more effective if applied to the soil in the fall. If the earth is dug up, then such organic matter is added in its original form, without preparation and dilution in a liquid. Fertilize the soil with bird droppings every few years. If you make it annually, you can harm the plants.

Use of compost

If there is no bird droppings and manure, you can use compost, which is then dug up along with the ground. Some cover the surface of the soil with compost before plowing. No, as practice has shown, this is not The best way. After harvesting the entire crop, it is necessary to remove all weeds and spread the compost in an even layer. It will be better if, in conclusion, the supplement is poured with an EM preparation. It is diluted in water (instructions are included in each package). After processing, the soil is loosened with a Fokin flat cutter and left until spring. With this method, the soil remains fertile and does not turn sour. Such top dressing allows you not to make additives in the spring.

Compost is suitable as fertilizer for potatoes. It is distributed on the site in autumn, and with the onset of heat, tubers are planted. Thanks to this method, the harvest is harvested 2 weeks earlier. Fertilizer is used for growing early vegetable plants.

How to fertilize fruit trees in the fall?

Both garden and horticultural crops need additional feeding. For this purpose, you can use compost, which will serve as a protection for the roots of trees. This substrate is laid around the trunk in an even layer along the entire diameter and left for the winter until the onset of spring. Then the soil is loosened. In this way, useful material, which are part of the substrate, are in the depth of the soil and have a positive effect on the root system.

Should ash be used as fertilizer?

In autumn, organic matter is also added to the soil. However, it must be done correctly. Ash is rich in potassium. It must be added to clay heavy soil. The application rate based on the calculation is a glass of ash per 1 m2. If the earth is soft, then it is pointless to add ash, since it will still be washed out of the soil with melt water. This additive is considered ideal for enriching the earth with potassium, as well as as a fight against harmful insects. Future beds for onions and garlic are well sprinkled with ashes. This procedure is done in the fall before the onset of cold weather. Fertilizer is applied in a thick layer (from 1 cm or more) so that it tightly covers the area. Thus, winter onions and garlic can be protected.

Top dressings to use in the fall

Among the fertilizers that are applied to the soil in the fall, in addition to organic, there may also be synthetic ones. This is superphosphate endowed with phosphorus. This element hard to dissolve in the ground. For this reason, it must be applied in the fall in order to allow the main element to completely dissolve in a few months. And in the summer, this substance can nourish any culture. Using additives for digging in the fall, you need to pay attention to the instructions from the manufacturer and be guided by it. Here http://spsad.com.ua/catalog/dlya-ovoshchnykh/ fertilizers for vegetables are presented at affordable prices.

- double superphosphate. 20-30 g will be needed for 1 square meter;

- granulated superphosphate. Up to 40 g of funds are spent per 1 square meter.

Ammonized superphosphate is not applied to the soil in the fall, as it will evaporate during the winter. Together with superphosphates, fertilizers are added to the soil, which include potassium. It turns out that phosphorus dissolves better simultaneously with potassium.

Phosphate flour. Is it worth it?

Among the fertilizers used in autumn period, there is also phosphate rock, which is added to leached chernozems and poor soddy-podzolic soil. This remedy is natural. It's actually shredded rocks. Additives should be made in the fall for digging in conjunction with manure. Thus, phosphorus will be better dissolved in the soil. You need to know that calcium is included in the composition of phosphate rock, so it is not used for all plants. The main advantage of this fertilizer is naturalness. For humans, the supplement is absolutely harmless.

Urea as an organic fertilizer

Any gardener-gardener should know that the future harvest will depend on the work on the site in the fall. The additives that should be used during this period include urea, which is a nitrogen supplement. It is also called urea. The main substance in its composition is amide nitrogen. This component allows you to use urea in the autumn. After all, it is known that it makes no sense to introduce nitrogen in the fall. But the amide substance contained in urea retains nitrogen in the soil. Fertilizer is used in the fall, introducing it into the soil along with phosphorus top dressing under fruit trees. You can use nitrogen supplements in the spring. But then there will be less time for mastering.

Before? how to fertilize, chalk or limestone is used to neutralize superphosphate. However, we must not forget about the right proportions: a kilogram of superphosphate is used with 100 grams of chalk or limestone. Carbamide (two parts) is added to this mixture. All mix and fertilize the soil. Approximately 130-140 g of the composition will be needed per 1 square meter. Fruit trees are fed with urea with manure. In this case, you can reduce the amount of carbamide to 40 grams per 1 square meter.

Potassium sulfate

It is used in conjunction with nitrogen and phosphorus top dressing. This preparation is often fertilized with soil under raspberries, gooseberries, currants, as well as under strawberries and strawberries. With the help of potassium sulphate, introduced into the ground in autumn, shrubs more easily endure winter with its cold and frost. 30 grams of this fertilizer is enough for 1 square meter.

Calcium chloride

Used as a feed for potatoes. It is scattered over the fields in autumn. The product is suitable for soil on which crops that do not tolerate chloride additives will be planted in the spring. This substance is unstable. After application, after 5-6 months, it evaporates or dissolves in melt water, leaving calcium. 20 grams of additive is enough for 1 square meter. If microelements are introduced into the soil separately in autumn, only a small part of them can be preserved in the spring, which cannot affect the crop yield.

If you are not a purely urban resident, but have either own house, or a cottage, then you will have to constantly face the need for wood processing. In small volumes, you can get by with hand carpentry tools, but if you have to work with wood often, especially if you decide to do construction, then you can’t do without a woodworking machine. Read completely "

If the summer, followed by autumn, turned out to be dry, without sufficient rainfall, pre-winter watering of fruit trees in the garden is universally necessary. Its time is the period of leaf fall, in October, until there are persistent frosts. Such watering is also called water-charging.

Late autumn watering great importance for the successful wintering of trees. Moist soil freezes less, which means there is less danger of freezing of the root system. Drying out of wood is also dangerous, which negatively affects the foliage of branches, the formation of fruit buds and, ultimately, the yield of the next year. Read completely "

October is the time to prepare the place for winter sowing cold hardy vegetables. The soil after deep digging is loosened, seasoned with fertilizers (humus, compost, ash). They form beds, because on loose beds the soil warms up and dries faster in spring. Grooves are cut. It is convenient to do this with the edge of a narrow board with rounded edges. Read completely "

Lilies are perennial flowers, but they cannot be grown constantly in one place either. Bushes thicken over time, flowers become smaller and degenerate. Therefore, they need to be seated after a while and preferably in a new place.

When is the best time to transplant lilies? Much here depends on the variety - the fact is that lilies bloom in different time. But general principle like this: at least 1 month after flowering should pass. First, the bulbs are very depleted, lose weight, become loose. Read completely "

Of all the local root crops, carrots are the most delicate and require special care during storage. How to save carrots until spring? Choose one of the following methods, depending on your capabilities. In any case, laying it for the winter should not be delayed - root crops extracted from the ground easily lose moisture. Having cut off the tops so as not to injure the head of the root crop, but without leaving greenery, the carrots are sorted out, cracked, frostbitten or damaged are discarded. Then they are laid in rows in a box and each row is sprinkled with clean river sand, the humidity of which does not exceed 25 percent. Read completely "

Who has not yet managed to put things in order in cucumber greenhouses and greenhouses, it is necessary to do this before the onset of persistent frosts. Since the causative agents of most diseases of cucumbers remain on the tops, roots, seeds, all the remains of dried plants must be burned. By the way, green borage can be put into compost only if the plants were healthy, without fungal and bacterial infections. The roots should also be removed from the ground, dried and destroyed by fire.

In the spring, along with the awakening of nature, summer residents also become more active, because the hot season is coming. To obtain good harvest in the fall, it is necessary from the beginning of the season to prepare the ground for future beds, picking up necessary fertilizers in required quantities. At the same time, the needs of the crops with which they plan to plant the beds are taken into account. Experienced gardeners know how to feed the garden and how to do it right. A similar question arises, as a rule, for beginners who decide to master the science of growing vegetables and flowers on their site. The need to fertilize the land is dictated by the annual depletion of resources. If you do not enrich the soil with useful nutrients, then the yield will decrease every year.

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for introducing all types of fertilizers into the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. Start the procedure after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading top dressing over the snow, but with this method, the introduced substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fed without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops It is recommended to feed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development.

When depositing funds, you cannot act on the principle: the more, the better. Because organic and minerals applied in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

Organic top dressing: advantages and disadvantages

Organic include:

• manure or humus;
• bird droppings"
• peat;
• compost.

Organics, which loosen the soil perfectly, contain many useful trace elements. In the village, these fertilizers are in abundance in every farmstead, so they can be bought inexpensively. Considering that organic matter is applied once every three years, too much money will not be required for this. The best effect on soil fertility is humus (rotted manure), which is scattered over the site for three to four weeks before digging the earth and planting vegetable crops.

For spring application pre-prepared organic fertilizers are suitable for the soil. Decomposed manure, which has turned into humus in a couple of years, increases the fertility of the land many times

A ten-liter bucket of humus is distributed on one square meter of the garden, which can be replaced with peat or compost. Here's how to make your own compost:

Organic top dressing, in addition to obvious advantages, has a number of disadvantages, namely:

• some substances ( fresh manure, bird droppings) can simply "burn" the roots of plants;
• a large amount of funds that need to be delivered to the site and distributed with a lot of physical effort;
• the danger of infection with vegetable flies onions and carrots;
• problems with the search in the absence of nearby farms and personal farmsteads;
• strong specific odour.

There is also an interesting Mitlider method, more on the video:

Here is another video example independent production fertilizers:

Minerals - the key to high yields

It is easier to work with mineral fertilizers, as they are sold in concentrated form in all specialized stores. However, when calculating the volume of their introduction, special care must be taken. The dosages recommended by the manufacturers should be followed, depending on the needs of the crops grown in a particular place. garden plot. Granular phosphorus and nitrogen supplements are applied in accordance with established norms into the soil in the spring just before digging it. In this case, useful trace elements will be in close proximity to the root system of plants. The recommended depth of the granules is approximately 20 cm.

Many gardeners are biased towards mineral nutrition, believing that "chemistry" is harmful to the earth and the plants growing on it. Of course, the structure of the soil does not improve from the introduction mineral resources. For this purpose, organic matter is needed. But plants get access to all the trace elements necessary for growth, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium-based preparations contribute to faster fruit ripening. Complex fertilizers, which include two or even three components, are able to satisfy the need of plants for all nutrients. Complex top dressings are available in the form of liquid or granules.

Mineral fertilizers in granules are applied in the spring in strictly defined doses to the soil, thereby providing the plants with all the necessary nutrients.

For ten square meters of a garden in the spring, they usually make:

• 300–350 g of nitrogen supplements (ammonium nitrate, urea or urea);
• 250 g - phosphorus agents;
• 200 g - potassium substances that can be replaced with wood ash.

In summer, during intensive plant growth, top dressing is repeated, but the dose of all fertilizers is reduced three times.

Granular superphosphate is a universal nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer suitable for use on all types of soil. Provides nutrition for crops grown in the country or garden

Unlike organic fertilizers mineral complexes must be applied to the soil annually. and funds for the acquisition mineral dressings must be distinguished from family budget more. Naturally, the return on investment will not have to wait long. In autumn, the site will delight you with a rich harvest, and flower crops will begin to bring aesthetic pleasure even earlier.

Many gardeners believe that manure is the best fertilizer, and growing a good crop without it is a whole problem. However, it is not. There is a huge amount of fertilizers in their properties that are not inferior to manure.

Digging the beds before winter with the introduction of all kinds of fertilizers into them can significantly save time in spring and summer, because in this case there is practically no need to fertilize crops in warm seasons. Manure is the fertilizer that gardeners use most often, as it is great for most crops, but it can be replaced with other top dressings.

To determine what fertilizer is best to apply to the garden, you need to know what crops will be planted on it. It is known that most plants need potassium, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus for normal development, however, there are such representatives of the flora that stop growing without a sufficient amount of elements such as iron, boron, copper, manganese, magnesium, etc.

So, if you want to dig up the beds in the fall with the addition of mineral fertilizers, then it is better to take sparingly soluble top dressings as these same fertilizers. In this case, there will be no doubt that they will begin to act no earlier than the snow melts. For beds for vegetable crops, it is better to take fertilizers containing superphosphate (with fluff) and potassium chloride. As for trees and shrubs, some complex fertilizer can be scattered around them, of course, first loosening the soil around the plants at a distance of a meter and a half from their trunks. There should be no problems with the purchase of funds, because most hardware stores offer many fertilizers of various brands.

As for organic fertilizers, in autumn the beds for vegetable crops can be dug up with the addition of egg shells, rotten straw (namely straw, not hay, otherwise the beds will be overgrown with weeds in the spring), leaves, compost, ash, sand, chicken manure. The above components can be mixed with each other or made separately. As for the amount of application of this or that fertilizer, it depends on the composition of the soil, its acidity, the plants that you are going to plant in the garden.

In early spring, before planting, many people have a question about how to fertilize earth for a better harvest. Fertilizers are organic, mineral and organomineral.

Instruction

Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: plant residues and fertilizers of animal origin. Vegetables include: peat, composts. For animals: manure and droppings. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, its structure improves significantly. This contributes to the reproduction of living organisms, which are of great benefit, both for the soil itself and for plants. To date, it is recommended to make organic fertilizers using compost. It is very easy to prepare. Spread straw 15 centimeters thick over an area of ​​10 square meters. Then a layer of manure 20 centimeters. Then a layer of peat is also 15-20 centimeters. On top of this, sprinkle lime and phosphate rock, mixing them one by one. Pour 50-60 grams per square meter. From above, add another layer of manure 15-20 centimeters. Cover it all thin layer earth. This compost must be aged for 7-8 months and only then it can be used. The advantages of organic fertilizer: the first - it increases the fertility of the soil, the second - improves its structure, the third - ensures the presence of living microorganisms. But there are also disadvantages. The first one is imbalance. nutrients. The second - its concentration is still unknown. Third - content a large number weed seeds. Fourth, the danger of contracting diseases is great. Fifth, organic matter inherently absorbs and attracts toxic substances. And the sixth is the most dangerous, these fertilizers absorb radionuclides.

Mineral fertilizers - chemical substances that require careful handling. They must be applied strictly according to the norm. Noble gardeners usually use the following: nitrogen, lime, manganese, potash and other fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers include: saltpeter, urea, ammonia and ammonia water. For good plant nutrition, it is necessary that there is always an abundance of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied to the soil twice a year. They are applied under fruit trees twice a year. The first half of the fertilizer is around the second half of April, and the second half in mid-November. The method of applying such fertilizers is the same in spring and in autumn. The fertilizer is spread by hand, after which the soil is cultivated. For best results, the ground must be moist. Potash fertilizers significantly increase yields. Potassium in the soil is mainly in forms that are hard to reach for plants, so the need Agriculture in such fertilizers is very high. Almost all of them contain chloride, sodium and magnesium ions, which affect plant growth. It is recommended to apply potash fertilizers in the fall along with manure for the main tillage. Without phosphorus, the formation of chlorophyll and the assimilation of carbon dioxide by plants is impossible. The addition of phosphate fertilizers to the soil not only increases yields, but also improves the quality of products. These fertilizers need to be applied in the fall. First scatter them over the surface, then dig earth to a depth of twenty centimeters. Digging near trees should be parallel to the roots.

Organo-mineral fertilizers are humic fertilizers, which consist of organic substances and mineral compounds. Each drug has its own instructions for use. But there are basic ways to make. For open soil is a spraying method, and for closed soil, these are drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation and manual foliar spraying methods. The basic consumption rate for seed treatment is 300-700 milliliters per ton of seeds. For foliar feeding - 200-400 milliliters of fertilizer per hectare of crops. For greenhouses - at drip irrigation 20-40 milliliters per thousand liters of irrigation water, and when spraying 5-10 milliliters of fertilizer per 10 liters of water.

As everyone has long known, nothing grows in empty land. If garden If you don't fertilize, then you don't have to wait for the harvest. Plants grow weak and bear fruit poorly. When planting potatoes in the ground, which was not fertilized, you can collect one pea. The only exception is black soil and then it does not have all the nutrients, and with the annual planting, their supply is inexorably reduced. Therefore, the soil must always be fertilized.

Instruction

The most popular type of fertilizer is manure. It contains a large amount of nutrients and microorganisms that release carbon dioxide necessary for plants for normal growth and nutrition. The soil fertilized with manure becomes looser, which additionally favorably affects the growth and development of plants. The best for fertilizer garden and considered horse and sheep manure. It contains the most potassium and nitrogen necessary for plants. If a sufficient amount of manure is applied to the site, then the nutrients will be supplied to the plants for 5-6 years. And everything would be fine, but manure is an expensive fertilizer, and it is very difficult to scatter it around the site, especially for a lonely elderly person. To spread manure personal plot male physical strength is required.

The second most popular type of fertilizer is humus. It is rotted manure and contains even more nutrients. The consumption of humus should be 4 times more than manure. After spreading over the site, the earth must immediately be plowed or dug.

Due to the high price of both the first and second fertilizer, gardeners and garden nicknames are arranged on the plots compost pits, where they dump all the weeded grass, vegetable peelings and everything that can rot and go next spring as a fertilizer. The pit is constantly watered with water and everything thrown into the pit is kept moist. In the spring, all the contents of the pit are scattered over garden y and close up in the soil.

At present, fertilizers are increasingly being used, which are not scattered throughout the site, but are purposefully applied to each hole of potatoes, under each bush of tomatoes or cabbage. This is a wide range of mineral fertilizers, which are presented in stores in a wide range.

Often garden nicks try to fertilize garden sawdust. There is little point to this. They help to improve the structure of the soil and retain moisture in it for a longer time. As a fertilizer, sawdust acts only in a rotted form. To do this, a pile of sawdust must be watered and covered with cellophane. You can scatter them as fertilizer only on next year.

Fertilizers have a beneficial effect on the soil and contribute to a good harvest. But it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each fertilizer separately, so as not to harm. Fertilize potato possible in various ways.

Related articles:

• How to fertilize potatoes
• Crop rotation in the garden

Ownership question - 1 answer

Instruction

Ash. Especially valuable fertilizer containing all elements except nitrogen. It should be noted that this is an environmentally friendly fertilizer. This type of fertilizer is stored in dry, enclosed spaces, since when it comes into contact with moisture, the ash loses its properties. Ash is used in conjunction with nitrogen fertilizers, as it is more effective and beneficial for potatoes. Ash can be applied to the soil, both in spring and autumn.

Nitrogen fertilizers. Please note that due to its properties, nitrogen fertilizers are easily washed out of the soil, so this type of fertilizer is applied annually in the spring.

Phosphorus fertilizers. Due to the fact that phosphorus is slowly absorbed by plants, it is used (mixed with manure) 1 time in 2 years in the fall.

Manure. The most common and favorite way to fertilize the soil. It is more accessible and cheaper. It is recommended to fertilize the soil in the amount in which you harvested. For example, if you harvested 100 kg of potatoes, enough for next year fertilize with manure 100-130 kg. Of course, soil properties must also be taken into account, so some areas will require a little more fertilizer.

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Useful advice

Clear the soil of weeds, otherwise they will take most of the fertilizer for themselves.

White cabbage is everyone's favorite healthy vegetable, few cultures can compare with it in terms of vitamin C content. It is great for salads, soups and canning. To get a good harvest of this wonderful crop in your area, you need to provide it with careful care. This culture responds especially well to top dressing.

Fertilizers at planting

To make the soil more suitable for this vegetable, it is necessary to add manure to it since autumn, because. this plant is very fond of organic fertilizers - this is the ideal food for cabbage. On the acidic soils lime or ash can be added for digging, because they reduce the acidity of the soil.

If the site for planting has not been prepared since autumn, then it is necessary to do this in the spring when preparing the beds. For this purpose, compost is perfect, and a small amount of it must be applied even if the land was fertilized with manure in the fall. Compost should be lightly sprinkled with earth. In addition, it is desirable to scatter potash and phosphorus fertilizers around the garden. by the most optimum time for this, you can count a week before planting seedlings on permanent place. In addition, you can add nitrogen fertilizers, because. they are necessary precisely at an early stage of plant development.

Top dressing during the season

For early varieties three dressings per season are enough for cabbage, the later ones will have to be fertilized four times. An early ripe vegetable is fed every three weeks, and late ripe vegetables are fed less often, the most last procedure must be completed no later than the end of August.

At the beginning of the season, it is good to fertilize the cabbage with a fermented infusion of grass or manure; chicken manure is also perfect for this. On the last dates growing season, nitrogen fertilizers should be used very carefully. The reason for this is that nitrogen contributes to the accumulation of nitrates in vegetables, therefore, the closer the harvest time, the less nitrogen can be applied to the crop.

Finish fertilizing cabbage with a double dose of phosphorus and potassium, while the nitrogen content should be reduced by half. Also, in addition to accumulating harmful substances, fermented infusion of grass and manure, used for top dressing in the later stages, can cause cracking of heads of cabbage. Such vegetables cannot be stored for a long time.

The abundance of phosphorus in the soil must be monitored throughout the season. With its lack, the tips of the leaves begin to dry out, and bubbles appear on the leaves themselves. With a lack of potassium sheet plates brown bubbles appear. In the early stages, nitrogen deficiency shows up as pale leaves and stunted plant development. The lack of top dressing during this period can lead to the drying of cabbage.
If you follow the rules for fertilizing, you can get excellent harvest cabbage. The main fertilizers for her are manure, potassium and phosphorus - they must be used, given the stage of crop growth.

You will need

• - the soil;
• - mineral fertilizers;
• - organic fertilizers;
• - lime;
• - shovel.

Instruction

Bring in the clay if you have sandy soil. Add river sand if clayey. This must be done so that nutrients do not go deep into the earth and are not washed out by rains. Another rule that must be followed is the observance of crop rotation. It is extremely important that representatives of the same family do not grow in the garden for two years in a row. By and large, they can be returned to their place only after 3-4 years. Exceptions are perennials. First, it will prevent possible diseases(for example, kilu - in cruciferous). Second, protect soil from nutritional deficiencies. After all, the same cultures, together with high yields endure the same trace elements.

Take it as a rule autumn training soil. Start it by cleaning up all the plant residues of the current year. Treat with Intavir or other substance from harmful insects. The basic preparation of the beds depends on the culture that will grow in this place. For example, for root crops soil it is necessary to fertilize in the fall with double superphosphate, adding 4-5 g of the substance per 1 sq.m. beds. For these garden crops, it is better to apply organic fertilizers in the fall. It can be fresh manure - pure or mixed with straw, as an option - compost soil.

Produce soil. Lime is a good fertilizer if your land has elevated level pH. In this case, carrying out autumn liming once every 4-5 years, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in yields. The following year, after making lime, it is appropriate to plant cruciferous plants - radishes, turnips, radishes, all types of cabbage. At the same time, organic matter is not recommended. This will reduce the benefit of both fertilizers. In this case, manure and humus are brought directly under planting.

Introduce rotted manure along with spring digging if you are going to grow leafy vegetables: lettuce, dill, parsley, cilantro, etc. Also responsive to spring fertilizer soil organic cucumbers, pumpkins and zucchini. For these crops, along with manure, a preplant application of nitrogenous fertilizers, such as urea, can be advised. Around the middle of June, the entire garden can be fed with potash, they have a good effect on the growth of vegetable crops and their resistance to diseases.

In the spring, along with the awakening of nature, summer residents also become more active, because the hot season is coming. To get a good harvest in the fall, you need in early spring prepare the soil for future beds by choosing the right fertilizers in the right quantities. At the same time, the needs of the crops with which they plan to plant the beds are taken into account. Experienced gardeners know how to fertilize the garden in the spring and how to do it right. A similar question arises, as a rule, for beginners who decide to master the science of growing vegetables and flowers on their site. The need to fertilize the land is dictated by the annual depletion of resources. If you do not enrich the soil with useful nutrients, then the yield will decrease every year.

Timing of fertilization in the spring

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for applying all types of fertilizers to the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. They begin the procedure for fertilizing garden soil after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading fertilizer over the snow, but with this method, the applied substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fertilized without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops are recommended to be fed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development. When fertilizing, you can not act on the principle: the more the better. Because organic and mineral substances introduced in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral fertilizers and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types of fertilizers, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

What are fertilizers

Fertilizers are organic, mineral and organomineral.

• organic

Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: plant residues and fertilizers of animal origin. Vegetables include: peat, composts. For animals: manure and droppings. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, its structure improves significantly. This contributes to the reproduction of living organisms, which are of great benefit, both for the soil itself and for plants. To date, it is recommended to make organic fertilizers using compost. It is very easy to prepare. Spread straw 15 centimeters thick over an area of ​​10 square meters. Then a layer of manure 20 centimeters. Then a layer of peat is also 15-20 centimeters. On top of this, sprinkle lime and phosphate rock, mixing them one by one. Sprinkle 50-60 grams per square meter. From above, add another layer of manure 15-20 centimeters. Cover all this with a thin layer of earth. This compost must be aged for 7-8 months and only then it can be used. The advantages of organic fertilizer: the first - it increases the fertility of the soil, the second - improves its structure, the third - ensures the presence of living microorganisms. But there are also disadvantages. The first one is nutritional imbalance. The second - its concentration is still unknown. The third is the content of a large number of weed seeds. Fourth, there is a great danger of contracting diseases. Fifth, organic matter inherently absorbs and attracts toxic substances. And the sixth is the most dangerous, these fertilizers absorb radionuclides.

• mineral

Mineral fertilizers, compared to organic fertilizers, contain a higher concentration of nutrients, but are simpler in terms of chemical composition. Formulas of mineral fertilizers do not always accurately reflect the true composition, in addition to active substance there are always minor impurities and additives.

Mineral fertilizers are of two types:

• Simple
• Complex

The concept of simple fertilizer is conditional, as a rule, chemical formula such a fertilizer suggests the presence in it of additional chemical elements, which are in very small quantities compared to the main one.

As part of complex fertilizers not one, but two or three chemical element in high concentrations, as well as the mass of additional in small quantities.

Industrial mineral fertilizers are produced in special packaging, which indicates the name, chemical formula and nutrient content in it. As a rule, instructions for use under different cultures printed directly on the packaging.

Mineral fertilizers differ not only in composition, but also in other characteristics: solubility in water, hygroscopicity. If fertilizers absorb moisture from the air too quickly, soon the powder or granules will cake, stick together into a lump. To prevent this from happening, you need to store mineral fertilizers in a closed container. Ideal for fertilizer storage plastic bottles. Be sure to stick the name of the fertilizer and the label on the bottle (you can put it in a file and stick it with tape).

By composition, mineral fertilizers can be classified as follows:

• nitrogen fertilizers
• Phosphate fertilizers
• potash fertilizers
• Complex fertilizers
• Microfertilizers

• Organo-mineral

Such dressings, as the name already suggests, are a complex mixture consisting of two types of components. Humus or manure (chicken, horse, cow) is usually used as their organic component. All these elements are able not only to fill the deficiency of nutrients in the soil, but also to improve its structure. However, unfortunately, such dressings contain far from the entire complex of macro- and microelements. Therefore, they are supplemented with various mineral components. It can be potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, etc. All these substances are absorbed by plants very well and in a short time, and therefore, they have a quick effect in terms of gaining green mass by crops, development of ovaries and fruits. The type of macro-, microelements necessary for plants depends on their age, the type of soil on the site, etc. Thus, organo-mineral fertilizers simultaneously improve the structure of the soil and saturate it with all the right crops and fast-absorbing nutrients.

Varieties of organomineral compositions There are several types of such fertilizers: granular; liquid; complex mixtures; humic mixtures. Liquid organomineral fertilizers are used for top dressing cultivated plants foliar method, that is, abundantly sprayed green mass. This method allows you to get an almost instant effect. All other varieties of organomineral dressings are mostly embedded in the soil. If you plan to combine organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers, then the proportion of the latter should be reduced.

In the absence of organic fertilizers, use mineral fertilizers. Don't be afraid that your vegetables will have elevated levels of nitrates. If you do not abuse, but use the recommendations printed on the package, then nothing terrible will happen. An increase in nitrates can also be obtained by using organic matter too diligently. If you are an ardent opponent of mineral fertilizers, then you can use sod land during planting.

Only this work is very laborious. The essence of this method lies in the fact that it is necessary to dig a layer of turf to a depth of a shovel bayonet and beat the ground on the shovel handle directly onto the garden bed (or into a prepared container), and then dig shallowly. Certainly, large area you can’t plant in this way, but it’s quite possible to cook a couple of beds. In the spring, you can bury last year's grass and leaves right into the garden (but not from city streets) - gradually rotting in the ground, they will provide the plants, albeit incomplete, but with some kind of nutrition. Ash should also be added there. Compost will be the best substitute for manure, but the process of preparing a full-fledged compost is very long - two or three seasons, and therefore, if you have trouble with manure in the future, take care of its preparation now.