What can be planted before winter. What vegetables can be planted before winter

After reading the headline, many will probably involuntarily think: was it too late to realize the crops? If they wanted to sow anything, then now the time has surely been lost ...

Here! That is why I am writing about the winter sowing of vegetables at the very end of autumn, when winter is ready to come into its own from day to day. Let this article become a wake-up call for everyone who still doubts: sow soon, there is very little time left for sowing before winter, but it is still there! If you have not yet had snow (and for those who have a garden bed ready, and snow is not a hindrance!) - you can sow.

Is it worth the risk?

This question must be solved by each gardener personally. But it is worth paying attention to several clear advantages of winter sowing vegetables. Let's sound them out:

it will allow you to get a crop 2-3 weeks earlier than spring, and if you cover the seedlings with a film (or other material), you can speed up the ripening by another 7-12 days. As a result, it turns out almost a month!;
the seeds that spent the whole winter in the ground hardened well, passed natural selection (the weak died), which means that the plants will be stronger and healthier;
when sowing in winter, you can forget about the anxiety about a dry spring: as soon as the snow begins to melt, the seeds swell and start growing together, using 100% spring moisture, at a time when spring crops are still being planned.

resistance to frost, diseases and pests: young sprouts of vegetables and greens of winter crops endure a short-term minus without loss (from personal experience I can say that a temperature of -3 ° C will not cause them the slightest harm), and early shoots are not attacked and which are still sleeping at this time.

Winter sowing - early vitamins from the garden

By spring, we had already used up the supply of vitamins accumulated during spring, summer and autumn, when fresh berries, vegetables and fruits were in abundance. Fruits and vegetables stored for winter storage, no matter what ideal conditions are created for them, lose a significant part of their nutrients by spring. How can we make up for this deficit?

You can buy gifts of nature in the supermarket or in the market. Of course, if you trust the decency of manufacturers. Or buy a complex of vitamins in tablets at the pharmacy (and here you should not forget about the quality). But there is another way: to sow vegetables and herbs in your garden before winter.

Choose varieties of greens and herbs for sowing before winter in our catalog, which contains offers from large online stores of seeds and planting material. .

" Cold resistant 19"
Mid-season variety, from germination to harvest will take 65-75 days. High palatability, resistant to cold, color, well stored.

" Egyptian flat"
Mid-season variety, 95-120 days from germination to technical maturity. It is valued for consistently high yields, excellent taste, resistance to the formation of peduncles. Zoned everywhere.

" Polar flat K-249"
The variety is zoned for the northern regions, root crops will form 50-90 days after germination. It is valued for its high resistance to cold, flowering, pests (root beetle).

And beet seeds for winter crops can be found in our catalog, which contains offers from many large garden online stores. :

Radish Rampuh 28 rub
Russian Garden

Radish Duro Krasnodar "Kolchuga NEW" 7 rub
Russian Garden

Radish Sakharok series Russian taste! 17 rub
Russian Garden

Radish Mercado 13 rub
Russian Garden

What can be planted before winter is not a whim of southerners spoiled by the warm climate. Even beyond the Urals, this type of landing can be practiced. True, the autumn sowing of vegetables and herbs has its own subtleties, but for the sake of an early harvest, you can work hard.

What can be planted before winter

What are the pros and cons of autumn planting vegetables, how to properly prepare the ridges, choose seeds and what to look for in the spring to get a harvest without any hassle?

The preparation of the ridges plays an important role in the process of winter sowing. After all, only high-quality, reliably protected beds with nutrient soil can become worthy protection for seeds that will have to endure the winter in the open.

For sowing vegetables, it would be better to choose high beds, but if you are not a supporter of their arrangement, ordinary beds, reliably protected around the perimeter with boards, slate, polycarbonate or other material, will do. Such a fence will not allow the spring waters to wash off the crops and keep the snow on the ridges.

Place your landings in the sunniest and most elevated place, where the snow melts first in spring. However, if you have such a place in an open space, take care of windproof structures, for example, install shields on the windward side. If there is not much snow in your area, do not forget to prepare a layer of spruce branches or other mulch in advance, which will replace the snow layer in your beds.

As with sowing flowers for the winter, the ridges need to be prepared in advance while the temperature is above zero. Weed the soil, apply fertilizers with a low nitrogen content (AVA, Autumn, diammofoska, nitrofoska), draw furrows for seeds 3-5 cm deep with a flat cutter or rake angle, and then cover the ridge with a film to avoid waterlogging. In separate bags, store a substrate for mulching plantings (garden soil with peat and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 1), and wait for frost.

When a stable negative temperature is established, sow the seeds 1.5-2 times more than the norm, cover them with prepared soil, and then mulch with spruce branches, spunbond or healthy leaf litter. The thickness of the shelter should be about 15 cm, but remember that light leaves can be blown around the area by the wind, so they need to be fixed.

It is not necessary to water the autumn crops - the spring melting snow will be enough to water the seeds with moisture.

What is planted before winter in the garden

Can't decide what to plant before winter in the country so that you can enjoy fresh vegetables and herbs next summer, and are you afraid to waste your energy and seeds in vain? We will tell you which crops and varieties will definitely endure winter sowing and delight you with friendly shoots.

culture	Varieties	Mandatory indicators	Recommendations for sowing
	Amazon, Vityaz, Gribovsky	Early formation of greenery, disease resistance, frost resistance	Divide the seeds in half and sow in the greenhouse and outside
	Appetizing, Green pearl, Mooskrause 2	Leafy varieties, seeds are smooth, with a strong aroma	Choose a place protected from drafts and generously fertilize the soil with humus
salad crops	Watercress minute, leaf salad Bunny, mixtures Odessa Kucheryavets, Palette and Lollo Rossa	Flower resistance, stall varieties	Sow at 10cm intervals or thin out seedlings in spring
	Ararat, Venus, Firstborn, Krylatsky Semko	Color resistance	Open crops regularly and check for flower stalks
Katran (Tatar horseradish)	Accord, Picadrom	Seeds not smaller than a pea (small ones do not germinate well)	Mandatory stratification, sowing in a flower garden is possible (the plant is a honey plant and very decorative)
	Estuary, Dawn, Queen of the market, Sugar, Okhotsk, Bright mix	Resistance to flowering and frost, early maturity	Sow in a well-lit and ventilated area, choose the largest seeds
	Podzimnyaya A474, Cold-resistant-19, General's, Mulatto-Chocolate, Noble hostess, Siberian flat	Frost resistance, resistance to shooting	In the spring, apply nitrogen fertilizer and thin out seedlings
	Peasant Woman, Red Muscat, Carotene Super, Beloved Mom	Frost resistance, precocity	Sow on loose soil, cover with spunbond or foil on arches in spring
	Arzamassky, Danilovsky, Radar, Red Baron, Senshui, Sturon, Shakespeare	Shooting resistance	Plant at positive temperatures, plant on a hill, sort out before planting, and after establishing stable frosts, cover the ridges
	Antoshka, Bogatyr, Cavalier	Arrow varieties	Release the cloves from the mother's "bottom", plant every year in a new place, plant at positive temperatures
	Vanguard F1, Boxer, Drumond, Kissendrup, Langedijker late, Premier F1	Mid- and late-ripening varieties and hybrids, frost resistance	After germination, apply humus and mineral fertilizers (20 g of potassium, 40 g of nitrogen, 10 g of phosphorus per 1 sq.m), do not forget to thin out
	Culinary, Round, Best of All	Varieties of a round type, precocity	Sow 3 seeds per hole, and remove weak shoots in spring
Celery (for greens)	Juicy, Pascal, Delicate, Sail	Leaf varieties, seeds not older than 1 year	Sow in light fertile soils, loosen and thin out regularly in spring

Important! Soaking seeds during winter sowing is strictly prohibited.

The first shoots of vegetables sown for the winter appear when spring sowing is not even thought of. Of course, weather conditions are still too harsh for tiny plants, and they need extra care.

If you spent your winter crops in a greenhouse, then the seedlings can sprout very early, when the nights are still frosty and the sun is deceptive. Therefore, you will have to cover the seedlings with several layers of spunbond or take care of heating. If the crops were carried out in open ridges, then, as soon as the snow melts, place arcs over them and stretch a film or other dense covering material. This will bring the ripening of the crop another 7-14 days.

The main problem for seedlings most often becomes a dense crust of earth that has packed over the winter, preventing the sprouts from breaking through to the sun. That is why, after the snow melts, it is necessary to carefully loosen the landing sites, breaking the crust, if it nevertheless formed.

Further care comes down to weeding, watering and timely processing, depending on what you planted in the fall before winter.

Sub-winter planting of vegetables will not free you from sowing in the spring, because not all vegetables tolerate wintering in the open field. However, an early harvest of winter-hardy crops will save you a lot of time and money, because, unlike your neighbors, you do not have to go to the market for the first vitamins.

There will always be work in the country, spring is the sowing of seedlings of vegetables and flowers, seedlings of fruit trees. Summer - care of crops and harvesting. Autumn - soil preparation after the release of the beds, sowing and planting before winter.

What vegetables to plant in the fall

Onion sets for turnip

Onion sets are 1-3 cm in diameter, but we plant the smallest, 0.8-10 mm in size. It is in autumn that such onion sets are available (sold in every market), which has a great advantage - small sets do not form flower arrows, the greens from it are weak and small, but the bulbs ripen already in early July.

Planting pattern: 4-5 cm between bulbs in a row, 12-13 cm between rows.

Plant in late September - early October or until early November in the southern regions.

The best varieties: Onion sets Carmen, Sturon - they shoot less.

Onions on greens

Planting material - onion samples or large onion sets. The best harvest is given by a multi-primary large onion sample, in which the diameter of the bulbs is 3-4 cm, the greens from it are juicy and tender. It is necessary to plant onion sets in late autumn, 2 weeks before stable frosts, so that the roots have time to peck, take root, but the feather growth does not start.

In central Russia, the optimal time for planting onions on greenery before winter is the end of September - the beginning of October. Lower Volga region, south of Russia - late October - early November. Planting depth in the soil is 4-5 cm, then a layer of mulch about 10 cm high from humus or peat, until spring - mulch is needed in early spring. It is not necessary to water the sown sevok!

Black onion before winter

Onions are propagated not only by bulbs, but also by seeds that are black, hence the name. The peculiarities of sowing before winter is that we do not have the opportunity to soak the seeds and reject those that do not sink (empty ones float up), in addition, changeable weather in winter will automatically lose part of the crops, i.e. the seed material needs to be increased by 15-20%.

Planting dates - approximately the end of October or November, when the ground is already freezing, you can sow under the snow, quite late, even in a thaw in winter, it is important to know that at a temperature of + 2-3 ° C, the seeds of nigella begin to germinate, we do not see this ( in warm weather shoots in 2.5-3 weeks). Therefore, it is necessary to prevent germination in the fall, but in the spring, the sooner the onion sprouts, the better, so it is worth planting on raised beds (20-25 cm high) - they warm up faster with the spring sun.

Seeding scheme: up to 2.5 cm between shifts, 18-20 cm between rows. If the seedlings are thick, thin out. Seeding depth 1.5 cm.

Black onion crops in regions with severe winters need to be mulched with 3-4 cm of humus or peat, or with leaf litter or sawdust.

Varieties: Danilovsky, Myachkovsky, Strigunovsky, Odintsovsky.

Garlic

Winter garlic is planted in the second half of September - early October, or about a month and a half before the onset of stable cold weather. For planting, we select large cloves from large bulbs - the larger the planting material, the larger the heads of garlic will grow in the next years.

We divide the head of garlic into teeth on the day of planting, first removing the bottom (its remains will prevent the teeth from germinating).

Planting pattern: between cloves in a row 15-20 cm, planting depth 4-6 cm, distance between rows 20 cm.

Carrot

Carrots are sown with seeds in spring and before winter, winter sowing has a number of advantages, although it is practiced less often - the risks of seed (sprout) death due to weather instability are too high. The biggest difficulty is to guess the timing of sowing so that the carrot seeds do not germinate, as well as sow the nigella 1.5-2 weeks before the frost, when the ground is already frozen and slightly dry. Landmark - a stable air temperature is not higher than 2-3 ° C. Seed consumption is increased by 15-20% to cover winter losses.

Sowing pattern: between seeds 2-2.5 cm, between rows 20 cm, planting depth 2-3 cm.

Beet

Beets, like carrots, can be sown in November, before frosts, but the choice of varieties is very small: they mainly sow beets Cold-resistant-19 and Podzimnyaya-474, Bordeaux. The rest of the varieties shoot from the cold.

Sowing pattern: between seeds about 10 cm, between rows 20 cm, planting depth 2-3 cm. Additionally, a layer of mulch 3-4 cm, which needs to be raked in spring.

The problem of winter sowing of carrots and beets is the same - unstable weather in winter leads to the fact that vegetables in the spring have poor, rare shoots, and weeds immediately "clog" them. Therefore, it is worth increasing the crop density by at least 15% and considering the feasibility of such work.

Radish

But radishes during winter sowing, on the contrary, are often justified - sowing in early November, the crop ripens by mid-late April, if the spring is protracted - by May. As in all other cases, there is no exact date for sowing, it is important that the seeds do not have time to germinate. We focus on the time when the temperature is about 0- + 1 ° С. If a thaw is possible according to the forecast, you need to wait.

Sowing scheme: between seeds about 3 cm, between rows 10-15 cm, planting depth 2-3 cm. Additionally, a layer of mulch 3-4 cm (sawdust, straw, leaves, peat), which in spring must be covered with a film or agrospan until snow will start to fall.

Unfortunately, many varieties of radish are prone to shooting, preference can be given to the following: Mokhovsky, Sofit, Dungan, Würzburg, Red Giant, Variant.

leaf parsley

Before winter, leaf parsley seeds are sown in October-November under frosts, although leaf parsley is quite cold-resistant - it germinates at + 2-3 ° С, and seedlings hold out until it is colder than -7-9 ° С, we need to sow on such days so that the seeds sprouted only in the spring. By the way, parsley planted in spring sprouts for a very long time, grows slowly, so winter sowing seriously speeds up the time for obtaining fresh herbs.

Sowing scheme: the distance between seeds is 2-3 cm, the distance between rows is 15 cm, the depth of embedding in the soil is about 1.5 cm. For more details - “Leaf parsley - cultivation and care”.

Lettuce, head and watercress

Lettuces also germinate well in the spring, amicably, grow quickly, but some gardeners sow this crop before winter. Sowing dates: late October - early November, or later if the autumn is long.

Suitable varieties are mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties: Large-headed, Emerald, Berlin yellow. Early: Riga, Moscow greenhouse and New Year's are best sown in the spring in greenhouses or greenhouses.

If you are an enviable owner of a heated greenhouse, then leaf, head and watercress can be grown all winter, the choice of variety in this case depends on the possibility of additional illumination. But still, it is advisable to choose more shade-tolerant varieties, for example, the headed variety Dachnitsa.

Sowing scheme: in rows, with a distance between them of about 20 cm, to a depth of 1-2 cm, sow the seeds in a continuous ribbon, thin out when germination appears.

Parsnip

This root crop is sown before winter as well as carrots. Seeds are only freshly harvested, parsnips do not germinate well and quickly lose their germination capacity. Germinates at a temperature of +4-5°C, so sowing in late autumn, without soaking.

Varieties: Student and Guernsey.

Seeding pattern: 10-12 cm between seeds in a row, between rows 20 cm, planting depth about 3-4 cm.

Physalis

Physalis - a plant undeservedly deprived of attention, a relative of tomatoes has a specific taste. We are interested in varieties of vegetable physalis - these are Korolek, Gribovsky soil, Moscow early, Large-fruited, Likhtarik, as well as strawberry physalis, Peruvian and raisin physalis.

In spring, physalis is grown from seedlings, in autumn - seeds are sown. Sowing dates - in October - November, in fact, physalis reproduces well by self-sowing - the falling fruits rot, and the seeds germinate in the spring.

Sowing scheme: between seeds, the distance is 50 cm for berry (Peruvian) physalis, 60-70 cm for vegetable (Mexican). The distance between the rows is at least 70 cm. The depth of planting seeds before winter is 1.5-2 cm (1 cm in spring).

Dill

Dill in our gardens often grows by self-sowing - these are almost feral plants, there is not much greenery from them, only umbrellas for seaming cucumbers and tomatoes are good. If you need exactly salad greens of dill, it is worth selecting exactly varietal, good for winter sowing: Gribovsky, Abundant-leaved, Umbrella, Far, Grenadier.

Sowing dates for the middle lane: the end of October and the beginning of November, given that at + 3-4 ° C dill germinates.

Sowing scheme: between rows 15-20 cm (depending on the height of the variety), sowing in rows with a continuous tape, the excess can be thinned out in the spring. Seeding depth 2 cm, cover crops with leaves or straw.

Features of the winter sowing of vegetables

The most important thing to know is that if in your area in autumn and spring, during the period of the most abundant precipitation, or in winter, snow is blown away by the wind, winter crops should be abandoned.

If the autumn is very long, do not worry, any winter vegetables, including radishes, can be sown all winter, as long as the road to the garden is available. At least in December or January, while temperatures are slightly minus (-3-5 ° С).

The main thing is to prepare the beds in advance, because we will sow practically in the snow, sometimes after the first snow, on hard ground.

After harvesting at the end of summer, when the ground is soft and future plantings are planned, taking into account, we dig up the soil, removing weeds. If necessary, we apply fertilizers depending on the needs of the crop. For example, carrots do not tolerate organic matter; we do not add either humus or manure to its beds.

Be sure to level the ground, break up large clods and make grooves in advance - on the day of sowing, you are unlikely to succeed - the ground is frozen.

So, the holes have been prepared, you need to stock up on dry land for sprinkling seeds, pour it into buckets or bags and leave it in a country house or barn where it will not freeze.

On the day of planting, it remains only to distribute the seeds along the grooves and sprinkle with prepared soil. If necessary, mulch on top with leaf litter, spruce branches or straw.

Planting seedlings of fruit trees in autumn

Autumn also has its own characteristics. All fruit and berry trees and shrubs are sold in two versions - with a closed root system (in containers) and a large clod of earth, and with an open root. In seedlings with an open root, the roots are very severely cut, by about 80-90% - such seedlings can be planted only in spring. Moreover, choose carefully - take a closer look at the plant - a seedling freshly dug in the nursery has young buds that begin to bloom, if they are not there, you run the risk of acquiring in the spring an unsold product in the fall that has almost no chance of taking root.

By the way, please note that when buying seedlings in the fall, preparations for winter begin - they must have signs of autumn wilting, yellowing or reddening of the leaves. Do not buy plants with juicy green leaves, without signs of "autumn" - they have not completed the vegetation cycle, they will die before winter.

Dates for planting seedlings in autumn: the end of September - October, depending on the region, two to three weeks before frost. Landing pits are prepared a few days before landing.

In the autumn planting of shrubs (currants, gooseberries), apple trees, pears and other trees, there is a risk of damage by rodents. There are many methods of protection, the most effective are a plastic mesh around the trunk (the higher, the better) or winding the trunk with nylon tights (they are too tough for rodents).

You also have to make sure that the ground under the seedling does not dry out until the very frost. Trees need to be insulated for the winter. In regions with severe winters, warming should be carried out in this way: at a distance of about 40 cm from the trunk of the seedling, drive in four pegs, cover with burlap and fill sawdust or leaves into the “well”.

In addition, as soon as the snow falls, the seedlings need to be additionally covered with snow and trampled down, this will also help from mice - they make their way only in loose fluffy snow.

Before the gardener, planning for the first time to carry out winter planting of greens and vegetables on his site, the question immediately arises: what crops can be planted before winter? What varieties to choose for winter sowing?

It sounds amazing, but you can plant almost anything in late autumn. All but not all! We will talk about exceptions a little later. But even for those crops for which autumn planting is not contraindicated, it is very important to carefully, carefully select varieties. Still, quite often, failures with planting before winter are associated precisely with unsuitable varieties.

Varieties planned for winter planting should have increased cold resistance (that is, the ability to tolerate low positive temperatures without harming themselves) or frost resistance (that is, the ability to survive at low temperatures). As a rule, early varieties are much more resistant to low temperatures than late ones.

And to make the choice even easier, we tried to combine in one large reference table the varieties of the main crops that are best suited for winter crops.

Varieties of vegetables for winter crops

Name of culture	Varieties recommended for sowing before winter
Broccoli	Gnome, Monterey, Calabrese, Lucky, Caesar, Laser.
Swede	Krasnoselskaya, Swedish, Green-headed yellow.
Mustard salad (leaf)	Green leaf, Red leaf.
White cabbage	Nadezhda, Polar K-206, Blizzard, Siberian, Dawn, Dumas, Gribovsky.
red cabbage	Gako 741, Stone head 447, Red early, Early hard stone.
Cabbage	Khiva 5.
Cauliflower	Movir 74, Patriotic, Guarantee.
Potato	Volzhsky, early Vorotynsky, Volzhanin.
cilantro	Alekseevsky 247.
Watercress	Narrow-leaved, Broad-leaved, Curly cress.
Bow-batun	Lettuce 35, Maisky, Gribosky 21, April 12.
Tiered onion	Likova, Odessa winter 12.
Onion	Ellan, Strigunovsky local, Bessonovsky local, Stuttgarten Risen, Myachkovsky 300, Odintsovets, Timiryazevsky, Carmen.
Carrot	Nantskaya 4, Carotel, Incomparable, Moscow Winter A 515, Vitamin 6, Shantane 2461, Shantane 14, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Artek, Early TSHA, Supernant, NIIOKh 336, Perfection (Perfecten), Fun, Canning.
Parsnip	Student, Best of all, Round early.
Parsley	Astra, Pagoda, Sugar, Ordinary leafy, Alba, Bordovician, Harvest, Carnival, Curly.
Rhubarb	Red delicacy, Ogarsky, Victoria, Cyclops, Moscow 42, Tukumsky 5.
Radish	Dawn, Dungan 12/8, Heat, Persistent, Rose-red with a white tip, Greenhouse.
radish	Grayvoronskaya, Sudarushka, Viela, Delicacy, Winter round black, Winter round white, Chernavka.
Turnip	White Night, Geisha, Petrovskaya 1.
Leaf and head lettuce	Berlin yellow, May, Lolo Rossa, Odessa Kucheryavets, Semko Kucheryavets, Kado, Riga, Large-headed, Dubachok, Tarzan, Yellow stone head, Ice, Moscow greenhouse, Large-headed, Festival, New Year's.
Beet	Podzimnyaya A-474, Podzimnyaya incomparable, Cold-resistant 19, Gribovskaya flat A-473, Egyptian flat, Northern ball, Polar flat K-249, Red ball, Detroit.
Celery	Apple, Root Gribovsky.
Dill	Early miracle, Aurora, Gribovsky, Preobrazhensky, Vologda lace, Grenadier, Gem, Esta, Drummer.
Horseradish	Latvian, Atlant, Volkovsky, Suzdal, Rostov.
Spinach	Universal, Guarantor, Matador, Juliana, Progress.
Sorrel	Spinach, Belvilsky, Odessa 17, Krupnochereshkovy, Victoria.

In addition to the above crops, it is also possible to carry out winter crops of the following vegetables and herbs: anise, beans, borage (borage), peas, daikon, oregano, strawberries and strawberries, hyssop, leafy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, flax, onion - leek, slime, shallot, lovage, marjoram, chard, lemon balm, mint, chickpea, sunflower, arugula, asparagus, thyme, cumin, Jerusalem artichoke, turnip, fennel, wild garlic, garlic, lentil, sage, chives, tarragon.

We will consider in detail all the advantages and disadvantages of winter crops, the rules for preparing beds and the technology for planting seeds before winter.

We wish you success and great harvests!